Delivering the Goods
Delivering the Goods 解析
广东珠海Daniel谭元凯C6Test1 Passage2 P22
一、本文技巧讲点
1.信号词。本文多处出现信号词，而信号词对于学生在快速阅读中找到文章主旨是很
关键的。
2.副标题。很多文章都有副标题，虽然不是每篇文章的副标题都能像这篇一样，能让
人快速找到全文主旨，但多少都会透露信息。比起遍读全文得到信息的速度，看看
副标题得到信息的效率可以说是最高的。
二、标题与副标题
The vast expansion in international trade owes much to a revolution in the business of moving freight.
1.副标题有助于分析全文的主题以及逻辑关系，能够快速理解文章
2.本文副标题提到了国际贸易的增长(vast expansion in international trade) 以及货物
运输的革命(revolution in the business of moving freight)
3.从副标题中的逻辑关系(owes much to… 归功于) 已经可以判断出本文讲的是
revolution in the business of moving freight 对expansion in international trade 的促
进关系，由此可以认为本文着重讲的是两者之间的关系或货物运输
4.结合主标题delivering the goods 进行判断
5.退一万步讲，就算判断不出关系，至少可以带着这两个内容去速读全文，进而找出
重点
Example: Climate Change and the Inuit (C6T1 Passage3 P27)
副标题: The threat posed by cli mate change in the Arctic and the problems faced by Canada’s Inuit people
单纯看标题，无法判断是Positive or negative change，也无法判断其与Inuit的关系。结合副标题，可以看出是Positive effect (threat) 也可以看出对于Inuit来说是一个problem Example: 剑4有个反例，回去再找
6.生词短语
Deliver
Goods
V ast
Expansion
Owe to
Revolution
Freight
Expansion
三、Paragraph A概括国际贸易的发展和扩张
1.段落解析
a)International trade is growing at a startling pace.
第一句话十分直接地点出了段落中心
b)While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume
of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that.
用Global economy 与international trade 作对比，突出trade的增长，支撑第
一句
c)Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost
every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never
much worried about sales beyond their nation's borders.
此句话是复合句，包含一个定语从句。阅读时如果理解有困难，找到that 分
开两句来看就行了。
2.生词短语
Startling pace
Expanse
V olume
Rise
Compound
Play a role
Tempt
Border
Beyond their nation’s border
四、Paragraph B 国际贸易迅速扩张背后的原因
1.段落解析
a)国际贸易迅速扩张背后的原因
贸易壁垒的减少
General worldwide decline in trade barriers.
国家的经济开放
The economic opening of countries that have traditionally been minor.
货物运输的发展（Main idea of both paragraph B and the whole passage）But(信号词)one force behind the import- export boom has passed all but
unnoticed: The rapidly falling cost of getting goods to the market.
b)后半部分为展开讨论货物运输问题对贸易的影响
贸易理论及现实的差距
例子验证运输对贸易的重要性
c)这段有两个典型信号词: However 与But （转折关系，以后讲递进关系）
The real world, however, is full of frictions.
表示实际情况与前一句所讲的贸易理论是不同的
......in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages.
这里与后面19题T/F/NG有关，但很多人经常只注意到前半句导致做错，
实际上作者要强调的重点是后半句。
But one force behind the import- export boom has passed all but unnoticed: The rapidly falling cost of getting goods to the market.
突出了falling cost of getting goods to the market在三个原因中的地位
2.如何判断重点
a)副标题提及了International trade and freight, 而freight对应本段getting goods to
the market.
b)在本段中3个导致国际贸易迅速扩张的原因中，最后一个原因为本段/本文重
点。理由:重点词(But) 与冒号强调
c)结合本段，副标题，主标题，可以肯定本文主要是讲述货物运输的发展
3.生词短语
Explosions (explode, explore, expose......)
Boom 繁荣
Decline (increase, decrease, rise, fall......)
Theoretically
Barrier
Shipping cost
Customs duty
Assume
Import/export
Friction
Quota
Delay
Minor
Tie up
Capital
Instantly
Advantage/disadvantage
五、Paragraph C 二十世纪之交的货物运送情况
1.段落解析
a)Two most important sectors almost everywhere at the turn of 20 century
(Background)
Manufacturing
Agriculture
b)International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials. (Main idea)
c)But these sort of products are heavy and bulky and the cost of transporting then
relatively high. (Problem)
2.生词短语
Sector
Iron ore
Account for
Process
Dominate
Commodity
Raw
Bulky
Commerce
Process
Steel
六、Paragraph D贸易运输货物类型以及与运输关系的转变
1.段落解析
a)Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbors.
