考研英语(一)模拟试卷210

考研英语（一）模拟试卷210

(总分：136.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、 Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)

1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

"According to such-and-such, a think-tank," is a phrase familiar to readers of any newspaper. Sharp quotes, intriguing facts and bold new policy proposals are 【C1】______ the mysterious tanks. What exactly are these outfits, 【C2】______ churn out reports on everything from Brexit to badgers? The "think-tank" label became popular in the 1950s, 【C3】______ which time there were already plenty of such organizations in existence. Many of America's most 【C4】______ tanks were founded in the early 20th century. But think-tanks really 【C5】______ in the second half of the 20th century. Think-tanks 【C6】______ fill the gap between academia and policymaking. Academics 【C7】______ authoritative studies, 【C8】______ at a snail's pace. Journalists' first drafts of history are 【C9】______ but thin. A good think-tank helps the policymaking process by publishing reports that are as 【C10】______ as academic research and as accessible as journalism. They 【C11】______ in the 20th century for two reasons. Governments were expanding everywhere, meaning there was lots of 【C12】______ for policy expertise. And the arrival of 24-hour news created an insatiable appetite 【C13】______ informed interviewees. The same trends are now causing think-tanks to 【C14】______ in developing countries. 【C15】______ the world may have reached peak tank. The Pennsylvanian researchers found that in 2014 the number of new tanks 【C16】______ for the first time in 30 years. One reason is that donors nowadays prefer to make project-specific grants, 【C17】______ funneling money into mere thinking. 【C18】______ is increased competition. So some tanks are rethinking themselves. The Pew Research Centre describes itself as a "fact tank" , 【C19】______ information rather than policy recommendations. And the Sutton Trust calls itself a "do tank", putting its own recommendations into 【C20】______.（分数：40.00）

(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）

A.extracted from

B.attributed to √

C.contextualized to

D.proposed by

解析：解析：词组辨析题。由上文可推断“尖锐的引语、有趣的实例、大胆的新政策建议，这些都出自于神秘的智库。”四个选项分别为：A项extracted from“从……提取”，B项attributed to“归因于……”C 项contextualized to“置于……语境中"，D项proposed by“由……提出”。根据句意可知B项attributed to为正确选项。

(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）

A.that

B.what

C.who

D.which √

解析：解析：逻辑关系题。分析句子结构可知，【C2】______ churn out reports on everything from Brexit(脱欧)to badgers?此句为非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词outfits。因此本题应该选择D项which。

(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）

A.by √

B.until

C.at

D.before

解析：解析：语义辨析题。根据上下文可知，到20世纪50年代已经存在大量的这类机构，表示截至这一时间点应该用A项by。

(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）

A.antique

B.notorious

C.venerable √

D.vulnerable

解析：解析：词语辨析题。根据下文的实例可知，美国最好的智库建立于20世纪50年代，四个选项中A 项antique“年代久远的”与语境不符，B项notorious“臭名远扬的”，D项vulnerable“易受伤害的”均不符合题意，因此本题应选择C项venerable“珍贵的”。

(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）

A.blossomed √

B.unfolded

C.constructed

D.founded

解析：解析：语义辨析题。由上文可知智库建于20世纪50年代，根据but可推测下文要表达智库的盛行较晚，四个选项分别为：A项blossomed“兴旺，发展成”，B项unfolded“展现”，C项constructed“建造”，D项founded“建立”，根据语义，A项blossomed“兴旺，发展成”更合适。

(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）

A.vie with

B.aim to √

C.cope with

D.set to

解析：解析：语义辨析题。分析句子Think-tanks【C6】______fill the gap between academia and policymaking可知fill the gap between academia，and policymaking为智库的用途和功能，因此本题应选择B项aim to“旨在”，其他选项A项vie with“与…竞争”，C项cope with“处理、应付”，D 项set to“开始做某事"均不符合题意。

