重点 2012年职称英语卫生类A级新增文章-阅读理解&完形填空

二、2012年教材新增文章

（一）阅读理解

1.第八篇：Eat Healthy

2.*第十九篇：Prolonging Human Life

3.*第二十四篇：Sleep Lets Brain File Memories

4.+第三十四篇：Who Wants to Live Forever?

5.+第四十篇：Some People Do Not Taste Taste Salt Like Others

（二）完形填空

1.第二篇：Going on a diet

2.*第八篇：Old And Active

3.+第十二篇：Dreams

4.+第十四篇：A Health Profile

5.+第十五篇：Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Y ears

第八篇Eat Healthy

"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow. According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little. Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.

Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.

It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.

第十九篇Prolonging Human Life

Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.

Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare" if they have a serious illness.

When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems

for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.

*第二十四篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories

To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes a nd stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.

Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University5 and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from6 the somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.

Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New Y ork University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered11 recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.

"Our study suggests that this impairment12 may contribute to the memory deficits13 that occur as people age." Convit says. "And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.14" Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check15, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

第三十四篇Who Want to Live Forever?

If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?

The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.

"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."

Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will we get as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."

It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?

Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.

Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.

On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?

Y oung people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.

And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Y oung people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Y oung people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Y oung people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything. The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. " If this could ever happen，then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get，" says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."

词汇:

mice / mais / n. 老鼠(复数) sibling / 'sibli? / n. 兄弟姐妹bioethicist // n. 生物伦理学家

注释:

1. brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹

2. We had better not go anywhere near it 我们最好离它远点，这里的it指代前面讲的anti-ageing technology.

练习:

1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?

A．Spending more time with his family.

B．Having more education.

C．Realizing more dreams.

D．Working longer.

2. Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?

A Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.

B More and more people in the US today want to get married.

C Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.

D If people live longer ，they would stay in marriage longer.

3. All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT

A Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.

B More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.

C The job market would be more competitive.

D It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.

4. An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that

A．it places more emphasis on educating the young.

B．it is both wise and energetic.

C．it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.

D．it welcomes changes.

5. Which of the following best describes Callahan's attitude to anti-ageing technology ?

A． Optimistic B． Pessimistic C．Reserved .D．Negative.

答案与题解：

1. B 长寿使个人能做的事主要在第三、四段里讲到，作者没有提到长寿可以让人更多地接受教育。

2. A本题答案以下面的这两句话为依据:People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. 暗示美国人目前的婚姻关系已经十分脆弱。

3. B 文章的第九段讲了寿命延长、退休推迟可能带来的种种问题，但作者没有提到雇佣者需要更多的钱来支付员工的工资。

4. C 答案可以在第十、十一这两段里找到。

5. C 本题的答案依据可以在最后一段里找到。Callahan 认为在搞清楚长寿社会会给我们带来哪些问题之前，最好不要急着搞抗衰老的技术。可见他对抗衰老技术的发展是有保留的。

+第四十篇 Some People Do Not T aste Salt Like Others

Low—salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciencesl food scientist．The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat．

Those conclusions are important because recent，well—publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science，who was lead investigator4 0n the study．Diets high in salt Can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke．That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat．This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption．The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions，spread out over weeks5．Test subjects were 45：men and 42 women, reportedly healthy，ranging in age from 20 t0 40 years．The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes．They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind．

“Most of us like the taste of salt．However，some individuals eat more salt，both because they like the taste of saltiness more，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,”said Hayes. “Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”

However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese，Hayes noted．“For example，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt，”he said．“A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6．”

Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals．As a result，Hayes explained，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color．

“Some people，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter，while others，called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter．”he said．“Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertastin7 is not limited to bitterness．

词汇：

Publicize v．引起公众对…的注意；(用广告)宣传

Dietary adj．饮食的；规定食物的

Ferment v．(使)发酵

Geneticist n．遗传学家

Acuity n．敏锐；尖锐

注释：

1．Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences：即Penn State University--College of Agricultural Sciences宾州州立大学农学院。Penn是Pennsylvania的缩写，是美国宾夕法尼亚州名。宾州州立大学建于1855年：在全国共有24个分校。在句中，Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences用作定语，修饰food scientist。

2．Well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food：大力宣传减少食物含盐量的做法

3．1eft many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others：使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。fare相当于food。

4．1ead investigator：研发项目负责人

5．…carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods as soup and chips．on multiple occasion，spread out over weeks：……经过仔细筛选的实验参与者，他们在几周内的不同时间里品尝了汤和薯条等含盐食物。

