21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程修订版4课本练习答案

Unit 1

A. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

internal ditch fabulous renovate

plaster amateur blunder instinct

1. The police _blundered___ badly by arresting the wrong man.

2. The house was severely destroyed, so the couple spent thousands of dollars _renovating____ it.

3. The pilot was forced to _ditch___ the jet plane in the Gulf because of the hijacking.

4. Unlike the Satellite, it has no __internal____ battery, though it will accept external batteries made for the iPad.

5. The basis for training relies on the dog’s natural __instinct____ to hunt.

6. The __plaster___ was beginning to fall from the walls.

7. During each war the monopoly capitalists amassed ___fabulous____ wealth.

8. At college he studied English and did _amateur______ boxing

B. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.

down to call in beat up

wind up trial and error at all costs

Don’t _b eat___ yourself up__ over something that you have no control over.

They decided to _call in____ a doctor because the child was not any better.

Ultimately, he said, the issue came ___down to __a dispute between the two countries.

I always said he would _ wind up ____ in jail.

Growth is a process of __ trial and error _________. You can learn as much from failure as you can from success. Maybe more.

The bridge must be repaired within three days __ at all costs ____.

这座房子在地震中损毁严重，汤姆花了不少钱来修它。

The house was badly damaged in the earthquake, and Tom spent a lot of money renovating it.

正如史蒂夫·乔布斯所指出的，不断摸索一直都是苹果模式的一部分。

As Steve Jobs noted, trial and error has always been part of the Apple model.

如果你总是无所事事，最后结果会怎样呢？当然是失败

If you are idling around all the time, what will you wind up with? Of course, failure.

别犯错———现在可是关键时刻，谨慎是永远不会错的。

Don’t make a blunder—it is a critical time now, and caution will never be wrong.

你不要为难自己，毕竟你是个新手。

You shouldn’t beat yourself up; after all, you are a green hand.

B. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.

中国人通常在屋子里挂灯笼过元宵(the Lantern Festival)。自制纸灯笼只需要彩色硬纸、剪刀和胶水(construction paper, scissors and glue)。首先，将一张长方形的(rectangular) 纸对折，从对折线往开口处，每隔4厘米就剪开一直线。每次不要剪到底，留边约2厘米。然后打开硬纸，将纸卷成圆筒状(cylinder)，接着在两条短边上涂好胶水后把它们黏在一起。最后，剪下长12厘米、宽1厘米的一硬纸条做灯笼柄，并把剪好的纸条黏在灯笼上端的内沿上。Chinese people always celebrate the Lantern Festival by hanging up Chinese lanterns in the house. Construction paper, scissors and glue are all things you need for DIY of a paper lantern. First, fold a rectangular piece of paper in half, and cut along the folded edge every 4 cm. Don’t cut all the way to the edge of the paper, leaving about 2 cm at the top of each cut. Next, unfold the paper,

and roll it into a cylinder. Then apply glue along the short edges and press the paper together. Last, make the handle of the lantern by cutting a strip of construction paper 12 cm long and 1 cm wide, and glue the strip cut-out to the inside edges of the lantern’s top margin.

Unit 2

A. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form

where necessary.

function apparently elaborate bother

presence sacred disregard radically

1. I’m sorry to __ bother _______ you, but can you direct me to the railway station?

2. His father grew increasingly nervous at his son’s ____ disregard ____ for danger.

3. I regard it as a ___ sacred ______ trust to carry out my father’s last wishes.

4. The health service must be ___ radically ________ reformed.

5. Beneath that __ apparently ____ calm surface is a man of fierce temper.

6. This telephone can also __ function ____ as a fax machine.

7. She made __ elaborate __ preparations for the party, but no one showed up.

8. She was so quiet that her _ presence ___ was hardly noticed

B. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.

swarm with do away with think nothing of

to the exclusion of well off die away

1. The place is ___ swarming with ____ pickpockets.

2. The sheer (欢呼声) had _ died away ____ and there was a moment of absolute silence.

3. Never concentrate all your attention on one or two problems, _ to the exclusion of __ others.

4. We are __batter off___ this year than we were last year.

5. In order truly to __ do away with ______ nuclear threat, it is necessary to completely prohibit and thoroughly destroy nuclear weapons.

