考研英语大纲阅读PartA部分解析

2016年考研英语大纲终于发布了，针对传统阅读部分，我来为考研的“童鞋”解析一下如何根据新大纲进行充分的备战。新大纲内容和2016年大纲相比，没有什么变化，仍然分为：考试性质，考试目标，考试形式、考试内容、以及试卷结构。对于传统阅读这一部分，四篇文章占据40分，形式从2002年一直持续到2016年，这十三年考察最核心的内容是没有发生任何变化的。

我再把最新大纲当中对于阅读这部分的要求，跟大家简单叙述一下，大纲当中是这样来描述的：考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料，技术说明和产品介绍等。

值得注意的是，生词量不超过所读材料词汇量的3%，大纲上的5500个单词都熟悉后，是否在阅读中还会遇到生词?答案是肯定的，但不会造成很大影响，考生一定能够通过构词法的规律或者上下文的逻辑推敲出这些词汇的含义。这点请大家放心。反倒是大家所熟悉的词汇，因为大纲没有给出汉语的释义，所以要格外注意一词多义在文章中的考察。有些简单词汇的生僻释义有时候会干扰我们对文章关键信息的理解。

大纲还列出了考生必备的八项技能，我们在暑期的课程当中已经反复强调过，现在再次进行强调：

第一，理解主旨要义;

第二，理解文中的具体信息;

第三，理解文中的概念性含义;

第四，进行有关的判断、推理和引申;

第五，根据上下文推测词汇含义;

第六，理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;

第七，理解作者的意图、观点和态度;

第八，区分论点和论据。

总的来说，可以把这八项技能总结为两类：一是能够从文章整体结构和逻辑关系出发理解文章的中心和作者的观点和态度;二是通过对文章中心主旨的把握能够推测细节性信息。前者宏观，后者微观。完全按照考试目标量身定制。

大纲所要求的八项能力，对应到试卷中的题目，大概分为主旨题、观点态度题以及推理题等宏观理解题型。还有其他要求对应一些判断、词义等细节题目。了解大纲要求，也就等于抓住了命题人的思路和原则。因此这些要求也是我们解题时的方向。

宏观方面，读文章的时候，对于每一个段落都应该注意去寻找论点所在，而那些论据所在的地方，就可以快速的跳读过去。一般论点会出现在各段的首尾句和转折处。换句话说，不管这篇文章涉及到的多少篇幅，单词我们是否能认识，句型是否理解的足够透彻，都不必去太计较、一些具体的数字，具体的例子，以及引用的一些具体的内容，要适当略读。从细节当中跳出来，才能把握住文章的宏观结构和主旨。如此以来，我们就能够把试卷中大约400字到450字的篇幅，迅速集中到100字之内的有效信息。大家只需要精读这100字之内的信息，就可以对主旨题、态度题，做准确的解答。

第二方面是涉及到微观细节。细节题的题目占据量是最大的，通常都是在阅读当中

占据60%左右的比重。这些细节或者理解概念，或者进行判断、或者推测词汇含义、或者就某一个段落进行推理和引申，解题思路归根到底也都是一样的，都是考察我们对于文章当中某一个细节的精确的理解能力，不是考察我们根据文章当中的已知信息，去推出另外的新信息的能力，而是考察我们对于文章当中的细节的透彻的理解能力，所以这几种涉及到所有细节的题目，我们可以把他的解题思路概括成一个字，就是“找”，牢牢把这一个字印在脑海当中。这样的题目，正确答案都不是通过我们的主观的推断想出来的，这样的题目的正确答案都是看我们是否有足够的耐心从原文当中把它找出来。因此历年真题回顾中我们会发现，答案的特征往往是原文信息的同义替换。

最后跟同学们强调一下，在最后这3个多月中，对于阅读的的part A 冲刺阶段当中，需要同学们做一些什么事情。

第一，我们要把近15年阅读理解的真题中，每一个单词它的含义都记清楚。

第二，把近15年阅读理解的真题中的典型长难句结构一定要在极短的时间内能够辨析清楚，并且从主要句型中要提取出100个左右的难句进行了翻译、背诵、模仿造句样的工作。

第三，对于已经做一遍甚至两遍真题的同学来说，就不要再一遍遍的去做题了，关键的是把每个题目涉及到的重要知识点和出题思路整理下。最后祝愿大家在2016年的考研征途中能风雨之后见到彩虹。