(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）

A.grind out √

B.find out

C.dispose of

D.account for

解析：解析：语义辨析题。由上文可知智库致力于填平学术界和政策制定之间的沟壑，因此学者们一心想要打磨出权威的研究结果。四个选项A项grind out“打磨出”，B项find out“找出”，C项dispose of“处理”，D项account for“对…作出解释”中只有A项grind out“打磨出”能够较形象地体现出学者们一起研究、切磋的状态。

(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）

A.though

B.and

C.but √

D.so

解析：解析：逻辑关系题。根据文中at a s nail's pace“非常慢”可知该处与前句为转折关系，因此本题应选择C项but。

(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）

A.hasty

B.swift

C.speedy √

D.jerky

解析：解析：同义词辨析题。根据文中Journalists’first drafts可推测新闻报道的历史初稿的特点就是快速，四个选项均有“快”的意思，但是内在涵义不同，A项hasty指的是“快速”，但是暗含“匆忙"之意，B项swift指的是“轻盈迅速的”，C项speedy指的是“速度之快”，D项jerky表示“快”，但是是“突然的，不平稳的”，根据句意，本题应选择C项speedy。

(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）

A.implicit

B.rigorous √

C.allusive

D.well-received

解析：解析：词语辨析题。根据文中academic research的特点可知智库要像学术研究一样严谨，四个选项分别为：A项implicit“含蓄的”，B项rigorous“严谨的”，C项allusive“暗指的”，D项

well-received“受欢迎的”，因此根据句意本题应选择B项rigorous。

(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）

A.revived

B.rose

C.flourished √

D.vanished

解析：解析：词语辨析题。由下文可知智库受欢迎的原因有两点，四个选项分别为：A项revived“复兴、复活”，B项lose“升起”，C项flourished“繁荣、兴旺”，D项vanished“消失”，根据语境可知C 项flourished为正确选项。

(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）

A.claims

B.requests

C.requirements

D.demands √

解析：解析：同义词辨析题。四个选项都有“要求”的意思，但是含义和使用方法不同，其中A项claims 一般指“法律上较正式的要求、请求”，B项requests主要指“请求”，并且这个请求要submitted to an authority，C项requirements指的是“需要、必需品、必要条件”，只有D项demands指的是“需求”，符合文意，整句话的意思为“对政策的专业知识的需求量较大”。

(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）

A.of

B.for √

C.with

D.on

解析：解析：固定搭配题。an appetite for…意思为“对……的欲望”，根据上下文可推测此句的意思为“24小时新闻时代的到来，把消息灵通的受访者宠溺得贪得无厌”。

(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）

A.take in

B.take on

C.take off √

D.take over

解析：解析：词组辨析题。四个选项均为take的固定词组，其中A项take in“吸收、领会”，B项take on“承担、呈现”，C项take off"起飞"，D项take over"接管”，通过对句意的分析可判断此句应为智库在发展中国家也开始蓬勃发展，因此本题应选择C项take off"起飞”，该选项较形象地描述了这一状态。

(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）

A.Yet √

B.Though

C.Because

D.So

解析：解析：逻辑关系题。根据下文信息可知此句和上段为转折关系，四个选项分别为：A项Yet“然而，但是”，B项Though“虽然、尽管”，C项Because“因为”，D项So“所以”，因此根据句意本题应选择

A项Yet"然而，但是”。

(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）

A.declined √

B.ceased

C.amounted

D.boosted

解析：解析：语义辨析题。根据上下文语义可推测2014年智库的数量30年来首次出现下降，四个选项分

别为：A项declined“下降、衰退”，B项ceased“停止”，C项amounted“总计”，D项boosted“提高”，因此根据题意本题应选择A项declined“下降、衰退”。

(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）

A.apart from

B.despite of

C.rather than √

D.because of

解析：解析：逻辑关系题。由语境以及关键词prefer to可知大家现在更偏向于将钱投入到特定项目中，funnel有“传送(资金、商品、信息等)”的意思；“而不是投入到想法中”，因此本题应选择C项rather than“而不是”。其他选项均不合题意。