6. They don’t know that people in some places ___ think nothing of _____ staring at others on the street.

政府正努力改善公众的住房条件?

The government is striving for improvements in public housing

这五个圆环被认为象征了五大洲:欧洲?亚洲?非洲?大洋洲以及美洲?

The five rings are thought to symbolize the five continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and America.

他父亲淡淡地一笑,试图要他放心,一切都安然无恙。

His father smiled weakly in an attempt to reassure him that everything was all right.

他的沉默实际就是拒绝。

His silence is in effect a refusal.

我开始调查,试图发现他们解雇她的原因。

I begin to probe and try to find out why they have dismissed her.

传统上,中文里没有隐私这一概念。这是因为在中国，集体主义这一价值观受到高度赞扬。另一方面，中国人喜欢和家人住在一起，他们认为这样显示了和谐的人际关系。我们甚至看到在中国，不同的家庭住在一个大院子里。在这样的居住环境下是没有隐私可言的。因此，中国人觉得凡事不必隐藏。

Traditionally, there is no e quivalent term for “privacy” in Chinese. This is because the value of collectivism is praised highly in China. On the other hand, Chinese people enjoy living together

with their family members because it is a way to show harmonious human relationship. It is not strange for us to find that even people from different families share a big courtyard in China. With such arrangements, privacy would be hardly possible. So, Chinese people feel that nothing should be concealed.

Unit 3

Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

gloomy wrinkle underneath willing

gently astonish vex treat

You must ___ gently _____ hold the newly born baby.

2. _ Underneath __his rather strict manner, he is really very kindhearted.

His magic act will amaze and __ astonish _____ you.

When I saw their _ gloomy ______ faces, I knew something was wrong

She is beginning to get _ wrinkles_____ round her eyes.

It _ vexed_____ her to be ignored like this.

Mr. Brown took his son to a cricket match as a birthday __ treat _____.

His lack of experience was balanced by his _ willingness____ to learn.

B. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.

blow up wear out rustle up

start out storm out put up with

After finishing the housework, she __wore____ herself __up____ .

He was so angry that he __ stormed out ______ of his office and slammed the door.

Most beginners __ start out ________ with too little money.

I’m afraid you’ll have to ___put up with___his bad temper.

He was jailed for 45 years for trying to ___blow up a plane.

I’ll try and __ rustle up ___a meal for all of us.

他指责老板不守信，欺骗了他。

He accused the boss of having broken his word and cheated him.

使我吃惊的是，那汉子毫不费劲地把石头举了起来。

To my astonishment, the man lifted the rock effortlessly.

我肯定他在赌博中输掉了所有的钱。

I bet that he’s lost all his money in the gamble.

为了挽救妻子的性命，任何辛苦的工作他都愿意干。

In order to save his wife’s life, he is willing to do any hard work.

听到这悲痛的消息,我们不禁潸然泪下。

We could not but weep at the sad news.

在中国，婚礼习俗各地不同，但也有共同点。在过去，举行婚礼前，新娘会由一位当地德高望重的老年妇女为她用彩色的棉绳扎头发。新娘要穿红裙子，因为中国人认为红色喜庆。新郎也要穿红褂子（be in red gown）。他们要拜（kowtow）天地，父母和夫妻对拜。在有的地方，婚礼的当晚亲戚朋友们会闹洞房（play games in the bridal chamber）。婚后的第三天，新婚夫妇要回新娘的娘家，和亲戚们聚餐。

In China, marriage customs differ by regions, but there are something in common. In the past, before the wedding ceremony, the bride would be helped by a respectable old woman to tie up her hair with colorful cotton threads. She should wear a red skirt as Chinese believed red is the symbol of delight. The bridegroom was also in a red gown. They should kowtow to worship the

heaven, parents and each other. On the night of the wedding day, there was a custom in some places —relatives or friends playing games in the bridal chamber. On the third day of the marriage, the new couple would go back to the bride’s parents’ home. They would be received with a dinner party including relatives.

