英文阅读+题+答案+翻译

Go for the Gold

Diana Golden was 12 years old when she found out she had cancer. She was walking home one day after playing in the snow when her right leg simply gave out.

Doctors diagnosed the problem as bone cancer. They recommended removing her leg above the knee.

When Diana heard the news, she asked the first question that came into her mind: “ Will I still be able to ski?”

“When the doctors said yes,” she later recalled, “I figured it wouldn?t be too bad.”

That attitude was characteristic of Diana?s ou tlook on life. Losing a leg would cause most children to lose confidence and hope, but Diana refused to dwell on the negative. “Losing a leg?” she?d say. “It?s nothing. A body part.”

Most of all, Diana didn?t want to let cancer stopk her from doing what sh e loved.

And what she loved was skiing. Diana had been on skis since the age of five. Her

home in Lincoln, Massachusetts, was just a couple of hours from New Hampshire?s Cannon Mountain. After the operation, Diana worked hard to get back to the mountain.

“I always skied, and I intended to keep on skiing. There was never any question in my mind about that,” she declared. Seven months after losing her leg, Diana met her goal.

She was back out on the slopes.

Skiing wasn?t quite the same with just one leg, but Diana made the best of it. She learned to go faster on one leg than most people could go on two. In high school,

Diana became a member of her school?s ski racing team. And in 1979, when she was just 17, she became a member of the U.S Disabled Ski Team.

After high school, Diana Golden went on to Dartmouth College. There she saw how top two-legged skiers trained. Determined not to be left behind, Diana began

training with the dartmouth team. When they ran around the track, she followed them on crutches. When they ran up and down the steps of the football stadium, she went up and down the steps too—by hopping. “I had to adapt,” she later explamed. “I was an athlete. I had one leg, which meant I had to do it differently.”

In 1982, Diana entered her first international ski race. She went to the World Handicapped Championships in Norway, where she won the downhill competition. In 1986, Diana won the Beck Award, which is given to the best American racer in

international skiing. The next year, she placed 10th in a race against some of the best nondisabled skiers in the country. And in 1988, she was named Ski Racing magazine?s U.S. Female Skier of the Year.

As a result of her courage and determination, Diana has changed the way the world looks at disabled athletes. People have begun to see them as strong and

competent. “Everyone has some kind of …disability?, Diana says. “It?s what we do with our abilities that matters.”

In 1990, Diana retired from racing for good.

Comprehension Exercise

1.When Diana lost her leg, she was__C______

A)very discouraged

B)quite unhappy

C)still optimistic

D)unaffected

2)In 1986, Diana won the Beck Award, which is given to the best American___C___

A)disabled skier

B)woman skier

C)racer in international skiing

D)Olympic skiing champion

2.The author probably wrote this passage to___B___

A)inform you about disabled skiers

B)inspire you with Diana?s courage

C)describe the events in international ski competitions

D)tell about the disadvantages of being a disabled skier

3.Which sentence below correctly restates the following: “Det ermined not to be left

behind, Diana began training with the Dartmouth team. C

A)Diana began training so she could make the Dartmouth team.

B)Diana trained with the Dartmouth team so she wouldn?t finish last in her races.

C)Diana wanted to keep up, so she trained with the Dartmouth team.

D)Diana wanted to be as good as the Dartmouth team so she trained with the team.

4.Which of the following is the best summary of the passage? D

A)After Diana lost a leg to cancer, she learned to ski on one leg.

B)After losing a leg to cancer, Diana trained hard and won an Olympic gold medal.

C)After Diana lost a leg to cancer, she was still competent in many sports events.

D)After losing a leg to cancer, Diana worked hard to become a champion skier and a

respected athlete.

参考译文：

勇夺金牌

当发现自己身患癌症时，戴安娜·高登才仅仅12岁。那天，她还在外玩雪。随后正准备回家时，突然发现右腿不能动了。经医生诊断，她患有骨癌。医生建议从膝盖以上进行截肢治疗。

听到这个消息，她想到的第一个问题是：“我以后还能滑雪吗？”

戴安娜后来回忆道：“当医生回答说可以时，我觉得这还不算太坏。”

这，就是戴安娜对生活的态度。对大多数孩童来说，失去一条腿，意味着失去信心，没有了希望。但是戴安娜却一直很乐观。她常说：“一条腿没了？没事，不就是身体的一部分嘛！”