6．too pronounced：此处pronounced为形容词，意为very noticeable，conspicuous(明显的，显著的)。7．supertasting：超重味感

练习：

1．In paragraph 2，John Hayes points out that

A．it is good to health to eat food without salt．

B．many people reject low—salt food completely．

C．many people accept low—salt tasteless food reluctantly

D．food with reduced salt tastes better．

2．The fourth paragraph describes briefly

A．how to select subjects and what to do in the research．

B．how to identify supertasters and nontasters．

C．why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons．

D．why to select more male subjects than female ones．

3. The article argues that supertasters

A．1ike the；taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food．

B．1ike snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor．

C．consume less salt because they don t like intensive tastes．

D．1ike to share salty cheese with nontasters．

4. Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?

A．They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness．

B．They like high．salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste．

C．They prefer high—salt cheese．which tastes less bitter．．

D. They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health．

5. What message do the last two paragraphs carry?

A．Taste acuity is genetically determined．

B．Taste acuity is developed over time after birth．

C．Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color．

D．Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science．

答案与题解：

1．C 根据短文的第二段内容，很多人因为食物中的含盐量降低，所以必须做出很大努力(struggling)去适应，而低盐食物对于他们来说，口味很不好(fare that simply does not

taste…good to them)。选项C有accept reluctantly(勉强接受)表达了这层意思，所以是正确的选择。A、B、D三个选项均是错误的。

2．A第四段介绍了科学家是如何设计这项研究的，它包含了研究对象的人数、性别、人选条件、咸度味感分级表等。选项A概括了这方面的内容，所以是答案。而选项B、C、D所述内容均不符合该段的意思。

3．B 短文的第五段提供了答案o supertaster在这里的意思是：口味重的人，在本文中，nontaster是其反义词，即，口味清谈的人。该段告诉我们，口味重的人消耗更多的盐；因为快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味，而且咸度越高，口味越好，所以口味重的人对快餐较为偏爱。选项B表达了上述内容，所以是答案。

4．C 短文第六段提供了答案。该段告诉我们，奶酪发酵会产生苦味，supertasters不喜欢苦味，而高含盐量可以盖住奶酪里的昔味，这是他们偏爱高盐奶酪的原因。所以，只有C是正确选择。

5．A文章第七段中，Hayes引用了75年前一位遗传学专家的实验。从这项实验中，Hayes得出的结论是，Taste acuity(味觉敏度)上的差异与他们头发和眼睛的颜色上的差异是同一类现象，也就是说，都是与生俱来的。第八段又说，这是一种biological difference(生物差异)，所以A是答案。B说味觉敏度是后天形成的，显然与作者的结论相左0℃说味觉敏度的差异与头发和眼睛的颜色上的差异有关，显然是错误的。D的内容在最后两段都没有提到，所以不会是答案。

译文：

咸度味感因人而异

宾州州立大学农学院食品科学家进行的一项研究表明，有些人很难喜欢含盐量低的食物。该研究指出，遗传因素导致我们对咸度的不同喜好。

该研究负责人、食品科学副教授约翰·海斯指出，这些结论非常重要，因为近期对减少食物含盐量的大力宣传使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合自己口味的食物。

含盐量高的饮食会增加高血压和中风的风险，这就是公共健康专家和食品公司共同努力、通过可口的食品帮助消费者减少盐摄入量的原因。该研究使人们更加理解对盐的喜好和摄入的差异。

该研究包括87名经过仔细筛选的参与者，他们在几周的不同时间品尝了汤和薯条等含盐食物。参与者包括45名男性和42名女性，身体健康，年龄在20岁到40岁之间。参与者不会主动改变自己的饮食习惯，且不吸烟。他们通过一种常用的科学量表来区别咸度味感，分为“最轻微味感”到“最强烈味感”等级别。

海斯说，“大部分人都喜欢盐的味道。但是，有些人吃盐较多，这不仅是因为他们更喜欢咸味，也因为他们需要咸味来遮盖食物其他讨厌的味道。口味超重的人比口味清淡的人消耗更多的盐。因为快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味，而且咸度越高，味道越好，所以口味超重的人更喜欢快餐。”

海斯还提到，口味超重的人还需要盐来遮盖奶酪等食物中讨厌的苦味。“例如，奶酪是牛奶味和发酵苦味的完美结合，而盐可以遮盖苦味。口味超重的人不喜欢低盐奶酪，因为苦味太明显了。”

海斯举出了化学家福克斯和遗传学家布雷克斯里75年前进行的研究，该研究表明，人们品尝特定化学制品的能力是不同的。海斯解释说，由此我们知道每个人的味觉敏度是不同的，这一差异和头发眼睛颜色的差异一样正常。