小提示：目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈，就业主体是研究生，在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下，我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母，我们需要：早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班（如果经济条件允许的情况下）。2017考研开始准备复习啦，早起的鸟儿有虫吃，一分耕耘一分收获。加油！

考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994

Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding —the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. "All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 59. In paragrah 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________. [A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society [B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are [C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society [D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________. [A] they are expected to be leaders of the society [B] they might become a burden of the society [C] they should fully develop their potentials [D] disabled children deserve special consideration 61. This passage mainly deals with ________. [A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities [B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society [C] the special educational programs for exceptional children [D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children 62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________. [A] is now enjoying legal support [B] disagrees with the tradition of the country [C] was clearly stated by the country's founders [D] will exert great influence over court decisions 重点词汇： denote （v.表示）即de+note，de-向下，note 记录，“记录下来”→表示。Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best and by the best means.“明智”指的是以最好的方法追求最好的结果。难句解析： ①Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. ▲第一个短句结构很简单，第二句中For these children to develop to their full adult potential是一个表示目的的状语，也可以看成是一个从主句their education must be adapted to those differences后面提前了的介词结构。 △第一个短句中exceptional一词我们从文章后面的叙述中可以知道它不是我们一般理解的“杰出的，出类拔萃的”，而应指“反常的，有缺陷的”，其实此处的exceptional是一种“身有残疾”的委婉表达法；significant应理解为“重要的，关键的”，而第二句的develop to their full adult potential的develop是一个不及物动词，意为“发展，养成”，而potential是一个名词，意为“潜能”；be adapted to的意思是“被调整，适应”。 ②While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. ▲此句由一个while引导的让步状语从句the leading actor on the stage captures our attention和一个主句构成。 △要理解本句，重点是看到它是一个类比，把残疾儿童比喻为舞台上的主要角色，而他们的家庭和社会环境被比喻为配角和戏剧的布景。在考研的阅读理解中，当我们碰到作者使用各种比喻和类比时，最重要的一点就是要弄清其用比喻来说明的对象。 ③And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding — the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.

2018考研英语阅读解题思路：细节题_毙考题

2018考研英语阅读解题思路：细节题理解文章的具体信息和概念含义是大纲对阅读的明确要求。细节题目的考查在每年的考研英语真题当中都会占到一半以上，考生必须给予足够重视，牢牢掌握细节题的解题方法和思路。我们以2009年的真题为例： The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. 31. The author holds that the importance of education in poor countries______. [A] is subject to groundless doubts [B] has fallen victim of bias [C] is conventional downgraded [D] has been overestimated 解析：首先依据题干关键词the importance of education in poor countries定位到第一句The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood，但是仔细研读后发现贫穷国家中正规教育与经济发展之间的关系为经济学家及政治家们普遍误解。，该句只是在说正式教育和经济发展之间的关系，并不是题干所要找的教育的重要性。继续定位到第三句however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.那种认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的重要因素之一的传统观点是错误的。句中涉及了和教育的重要性相关的信息，锁定为答案出处。作者说这种传统的观点时错误的，可以理解为作者认为贫困国家不应该把教育看的如此重要，即，现在的贫困国家太过于注重教育了，所以答案选[D] has been overestimated教育被高估了。[C] is conventional downgraded被降级轻视，和原文事实相反。A和B选项所说的怀疑和偏见态度在原文中找不到依据，可排除。

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析考研历年真题一定要用好，研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析： Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析：

2020年考研英语一阅读解析

2020年考研英语一阅读解析 2020年考研英语一阅读解析 1)理解主旨要义； 2)理解文中的具体信息； 3)理解文中的概念性含义； 4)实行相关的判断、推理和引申； 5)根据上下文推测生词的词义； 6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系； 7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度； 8)区分论点和论据。万变不离其宗，在此再次提醒考生如何有重点地实行下一步复习：真题再现，反复精练，摸清思路，再次提升真题是最应该重视的，近十年的考研英语阅读真题对于备考来说是非常有价值的，出题形式稳定，掌握出题规律，也是最真的模拟。各位考生在私下备考时，应侧重从宏观上掌握此题命题走向，微观了解此题细分题型及应对技巧。其中，考研英语的阅读在整张试卷中所占的比重，除40分值的传统阅读理解题型，还有10分的新题型，即七选五、补全段落之类题目，使得考生又对其不得不更加重视。同时，翻译和完形填空题型的解答与阅读水平的高低也有着直接的联系，读懂是首要，才能更好地实行下一步，翻译或完成句子。所以，提升阅读水平，在考研英语中绝对不容忽视。同时，在专项练习中，根据自己实际情况，强项稳住，弱项增强练习，对于真题中涉及到的每一篇文章，每一道题目，每一个选项，都要从精读的角度，真正理解和掌握文章的词、句，将答案中的关键