更为重要的是，戴安娜不希望癌症阻挡自己所喜爱的运动——滑雪。由于她的家在马赛的林肯市，距离新罕布什尔州的加农滑雪场仅数小时路程，戴安娜从5岁起就开始滑雪。手术后，为了早日回到滑雪场，戴安娜积极接受恢复治疗。她说：“以前一直滑雪，自己也想坚持下去。在我看来，这没问题。”截肢7个月后，戴安娜实现了她的目标，重新回到了滑雪道上。

与正常的滑雪相比，单腿滑雪截然不同。但是，戴安娜充分发挥了仅有左腿的作用，不仅学会了单腿滑雪，速度还比大多数正常人快。中学的时候，她成为了校滑雪队的一名成员。1979年，17岁的她进入了美国残疾人滑雪队。

中学毕业后，高登·戴安娜进入达特茅斯学院学习。在那里，她见识到优秀的滑雪队员是怎么训练的。她下决心要迎头赶上，于是跟随达特茅斯滑雪队一块儿训练。当他们在操场跑步时，她拄着拐棍跟在后面跑。当他们在看台上上下下地跑台阶时，她也跟着上上下下——单腿跳着台阶。她后来解释说，“我必须适应这一切，我是一名运动员，我也只有一条腿，这意味着我必须以一种不同的方式完成训练。”

1982年，戴安娜第一次参加了国际性的滑雪比赛——挪威世界残疾人锦标赛，并且获得了速降滑雪比赛的第一名。1986年，她荣获了美国贝克奖，这个奖专门给在国际性滑雪比赛获得冠军的美国选手。次年，她参加了一次对抗赛，与一些出色的、健全的滑雪选手比赛，获得了第10名的成绩。1988年，她被美国《滑雪竞赛》杂志评为“年度最佳女滑雪运动员”。

她的勇气和决心，改变了全世界对残疾运动员的看法，人们开始承认他们是坚强的，也是有能力的。戴安娜说：“每一个人在某些方面都有一些残疾，但重要的是，我们能发挥自身的能力做些什么。”

1990年，戴安娜永远的退役了。

As dream comes true

We all have dreams. Yet so few of us fulfill (履行，实现)them. Often , a dream dies as quickly as it is born because we lack the confidence to keep it. When I was old enough to understand the realities of life , I realized that society puts a high value on youth , beauty and intellectual（智力的，聪明的） achievement. This discovery gave me some idea to develop my dream.

I know beauty is something I will never have. So I didn?t dream of becoming beautiful. But I didn?t see it as something bad because it forced me to concentrate my energy to develop my other qualities. What people see in the handicapped（障碍，不利条件） is only their appearance of being handicapped. People are not impressed with the ability that lies inside every handicapped person.

My dream was simple. I dreamed of becoming a typist（打字员） when I was in secondary school. I always hoped to be able to master the typewriter. This magic machine would be my passport（护照，通行证） to getting a job. I come from a poor family of five children and the best that my parents could give us was a good school education. But, of course, this achievement proved to be no sure guarantee of getting a job in an office. The employment field was a highly competitive place. It gave not only keen（强烈的，热心的） competition to a handicapped job-seeker but also the unfriendly treatment from the physically strong and healthy. They see the handicapped as the back row of society.

However, I refused to sit in the back row. I took a brave step to break through the wall that isolates（使隔离） the handicapped. I decided to take a course in typing run by the governmnet. I filled in the detailed information in the application form and wrote down typing as my training course. When I handed over the form to the interviewer, she looked at me then moved her eyes to my body. She left and discussed with another member of the staff at the center. I had decided that it must be typing, or nothing. When the interviewer returned, she advised me to changemy choice from typing. “ Why don?t you take up dressmaking so you can earn while at home ? You cannot hope to compete with college graduates,” she said. “ Offices prefer to hire smartlu dressed, pretty girls with beautiful hands, ” she added.

I knew I didn?t have those qualifications. But I was determined to stay with my choice of typing, “ I will be a really good typist,” I told her. She accepted me. The typing instuctor admitted me into his class to give me one month as a trial（试验的） period to find out whether I could really handle the course well. I had tried my very best to master the machine. I was allowed to continue with the course after the trial period.

