艺术设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

原文：

office space design

一、the layout of the early office space

(一) office space concept

"Office space is defined in the concept of space," as the name suggests, "office space" is to provide environment can be used for the needs of the people, and it must not only refers to the office or the isolated space, but with respect to the commercial space, entertainment space, residential space, for from business activities and organs, enterprises and institutions to handle the administrative affairs and the office environment.

(二) the generation of office space

The Athens Charter has divided human basic social activities into four categories: living, working, games and transportation.. And office is one of the most important social activities of human beings.. In fact, the real sense of the office space in the west after the industrial revolution. During this period, the society developed rapidly, and the new material, new technology and new function. Resulting in a large number of new, more free and open indoor environment.

(三) layout analysis of office space

At that time, the typical three types of office space layout are:

1. Cellular (hive): This is the industrial production line of the type of work, the space is narrow, workers are crowded in together like a bee busy work, little interaction, autonomy low and daily work the same, work efficiency is very low a working mode.

2 independent studio (CELL): less interactive, lack of communication between people.

3 living (DEN): the living room of the working environment with team work, highly interactive, but low autonomy. Team members can share office equipment Because of the differences in the history and culture of Europe and America, there is a big difference in the performance of the office buildings.. In the special emphasis on money, power and heroism in North America, developers are often keen to build majestic office building. The emphasis on order and control of enterprise management is also making the staff as the individual itself can not affect the office environment. In northern Europe, the Nordic office building looks more human, compared with North America. The starting point of building design is not the expression of power will, but it is often from the actual needs of itself. Ordinary employees in the work also have the right to request the quality of office environment according to their own needs and preferences.

二、the space layout of modern office space

(一) the status quo of office space

Space is the place of work life. This new concept of office space, its history, but a century, and the change has followed the times. Twentieth Century many new inventions completely changed the work environment of the office building, the mechanization of mass production will be a lot of labor inhalation of the city. Under the support of efficient management theory, system modernization design and huge complex technology, office development becomes the "high tech box for people" s work. ". However, many new inventions of the new century, such as network, e-mail and mobile communications, etc., have the same catalytic effect on the office space in twenty-first Century.. The new inventions are a model for the new century, and office space is being presented in a new way, unlike the one that was before us..

Early modern in China, the office is belongs to the local government office workers, are generally in the form of a small bay, Tongzilou appeared, a room is also the largest 10 square meters, the decoration inside put a few tables put a few chairs, just simple can work to, and this belong to the scope of the use of some leaders, ordinary more employees do not have a decent office environment. In the modern office environment, with the rhythm of the times and the transformation of the layout of the office space generated tremendous changes. These early offices were obviously lack of competitiveness, and gradually replaced by the development of the times and gradually improved the new office space layout..

From the space, the layout of the office also began to emphasize open style. In an open large office space, not only is conducive to the leadership of the staff supervision, more conducive to the exchange between employees, ease of organization, management and coordination.

With the rapid development of society, people increasingly high demand for office space, office space, the significance of not only focus on formal beauty, but also relates to the efficiency of the office, the landscape and the intelligent problems, office space currently in the design of the new trend of development, new space concept.

At present, the popular office space based on the layout of the layout can be summarized into four categories: honeycomb type, room type, team type and club type. In the design of different enterprises in the design of office space should take into account the distinction between the company's business and office of information development, according to the need tailor-made.

First is the honeycomb type (hive), honeycomb type belongs to the typical open space, self-discipline and interactive nature, which is the least routine, repetitive high and low personal enthusiasm of the work patterns, suitable for nine to five or 24 hour shift work. The office uses open form and there is less interaction between colleagues, which is more traditional office planning. Typically, this form of typical working space, including banking, finance and administrative staff, data entry and customer service center, etc..

The second is the group type (DEN), the team type belongs to the team type of work space, self-discipline is low but interactive high. Office space is usually open space or independent group rooms, each with fixed working table and computers, photocopiers and other office equipment sharing, which also contains the common negotiation table or conference table space for discussion. This type of workers has design team, research and development team, multimedia department, insurance business personnel, etc..

The three chamber type (cell), the chamber of secrets is more personal space to work independently, self high degree of interaction and poor, for personal, attention and less interactive work and work time and place is not the rule. This office has a separate room, or in open space, there are a high office compartment, where a variety of office functions, so that the individual work undisturbed. This type of worker includes an accountant, a lawyer, a computer engineer and a company management..

