英文及翻译土木基础筏板及基础梁分项工程施工方案 精品
Foundation raft the plank and the foundation beam item engineering start construction project
1, General situation and main engineering measure:
This engineering foundation design has a beam type the raft plank the foundation for reinforcing bar Mao.The raft plank flat surface presents a "L" form, raft plank thick 550 mms, the width 22.16 ms, thing to the length 44.36 ms, the south is northern toward the length 82.78 ms.The foundation beam cuts the noodles size as 400 ×s 600 mms.The Mao marks the number as C25, the total square measures for the 1310 ms 3, the reinforcing bar used measures 150 Ts.At 16-18 stalk closes to 18 and stays and has a 1 m the breadth of run-through after sprinkle and take, after sprinkle and take Mao and need corpus completion of work empress then sprinkle and build.
2, Start construction deployment and main construction project:
Template engineering the workload is small, start construction simple, so take no account of dividing the line a construction segment, whole is a construction segment;Reinforcing bar and Mao sprinkle to build engineering, hereafter sprinkle to take to is divided into two construction segments for boundary, organize a simple flowing water construction.The reinforcing bar engineering starts construction first 1-16 stalks(I segment), sprinkle to build Mao after check, concealed examination accepted qualified.At sprinkle to build a Mao to continue at the same time colligation 18-58 stalks(II segment) reinforcing bar, sprinkle to build a Mao in a row after check, concealed examination accepted qualified.(The I segment Mao measures about is a 660 ms 3, II segment Mao about is a 650 ms 3).Main construction method is as follows:
1.Template engineering
(1)Template adoption already set combination steel template, the U type wreath links.Mat level after cleaning off, first the cent segment puts together to pack, the template puts together to brush a good insulation first before packing.(The insulation mainly uses an engine oil).The main specification of outer circle side template is 1500 ×s 300 mmses, 1200 ×s 300 mmses, 900 ×s 300 mmses and 600 ×ses 300 mms.The template props up on the Mao mat layer of lower part, the level props up to pay with the short pillar, and wood Xie...etc. of steel pipe and circle wood at on all sides the radicle pit side wall up.The foundation beam upper part compares the 50 mm side mold of raft plank noodles high to put together to pack with the 100 mm breadth combination steel template and use wire Ning tight, in the center prop up with mat piece or reinforcing bar head to promise the piece of beam noodles size.The template side fluently keeps pulling wires a little bit just, stalk line, cut noodles size according to mat layer up of play a line check more positive.The template after reinforcing the examination completion uses a level instrument to settle an elevation and flick Mao open on the template noodles top surface even line.Be control the basis of Mao elevation.
(2)In order to dismantle the propping up of template tube, and wood Xie...etc. first the sequence of mold, loose conjunction piece, then dismantle template, clean up, the classification returns a heap.Dismantle before the mold Mao to want to attain certain strength, promise don't damage sharp angle while dismantling a mold.
2.Reinforcing bar engineering
(1)Reinforcing bar's pressing the model number, specification classification to add a mat wood is piled and overaly plastics to organize a defence rain snow.
(2)The dish I class reinforcing bar adopts a cold method for pulling to adjust to keep, cold pull
a rate control at 4% in.
(3)For be subjected to dint reinforcing bar, the I class reinforcing bar bitter end(include to used to the I class reinforcing bar of distributing the reinforcing bar) does 180 degrees curved hook, curved the diameter inside the Hu be no smaller than a 2.5 ds, the straight and even segment length of curved empress is no smaller than 3 ds.The II class reinforcing bar is design to request that when doing 90 degrees or 135 degrees is curved to hook bend the diameter inside the Hu be no smaller than 5 ds.For don't weld to close Jin bitter end to make 135 degrees curved hook, bend diameter inside the Hu in addition to being no smaller than a 2.5 ds still don't should be smaller than to be subjected to the dint Zong Jin diameter inside the hoop path, the straight and even segment length of curved empress is no smaller than 10 ds.
(4)Before reinforcing bar colligation starts construction, establish in the radicle pit cami Gao about the simple warm Peng with 4 ms with cover rain snow and keep radicle pit air temperature, avoid a mat layer Mao suffering jelly to harm in the reinforcing bar colligation period.Sign pillar to use ф 50 steel pipes, is apart from for the 3.0 ms, the coping maneuvers toward the even pole is respectively? 50 steel pipes, the tube mesh size constituting is 1.5 ×s 1.5 mses, its top spreads wooden board, square steel pipe etc., reply colourful on the wooden board cloth, then full spread grass Lian.Illuminate to use a common incandescent lamp bubble inside the Peng, establish a two rows and to be apart from 5 ms.