本句是承接上一段的，第二句开始才是本段内容
b)World output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and
weight. (Main idea)
c)Supporting idea
Finished manufactured products that dominate the trade.
Goods tend to become lighter and less bulky.
d)Less transportation is required (Result)
2.生词短语
Disproportionately (portion- G段出现, proportion, disproportion)
Shift
Unrelated
Lightweight
Component
Tend to
七、Paragraph E举硬盘之例说明货物运送类型的转变对贸易的影响
1.段落解析
a)To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for
computers.
‘This’指的就是前一段的result: Less transportation is required.
b)后面是一个简单的例子，证明首句观点(Supporting idea)
c)Distance therefore poses no obstacle to the globalization of the disk-drive industry.
(Main idea)
2.生词短语
Influence
Disk drive
Concentrate
V aluable
Purchase
Domestic (Gross Domestic Product)
Pose (除了姿势的意思，还有产生、造成的意思)
Obstacle
Globalization (可以引申讲只读词根的生词读法)
八、Paragraph F信息产业的货物运送情况
1.段落解析
a)This is even more true of the fast-growing information industries.
本段承接上一段，话题依然是货物本身的轻量化导致的运输成本下降。
b)Freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding
where to make the product. (Main idea)
c)Businesses can locate based on other considerations, such as the availability of
labour, while worrying less about the cost of delivering their output.(Result)
2.生词短语
Transmit
Based on
Cargo handling
Consideration
Insignificant
A vailable
Schedule
Factor
Locate
九、Paragraph G科技创新技术对于船运货物的影响
1.段落解析
In many countries deregulation has helped to drive the process along. But, behind the
scenes, a series of technological innovations known broadly as containerisation and
intermodal transportation has led to swift productivity improvements in cargo-handling.
本段首句乍看像是Main idea, 但信号词再一次提起了我们的注意。实际上本段后
面的内容都是支持第二句的内容，所以第二句才是main idea. 注意信号词对做
Heading 之类的题目是非常重要的
2.生词短语
Stage
Scene [si:n]
Technology
Innovation
Productivity
Improve (ment)
Involve
Standard
十、Paragraph H陆运货物的发展和进步
1.段落解析
a)The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient,
intensely competitive business. But getting the cargo to and from the dock was a
different story.
和前几段一样，第一段依然只是承接上段，第二句信号词But以后才是本段主
要讲的内容
b)本段的Main idea不容易在原文中找出。概括的话是Big productivity gained by
the deregulation of American and Europe government.
2.生词短语
Transform (本文中第三次出现trans- 词根，transport, transmit, transform)
Efficient
Intensely
Railway/railroad
Tariff
Charge
Deregulate
Restriction
Dramatically
Albeit
十一、Paragraph I货物运送产业的发展前景
1.段落解析
a)In America the period of huge productivity gains in transportation may be almost
over, but in most countries the process still has far to go.