A fourth Club (Club), club is both individual and team work, often need to group discussion and work for a long time, place is not restricted, suitable for self-discipline and highly interactive knowledge workers. This type of office requires

a separate workspace, but also a frequent interaction with colleagues. This makes the space layout is to do spatial privacy but also take into account the open space.In this form, personal seat is not fixed, but pay attention to privacy, personal work without interference. Talk region can accommodate minority or majority people together to discuss and these talks district is not just limited in meeting rooms and other fixed region, when individual research problems can be discussed in the bar and dining area or comfortable sofa. Office space design of clu

b has attracted the most attention. Part of the reason is this kind of office to promote full of creative architecture thus was born, but leading designers creative era in the test work family fitness. There are no separate offices in this office, and each of them is designed for the purpose of the object, such as the couch between the living room, the coffee house, etc.. In addition, this design can save money, for this type of work with advertising, media, publi

c relations, network, management consultants an

d other companies and all kinds of creativ

e departments o

f the company. For example, the Anderson Consultin

g Company headquarters from France to ten thousand square meters of office to the new headquarters of seven thousand square meters, a year can save $one million. However, this design approac

h is the most criticized the staff morale, because employees feel lost in such an office environment.

(二) the impact of changes in office space layout

Space is the layout and pattern, which refers to the physical and psychological segmentation of the space.. The design of office space needs to consider many factors, which involves many other factors, such as science, technology, humanities, art, etc.. The ultimate goal of office space interior design is to create a comfort, convenience, health, safety, high efficiency working environment for the staff, to a greater extent to improve the efficiency of the staff. This goal is more important in the current commercial competition, it is the basis for office space design.

With office space is different from ordinary residential, it is by the three regional office, conference room, corridor to form inner space function, from the

view of office organization and natural lighting and ventilation in favor of, the depth usually to 9 meters is the basic size.

The biggest feature of office space is the publicity, this space should take care of the aesthetic needs and function of the employees.. The current office space design concept of the most emphasized elements of:

Team space.Two is public space. There are a number of office space, the public part of the smaller, from the elevator up to the lobby, into the office, the lack of conversion process. A good design must have a space transition, not only aisle corridors, there must be an environment, there is a process from the public space over to the private space. Of course, some customers will think this is not very waste, in fact, this is entirely another concept. For example, the elevator door is designed to be part of the living room or negotiation room, the same is to achieve public space and private space a separate, forming a different rhythm. As a public space, not only have a formal meeting rooms and other public space, but also informal public space, such as a comfortable tea, deliberately vacated corner. Informal public space allows employees to meet each other naturally, the casual chat out ideas that are often beyond the formal meeting. At the same time, also make communication between employees can be strengthened. At the same time, the office space to give employees to autonomy. The freedom to dress their personal space.

三、the development trend of office space in the future

In the future, there will be more and more of the office environment in the space layout and strive to account for the human factor, unique personality, and like a small community, the office environment as man-made things, whose attributes are more and more to arouse people's attention, the diversified design of office space should be become "humanization" space creation is one of the major characteristics, in people's life and work have a positive psychological said response and a very good feeling is the main design goal in order to achieve.

Microsoft chairman Bill Gates once said, "the imagination of employees is Microsoft's biggest assets. Therefore, at Microsoft headquarters in an area of 265 acres, the senior staff has a relatively independent and fully according to the office of their meaning and style layout, which are to stimulate the imagination and creativity of the staff, a shapes is successful example of life, influenced by the work of design. The content of human nature of office space design will be changed due to different industries, and diversified design meets this requirement.. Famous Intel is all employees, even President of the presence of an open force, office (Open Office), low translucent grille for people to communicate anywhere and anytime, interactive, inspired. The two office space design example is for enterprises to be} fracture employees actual demand, there is no uniform law, important purpose is let the boss and employee seems to be equal, so as to produce a sense of trust. The former let individual thinking and constantly produce creative which emphasizes team work, embodies more groups to help the spirit. Short for people anywhere translucent grid communication, interaction and inspiration. The two office space design example is for enterprises to be} fracture employees actual demand, there is no uniform law, important purpose is let the boss and employee seems to be equal, so as to produce a sense of trust. The former let individual thinking and constantly produce creative which emphasizes team work, embodies more groups to help the spirit.

, there will be more and more enterprises will be leisure space and public space in front of the office area, such a design, let visitors not as to march into the office area, affect the employee's work clear thread, also let visitors set foot in the door, the oncoming is tea flavor and thick coffee flavor, in light music accompanied with the reception conversation, in a relaxed and trusting atmosphere to win business opportunities, a success.