Unit4

A. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

deem conceive cultivate twist

inherent prompt turbulent corrupt

A woman has a (an) __ inherent __ love of beauty.

They were told to take whatever action they __ deemed____ necessary.

He purposely tried to __ cultivate __ good relations with the press.

The present international situation remains tense and _ turbulent __.

W e can’t _ conceive ___ of living without telephones and computers.

__ Corrupt ____ judges have taken millions of dollars in bribes.

What _ prompted_______ you to buy that ugly but expensive suit?

She _ twisted_______ her handkerchief into a knot.

B. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.

in one’s own right out of the ordinary buy into

in essence be after eureka moment

If you __ buy into__ the idea that the look should be perfect then you will never feel good about yourself because you will never attain it.

The fact that some glaciers in the Himalayas are retreating is nothing __ out of the ordinary ____. Archaeological (考古学的) data are __ in their’s own right ______ historical documents , not mere illustrations to written texts.

The two arguments are _ in essence ___ the same.

She’s __ been after____ me for a month to buy her a gold ring.

The scientists may have recorded the first ___ eureka moment ___.

当地报纸披露了这起谋杀案的细节。

Details of the murder were revealed by the local newspaper.

你可能不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚韧不拔的精神。

You may not like him, but you have to admire his persistence.

我不知道他们究竟为什么结婚，他们完全合不来。

I don’t know why they ever got married, for they’re totally incompatible.

这条新修的高速铁路与原有的高速公路并行。

The newly-constructed high speed railway is parallel with the existing highway.

我的计算基于房价稳定的假设。

My calculations were based on the assumption that house prices would remain steady.

中国中小学生的想象力和创造力相当贫乏。经过对21个国家的调查，中国儿童计算能力排名第一，而想象力排在最后，创造力排名倒数第五。对此，专家们建议通过立法加强中国中小学生的“想象力教育”。儿童缺乏想象力是一个关乎中国科学界命运的问题。中国的考试制度严重制约了学生的想象力和创造力，中国的教育体制的改革应该从解放儿童的好奇心开始。China’s primary and middle school students’ imagination and creative ability are quite poor. In a survey of 21 countries, the counting ability of Chinese children ranked No.1, while imagination ranked at the bottom and creative ability ranked fifth from the bottom. Regarding this, experts

suggest strengthening “imagination-oriented education” for China’s primary and middle school students through legislation. The lack of imagination among Chinese children is a matter of concern for the scientific world. The examination system in China has severely restricted students’ imagination and creativity, and the reform of China’s education system should start with the liberation of children’s curiosity.

Unit 5

A. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

hazard virtue representative budget

compound inadequate amount payment

Mildness is a __ virtue ___ he appreciates in his wife.

Some economists argue that this could create a much wider form of __ hazard __.

I say it’s a ___ compound _ or multiple love story, pure and complicated.

We all voted for him as our __ representative __.

If you hate your co-workers and have many job demands but __ inadequate __ resources to accomplish anything worthwhile, then it is time to look for new employment.

As usual, there is a transaction fee for each __ payment ___ from this card.

She stretched money to keep within a __ budget _.

I suppose the determining factor would be how your body responds to the ___ amount __ of sleep you get.

B. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.

figure out glaze over down payment

be obliged to behind the eight ball mount up

1. His grandchildren, he says, are bright and handsome, but in school their eyes ___ glaze over __ .

2. They ___ are obliged to ____ sell their house in order to pay their debts.

3. We need to work together to __ figure out ___ what the data means.

4. You’ll need to make a longer-term goal, such as a trip once you graduate, or a ___ down payment ____ on a car, or even something a little smaller.

5. Her debts started to __ mount up__ because of her wild spending.

6. My friend Pete has been out of work for six months and he’s really ____ behind the eight bal l ___ . He’s used up his savings and can’t pay his rent or the payments he owes on his car.

一份新的报告指出，嚼口香糖可能给健康带来危害。

A new report suggests that chewing gum may be a health hazard.

