2011年高考英语单项填空题十大考点透视
高考英语单项填空题十大考点透视
2011年高考英语科有16个省、市、自治区单独命题,再加上三套全国卷,英语试题真可谓“百花齐放”,令人目不暇接,大饱眼福。如今高考已经尘埃落定,盘点2010年高考英语单项填空题,可以发现考查了以下十大热点项目。
热点一动词时态和语态
时态和语态综合应用均为考查的热点。例如,语境中时态的正确使用,主从句时态呼应和固定句式。
例1 —Why, Jack, you look so tired!(江苏卷第23题)
—Well, I ______ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting
B. will be painting
C. have painted
D. have been painting
解析 D 我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在,而且到明天才会完成。
例2 You’ve failed to do what you ______ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you. (四川卷第18题)
A. will expect
B. will be expected
C. expected
D. were expected
解析 D 不强调动作的执行者时要用被动语态,在B和D之间选择;“被期望”这个动作发生在之前,所以用过去时。
热点二非谓语动词的用法
特别是V-ing和V-ed形式作定语,状语,补足语以及不定式作状语,宾语补足语和不定式的省略等。
例3 The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,_______the students to return to their classrooms. (江苏卷第28题)
A. enabling
B. having enabled
C. to enable
D. to have enabled
解析 A enabling...为现在分词短语作状语,表示他在捐献后的结果。having enabled为现在分词完成式,表示在他捐献之前发生,不合逻辑。to enable如果作目的状语在句首时,后面可以加也可以不加逗号;但位于句末时,前面不加逗号。如果有逗号,常用only to表示意想不到的结果。
例4 I’m calling to enquire about the position
______in yesterday’s China Daily.(北京卷第25题)
A. advertised
B. to be advertised
C. advertising
D. having advertised
解析 A 过去分词作定语,position和advertise之间为被动关系;时间状语为过去。如果时间状语为将来,则选B。
热点三各种复合句的用法
包括名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句,主要考查其引导词的选用和语序。
例5 The newly built café, the walls of ______ are painted light green, is really a
peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (江苏卷第32题)
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
解析 D 介词加关系代词引导定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙。what和it不能引导定语从句;that不能放在介词后。
例6 To improve the quality of our products, we ask for suggestions ______ had used the products.(重庆卷第25题)
A. whoever
B. who
C. whichever
D. which
解析 A 考点为宾语从句,ask sb for sth;根据情景强调无论谁用过这些产品。
热点四动词(词组)词义辨析
主要考查常用动词或多能动词以及动词词组的辨析。
例7 Thousands of foreigners were ______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.(江苏卷第24题)
A. attended
B. attained
C. attracted
D. attached
解析 C 表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参观上海世博会。attend,“参加,出席”;attain,“取得,达到”;attract,“吸引”;attach,“附上,连接”。
例8 Sam ____ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.(山东卷27题)
A. brought up
B. looked up
C. picked up
D. set up
解析 C 本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”pick up表示“偶然学会”,另外还有“捡起; 让人乘车,搭载;收拾,整理;重新开始”等意。bring up 表示“抚养,教育;提出;呕吐”。look up 表示“向上看;(形势)好转,改善;查阅”。set up表示“建立,设置;引发,产生”。
热点五冠词的用法
主要考查不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法以及零冠词和固定搭配。更加突出综合语言应用能力,这完全符合新课程的理念。
例9 The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______ people from all walks of life are working hard for ______ new Jiangsu. (江苏卷第21题)
A. 不填; a
B. 不填;the
C. the; a
D. the; the
解析 A 第一空,来自社会各阶层的人,不属于特指,不用冠词;第二空,在Jiangsu 前有形容词new,因此应加冠词a,表示一个全新的江苏。
例10 If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view. (山东卷第22题)
A. 不填;the
B. 不填;a
C. the;a
D. the;the
解析 C 本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部,就会有更好的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时,front前要加定冠词
the; have a good view是习惯搭配,表示“视野开阔,视野良好”之意,所以C项符合语境。
热点六名词的用法
主要考查名词词义辨析、固定短语和主谓一致。
例11 The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ______. (江苏卷第22题)
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution
D. civilization
解析B reputation,“名声”;expectation,“期望”;contribution,“贡
献”;civilization,“文明”。
例12 Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who
______ evening dress.(全国卷Ⅱ第9题)
A. wear
B. wears
C. has worn
D. have worn
解析 B 当“one of +复数名词”作主语时,动词用单数形式;当“one of +复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句动词用复数形式;当“the(only)one of +复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句动词用单数形式。