海斯说，“口味超重的人觉得苦味混合物非常之苦，而口味清淡的人会觉得同样的苦味混合物没有味道，或稍微有些苦。对苦味混合物的反应只是确定在食物偏好方面生物差异的众多方法之一，因为口味超重的人不只是对苦味敏感。”咸度味感因人而异

宾州州立大学农学院食品科学家进行的一项研究表明，有些人很难喜欢含盐量低的食物。该研究指出，遗传因素导致我们对咸度的不同喜好。

该研究负责人、食品科学副教授约翰·海斯指出，这些结论非常重要，因为近期对减少食物含盐量的大力宣传使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合自己口味的食物。

含盐量高的饮食会增加高血压和中风的风险，这就是公共健康专家和食品公司共同努力、通过可口的食品帮助消费者减少盐摄入量的原因。该研究使人们更加理解对盐的喜好和摄入的差异。

该研究包括87名经过仔细筛选的参与者，他们在几周的不同时间品尝了汤和薯条等含盐食物。参与者包括45名男性和42名女性，身体健康，年龄在20岁到40岁之间。参与者不会主动改变自己的饮食习惯，且不吸烟。他们通过一种常用的科学量表来区别咸度味感，分为“最轻微味感”到“最强烈味感”等级别。

海斯说，“大部分人都喜欢盐的味道。但是，有些人吃盐较多，这不仅是因为他们更喜欢咸味，也因为他们需要咸味来遮盖食物其他讨厌的味道。口味超重的人比口味清淡的人消耗更多的盐。因为快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味，而且咸度越高，味道越好，所以口味超重的人更喜欢快餐。”

海斯还提到，口味超重的人还需要盐来遮盖奶酪等食物中讨厌的苦味。“例如，奶酪是牛奶味和发酵苦味的完美结合，而盐可以遮盖苦味。口味超重的人不喜欢低盐奶酪，因为苦味太明显了。”

海斯举出了化学家福克斯和遗传学家布雷克斯里75年前进行的研究，该研究表明，人们品尝特定化学制品的能力是不同的。海斯解释说，由此我们知道每个人的味觉敏度是不同的，这一差异和头发眼睛颜色的差异一样正常。

海斯说，“口味超重的人觉得苦味混合物非常之苦，而口味清淡的人会觉得同样的苦味混合物没有味道，或稍微有些苦。对苦味混合物的反应只是确定在食物偏好方面生物差异的众多方法之一，因为口味超重的人不只是对苦味敏感。”

Going on a diet

A typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 1_______and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating2_______and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 3______weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 4______the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 5______behind going on a diet.

6______，diets don't work for most people. They do lose weight but then 7______ the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to 8______ a consistent weight. Y ou need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 9______ take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can 10______the number of calories you can consume per day.

Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 11______of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can 12______a big difference. Y ou can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 13______ the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 14______. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. 15______clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.

词汇：Calory

typical α. 典型的，有代表性的典型的

calory n. 卡路里

consume v. 消耗，消费，耗尽(燃料、能量、时间等)

sensible α. 明智的，合情理的，切合实际的

consistent α. 一贯的，始终如一的

reminder n. 令人回忆起……的东西，提醒……的东西

accomplish v. 完成，实现，做成功

注释:

1. ...diets don't work for most people . . . :……节食并不是对大多数人都奏效……

2. Y ou can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can…:你可以在看电视的时候骑自行车或者你可以......

练习:

1. A ticking B beating C running D kicking

2. A properly B appropriately C approximately D effectively

3. A adds B increases C gains D puts

4. A cut off B take down C remove D reduce

5. A way B principle C method D kind

6. A Similarly B Though C Unfortunately D Although

7. A go off B go on C go after D go under

8. A getting B measuring C maintaining D reserving

9. A preferably B actually C consistently D eventually

10. A raise B go up C exceed D grow

11. A ways B factors C functions D forms

12. A have B do C make D give

13. A walk B climb C run D take

14. A partner B colleague C associate D friend

15. A Tight B Loose C Casual D Formal

答案与题解:

1. B 从句意来看，本句要说明"体内的热量可以使人的心脏跳动"，所以答案选择beating。tick 是"发出滴答声"或"激怒"；run 是"奔跑" ；kick 是"踢"。只有beat 符合句意。

2. A从句意来看，本句要说明"体内的热量可以使身体的器官正常运转"。Properly 和appropriately 都有"合适的，适当的"之意，但properly 可以表达"正常的、按照一定的规律" 的意思;approximately 是"近似地，大约，大概，近乎";effectively"有效地"。答案选择A。