(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）

A.Another √

B.Other

C.The other

D.Second

解析：解析：固定搭配题。根据前文中的One reason…，可推测此处为另外一个原因，因此本题应选择A

项Another，此处的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，因此不能使用 The other。

(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）

A.aiming at

B.focusing on √

C.centralizing on

D.emphasizing on

解析：解析：近义词组辨析题。根据语境可知皮尤研究中心将自己定位为“实事智库”，专注于信息而非

政策建议。四个选项中A项aiming at强调“目的”，B项focusing on强调“关注的内容”，C项centralizing on强调“中心”，D项emphasizing on指的是“强调某事”，因此根据四个选项的不同含义，本题应该选择B项focusing on。

(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）

A.practice √

B.reality

C.mechanism

D.process

解析：解析：固定搭配题。put…into practice意为“将……应用到实践中”，因此本题应选择A项practice，此句的意思为“而萨顿基金会则将自己定位为‘行动智库’，将自己的建议应用到实践中”。

二、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：10，分数：52.00)

2.Section II Reading Comprehension

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析：

3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

By wrestling with the question of its corporate structure, Pfizer is having a debate that echoes throughout the industry. Investors have pressed many diversified drug firms this year over whether they should break themselves up into more specialised units. Diversified firms are those that typically have consumer-health divisions offering low-margin products such as plasters and talcum powder. Meanwhile, "pure-play" drug companies focus on innovative medicines—for example, a full cure for Hepatitis C— that command high margins. Companies such as Johnson & Johnson (J&J), GSK and Novartis fall into the first camp, and have all recently wrestled with the question of splitting themselves up. Investors and analysts tell them that they may be worth more broken into their parts than as a whole, and ask whether capital is being allocated efficiently across their divisions. These sort of questions inspired Pfizer to sell its consumer-products division to J&J in 2006, and Merck, an American drug firm, to divest its consumer unit to Bayer in 2014. Neil Woodford, an influential shareholder in many pharma companies, including the British drug firm GSK, accused it in January of being four FTSE100 companies bolted together. GSK includes its core medicines and vaccines outfit, a consumer-healthcare division, a dermatology unit and a specialist HIV business. Andrew Witty, its boss, explains that some time ago he took a long-term view of his company, anticipating greater pressure on drug prices. The firm wanted to offset lower drug prices with higher sales of low-margin, high-volume products. The aim was to invest in businesses that were less exposed to a "pricing dynamic". Other diversified pharma companies make the same case. Consumer divisions smooth out the bumpy revenue that comes with the uncertain business of inventing drugs—which may fail to win approval, and eventually come off patent. In recent months the argument has gone their way. There has been heavy pressure on drug pricing in America after a series of firms, most recently Mylan, were pilloried for stratospheric rises. The NASDAQ biotech index, comprising mostly small firms pursuing innovative drug research, fell by 3.6% on a single day in August when Hillary Clinton sharply criticised the industry's decisions on pricing. Advocates of diversification were boosted by GSK's strong performance in the second quarter of this year. It handily beat expectations thanks to those boring, low-margin areas like consumer health and vaccines. Even firms that publicly profess a desire to slim down are likely to buy others. Cash is piling up on the balance-sheets of many companies in the industry. Japan's Takeda is the latest to indicate that it is on the prowl for acquisitions. Firms may be looking for new drugs to sell, or different geographical regions to operate in. In specific areas such as cancer, points out Matthias Evers, a partner at McKinsey, a consultancy, scale and the depth of drug pipelines matter enormously. Pfizer's purchase of Mediation, for example, allows the bigger firm to bolster its oncology portfolio. However much pharma bosses and investors debate the merits of focus versus diversification, they will keep doing deals.（分数：10.00）