信号词，信号词，又是信号词，没错，信号词前面的基本上我们可以不用看了，后面半句就
是本段大意了。
b)Bringing these barriers down would help the world’s economies grow even closer. 这句作为全文末句，提出了一种Suggestion(雅思大作文我们经常用)，扫过以后脑子里该有个印象，本段同时描述了其他国家在deregulation上的落后，也提出了建议。
2.生词短语
Productivity
Gain
Process
State
Regulation
Toleration
Anti-competitive
Deter
Monopoly
基英课文概述summary(第三册)
Unit 1 Fresh Start I first began to wonder what I was doing on a college compus anyway when my parents drove off . My plan was to keep my ears open and my mouth shut .The next morning , I found my first class and marched in . But I was in the wrong building . After class , I went to the cafeteria , I stepped in a large puddle of ketchup and my rear end met the floor . It ended with my first day of college class . I was very frustrated . But later , a composed and very confident football player let me realized I had been taking myself far too seriously .So I gave up trying to act my way through college and began not acting at all . Three years after graduation , I’m still making mistakes , and I’m even being forgiven for a few . Unit 2 Tranny of the Urgent Have you ever wished for a thirty-hour gay ? We seemed have a lot of things undone . But would a thirty-hour day really solve the problem ? Prolongation of time doesn’t really solve the problem . We find ourselves working more and enjoying it less . Our dilemma goes deeper , it’s basically the problem of priorities . Sometimes we have left undone and we have done those things which we shouldn’t have done . It’s the problem of priorities . Some urgent things devour our energy . Then we recall the important tasks pushed aside . We realize we’ve become slaves to the “ tyranny of the urgent ” . Unit 3 Chinese Food Chinese and Western have the different attitudes toward food . Most of chinese pay more attention to the food , but the western is different . For them , food is quite simply a fuel . Chinese think the eating is one of the most important things in life : to eat with the capital E . In fact , chinese food is the only truly international food . How did this come about ? The reasons included that the chinese went to work in North America , and the population pressure in HongKong . But root is that the western are interested in chinese food . There is no doubt that the traditional high-quality chinese meal is a serous matter , the preparation is detailed , and the enjoyment must therefore match it . Chinese food is an expression of basic assumptions about life itself . Unit 4 Why I Want a Wife I’m a wife , but I want a wife . With a wife , I can go back to college , leaving my wife to take care of the house and my children . I want a wife who will take care of my physical needs . She is supposed to the house clean , cook the meals every day , and do the grocery shopping . I want a wife who will take care of the details of my social life . When my friends are invited to our home , she should prepare a special meal and make them feel comfortable . I want a wife who will satisfy my sexual needs , of course , she will not demand sexual attention when I don’t feel like it . And I want the liberty to replace my present wife with another one . A wife can do so many things , who wouldn’t want a wife ? Unit 5 The Company Man Phil was a company man , a workaholic , a prefect tape A . He worked himself to death at 3:00 am Sunda y morning . He worked six days a week , over ten hours a day . He didn’t like to exercise , so he was overweight . He was too busy to share any time with his wife and children . As a result , he was very distant from them . One of his sons said : “ my fath er and I only board
高级英语6 lesson1 课文的summary
Summary of Sexism in School According to Myra and David Sadker, many people believe classroom sexism was gone already, but actually it still exists in school: boys still get more attention than girls do in classroom. Based on some reliable investigation and bountiful evidence, readers can easily know that teachers' sexist attitudes towards students do exist and it can directly affect students' progress in learning. It can be found that boys get more than their fair share of teacher attention, while girls just sit and keep quiet. Besides, the sexism with far-reaching harmful effects also exists in work place. Then the authors make a recommendation that teachers getting trained can establish equity in classroom, which turns out to be effective according to the study. Finally, the authors make a call for immediate action to remove sexism in school so that females can achieve equity in work world as well as in school.
上海高考Summary如何写
Summary如何写（I） 说明文的summary 我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例 The Problem of Packaging 第一段 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container. 第二段 Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution. 第三段 People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to are cycling company for processing. 第四段 The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part. 我们先来把每段的大意理一下： 第一段的中心应该就是讲 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. 后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。 第二段呢？讲了两层意思，一层：垃圾进入填埋场后造成污染；二层：这些包装材料生产过程中，会产生对空气和水的污染。 第三段：中心句很清晰啊People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. 后面的德国的事情也是举例子，政府啊，制造商啊，个人啊，采取什么措施来试图解决包装材料带来的污染问题。 最后一段了：尽管德国的方法起到了一定的作用，但，又有些人开始神兜兜起来了。包装材料的污染仍是个大问题啊，我们不能放弃警惕。
安徽大学 研究生英语 课文summary and comment