我们要求您立即付款。

We request your immediate payment

委员会最终采纳了他的建议。

The committee ultimately adopted his suggestions.

大约50个亿万富翁占整个国家国内生产总值的20%左右。

About 50 billionaires account for 20 percent of the country’s gross domestic product.

你有没有决定这个学期要修哪些课程？

Have you decided on the classes you want to take this semester?

自去年11月以来，中国的通货膨胀持续上扬。据NBS（国家数据局National Bureau of Statistics）表明，由于寒冬的影响，食品价格的上涨是推动一月份CPI上涨1.5%的主因。因为近年来人们的饮食和消费习惯发生了极大的改变，专家认为，为了更清晰实时地反映居民的生活总支

出和经济压力的状况，CPI评估标准需要做出与实际情况相符的调整(modification) 。由于房屋支出占收入的比重越来越大，因此相应的调整似乎是有必要，同时，政策的制定者要正确解读CPI 及其他指标(metrics) 以判断经济运行的状况(economic performance) 。

China’s inflation has continued to rise since November last year. Its CPI rose 1.5 percent in January, mainly boosted by food price increases due to the cold winter weather, according to the NBS (National Bureau of Statistics). Since people’s eating and consumption habits have changed greatly in recent years, experts held that the criteria for evaluating CPI needed modification in line with actual conditions to give a clearer and real-time picture of the general living costs and financial pressure of the citizens. Housing costs occupy an increasingly bigger share of incomes, so corresponding modifications seem to be necessary, as policy-makers will read CPI and other metrics for judging economic performance.

Unit 6

A. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

notorious response vaguely exceedingly

undue creep enroll indisputable

Today, public colleges __ enroll ____ almost fifteen million students, while private colleges fewer than six millions.

Obviously it is ___ exceedingly ____ hard to project seven or ten years into the future.

His statement was very ___ vaguely __ worded.

I received an encouraging ___ response ___ to my advertisement.

The bar has become __ notorious ___ as a meeting place for drug dealers.

6. I heard someone ___ creeping____ around the house.

7. It is unrealistic to put ___ undue ___ pressure on ourselves by saying we are the best.

8. It is __ indisputable _ that the crime rate has been rising.

B. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.

keep safe ring out engage with

provide with sneer at transform into

1. The sniper’s footstep voice __ rang out ________ .

2. Students were educated on how to ___ keep safe __ from danger or attack.

3. He __ sneered at ________ people who liked pop music.

4. Peking University ____provided___ her __with___ an allowance when she was studying there.

5. We must ___ engage with ___ all of our partners on this important issue.

6. The movie ____ transformed____ her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl ___into __

a star.

这个公司因为生产劣质产品而臭名昭著?(be notorious for)

The company is notorious for producing defective products.

政府方面对他的评论一直没有反应?(response)

There has been no response to his remarks from the government.

最好不要过分看重他的批评?(undue)

It would be wise not to give undue importance to his criticisms.

许多父母为他们的孩子注册就读私立学校?(enroll)

Many parents enrolled their children in private schools.

挑战在于将这一知识转变为行动?(transform into)

The challenge is to transform this knowledge into action

胡同在蒙古语中是指水井的意思。胡同宽约9米, 最初起源于元朝(1271—1368), 是用于给小巷或小街的命名。现在胡同已经成为北京文化的代表,吸引了越来越多的中外游客。以前的北京是由无数的庭院围绕着紫禁城组成, 胡同向四面八方延伸, 把各种各样的院子连接在一起。胡同有各自的布局结构,从空中向下看时, 就像一个巨大的棋盘。这些胡同是北京发展的见证。

Hutong is a Mongolian word meaning water well. At nine meters wide, it is the name given to a lane or small street that originated during the Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368). Now they have become the representative of Beijing’s culture, attracting more and more tourists from home and abroad. In the past, Beijing was composed of hundreds of courtyards around the Forbidden City, and these lanes stretched out in all four directions, connecting the different kinds of courtyards in the city. The lanes have their own layouts and structures which viewed from the air, resembling a chessboard. And these lanes have witnessed the development of Beijing.