(1).Some companies give up the plan of a full-line products for ______.（分数：2.00）

A.the lack of high technologies

B.achieving better financial statements √

C.showing very few varieties

D.mastering some products

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。由give up和full-line定位到首段末句：Meanwhile，“pure—play”drug companies focus on innovative med icines—for example, a full cure for Hepatitis C—that command high margins．(而“单一业务”药物公司注重创新药物——例如完全治愈丙型肝炎的药物——这些药物控制着高利润。)，可见“高利润”是最终目的；如果这里太过于模糊看不出来可以定位到第二段：Investors and analysts tell them that they may be worth more broken into their parts than as a whol e…投资者和分析师告诉他们，分成多个部分或许能比作为一个整体更值钱……放弃全线制药转而生产专门产品可以有更大的经济回报！KK三步宝典：K2替换和K3排除。B选项“为了造出更好的财务报表”，好报表是盈利的体现，也就是说为了“高利润”，故正确。而A选项“缺乏高科技”

属于未提及选项，C选项“表现出很低的多样性”不是目的，D选项“精通一些产品”，不是最终目的，和原文不符，故排除。

(2).Why did Merck get rid of the consumer part?（分数：2.00）

A.It did not fall in the first camp as Johnson & Johnson (J&J), GSK.

B.It has been talked into this action by investors and analysts. √

C.It has been controlled by the investors of the Bayer.

D.It has been influenced by the Pfizer and J&J.

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。由题干Merck定位到第二段末句：These sort of questions inspired Pfizer to sell its consumer-products division to J&J, in 2006，and Merck，an American drug firm，to divest its consumer unit to Bayer in 2014．（这类问题启发辉瑞公司在2006年向强生出售了其消费产品部门，也启发美国药品公司默克公司在2014年将其消费者部门出让给拜耳。）KK三步宝典：K2替换。A选项“默克公司将其消费者部门剥离，因为该公司无法像强生、葛兰素史克跻身第一阵营”，对比原文，这类问题启发辉瑞公司在2006年向强生出售了其消费产品部门，也启发美国药品公司默克公司在2014年将其消费者部门出让给拜耳。文中并没有相关第一阵营的说法，故排除。B选项“默克公司将其消费者部门放弃，因为投资者和分析师说服其这样做”，而原文没有这样的信息，该选项是强干扰项，第二段第二句：Investors and analysts tell them that they may be worth more broken into their parts than as a whole, and ask whether capital is being allocated efficiently across their divisions．(投资者和分析师告诉他们，分开多个部分或能比作为一个整体更值钱，并问及资本是否在多个部分有效配置。) investors and analysts问了问题，Merck自己做了行动，所以B选项正确。C选项“默克公司将其消费者部门放弃，因为拜耳的投资人控制了他们。”比对原文，没有相关描述，故排除。D 选项“默克公司将其消费者部门出让，因为该公司受到辉瑞和强生的影响”，对比原文，前后没有关联性。故排除！

(3).According to the author, Neil Woodford ______.（分数：2.00）

A.was accused of binding four FTSE100 companies together

B.had the final say on the core medicines and vaccines outfit in GSK

C.criticized the GSK for its wrong doing in the stock market √

D.was anticipating greater pressure on drug prices

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。由Neil Woodford定位到第三段首句：Neil Woodford，an influential shareholder in many pharma companies, including the British drug firm GSK，accused it in January of being four FTSE 100 companies bolted together．这个题目就是考查对这句话的理解：主干：Neil Woodford accused it in January of being four FTSE100 companies bolted together．其中it=GSK；搭配：accuse A of B, being four FTSE100 companies bolted together，这个结构属于复合动名词短语。参考译文：尼尔·伍德福德在许多制药公司中都是有影响力的股东，其中包括英国制药公司葛兰素史克公司，他在1月份指责葛兰素史克将四家富时100公司绑在一起。KK三步宝典：K2替换。A 选项“尼尔·伍德福德被控告将四家富时100公司绑在一起”，直接排除！B选项“尼尔·伍德福德对于葛兰素史克的核心药物和疫苗部门有最终决定权”，原文说“尼尔·伍德福德在许多投药公司中都是有影响力的股东，其中包括英国制药公司葛兰素史克公司”，但没有说had the final say！所以是错误的，排除！C选项“指责葛兰素史克公司在股票市场的错误行为”，其中criticized=accused wrong doing in stock market=将四家富时100公司绑在一起：这就是同意替换！D选项“尼尔·伍德福德期待药品价格有更大的压力”，对比原文，没有相关描述，故排除。

(4).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph Four?（分数：2.00）

A.Consumer divisions may prevent patent disapproval in drug inventing.