On the fifth month of the six-month course, I was called to the office of the chief instructor. I was one of five students in our class who was chosen to do some copy typing from the files（文件，文档） of the department. I knew I would was chosen to do some copy typing from the files of the department. I knew I would be very efficient. While I was working hard on the typewriter, taking every care to neat（整洁，整齐） and fast, my other companions spent their time talking and reading. I finished half of the work given to all of us.

More work came to me after this test. I could see quite clearly the way to achieving my dream. I was taken on as one of the typists in one of the offices immediately after my graduation. I did not mind starting at the bottom of the ladder. Being a typist was just the beginning of the climb. Having achieved one dream, I set

out to achieve others. I worked and studied at the same time, which was no easy task.

But the sacrifice proved rewarding.

Overcoming one challenge after another gives me self-confidence. The challenges help strengthen my courage and build up my positive attitude toward life.

All these elements are necessary for the dream-come-true formula（公式）,

Dreamers should keep reaching out for their dreams, no matter what the pain, until they get what they want in life. When they are settled comfortably, they can sit back and tell the world, “ I did it alone .”

Select the most appropriate answer for each of the following questions.

1.The theme of the article is______

A)that typing is suituable for handicapped people

B)to tell how a handicapped person fulfilled her dream of becoming a typist

C)to encourage the handicapped to become typists

D)that it is not easy for the handicapped to become typists

2.The tone of the article is _______

A)encouraging

B)sad

C)hopeful

D)disappointing

3.For the writer, being physically unattractive is ______

A)unfortunate

B)a good force to develop her other abilities

C)fortunate

D)an obstacle to becoming a typist

4.The sentence “ I refused to sit in the back row. ” ( para.4 , line 1) means that the writer

______

A)didn?t like sitting behind everybody else

B)liked to sit in the front

C)wanted to change her seat

D)didn?t like being looked down on by other people

5.The writer eventually _______

A)became the cleverest student in the typing class

B)achieved her dream

C)failed in her attempt to get the right qualifications

D)gave up dressmaking

参考译文：

当梦想成为现实

每个人都有梦想，但很少有人能实现梦想。经常是，梦想刚刚诞生就死亡了，因为我们缺乏坚持梦想的信心。在我长大一点，懂得了什么是生活的现实，我就意识到这个社会非常看重年轻、美丽和知识成就，这给了我实现梦想的要领。

美，与我永远不会有交集。因此，我也不会梦想着有一天变美。我认为这不是坏事，这可以迫使我集中精力发挥其他能力。面对残疾人，人们仅仅看到他们外表是残疾的，却忽视了每个残疾人内在的能力。

我的梦想很简单。在职校上学时，我就想成为一名打字员，也一直都希望能学会使用打字机。这个充满魔力机器是我获得一份工作的敲门砖。我出身于一个贫困家庭，家里还有4个孩子。父母所能给我们最好的东西就是良好的学校教育。然而，这样的努力并不能确保获得一份办公室的工作。职场是一个高度竞争的地方，尤其对一名身患残疾的求职者来说，竞争不仅激烈，而且在那些身体强健的人面前，会受到不友好地对待。他们认为残疾人是社会的最底层。

但是，我拒绝成为最底层的一员。我做了一个勇敢的举动，试图打破隔离残疾人的那堵墙。我决定参加由政府组织的打字培训课程。我仔细地填了申请表，并选了打字作为我的培训课程。在把申请表提交给面试官时，她看了看我，并上下打量了一番，随后离开去与另一名培训中心的同事商讨起来。我已经决定学就要学打字，要么就不学。随后面试官走回来，她建议我改变自己的选择，说道：“为什么不选服装制作呢？这样就可以在家里挣钱了。不要期望能与大学毕业生竞争。”她接着说道：“办公室都想要那些穿着利索、长相漂亮又玉手芊芊的女孩做打字员。”

我知道自己达不到那些要求，但我决定坚持选打字，并对她说：“我会成为一名优秀的打字员的。”她接受了我的申请。打字课程的辅导老师同意我进他的班，并且给我一个月的试学时间，看能否学好这门课。我尽一切努力学会使用打字机。试学期满，我被许可继续学习。

在半年学时的第五个月，教学指导主任叫我去他办公室。我们班有5名学员被选出来为部门做一些文件的打字工作，我是其中之一。我就知道自己工作会非常高效。在其他四人聊天、看书时，我在打字机旁努力工作，小心翼翼地做到整洁而又快速。我一个人完成了分给我们所有人工作量的一半。

