定语从句用法总结

定语从句用法总结
定语从句用法总结

定语从句用法

一.定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句:修饰某一句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被修饰的词称为先行词。

2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二.关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year

rises one million.

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

1. 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.

(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talk-ed about.

(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

2.关系代词前的介词的选择

* 由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要。

(1) The speed at which light travels is 300,000 km per second. (at the speed of …以…速度)

(2) The reason for which he didn’t come to school was that he was ill. (for a certain reason 由于某种原因)

* 介词可能是从句短语动词的一个固定部分或固定搭配

(3) Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (be afraid of 害怕)

(4) This is the teacher from whom I borrowed the book. (borrow from…从…借入

注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等

(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

四.关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got together finally came.

2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意:1.关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

2.当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时,如果在从句中不是作状语时,不可用关系副词引导。

(1)The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.

(2)They make me think of the happy days (that/which) we spent together.

(3)Is this factory the one (that/which) they visited the day before yester- day.

(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.

(2) China is a country which has a long history.

非限制性定语从句举例:

(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1) His brother who is now a doctor always to college.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)

(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)

难点分析

(一)定语从句中的几个特殊的用法

一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

二)注意用which不用that的情况

1.在非限制性定语从句中

(1)She made great progress and won a prize, which gave us a surprise.

2.在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,必须用which.

(1) This is the knife with which John hurt somebody.

3.当关系词后面有插入语时

(1) Here is the ALD which, as I have told you, is a great help to you.

三)在下列情况下,只许用关系代词who,而不用that:

1.先行词为those, one, ones, anyone, people等时

(1) Those who are from Qingdao come this way.

2.当先行词后有较长的后置定语时,或定语从句被分隔时。

(1)A teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

3.当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代词时,关系代词多用who

(1) Is there anybody else who should be invited.

4.当先行词是集体名词时,如果着眼于集体,使用that/which;如果着眼于个体,则使用who

(1)Our team, which took the second place last year, played better this year.

(2)Our team, who are all under the age of twenty, will do well in the final match.

(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是:

1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子或句子的一部分。

(1) He married her, as/which was natural.

(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

2. as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句.另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思,后边的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,意为“这一点”。

(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.

(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.

注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as

(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意:当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同,用that时表示先行词与关系词所指的是同一物体,而用as则指的是相似但却不是同一物。

(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

4.当非限制性定语从句为否定句时,常用which引导。

(1)Mr Zhang usually criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn’t like at all.

5.当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时,常用which引导。

(1) Little Bob always tells a lie, which his parents find strange.

6.当as在从句中作主语时,后面的谓语动词常常使用被动语态,如果从句中是主动语态,一般多使用which

(1) She has been late again, as was expected.

(2) Tom great progress in Chinese, which made us delighted.

(三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略。

(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )

(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系

(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句

(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句

2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分 (1) The news he told me is true.

(2) The news that he has just died is true.

(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定语

(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以

(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语

(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

(新)高中英语语法定语从句总结全

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中考定语从句完整归纳

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定语从句讲解总结

定语从句讲解总结 Prepared on 24 November 2020

定语从句讲解 一.定语从句 1.注意英汉差异:汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语则不然,是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面, 如:①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy 是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面, 如:③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。 ④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。 ⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。 2.分清主句与从句,看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。 如上面第5:主句:He is the man 从句:who you are looking for 在从句中,looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首,便是定语从句。 3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略,故第5题可以写成: He is the man you are looking for. 二.定语从句(从句部分) 1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语 2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 (1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词, 如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。 数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。 (2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点: ①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit(them)in China. 4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词:which, that, who, whom, whose, as。 关系副词:when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 5、确定关系词的步骤 (1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。 (2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 一.关系代词which的用法 1.English is a language.

定语从句用法归纳完整版

定语从句用法归纳标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]

定语从句用法归纳 篇一:定语从句的用法一、定语从句的有关概念所谓定语从句,就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句,首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念,它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时,定语从句通常是后置的,所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 那什么是关系词呢其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上,英语中的各类从句,不管性质如何,它们都需要有一个词来“引导”,正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样,人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字,叫它关系词,因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,以表明两者之间的修饰关系,同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系 为了更好地理解定语从句,我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前,我们先来看看关系词有哪些。根据关系词在定语从句中的作用,我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等,英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。类似地,关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当状语等,英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个,即when, where和why。许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊,关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单,简单得可以划一个等号。因为,关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词,它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解,下面我们来看几个例子吧。I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词,who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句;在定语从句中,who是关系词,它在定语从句中用作主语,从意义上说,它在

(完整word版)英语定语从句用法详解

英语定语从句用法详解 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如: The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意: (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。如:He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that,如:I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如: The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等,如: All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰,如 I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时,如: They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who时,为避免重复,如:Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句,如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

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