热点七情态动词
主要考查情态动词表推测的用法,间或考查情态动词的各种用法。
例13 Jack described his father, who______ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.(安徽卷第32题)
A. would be
B. would have been
C. must be
D. must have been
解析 D 该题考查推测用法,对现在推测用must be/do;对现在正在进行中的动作推测用must be doing;对过去推测用must have done。
例14 I _______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. (山东卷第25题)
A. shouldn’t
B. needn’t
C. couldn’t
D. mustn’t
解析 A 本题考查情态动词的用法。句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的——它会使我做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldn’t have done。
热点八特殊句型
如省略句,强调句,倒装句等。
例15 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ______ regularly, can improve our health. (浙江卷第8题)
A. being carried out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
解析 C 时间,条件或让步状语从句中的主语和主句主语相同且从句中含有be 动词,则从句中的主语和be动词可以一起省略。该题中if后引导条件状语省略了they are。
例16 John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work ______ has made him what he is today. (湖南卷第25题)
A. why
B. When
C. which
D. that
解析 D 该题考查强调句型“It is/ was ...that ...”,强调句子中的主语years of hard work。
热点九虚拟语气的用法
既考查该语法的基本用法也考查在其他从句中的用法。
例17 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ______ more on its culture. (江苏卷第34题)
A. focus
B. focused
C. would focus
D. had focused
解析 B would rather加从句应用虚拟语气。若表示与现在时间相反,用动词的过去式。
例18 Teachers recommend parents ______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(福建卷第29题)
A. not allow
B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow
D. couldn’t allow
解析 A insist, order, command, suggest (建议), advise, recommend, request, require, demand, desire后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气should do/be,其中should可省略。
热点十功能意念项目
重在情境中考查实际应用能力。
例19 —Do you think you could do without help?(山东卷第21题)
—______. This is not the first time for me.
A. Take care
B. Hurry up
C. Not exactly
D. Don’t worry
解析 D 本题考查交际用语的使用。根据后置语境This is not the first time for me可知,答语应表示“没问题,别担心”之意,所以D项符合语境。
【应试对策】
1. 时态语态:考生应熟悉普通高中《英语课程标准(实验稿)》中所要求的十种常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。做时态、语态题时一定要结合语境,抓住时间状语和从属连词,还要注意主从句时态呼应。
2. 非谓语动词:要掌握不定式、分词和动名词的基本用法及区别。注意非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,选择表示主动或被动意义的非谓语动词。
3. 复合句:三大从句引导词的选择各有诀窍:名词性从句引导词的选择采用从句中“缺什么补什么”的策略;定语从句关系词的选择需要“看先行词在定语从句
中作何成分,作主语、宾语或定语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词”;状语从句引导词的选用关键根据句子的意思。
4. 动词(词组):考生应熟练掌握常用动词的用法,多看一些英文报刊,有可能多听一些英语教学节目,注意一词多意或多性现象,特别关注一些常用动词的用法。
5. 冠词:考生应掌握不定冠词表示泛指和定冠词表示特指的用法,还应熟知抽象名词具体化和具体名词抽象化,注意零冠词以及固定搭配的用法。
6. 名词:考生应掌握可数名词及其单复数(特别是外来词),不可数名词和专有名词以及名词所有格,特别注意同义词辨析及常用短语。
7. 情态动词:考生应熟知常用情态动词的基本用法,重点掌握肯定句和否定句中对现在、此时此刻及过去的推测用法,还有need和dare作为情态动词和实义动词两种用法。
8. 特殊句型:考生应注意特殊句型往往有其特定的标志,句子结构相对固定,
因此答题时要善于捕捉关键词,然后根据积累的知识解题。
9. 虚拟语气:考生应掌握虚拟语气三个公式(现在、过去、将来)及其在倒装、错综条件句、含蓄条件句以及在其他从句中的应用。
10. 功能意念:考生应熟练掌握十一类功能意念项目和二十四类话题项目,特别注意英汉思维方式的差异,语言得体
2017年全国高考英语大纲词汇表
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲 英语词汇表 A a (an) art. 一（个、件……） abandon v. 放弃，抛弃 ability n. 能力；才能 able a. 能够；有能力的 abnormal a. 不正常的 aboard prep. 在（或上）船，飞机，火车等 abolish v. 废除 abortion n. 流产 about ad. 大约；到处；四处prep. 关于；在各处；四处above prep. 在……上面a. 上面的ad. 在……之上abroad ad. 到（在）国外 abrupt a. 突然的，不连贯的 absence n. 不在，缺席 absent a. 缺席，不在 absolute a. 绝对的 absorb v. 吸收 abstract a. & n. 抽象（的） absurd a. 荒谬的 abundant a. 丰富的 abuse v.滥用，虐待 academic a. & n. 学校的，学术的 academy n. 专科院校 accelerate v. 加快 accent n. 口音，音调 accept vt. 接受 access n. & v. 接近，进入 accessible a. 可接近的，可使用的 accident n. 事故，意外的事 accommodation n. 住宿，调节 accompany v. 陪伴 accomplish v. 完成，实现 account n. 账目；描述 accountant n. 会计师 accumulate v. 积累 accuracy n. 精确 accurate a. 精确 accuse v. 控告 accustomed a. 通常的，习惯的 ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛 achieve vt. 达到，取得 第 1 页共74 页