这对我来说是一次测试，之后我分到了更多的活。我可以清楚的看见梦想在逐步地实现。毕业时，我很快就被其中的一个办公室雇佣成为一名打字员。我不介意从梯子的最下层开始，况且成为一名打字员仅仅是攀爬梯子的开始。实现了这个梦想之后，我开始有了其他梦想。我克服困难，边工作边学习。事实证明，付出是有回报的。

克服一个又一个的挑战给了我自信，让我变得更勇敢，同时树立了积极的生活态度。要想梦想成为现实，这些缺一不可。有梦想，就应当努力实现，付出一切，直到得到生活中想得到的。当一切梦想变成现实，就可以休息一下，告诉全世界：我，独自一人，实现了我的梦想。

Global Warming May Not End up Being Warm at All Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal, oil, wood, together with industrial pollution, are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere (the p rocess known as “the greenhouse effect”), and so raising the temperature of the earth (global warming).

The evidence for global warming can now be seen in the world?s changing climate statistics. In Europe, eight of the last ten years have seen record high temperatures. For northern Europe, this has generally been a change for the better. Gardeners can now even grow some tropical plants in England, though London may never see a “White Christmas” again. On the other hand, the countries around the Mediterranean sea, and those south of the Sahara desert are receiving even less rain than before. In sub-Saharan Africa the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying of starvation. In the Americas, the climate is becoming more extreme-the summers are getting hotter and the storms are becoming more violent. In 1999 the southern United States was struck by a series of destructive hurricanes, while the end of 1999 saw the worst floods ever in Venezuela. Meteorologists expect such trends to continue, and indeed to worsen, if global warming cannot be halted.

In addition to worrying about rising global temperatures and more extreme weather conditions, scientists are closely are closely monitoring sea levels around the world. These are slowly rising, as the northern and southern polar ice caps start to melt. This will have serious consequences for low-lying countries near the sea, such as the coral islands in the Pacific, and Bangladesh where the River Ganges already floods the delta every year. Already parts of these places are disappearing under the rising tides.

According to new research, one contradictory feature of global warming is that it will probably lead in the end to a period of much colder weather, at least in Europe. Scientists base their theory on what happened the last time the world warmed up, 8, 300 years ago. They have discovered that when the ice melted from the northern polar ice cap it became trapped in an enormous lake in northern Canada. As more ice melted this lake suddenly burst open, releasing millions of tons of freezing fresh water into the North Atlantic. This flood of water was so large that it prevented the normal flow of water in the Atlantic, which takes warm water from the tropics north to Europe. When this flow of warm water was cut off, temperatures in Europe dropped by between three and eight degrees Celsius over the next two hundred years. Scientists believe that a similar process could occur in the next century if the Greenland Ice Sheet starts to melt. “Ultimately,

that?s the interest here,” says Richard Alley, an American climate expert. “The climate hasn?t varied much in 8,000 years. But the big changes could come back!”

Select the appropriate answer for each of the following questions.

1.According to Paragraph 1, what is the relation between global warming and the

greenhouse effect?

A)Global warming causes the greenhouse effect.

B)The greenhouse effect causes global warming.

C)Global warming and the greenhouse effect are both types of industrial pollution.

D)Global warming and the greenhouse effect are not connected in any way.

2.According to Paragraph 2, the overall effect of global warming on Europe?s climate is

_____________.

A)a decline in rainfall

B)a more tropical climate

C)a general improvement in the weather

D)better for some countries and worse for others

3.Bangladesh is mentioned in Paragraph 3 because it is _________________.

A)a country made up of coral islands

B)a country with good sea defences

C)a country threatened by rising sea levels

D)a developing country

4.According to Paragraph 4, the climate in Europe became colder 8,300 years ago

because __________.

A)global warming reversed, and so temperatures started to drop around the world

B)ice moved south to cover Europe and the North Atlantic

C)enormous lakes of freezing water covered Canada and Europe

D)melted ice in the North Atlantic stopped warm water from reaching Europe

5.According to the passage, scientists believe that global

warming_____________________.