B.The uncertainty of inventing drugs could be smoothed by the consumer divisions. √

C.The rise of the drug price in America was caused by Hillary Clinton's remark.

D.Advocates of diversification were encouraged by the GSK's performance in drugs.

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：Kl定位和K2替换。四个选项分别对应第四段的句子：A和B对应第二句：Consumer divisions smooth out the bumpy revenue that comes with the uncertain business of inventing drugs—which may fail to win approval, and eventually come off patent.（消费者部门可以理顺制药的不确定收人——药物可能无法获得批准，最终无法获得专利。）所以A．Consumer divisions

may prevent patent disapproval in drug inventing．“消费者部门可能会防止制药过程中的专利不被通过”，就是不对的！故应排除！加了may也不对！所谓消费者部门就是生产普通产品的部门，比如洗发水或者是药妆BB霜。B．The uncertainty of inventing drugs could be smoothed by the consumer divisions．“制药的不确定性是可以被消费者部门所理顺的。"所谓理顺就是弥补的意思。B为正确选项。C．选项对应这句：Hillary Clinton sharply criticised the industry's decisions on pricing…“希拉里·克林顿严厉批评该行业的定价决定……”，C．The rise of the drug price in America is caused by Hillary Clinton’s remark．“希拉里的言论造成了美国药品价格的上涨。"这就可以直接排除了吧！希拉里批评了药价上升。而非她的言论造成了药价上涨。D．Advocates of diversification were encouraged by the GSK’8 performance in drugs．看好了！最后一句说的是GSK’s performance在consumer health and vaccines的表现！而不是drag的表现！偷换！排除！有同学说：vaccines也是药。就你懂得多?我就是故意在这里设置的一个偷换。就想告诉你多元化经营的支持者就是受到了药企中非医药部门的表现之鼓励！我不和你争vaccines是不是drug！你就是没读懂！好好接受就行！别纠结了。

(5).What can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）

A.The firms, which are likely to buy others, should be slim and flexible.

B.Japan's Takeda would be the last one to be on the prowl for acquisitions.

C.Pfizer could hardly strengthen its oncology products without Medivation's help.

D.Focus and diversification debate would last for a while to be settled. √

解析：解析：推断题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。A选项“有可能购买其他公司的都是精简而灵活的公司”．根据slim定位到末段第一句：Even firms that publicly profess a desire to slim down are likely to buy others．（甚至那些公开声称希望精简的公司都很可能收购其他公司），所以，至少公开声称希望精简的公司不是精简的公司，故排除。B选项“日本武田制药公司是最后一个表示正在积极寻找收购的公司”，通过Japan’s Takeda定位到末段第三句：Japan’s Takeda is the latest to indicate that it is on the prowl for acquisitions．（日本武田制药公司最近表示正在积极寻找收购的项目）。没有相关表达，故排除。（latest和last写法相近，容易产生误判，需要仔细甄别。) C选项“如果没有Medivation的帮助，辉瑞很难加强其肿瘤产品”，这是一个强干扰项，根据Medivation定位到末段第六句：Pfizer's purchase of Medivation，for example，allows the bigger firm to bolster its oncology portfolio．（例如辉瑞购买Medivation将允许这家更大的公司支持其肿瘤组合），可见购买Medivation会加强其肿瘤组合，但也不排除通过其他途径来加强，故排除C选项。D．Focus and divetsification debate would last for a while to be settled“集中经营和多元化经营的争论需要持续一段时间才能解决”对应最后一句：However much pharma bosses and investors debate the merits of focus versus diversification，they will keep doing deals．（不论制药公司老板及投资者仍在讨论的专业化与多样化的优劣有多频繁，他们仍会继续进行协约。）而且这个题目完全可以使用主题为王！