Past office uniform, in the layout of the home furnishings in the home furnishings, the same as boring. In the layout of the office space after the miniaturization, family, people have more performance self, personality space and

freedom. Different levels of office groups, in their own cultural awareness, aesthetic, the different tastes, the need also reflects a lot of differences. Therefore, the design of the extension should continue to decrease. Then, the market "diversity orientation" determines the design of "diversification". After the design will not have some strips of Kuang Kuang and bound, exaggerated form and variation technique is one of the notable features of and forms from the innocent and funny to bizarre, from fantasy to virtual can become a reality. And future of office and home furniture does not have strict classification and obvious difference, in the modern home, they found. - kind of flowing space form and the space of flows around the three basic functions of living, living room, office, its furnishings most was merged with the two office and living environment, the desk is a multifunctional computer desk, chair can lift, can be suitable for the office, watching television and a variety of environments.

Surreal atmosphere of diversified design often need to break through the traditional space approach, using the surface or interface with liquidity and strong exaggerated color, very dramatic lights and lighting, personalized activities within the limited space with various technological means to break through the reality space, beyond the traditional concept of three-dimensional space, make people away from the hustle and bustle of the world, seeking a spiritual home, ultimately achieve the creation of sequential cut into.

In in the past, people strongly emphasized working and living different connotation of the two kinds of space, and the two have obvious difference of spatial form, furniture and furnishings, interface treatment to emphasize this distinction, and in the new ideas in the future this distinction will gradually faded, instead will be more comfortable and pleasant, with temporary and appropriate personalized future humanized office space. The ultimate power, public space in front of people is the creation, the pursuit of time and space efficiency, and with the variety of functions. In the past in the rapid development and economic level is relatively low, many people still can not completely get rid of the traditional office model, this

undoubtedly give designers more challenging and imaginative space. In the park the problem, usually ranging from low to high, made of man-made board or the glass push-pull type movable partition, separated by a flexible, transparent and translucent white, thus making office space and living space form a relationship can be divided and combined, when you need quiet contemplation or work without interference, you can choose closed style office space, not to affect the family's normal life in leisure, office space and living space of melting body, but also make the home become uplift, birthday party, get togethers and some other entertainment places, the house has become a multi-functional castle. The variable flow space form for communication between people, enhance between people relationships people place oneself among them, will be deeply office free and fun, life convenience and ease. The hotel of the future office space, family is the trend of the times.

To sum up, the rapid development of information society, the office space is facing a profound change. "Work" is more abstract from concept, "workplace" will be given the connotation of renewal, which will directly or indirectly affect the development of office space. People a day most of the time is in the office, so for a long time so that people have higher requirement and understanding of office space, and in the development of the future office space to create more rich humanized office space.

四、结语

Ini modern cities, office workers spend about 1/3 of the time in office, office space has become an important part of human activity space. Especially in the fast-paced modern society, high efficiency, influence quality of office space for its users' emotions and psychological more significantly, or even directly affects the work efficiency and the quality of the user, it also reflects the modern workers and the ncreasingly high demand for office space, so how to make the office space environment the layout is more in line with the psychological needs of modern people has become a common concern of the owners and designers, pay attention to

the function of the traditional layout method in architectural design has been unable to meet the needs of the development of modern society, modern office environment design should pay more attention to the space environment layout of the physical, psychological and emotional needs, a good space environment design can alleviate the tense mood, relieve fatigue, meet people's private psychological and enhance their sense of belonging to the company and to the heart. So that employees can have more autonomy when the company office. Also makes the layout of the office space in the future development of more inclined to humanization and personalization.

译文

办公空间设计

办公空间的设计要素

一、早期的办公空间的布局

（一）办公空间的概念

在空间的概念上定义“办公空间，”顾名思义，“办公空间”是为人们工作需要提供可使用的环境，而它决不仅指办公室之类的孤立的空间，而是相对于商业空间、娱乐空间、住宅空间等，供从事业务活动和机关、企事业等办理行政事物和的办公环境系统。

（二）办公空间的产生

<<雅典宪章>>中曾经将人类的基本社会活动分为居住、工作、游戏、交通四大类。而办公是人类最重要的社会活动之一。其实真正意义上的办公空间是在西方工业革命以后才出现的。这段时期中社会飞速发展，出现新材料、新技术、新功能。从而产生了大量新的、更为自由和开敞的室内环境。

（三）办公空间的布局分析