A)will definitely produce a colder Europe within 200 years

B)will probably produce a colder Europe in 8,000 years

C)will definitely not produce a colder Europe

D)will probably produce a colder Europe eventually

参考译文：

全球变暖，也许不会完全变暖

目前，大多数科学家都确信全球正在变暖。燃烧煤、石油和木材所产生的二氧化碳等气体，连同工业污染，正在为地球披上一件温暖的毛毯，将热量圈在了大气层里（亦即“温室效应”），使地球的温度随之上升（全球变暖）。

世界气候不断变换的统计数据也可以证明全球在不断变暖。上个十年中的八年，欧洲经历了历史性的高温天气。对北欧来说，这大体上算是个好的变化。在英国，虽然伦敦也许再也不会有“白色圣诞节”了，但园丁们可以种植一些热带的植物。另一方面，地中海沿岸的国家，还有撒哈拉沙漠南部的国家，这些地方的降雨量越来越少。在亚撒哈拉非洲地区，地里的庄稼快旱死了，人也就要饿死了。在美洲，天气正经历极端的变化——夏天变得越来越热，风暴也变得更加得猛烈。1999年，一系列毁灭性的飓风席卷了美国南部；而1999年年底，委内瑞拉却正经历着有史以来最为严重的一次洪灾。如果全球变暖不能得到遏制的话，气象专家预计这种情况将不断发生，而且会变得更加糟糕。

除了不断上升的全球温度和更多的极端天气条件，科学家们密切监控全球海平面的情况。随着南北极冰层开始融化，海平面缓缓上升，太平洋的珊瑚岛国等沿海低地国家将面临严峻的考验。每年，孟加拉国的恒河入海口都会发生洪灾，该地区总有一部分会消失在涨潮的海水下面。

最新的研究表明，全球变暖的一个矛盾的特征就是：最终它可能引发一段长期冰冷的天气。这至少会发生在欧洲。基于8300年前上一次全球性变暖后发生的一切，科学家得出了这个结论。他们发现北极冰层融化的冰水在加拿大北部地区形成了一个巨大的湖泊。而随着更多的冰层消融开来，这个湖将突发性的蔓延，届时将有上百万吨冰冷的水流进入北大西洋。巨大的水量将阻碍正常的大西洋洋流，使其不能把热带的海水带往欧洲北部。如果这种温热海水的流动受到阻隔，未来200年内欧洲的气温将降低3-8摄氏度。科学家们相信，如果格陵兰冰层发生消融，类似的事情会在下个世纪发生。“基本上，这就是我们所关注的。8000年来，气候没有发生大的变化，但8000年前的巨大变化将再次发生。”美国气象专家理查德·艾雷如此说道。

Industry and the Environment

Do you recycle your newspapers? Do you always take shopping bag with you when you go shopping, so that t he shop doesn?t waste plastic bags? If so, then you are a “Green” you are “environmentally conscious”. That means that you are aware that human beings are using up the resources of the world too fast-and that to conserve the world?s resources, we must “think green”. Consumers all over the world are increasingly beginning to realize the need to buy “green products”-products that are economically and harmlessly produced, and harmlessly produced, and harmlessly disposed of after use. There are also campaigns to encourage people to recycle glass, paper, plastic and metal. As a result of such campaigns, fewer resources are being wasted.

However, one thing is clear: without the cooperation of industry-big business-the world will not grow cleaner. For it is industry that turns raw materials into consumer products. Using modern technology, industry can create environmental disorder and confusion, wasting raw materials, and polluting the earth.

There are signs that industry is becoming increasingly aware of power to preserve, or destroy, the environment. Industry has for some time tried to use natural resources more economically. For example, power stations have become much more efficient. As a result, they have become less wasteful in their use of resources.

However, in recent years, industry has come to worry much more about controlling the amount of pollution during production. Responsible companies are trying to reduce the amount of air pollution. Apart from releasing harmful gases, other problems include the discharge of heavy metals into rivers and the sea, and the difficulty of finding enough space to dispose safely of the world?s rubbish.

Industry?s task now is find ways to reduce or eliminate forms of pollution. Increasingly the world will need products that, during their lifetime, do minimal damage to the planet, and that, at the end of their lives, can either be safely disposed of, or recycled-put to new uses. So, companies are now trying to ensure that rubbish is disposed of safely, or recycled where possible.

Why should any company start this revolution? There are many pressures for change: customers? tastes change, as the consumer starts to “think green”. Customers vote with their wallets and purses, as they question what products involve poisonous gases in their manufacture, and what products are biologically harmful during their use, and after their useful lift comes to an end.