高考英语单项填空常见错题50题
高考英语单项填空常见错题50题 错题再现满分不难 姓名____________ 正确个数________ 1. I have a lot of readings _______ before the end of this term. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to complete 2. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier _______. A. reusing B. to be reused C. reused D. reuses 3. Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures, some _______ a life span of around 20 years. A. had B. having C. to have D. have 4. Peter received an email just now _______ his uncle would come to see him. A. said B. saying C. says D. to say 5. He has never dreamed of _______ so attractive a place in the world. A. there being B. there to be C. there is D. having 6. On receiving a phone call from his wife _______ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying 7. —Can I help you? —I would like to buy a gift for my mother, _______ at a proper price but of great use. A. that B. which C. one D. it 8. —Say, Jane, will you come with me to the game this Friday? —_______, Bob, but I promised Mary I’d go with her. A. My pleasure B. Take it easy C. Forget it D. Thanks 9. The first lunar roving vehicle Yutu landed on _______ the Chinese thought was where a beautiful fair change lived, the moon, on December 14, 2013. A. its B. whose C. what D. which 10. _______ the incorrect operation of the driver in the emergency, the terrible Dec. 8th accident on the Chengzilu Freeway in Sichuan could have been avoided. A. Due to B. But for C. Except for D. Apart from 11. It was twelve _______ he got home last night, which made his mother angry. A. that B. since C. before D. when 12. —These apples are really quite good. —They _______ be! Just see the price, $ 3.99 a pound. Very expensive, aren’t they?
高考英语单项填空的特点
高考英语单项填空的特点 高考英语的单项填空题部分通常为15 个小题，每个小题由题干和 4 个备选答案组成。题干或是由一问一答构成的一个对话，或是由意义明确的一个或几个句子构成，要求考生从4 个备选答案中选出一个适合空白处的最佳答案。近年高考英语的单项填空题呈现以下特点： 1. 注重实用性，在具体语境中考查常用句型和固定词组注重实用性，在具体语境中考查常用句型和固定词组 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen. (全国卷) A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 解析：该题考查非谓语动词的用法，把对常用句型的考查融入了情景之中。学生对find sb doing 句型非常熟悉，而本题则考查此句型在被动结构中的应用，这样试题具备了较高的区分度。因现在分词smoking 在句中做主语补足语，故最佳答案为B在句中做主语补足语，故最佳答案为。—Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to… —Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and _____ you forget it! (全国卷) A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t 解析：该题考查祈使句的使用。根据语境可知题干部分为祈使句。Mr Parker解析：该题考查祈font-family: 'Times New Roman'">显然对对方在道歉时称呼他为Joe 感到不满，觉得没有受到应有的尊重，提醒对方要注意自己的身份。祈使句通常省略主语，而本题强调说话人强烈的感情色彩，保留了句子的主语you，故最佳答案为D。 2. 重视考查动词，包括动词时态、非谓语动词、情态动词、动词(词组)辨析等 Let’s keep to the point or we _______ any decisions. (全国卷) A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach &nng=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMIL Y: 'Times New Roman'">C. never reach bsp; D. never reached 解析：本题考查时态的正确使用。“祈使句(或名词词组) + and / or + 并列句”是一种常见的句型，and (或or)后的并列句中，谓语动词多用将来时或用情态动词，故最佳答案为A后的并列句中，谓语动词多用将来时或用情态动词，故最佳答案为。 —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema? (全国卷)—That _______ me fine. A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits 解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。fit 指“(物品)大小合适；(形状)吻合”；meet 指“满足(某
2018年北京市高考英语真题试题含答案
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高考英语分类词汇表
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African adj. 非洲(人)的[C]非洲人afterward(s) ad. 后来 ago ad. 以前 agriculture [U] 农业，农学 airline [C] 航空公司airport [C]飞机场 alcohol [U]酒精，酒，乙醇alike adj.(作表语)相像的adv.一样地，相似地alive adj. 活着的，存在的 aloud ad. 大声地already ad.已经区别already和yet altogether(=in all) ad. 总共all together 全体一起；同时在一起always ad. 总是，一直，永远 ambulance [C]救护车among prep在…中间，在…当中America n.美国