(5)The colligation process of foundation beam and raft plank Jin:
Play line →lengthways beam Jin colligation, take seat →raft plank lengthways bottom layer Jin decoration →horizontal beam Jin colligation, take seat →raft plank horizontal bottom layer Jin decoration →the raft plank bottom layer net slice colligation →prop up Ma Deng Jin to set out →raft plank horizontal upper level Jin decoration →raft plank lengthways upper level Jin decoration →the raft plank upper level net slice colligation.Make to check completely to the template and basic before the reinforcing bar colligation, , the miscellaneous articles or objects in the homework noodles, float soil, and sawdust...etc. should clean off.Reinforcing bar net slice the Jin used the color of differing from the stalk line and template line while playing position line is opened with distinction.Beam physique colligation use simple Ma Deng to make a support.Concretely hold a step for:Press to compute a good amount to put hoop Jin →wear a lord Jin →painting the hoop Jin position line →colligation framework →withdraw a support to take seat framework.The framework upper part Zong Jin and hoop Jin are proper to button up colligation with the set, the colligation should be firm and good enough, the framework doesn't take place to tilt to one side, loose move.Maneuver the protection layer of the Jin and the raft plank bottom layer Jin that is ex- and wants good beam of mat toward the beam physique's taking seat mat piece, the amount has to be enough.The raft plank net slice adoption horoscope buttons up colligation and mutually hands over to order all colligations, close together hand over the colligation of point of square mutually not proper homology.Top and bottom layer the net slice in the center use Ma Deng Jin to prop up and promise the upper level net a slice the position is accurate, the colligation is firm, have no loose move.
(6)The reinforcing bar deals with contact a form and is subjected to dint Jin and distributes a Jin adoption inside the raft plank colligation to take to answer and take to connect position and take to connect length to request according to the design.The foundation the Zong Jin adoption one side(is two-sided) takes to connect to give or get an electric shock Hu Han and welds to deal with contact position and Han to sew length to press design and norm request and weld to try the piece requests to detain according to the norm, experiment.
2.Mao engineering
(1)Adoption the spot the machine mix blend, the Mao transport pump to pump to send of project.Consider the winter expects to start construction, and want the influence that can effectively keep continuous snowfall from sprinkling to the Mao to build a construction, the Mao winter expects to start construction to adopt comprehensive Xu to be hot, the Mao Chan in addition, assist to start construction with the warm Peng a method.
(2)?Match with ratio of try to go together with to press the request that the pump sends, collapse to fall a degree to attain a 150-180 mms, the cement chooses sour brine mire of common Huo 32.5 numbers, sand is medium sand, the pebble is a 5-25 mm grain path crushed stones, the in addition chooses a Mao pump to send antifreeze, early strong reduce water of type.Mix to match water as tap water.The Mao makes sure after matching with the ratio from the spot the original material sampling send to laboratory to try to go together with that the spot starts construction again according to measurement of the thick thin bone anticipates to physically contain amount of water and goes together with to the laboratory than the list to make to adjust.
(3)The sequence sprinkling to build is to sprinkle first to build an I segment, sprinkle to build an II segment behind.Sprinkle the construction building a Mao to fly to is first turned into again from the A30 stalkses 16 to the A1 stalk sprinkle to take a side behind;Sprinkle the construction building a Mao to fly to sprinkle to take a side after 58-18.
(4)Sprinkle should attain before the Mao:
①The reinforcing bar has already finished making a concealed examination to accept and meets a design request.
②The Mao transports a pump tube the support have already taken to establish completion, support firm credibility, and promise that the pump tube that prop up piece and its top doesn't press reinforcing bar and template.Support's propping up a tube piece should independently establish, not ability and template support or steel pipe conjunction.
③The Mao mixer burden tries an operation as usual.
④The Mao transports a pump to adjust to try to complete and fill with water to try to press as usual, pump a tube have been already linked, seal completely intact.
⑤Calculate tool such as scale, and set steelyard...etc. through the check check actually and without any error, the Mao agitation fills with amount of water to calculate a machine to try to circulate on board accurate.
⑥The Mao flaps Dao machine through the examination try an operation just.
⑦Cement, sand, stone and in addition the etc. material have already had enough amount of storage on the scene, and have already carried out a good supply outlet, can promise the follow-up supply sprinkled to build construction in a row.
⑧The spot the thick thin bone anticipate physically contain amount of water have been already measuresed and have already adjusted a good construction to match with a ratio.