In Bavaria's Holledau region endless rows of hop bines and grain field still undulate through the hills as they have for centuries; but today they share the south-facing slopes with solar panels. Germany's Energiewende ("energy transition" or "revolution") has transformed its countryside. The main tool in this transition is a policy of subsidising renewable power. Germany guarantees investors in green energy that their electricity is fed into the grid before that from conventional sources, and at high prices fixed for 20 years. Thanks to this support, the share of renewable energy in German electricity generation has gone from 3.6% in 1990 to 30% last year. But although green energy is subsidised in most of the EU and America, Germany's efforts are unusually generous. Consumers pay the price of the subsidies—more than €20 billion ($22 billion) each year—through their electricity bills. As a result, Germany's renewables law has long been in need of reform. In July, after much wrangling, the German parliament finally changed it. The government will still determine the volume of renewable-energy capacity it wants added each year, to try and slow climate change. Its target is for 40-45% of electricity to be generated from renewables by 2025, 55-60% by 2035 and at least 80% by 2050. But from next year the fixed sum paid in feed-in tariffs to everyone supplying renewable power will be replaced with auctions in which investors place sealed bids to build new wind or solar farms. Those who offer to do it for the lowest price will win, and only they will be paid for the power they supply. This reform is

an important step toward a market economy, says Patrick Graichen of Agora Energiewende, a think-tank. But problems remain. The new reform does not address the more fundamental flaws in the Energiewende. The first is that even as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation rises, overall production is so far not getting cleaner, as measured by emissions. One reason is the snap decision after the disaster at Fukushima in 2011 by Angela Merkel, the chancellor, to phase out nuclear power (which emits no greenhouse gases) by 2022. While renewables can easily compensate for this missing nuclear capacity on windy and sunny days, other energy sources are needed for the rest. Environmentally, gas-fired power plants would be the next best option, but they are more expensive to run than coal-fired plants. And so Germany continues to rely on dirty lignite and only slightly less dirty hard coal.Alongside this, the Energiewende has so far focused almost entirely on electricity generation. But electricity accounts for only about 21% of energy consumed in Germany, with the rest used to drive cars and trucks and to heat homes. Renewable sources play a negligible role in these sectors. Electric vehicles remain more of a marketing dream than reality. Too few Germans drive them to make the air cleaner, though this may change in the wake of the Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal last year.（分数：10.00）

(1).Which of the following is true when it comes to Holledau region?（分数：2.00）

A.It is the place where Energiewende has initiated.

B.The solar panels here outnumber ones from other regions.

C.It is a place where more solar power could be used by scientists.

D.It is a place transformed by the German energy revolution. √

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：由Holledau定位到首段首句：In Bavaria’s Holledau region endless rows of hop bines and grain field still undulate through the hills as they have for centuries; but today they share the south facing slopes with solar panels．（在巴伐利亚州Holledau地区，无穷无尽的葎草属植物和稻田仍和几百年前一样起伏在山岗上；但今天它们与太阳能电池板共享南向的山坡），所以在这里，来自太阳的能量是可以被利用的，但没有说更多的太阳能可以被科学家利用所以错误！A选项错，原文没有提到Holledau是能源革命的发源地。B选项属于未提及选项，原文没有提到比较数量，故排除。D选项其实来自下一句。Germany's Energiewende （"energy transition" or "revolution"）has transformed its countryside．由上一句中的grain field 可以知道Holledau region是乡村。所以德国乡村被技术革命改变了，这里是乡村这里也被改变了。典型的模糊替换！