点与文章中、题干中的关键词结合起来，仔细分析，找出其中的联系，学会定位原文，这就是熟悉作者的出题思路和掌握自己的做题思路。错不怕，重分析，做总结，心态调整好做题的过程中，难免有些同学偶尔发现自己的错题过多，不要焦躁与灰心，错题分析的过程中就是总结提升的过程。只要发现问题实行总结，相信到最后好的结果一定等着我们。考题的难度就是历年真题的难度，但是只要反复练习，整理思路，持续提升，在自己的水平范围内拿到更高的分数，就是成功。

考研英语个阅读题答题技巧毙考题

2017考研英语：57个阅读题答题技巧距离2017年考研初试已经只剩一个多月的时间，各位考生在这段时间需要做得很重要的一件事就是练习真题，研究答题技巧。下面小编为大家整理了2017考研英语阅读题答题技巧，以供大家参考。在考研英语中，阅读是一个拉分大项，也是难度较大的题目，因此同学们在复习的过程中应将答题技巧融合在复习过程中，下面是英语阅读的57个答题技巧。 1、原句重复出现，200%错。正确的都是有改动的，即同意替换。 2、文章是按顺序出题的。你要觉得不是，就是你做错了。 3、选项中意思完全相反的2个选项，其中之一是对的。(要有这个意识)。 4、就一般而言，some people，表作者不认同的观点。few people，表作者的观点。 5、用文章里举例的句子来作为选项，直接排除。200%错。(要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力)。 6、某某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分。很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。即题眼。 7、有的时候，一句话可以设2个问题。不过这种情况很少出现了，非常少。 8、文章基本以5段为主(也有6段、7段的)，要把握每段之间的关系。一般来说，一段一个题，只是一般来说喔。 9、一篇文章总会有5、6+个长难句，且总会在这里设问题。所以，长难句必须要拿下! 10、每段的第一句很重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。考研英语，总分结构或者总分总的段落很多。

11、若文章首段以why为开头的，这里若设题的话，选项里有because的，往往就是正确选项。不过这种类型的题，很少见了。 12、有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。你要注意的是，作者对什么进行了转折。那个关键词你要找出来。 13、在应该出现答案的地方，没有答案。接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的。要有连贯性。这和7选5的技巧有些相似。不过这种情况并不多见。 14、一个长句看不懂，接着往下看，下一句可能是这个长句的解释说明。是的话，这的地方可能会出题。出的话，答案就在这附近。而实际情况是，文章在谈论某个问题或提出某个观点时，有时会再做进一步的解释说明。这种情况下，这里往往会设问题。不过，这种情况很少见了。 15、有些句子仅仅是解释补充，或者是起过渡作用的。这样句子的特点是，句子比较短。注意，答案一般不会在这儿出现。选项中出现，肯定是干扰项。你要知道的是，同意替换的句子，大都是长难句。一些作为过渡的句子，不可能是答案。在你读不懂的情况下，要有这个判断力。 16、正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换。阅读理解历年的所有真题，都是同意替换!就看你能不能找得到。考研英语，考的就是这个!那个关键词，就看你找没找得到，不管是什么类型的题。 17、每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个中心句。 18、选项中的几个单词，是该段中不同句子里的单词拼凑的，有时看上去很舒服，注意，干扰项。还有从不同的段落里的词拼凑到一起的，直接排除。总之，选项的单词是拼凑的，肯定错。 19、一定要注意文章中句子的宾语部分，尤其是长难句中主干的宾语。上面说了，考研英语大都是长难句里设题。你要知道的是，长难句里，最可能是出题的就是句子的主干部分!主干的主语、宾语是什么，一定要知道。正确选项的题眼往往就在这儿。当然，还有一些起修饰、限定作用的词，一定要看仔细。小心陷阱。

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译

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