More relevant perhaps in the long run, customers also have an influence on government: governments are now imposing stronger regulations on industry, and heavier penalties for polluting. Governments can make new laws about chemical discharges, tax the use of raw materials, and punish companies for polluting accidents. In short, society will and must demand cleaner and less wasteful industrial processes, cleaner products, and cleaner ways of disposing of these products, or recycling them.

To develop these processes, and invent cleaner products, will call whole new types of technology. The change many well be enormous. What d fortune awaits the company that invents, say, a way of transporting people rapidly, safely and quietly, without discharging nasty gases, in a container that melts into the earth as soon as it reaches the end of its long life! The great engineering projects of the next century will not be civil engineering of dams or bridges, but the bio-engineering of sewage works and garbage dumps. The star scientists will be those who find cheaper ways to dispose of plastics, or to clean up polluted soil. For far-sighted companies, the environment may turn out to be the biggest opportunity for enterprise and invention the industrial world has seen.

Select the most appropriate answer for each of the following questions.

11.According to the first paragraph, “Green” are people who________________.

a)classify waste before disposing of it

b)only buy agricultural products produced in greenhouses

c)avoid using plastic shopping bags

d)know that the world?s resources are not limitless

12.An important factor in the preservation of environment is _______________.

a)the cooperation of industry

b)consumers? choice of goods

c)increased government control over industry

d)proper guidance on waste disposal

13.When “Customers vote with their wallets and purses,” it mean they

can________________.

a)influence the election of government officials

b)can ask questions about the kind of materials used by industry

c)refuse to buy biologically harmful products

d)put pressure on industry by only buying clean products

14.There is a great future for companies that can__________________.

a)find a cheap way to transport people quickly and safely

b)develop the technology needed for protecting the environment

c)avoid the occurrence of polluting accidents

d)ensure the safe disposal of industrial waste

15.In the next century, the task of important engineering projects will be to

_________________.

a)find environmentally safe ways to treat waste water

b)develop transportation systems that do not pollute the air

c)find ways to deal with waste using biological processes

d)plan and construct bridges and dams

参考译文：

工业与环境

你回收利用报纸吗？每次去购物时，为了不浪费塑料袋，你都会带购物袋吗？如果你回答“是”，那么你就是一名“绿色”人，具备“环保意识”，表示你明白世界资源就快被人类挥霍殆尽了，也表示为了保护世界资源，我们必须拥有“绿色思维”。越来越多的消费者开始意识到，要采购“绿色产品”，亦即那些通过经济无害的方式生产的产品。这些产品使用后可以降解，而且没有危害。也有很多游行集会鼓励人们回收玻璃、纸张、塑料、还有金属。通过游行集会，浪费资源的现象几乎没有了。

然而，有一件事是显而易见的：缺少了工业领域的配合，尤其是缺少大公司的支持，世界的污染会变得更加严重。因为，通过工业领域，原始资源变为了消费性产品。而工业中采用的现代科技，会造成环境紊乱、资源浪费和土壤污染。

有迹象表明工业领域已经逐渐意识到其在保护环境、或毁坏环境当中的作用，开始试行采取一些更加经济的、使用自然资源的方法。例如，发电厂比以往效率更高，资源浪费也随之减少。

但近几年来，如何在生产过程中控制污染量，引起工业领域的大量关注。有社会责任感的公司正努力降低对大气污染。而需要解决的问题除了降低有害气体的排放，其他还包括重金属的在河海中的排放，以及全球垃圾处理空间不足的困境等。

目前，工业的任务是找到能消除或降低不同污染形式的方法。人们日益需要那些在使用中对地球破坏最小，使用完毕后又可以安全处理或者回收再利用的产品。因此，很多公司正努力确保产品垃圾可以安全地处理，或者回收利用。

为什么一定要有公司开始这项革命？变革的压力很多：由于顾客开始进行“绿色思维”，顾客需求就发生了变化。他们会问什么样的产品在生产过程中涉及到有毒气体？什么样的产品在使用过程中和使用结束后有生化危害？这样顾客在购买产品时，可以用是否购买进行投票选择。