(2).According to the author, the feed-in tariffs ______.（分数：2.00）

A.would be replaced by renewable energy in the coming year

B.would stay the same unless the auctions take place in a very pleasant way

C.would face the new replacement of auctions in the coming year √

D.would place sealed bids to build new wind or solar farms

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。由feed-in tariffs定位到第三段第五句：But from next year the fixed sum paid in feed-in tariffs to everyone supplying renewable power will be replaced with auctions in which investors place sealed bids to build new wind or solar farms．（但从明年开始支付给所有提供清洁能源投资者的固定数额电力收购补贴的制度将由投标取代，投资者把建设新风能或太阳能农场的报价密封递价。）KK三步宝典：K2替换。A选项“在来年，收购补贴将会被可再生能源取代”，而原文说但明年开始支付给所有提供清洁能源投资者的固定数额电力收购补贴的制度将由投标取代，并没有说到“收购补贴将会被可再生能源取代”，故排除。B选项“除非拍卖让人觉得非常愉快，否则收购补贴将会保持原样”，原文说“但从明年开始支付给所有提供清洁能源投资者的固定数额电力收购补贴的制度将由投标取代”，可见，明年收购补贴制度就会被取代，至于拍卖是否令人愉悦不是关键点，也不会对结果造成影响，该选项是个强干扰项，误判的同学错误地将in a very pleasant way等同于successfully，错误地认为，只要in a very pleasant way就一定是successfully，然而，这两者并没有必然联系。C选项和from next year the fixed sum paid in feed-in tariffs to everyone supplying renewable power will be replaced是同义替换，故正确。D选项“收购补贴会把建设新风能或太阳能农场的报价密封递价”，比对原文，没有相关表达，故排除。特别说明：好好把第二段读一下，虽然我没有在这段命题，但是这里非常重要！

(3).The overall production is so far ______.（分数：2.00）

A.not getting better because the problems in the Energiewende could not be solved

B.not getting better because there are further steps to be taken

C.not getting better because of the Energiewende's renewable energy policy

D.not getting better because the politician has discontinued the nuclear power gradually √解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。由题干overall production定位到第四段第四句：The first is that even as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation rises，overall production is so far not getting cleaner，as measured by emissions．（第一是虽然可再生能源在电力供应的份额上升。从排放量上看，整体发电到目前并没有变得更清洁。）再看看选项，其实是在问原因！也就是应该定位到下一句：0ne reason is the snap decision after the disaster at Fukushima in 2011 by Angela Merkel，the chancellor，to phase out nuclear power (which emits no greenhouse gases) by 2022．原因之一在于2011年默克尔总理在福岛核灾难后仓促决定要在2022年以前逐步淘汰(没有温室气体排放的)核能。KK三步宝典：K2替换和K3排除。A选项“整体发电到目前并没有变得更清洁，因为能源革命的问题是无法解决的”，对比原文，没有说到能源革命的问题是无法解决的，故排除，误判的同学是定位错误。B选项“整体发电到目前并没有变得更清洁因为还有一些步骤有待完成”这个选项看上去有些逻辑，然而，判断的依据一定是比对原文，原文没有提到更多的步骤，因此属于过度推测，故排除。C选项“整体发电到目前没有变得更清洁，因为能源革命的新能源政策”，对比原文，整体发电到目前并没有变得更清洁，所以这个描述的方向是错的，故排除。D选项“整体发电到目前并没有变得更清洁，因为政治家在逐渐停止核能”，比对原文，同义替换，故正确。其中Angela Merkel，the chancellor=Politician；phase out nuclear power=discontinue the nuclear power gradually。特别说明：phase out=discontinue

(4).What can be inferred from Paragraph Five?（分数：2.00）

A.German people don't need nuclear power because they have enough wind and sunshine.

B.If a region is windy and full of solar energy, what people need is to have a rest.

C.Gas is a more environmentally friendly fuel because it is less expensive than coal.