上册 Summary of Unit2(Recession-proofing your career) in the text,the author firstly tries to tell us that guaranteed jobs have already become history.These days,no matter what our official employment status,we are all temporary workers. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from change and economic upheaval,by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively.She then suggests some skills.She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents,making sure that a wide range of positions are available to you,and never committing to any“hot job”which exceeds either your interest or talent.Moreover,you should cultivate and maintain an active network both inside and outside of your profession,to“market”yourself,to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job.Finally,always follow work trends. I am bound to face the work dilemma in the future sooner or later.I quite agree with the author’s opinion.There is no reason for us to stop learning when we are working.The author’s suggestions will help me much in the foreseeable future. 翻译： 在文中，作者首先试图告诉我们，保证工作已经成为历史，如今，不管我们在职场从事的是什么工作，我们都只是临时工。但是你可以学习一些技能来更有效地规划自己的事业，使自己免受变化和经济震荡的影响。她提出一些技能。她建议，发现你的显性和隐性的人才，确保广泛的职位提供给你，决不承诺任何“热门工作”而超过你的兴趣或才能。你应该在自己的行业内外建立和维持一个活跃的人际网络，来“推销”自己，说服雇主，你是最合适的求职者。最后，总是遵循工作趋势。 我迟早要面对这个工作的窘境。我完全同意作者的观点。当我们工作的时候，我们没有理由停止学习。作者的建议将在可预见的将来，我有很多的帮助。 Summary of Unit3(Lies) People usually have very negative views regarding lies.Liars are frequently criticized,even cursed.Yet this passage exemplifies a different perspective,one which cruelly reveals the fact that everyone tells lies.We can not live without lying and the lies direct out thoughts and the truth.We need our lies to mask our fear and anxiety about life and death----about the many things we do not understand and control.Lies make us feel superior to other species.Religions abound with myths and tales,which are basically lies that provide human beings with a sense of safety.People need big lies,because lying disguises our mortality,our inadequacies,our fears and anxieties,our loneliness in the midst of the crowd. I just agree the author’s views in a certain degree.People say some white lies,but it is moral problems if a person always tells lies.No one would like a man who never speaks the truth.Lies can not make our life,also can not let the world better.Which can make the world better only the more beautiful heart. 翻译： 人们通常对谎言有很消极的看法。骗子经常被批评，甚至被诅咒。然而，这篇文章是一
大英4 课文summary
1.2 The passage tells a story about a woman overcame many difficulties and became successful in her field at last.First, the girl had her eyes on the course at the London School of Econmics. The girl’s family can’t support her for university study,as a result, she has todrop out from school and start to work to make a living. Unfortunately, she was faced with many problems and she felt lonely.She told her problems to Tony.Tony give her a loan to start a business.With Tony’s help.she got her master degree and set up her own company.But many years later,Tony was disabled after an accident and need the repayments of the loan to adapt his house for his disability.She pays back Tony’s help and Tony thought investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope. 2.1 Books may change your life, when we pick up a book we are about to enter a new world. What’s more ,books helps us liberate from the real world we come from.Reading books allows us to enjoy and celebrate variety and difference in safety, and provides us with an opportunity to grow. When we read books, we learn to look beyond our immediate surroundings to the horizon and a landscape far away from home.IN addition, reading books can give us power and stimulate our emotions. As soon as we are able to listen, books are supremely influential in the way we live.Books have helped me to discover the real meaning of my life, and have made it possible for me to get out of the confusion and meaninglessness. 2.2 This article is about the author’s views of reading books. The author is a writer and he likes reading books very much. He think that a book lives though the passionate recommendation of one reader to another. Nothing can throttle this basic impulse in the human being. And he also raises that we should read books as often as possible bacause a book lying idle on a shelf is wasted ammunition. He told us that when you are eager to read a book, leave it alone for a few days and ask yourself earnestly if it be absolutely necessary to read it. In the end, the author described a writer who readed a lot and meanwhile writtrn a lot. 3.1 The article is about the fashion tendency in the last 50 years. The author mainly introduced the development of jeans and the relationship of economy and hemiline. It was Levi Strauss who invited the jeans. At first, only miners wore jeans. In the mid-1960s and early 1970s, the hippie movement influenced the design of jeans. And jeans remained fashionable during the period of punk. Besides, the ahthor found that as the stock market rises, so do hemlines, and when it falls, so do they. 3.2 Sea glass is popular for several reasons. First, the creation of sea glass is a form of recycling. Second, sea glass becomes rarer than diamonds now. Third, its eco-credentials lend sea glass further appeal. So the designers would like to put sea glass to use. Gina Cowen became a sea glass jeweler. Her designs were sold at Liberty or to private customers.Though seaglass become rarer, Gina Cowen refuses to condone it and she even rejects to polish new glass to make it look old. So we'd better follow Cowen’s example and search for
summary的模板
竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除 summary的模板 篇一：summary写法 一、概述 文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。美国人称摘要为“abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“summary”。 通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。 国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字 -500字。而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。语言上要求尽量简炼。摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地