3. C 选项A) 、B) 、C) 都有"增加"的意思，但只有gain 和weight 搭配使用，才构成"增加体重"的意思。文中原意要表达"一个人增加了体重"。选项D)put 和weight 搭配，没有增加体重的意思。

4. D 选项A)cut off 意为"切割，剪断"等意思;选项B) take down 为"记录、记下";选项C) remove 为"移走、去除";选项D)reduce 为"减少、降低"。本句意为"唯一的减肥办法就是减少每天的卡路里的消耗量"，所以答案选择D。

5. B 本句要表达节食的基本原则是上文所述的"减少每天卡路里的消耗量"。答案A)way和C)method 是"方式、方法"的意思。选项D) kind 作为名词是"类别"的意思，不符合题意。答案为B) principle"原则"。

6. C 本句要表达的意思是" 遗憾的是，节食对于大多数人的减肥并不奏效"。选项A)Similarly 为"相似地";选项B) Though 为"虽然";选项C) Unfortunately 为"遗憾地、不幸地";选项D)Although 为连词"虽然"。只有 C 符合句意。

7. A本句要表达的意思是"他们体重下降了，就放弃节食，结果体重又上升了"。选项A)go off 为"离开、消失、中断";选项B) go on 为"继续";选项C) go after 为"追逐、追求";选项D)go under 为"沉落、失败"。只有A符合句意。

8. C 本句意为"建立一个切实可行的节食和锻炼计划是保持体重的关键"。选项A) getting为"获得、得到";选项 B ) measuring 为"测量";选项C) maintaining 为"保持、维持";选项D) reserving 为"保留、储藏"。只有C符合句意。

9. B 本句意为"你需要计算出你每天需要的和实际摄入的卡路里"。选项A) preferably 为"更好地";选项B) actually"实际上";C) consistently 为"一贯地";选项D) eventually 为"终于、最后"。只有选项 B 符合句意。

10. A本句意为"你可以增加运动以增加每天消耗的热量"。选项A) raise 为"增加";选项B)go up 为"上升"；选项

C)exceed 为"超过、超越"；选项D) grow 为"生长"。只有A符合句意。

11. D 本句意为"运动图表可以向你展示不同形式的运动所要消耗的热量"。选项A)ways 为"方式、方法";选项B) factors 为"因素";选项C) functions 为"功能、职责":选项D)forms为"形式、种类"。只有 D 符合句意。

12. C 本句意为"每天消耗200 或者500 卡路里会是不同的"。选项A、B 和 D 都无法和下文的difference 搭配构成"产生不同"。只有选项C)make 符合句意，表示"导致不同"。

13. B 本句意为"你可以选择爬楼梯而不是乘电梯"。选项A)walk 与stairs 连用可以意为"走上/下楼梯";选项B) climb 与stairs 连用可以意为"爬楼梯";选项C)run 与stairs 连用可以意为"跑上/下楼梯";选项D)take 一般不与stairs 连用。答案为B。

14. A本句意为"找个一起锻炼的伙伴"。选项A) partner 为"伙伴、同伴";选项 B ) colleague为"同事、同行";选项

C ) associate 为"合作者";选项D) friend 为"朋友"。选项A符合句意。

15. A本句承接上文提到的firm-fitting ，要表达"紧身衣可以像一个提醒者一样提醒你要尽力达到的目标"。选项

A)Tight 为"紧身的、紧贴的";选项B) Loose"宽松的、不受约束的";选项C) Casual"随便的，非正式的";选项D)Formal 为"正式的"。选项A符合句意。

Old And Active

It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A recent report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the word. A health long life is the result of the improvement in social environment.

Scientists are trying to work out exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be learnt from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we make any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in the Japanese diet that is particularly beneficial to the human body?

Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate. Although longer life should be celebrate, it is actually considered a social problem. The number of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs. The country could soon be facing an

economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked after, and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.

Raising the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to problem. Work can give the elderly a sense of responsibility and mission in life. It’s important that the el derly play active roles in society and live in harmony with all generations.

第十二篇Dreams

Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those who 1 thatthey never dream at all actually dream 2 as frequently as the rest of us, 3they may not remember anything about it．Even those ofus who are perfectly 4 of dreaming night 5 night very seldom remember thosedreams in 6 detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelatedimpressions. Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our 7 , so that weappear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．

One of the world'soldest 8 written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can 9 thatdreams were believed to have a special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that you 10 never ask a sleepingperson as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able toreturn 11 time if the sleeper were suddenly 12 .