相应的长期看来，政府会受到顾客的影响：对工业采取更加严格的规定，对污染采取更高的处罚；针对化工排放制定新的法规，针对原始资源的使用进行征税，针对污染事件涉及的公司进行惩罚等等。总之，一个更加清洁、浪费更少的生产加工流程，没有污染的产品，以及更为彻底地处理和回收利用这些产品的方式方法，对全社会来说是必要的，也是一定要做到的。

为了开发这一生产流程，发明无污染的产品，需要全新的技术模式。也许会发生巨大的变革。如果一家公司开发出一种新型的客运方式，快速、安全而且没有噪音，也不会产生难闻的气体，运输装置又可以在寿命终止时溶入土壤，想想这将为这家公司产生多大的效益！下个世纪最大的项目将不再是大坝或桥梁的建设，而是污水排放和垃圾清倒的生化处理。谁能找到塑料处理的廉价方式，或者受污染的土壤清洁方法，谁将是下个世纪的科学之星。那些有远见的公司，会把环境保护看作工业世界产生以来企业发展和技术创新的巨大商机。

Women in the workforce

Throughout the world, in nations rich and poor, more and more women are taking up work outside the home. In the developed nations of Europe and North America, the percentage of women that make up the total workforce has more than doubled over the past four decades. This trend towards more and more women joining the workforce is seen clearly in the recent experience of Britain, where women now make up almost half the country's workforce. According to a recent report from the British research service, Jobs Research UK, there are two reasons for the great rise among women entering the workforce in Britain over the past decade: The first, and major, reason for this is that unemployment rose more quickly among men during the last time the economy was at a low; the second reason is that the number of women working in service jobs has increased greatly.

According to Incomes Data Services (IDS), Britain appears to be fast approaching a point when there will be as many women employees as men, although half the women are in part-time employment. The IDS predicted that in the coming months job losses were more likely to continue to affect more full-time male workers than the mostly female part-time workers.

''If these trends continue, then economic recovery is likely to quicken the move toward a much larger part-time female workforce, employed chiefly in the service sector,'' the report said.

These trends are not limited to the UK alone. Throughout Europe and North America, and increasingly even in Japan, the percentage of female workers in the workforce is steadily increasing, while the percentage of male workers continues to fall. Because the jobs taken up by women are chiefly service sector jobs and because many are part-time positions, the results of this trend are clear. Family incomes will stay frozen and even fall throughout most of the developed world. As high-paying manufacturing jobs become more difficult to find and with companies moving production to cheaper markets in developing nations in Asia, Latin America and Africa, unemployment among men in developed nations will rise further, in many countries to ten per cent or more. How these changes in the workforce of Britain and other developed nations affect national policies, social development and family relations are important questions that researchers will be seeking to answer over the coming decade.

参考译文：

职场女性

在全世界，不论国家发达与否，越来越多的女性出门在外工作。在欧洲和北美发达国家，职场中女性的比重在过去的40年间增加了2倍多。越来越多的女性加入了职场的大军，而英国近期发生的事情证明了这一点。目前，英国女性职员占全国职工总数的近一半。根据英国研究服务部门——大英工作研究机构的一项报告，在过去的20年间，大量妇女外出工作的原因有两点：第一，上次经济低迷时期，男性的失业率快速上升，这也是重要的一个原因。第二，服务岗位的女性人数大幅度上升。

据收入数据服务中心（IDS）公布，英国将在短期内达到男女职员人数一致，虽然这其中有半数的女性都从事兼职性工作。IDS预测，在未来的几个月里，失业很可能持续影响更多的全职男性职员，而非大多数兼职的女性职员。

该报告称：“如果这一情况持续下去，经济复苏将有可能加速促使出现更多的女性就业者，主要在服务领域做兼职。”

这一趋势并不单单发生在英国。欧洲和北美全境，甚至在日本，女性职员的比例稳步增长，而男性职员的比例持续下降。由于服务领域的工作大多被女性占据，而且多为兼职性工作，这一趋势的结果显而易见。发达国家的家庭收入将不再增长，甚至可能下滑。随着高收入的制造业岗位越来越少，制造产业向亚洲、拉丁美洲和非洲等发展中国家的低成本市场转移，发达国家的男性失业人数将进一步增加，多数国家将高达10%，甚至更多。英国和其他发达国家的这一职工变化，将对其国家政策、社会发展和家庭关系带来怎样的变化，这是需要研究人员未来10年寻求解答的重要问题。