了解书籍的要义。写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。 摘要分陈述性的（descriptive）和资料性的（informational）两类。陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。 它可以包括三个组成部分 ①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图； ②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌； ③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。 二、常见句型 常见的摘要句型有： 1）thispaperdealswith... 2） thisarticlefocusesonthetopicsof(that,having,etc)... 3）thiseassypresentsknowledgethat... 4）thisthesisdiscusses... 5）thisthesisanalyzes... 6）thispaperprovidesanoverviewof... 7)thispaperelaborateson... 8）thisarticlegivesanoverviewof... 9）
怎么写英文摘要summary
摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。 第一步：阅读 A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。 C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：
1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”
新标准大学英语4课文summary
Unit1 reading2 if you ask me This is an informal and personalized account of an economic graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year and then has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). Since her family can’t support her to further study, she has to work. She has financial problems and feels lonely. She tells her troubles to Tony, a regular customer of the pub, who talks to some friends and gets her a loan to set up a business. With this help she has her master’s degree and her own company. however, unluckliy,Tony is disabled after an accident and needs the repayment of the loan to adapt his house for his disability. She pay back Tony’s help, and Tony thinks that investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope for. Unit2 reading1 Reading is a life-changing activity. It helps us enter a new world and liberate us from the real world we come from; it stimulates our emotions and allows us enjoy and celebrate the variety and difference from books; it aids us to get out of confusion in a material world and to discover the real meaning of the life. Simply put, books are supremely influential in the way we live. Homerun book might be the answer for the book that everyone should read. It describes the first reading experience that
大学英语综合教程4课文summary
U1 AR2 This is an in formal and pers on alized acco unt of an econo mic graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year and the n has an opport unity to be successful (a lucky break). Since her family can t support her to further study, she has to work. She has financial problems and feels Ionely. She tells her troubles to Tony,a regular customer of the pub, who talks to some frie nds and gets her a loa n to set up a bus in ess. With this help she has her master' s degree and her own compa ny. The situati on, however, is reversed: Tony is disabled after an accide nt and n eeds the repayme nt of the loa n to adapt his house for his disability. U2 AR1 Reading is a life-changing activity. It helps us enter a new world and liberate us from the real world we come from; it stimulates our emoti ons and allows us enjoy and celebrate the variety and difference from books; it aids us to get out of confusion in a material world and to discover the real meaning of the life. Simply put, books are supremely in flue ntial in the way we live. Homer un book might be the an swer for the book that every one should read. It describes the first readi ng experie nce that in duces such pleasure and satisfaction that you cannot put it down and it may range
课文summary
Unit 1 Dr. Rob Boll and his family were enjoying their church's annual fund-raising dinner when a 76-year-old lady choked on a piece of turkey and lost consciousness. The old lady's family tried the Heimlich maneuver, but it did not work. Dr. Rob Boll rushed to the old lady's rescue. Although under his direction Steve Hoblin managed to pull out a piece of turkey, the old lady was still not breathing. Dr. Boll realized that his only chance was to perform an emergency tracheotomy. Though he was only a family doctor who had never done the operation before, seeing that the patient was in such a critical situation, he went ahead with the operation using a simple switchblade. Thanks to Dr. Boll's brave heart and calm mind, the operation succeeded. Dr. Boll was so amazed by this "miracle" that he attributed the success to divine intervention. Unit 3 With more and more kids logging on to the Internet, cyber-bullying has become a serious social problem. Cyber-bullying takes various forms, such as sending threatening messages, displaying private messages, and posting embarrassing videos and photos online. Researchers have pointed out that cyber-bullying can have an even more detrimental effect on the victim than conventional playground bullying. There are two main reasons for this: First, a sheer number of people can view something posted online. Secondly, the always-on feature of Internet culture makes it impossible for the victim to escape cyber-bullying. Anonymity is also to blame for widespread cyber-bullying, as it encourages people to act aggressively online. Anonymity amplifies the negative effect of cyber-bullying, as the victim has no idea who the bully is. In the meanwhile, it tempts bullies to new levels of cruelty because they do not see how miserable their victims are. To protect kids from cyber-bullying, legislative actions must be taken, but more importantly, the whole society should get involved. Unit 4