From ancient times tothe present 13 ,people have been 14 attempts to interpret dreams and to explaintheir significance．There are many books available onthe subject of dream interpretation．althoughunfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream 15 thereare books．

词汇：

Frequently /'fri:kw?ntli/ adv. 时常，屡次；频繁地，经常地

Significance/significance / n. 重要性，意义

civilization /,sivilai'zei??n, / n. 文明，文化

interpret /in't?:prit / vt. 解释，说明口译

interpretation /in,t?:pri'tei??n / n. 解释，口译

seldom/ 'seld?m /adv. 很少，不常

retain/ ri'tein / vt.保持；雇；记住

注释:

1. . . . very seldom remember those dreams in detail but merely retain an untidy mixture... . . but.. 不……而是……

2. From ancient times to the present...从古至今……

练习：

1. A demand B promise C agree D claim

2. A also B just C only D quite

3. A though B besides C however D despite

4. A familiar B accustomed C aware D used

5. A after B on C through D over

6. A great B high C strong D deep

7. A feelings B emotions C impressions D senses

8. A considered B known C regarded D estimated

9. A see B feel Censure D think

10. A would B ought C should D need

11. A by B in C with D for

12. A awoke B awoken C awake D awaken

13. A minute B hour C moment D day

14. A doing B putting C making D taking

15. A as B like C so D such

第十四篇A health Profile

A health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health. To draw your health profile, you will___(1)what diseases run in your family, what health hazards you may be exposed to___(2)work, how your daily___(3)compares to the recommended standards, how much time per week you___(4)exercising and what type of exercise you engage___(5), how stressful your work and family environments are, what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and___(6)or not you have any one of a number of addictions.___(7)this portrait, your should have a checkup to determine how your blood, heart, and lungs are functioning. This checkup will serve___(8)a baseline, to which you can then compare later tests.

___(9) this profile is thoroughly drawn. you can begin to think about setting health priorities based___(10)your particular portrait. For example, if you drink two martinis every evening, have a high-stress___(11), are overweight, smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first, followed___(12)losing the excess weight, reducing the stress of your job. giving up your marihuana habit, and then finally giving some___(13)to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease. Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life, who is___(14)excellent health, a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will___(15)him in the future.

1. A. know B. have known C. need know D. need to know

2. A. with B. in C. on D. at

3. A. diet B. meals C. food D. dinner

4. A. use B. devote C. spend D. take

5. A. on B. in C. with D. about

6. A. if B. whether C. either D. neither

7. A. To complete B. Completing C. Completion D. To be completed

8. A. as B. for C. on D. about

9. A. Unless B. Once C. If D. Although

10. A. around B. with C. about D. on

11. A. work B. task C. job D. place

12. A. on B. with C. after D. by

13. A. thought B. idea C. thinking D. talk

14. A. for B. in C. with D. on

15. A. reap B. harvest C. benefit D. lead

答案：D D A C B B A A B D C D A B C

+第十五篇Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Y ears

A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these _____l_____ are rising all the time. What has brought _____2_____ these changes? When we look at the life_____3_____of people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatest_____4_____of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and often _____3_____ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.

In the_____6_____world these diseases are far_____7_____today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of_____8_____have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which_____9_____bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations_____l0_____common diseases._____11_____, people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.

Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 but_____l2_____people do live longer today, there

are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those_____l3_____by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect_____l4_____people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity_____l5_____more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.

The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases"，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.

词汇：

Expectancy n．预期

Acute aaj．(疾病)急性的Infectious adj．传染性的Smallpox n.天花

Sanitation n．环境卫生

Hygiene n．个人卫生

Antibiotic n．抗生素

Bacterial adj．细菌性的

V accination n．种痘，接种Preserve vt．保藏，防止(食物)腐烂Nutrition n．营养Chronic aaj．(疾病)慢性的Stroke n．中风

Virus n．病毒

Influenza n．流行性感冒Trend n．趋势，倾向Obesity n．肥胖Diabetes n．糖尿病

Halt vt．使．．．停止

注释：

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)：艾滋病，后天性免疫缺乏综合症

练习：，

1． A ages B years C lives D countries 2． A in B about C to D with 3． A length B time C duration D span 4． A people B killers C invention D nation 5． A more B less C high D highly 6． A developed B less developed C undeveloped D developing 7． A more deadly B deadly C 1ess deadly D fatal

8． A improvements B factors C jobs D measures 9． A makes B causes C make D from 10．A against B for C to D cause 11．A And B Therefore C In addition D Nevertheless 12．A when B yet C however D while 13．A spread B affected C produced D created 14．A poor B weak C older D young 15．A and B leading to C from D with