汉译英翻译方法
汉译英三步骤： 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解，也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的，不是一对一的死译，而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文，要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思，是否有 漏译、错译，译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧： 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda （带贬义） 汉译英选词原则： （1）选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”：audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem（找不到工作就业已 成问题，即失业问题） “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs（没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内） （2）要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. （3）选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。
基础英语(综合教程)2课后句子翻译
Unit1： 1.那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进的技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。（illusion）Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves. 2.在那场大火中，整个古城毁于一旦，但是这块石碑却幸运地保存了下来。（devastate）That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived. 3.他们看了那段录像，听了那位妇女的讲述，心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情。（fill with）The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake. 4.那场大地震中，我们听到过太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生，献出了 自己的生命。（leave behind） In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives. 5.豫园的建造始于1558年，但由于资金短缺时建时停，1578年才建成。（off and on）The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money. 6.1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕士回来。（meet up with） In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned from abroad with a master’s degree. 7.这是我第一次来纽约，但我还是设法找到了那家小公司。（find one’s way to） It was my first visit to New York, but I managed to find my way to the little firm. 8.在电影界要达到顶峰时非常困难的，但是作为一名导演谢晋做到了。（make it） It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry, but as a director Xie Jin did it. U2： 1.如今许多爱慕虚荣的年轻人，尽管还不富裕，但却迷上了漂亮的小汽车。（vain, be obsessed with） Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not rich enough to afford them. 2.当他的婚外恋被妻子发现后，他们的婚姻终于破裂了。（affair, fall apart） Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife. 3.那位艺术家为了获得创作的灵感，在农村住了三年，放弃了生活上的许多享受。 （inspiration, deny oneself something） For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself
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土木工程专业英语翻译
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基础英语2部分课后翻译
Unit1: 1)我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。 It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens. 2)随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际事务。而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。 As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests between nations. 3)我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。但是我们永远不能变得狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。 We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends. 4)信息现在唾手可得。一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。 Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library 5)那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。他们没有任何法律文件能证明他们具备必要的专门技术。 That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They do not have any legal document to certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatres. 6)这些智囊团不作决策。他们力图提出一些对决策者十分有用的新主意和深刻的分析。 These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers. 7)国内生产总值不是一切的。如果人民的生活质量没有真正改善的话，我们国家就并不能说已经现代化了。 The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized unless the quality of our people’s lives is really improved. 8)虽然那时候我们在很多方面都很困难，但作为孩子我们仍然很幸福，因为有干净的空气、水；江河湖泊里有很多鱼、螃蟹、黄 鳝；田野里有花，有树，有鸟。 Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds, and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields. 9)只要给某一个人或某一群人以绝对权力，那这个人或这一群人就肯定会滥用权力，因为正如阿克顿勋爵所说，“权力使人腐败， 绝对权力绝对使人腐败。” Give absolute power to some individual or any particular group of people, and that person or group are sure to abuse that power because, just as Lord Acton says, “Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” 10)在我们国家，传统上都认为，“万般皆下品，惟有读书高”。 Traditionally in our country school education was always said to be more important and useful compared with all other pursuits. Unit2: 11)我跟你说，从各方面考虑，当教师不失为一个好主意。事实上，我认为这个主意好极了。
基础综合英语unit5textB原文及翻译
Finding your true calling 找寻内心真实的呼唤 The very worst use of time in life is to stay for months or years at a job for which you are completely unsuited. However, a great number of people spend their whole lives doing something during the week so that they can somehow find some thing enjoyable to do on the weekend. 人们一生中利用时间最糟糕的莫过于经年累月地从事自己完全不合适的工作。可是，有相当多的人却一生都是如此度过的：工作日内做做事，周末找些乐子。 In every case, these are men and women with very little future before them.They look upon their jobs as a form of drudgery, a penance they have to pay in order to enjoy the rest of their lives. And because of this attitude, they will seldom advance or be promoted. They will stay pretty much at the same level, moving from job to job, and always wondering why other people seem to live the "good life" while they feel they are living lives of quiet desperation. 从各种情况看，这些人的前途黯淡。他们认为自己的工作是沉重的任务，是他们为了享受余生对自己的惩罚。正是由于这种态度，他们很少会有发展或得到提升。他们总是在原地踏步，工作换了一个又一个，
土木工程专业英语原文及翻译
土木工程专业英语原文 及翻译 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
08 级土木(1) 班课程考试试卷 考试科目专业英语 考试时间 学生姓名 所在院系土木学院 任课教师 徐州工程学院印制 Stability of Slopes Introduction Translational slips tend to occur where the adjacent stratum is at a relatively shallow depth below the surface of the slope:the failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slips usually occur where the adjacent stratum is at greater depth，the failure surface consisting of curved and plane sections． In practice, limiting equilibrium methods are used in the analysis of slope stability. It is considered that failure is on the point of occurring along an assumed or a known failure surface．The shear strength required to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium is compared with the available shear strength of the soil，giving the average factor of safety along the failure surface．The problem is considered in two dimensions，conditions of plane strain being assumed．It has been shown that a two-dimensional analysis gives a conservative result for a failure on a three-dimensional(dish-shaped) surface． Analysis for the Case of φu =0 This analysis, in terms of total stress，covers the case of a fully saturated clay under undrained conditions, . For the condition immediately after construction．Only moment equilibrium is considered in the analysis．In section, the potential failure surface is assumed to be a circular arc. A trial failure surface(centre O，radius r and length L a where F is the factor of safety with respect to shear strength．Equating moments about O：
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英语专业基础英语1 1到10单元翻译
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土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译
土木工程专业英语课文原 文及对照翻译 Newly compiled on November 23, 2020
Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement—water, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and