D.Germany has reluctantly agreed to use the dirty fuel. √

解析：解析：推断题。KK三步宝典：K1定位和K2替换。A选项“德国人不需要核能因为他们有足够的风和阳光”，根据nuclear定位到第五段第一句：While renewables can easily compensate for this missing nuclear capacity on windy and sunny days，other energy sources are needed for the rest. （虽然可再生能源在风大和阳光明媚的日子能够轻易地补充缺失的核能，但其他日子里仍需要其他的能源来源。)可见，还是需要其他的能源，故排除。B选项“如果一个地区风大而且拥有很多的太阳能，人们需要做的就是好好地休息而已”，根据windy定位到第五段第一句：While renewables can easily compensate for this missing nuclear capacity on windy and sunny days, other energy sources are needed for the rest. （虽然可再生能源在风大和阳光明媚的日子能够轻易地补充缺失的核能，但其他日子里仍需要其他的能源来源。）因此，该选项的说法不正确，事实上，原文的rest是指其余的，剩下的，而不是指休息。C选项“燃气是一种更环保的燃料，因为其比煤更便宜”，通过gas定位到第五段第二句：Environmentally，gas-fired power plants would be the next best option，but they are more expensive to run than coal—fired plants．(环保的燃气电厂将是最好的选择，但比燃煤发电厂的运行成本更高。)所以，价格不是更低，故排除。D选项“德国人是不得已使用不清洁的能源”，根据dirty定位到第五段末句：And so Germany continues to rely on dirty lignite and only slightly less dirty hard coal．（所以德国继续依靠肮脏的褐煤和没那么脏的硬煤。）之所以“继续依靠肮脏的褐煤和没那么脏的硬煤”也是没办法的办法，因此，这样的举动是reluctantly （不情愿，不得已地），故正确。

(5).According to the author, the Volkswagen scandal ______.（分数：2.00）

A.may change people's attitudes towards green driving √

B.would change its fans into ones who prefer Volkswagen's electric cars

C.may not make the manufacturer lose its fans

D.happened while renewables could not compensate for the nuclear capacity

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。根据题干Volkswagen定位到末段末句：Too few Germans drive them to make the air cleaner，though this may change in the wake of the Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal last year．（太少的德国人驾驶电动汽车来提高空气质量，虽然这可能会在去年大众柴油车排放

丑闻之后得到改变。）KK三步宝典：K2替换。C选项“大众汽车的丑闻不会使得其掉粉”，根据原文太少的德国人驾驶电动汽车来提高空气质量，虽然这可能会在去年大众柴油车排放丑闻之后得到改变。没有提到粉丝的变化，这属于文中完全没有依据选项，加了may也不对。B选项“大众汽车的丑闻会将其老粉丝变为其电动车的粉丝”，对比原文，没有相关表达，故排除。D选项“大众汽车的丑闻发生之时，新能源还不能弥补核能的缺口”，这个看上去似乎有些道理的选项其实是未提及选项，故排除。A选项“大众汽车的丑闻也许会改变人们对绿色出行的态度”，这个选项看很强的隐秘性，原文说“太少的德国人驾驶电动汽车来提高空气质量，虽然这可能会在去年大众柴油车排放丑闻之后得到改变。”也就是人们的态度可能会发生改变。属同义替换．所以A选项正确，而且还有may！

Early in the morning of August 8th, streams of bleary-eyed and tired passengers arrived at London's Heathrow airport, hoping for a smooth ride across the Atlantic with Delta Airlines, America's second-largest carrier. But most did not realise they were the first victims of the most disruptive IT glitch that has hit an airline in recent years until they got to check-in desks unable to access their details. The snafus—caused by a computer outage 4,000 miles away in Delta's Atlanta HQ—prompted the airline to cancel more than 2,000 flights, delay several hundred thousand passengers' journeys, and in some places go back to printing boarding passes on dot-matrix machines fit to be museum pieces. The chaos highlights how vulnerable big firms are to their IT systems crashing. The airline's chief operating officer, Gil West, later admitted that a malfunctioning power-control system at its data centre was to blame. Unable to access customer records or to compile passenger lists ahead of aircraft take-offs to meet security requirements, the entire airline ground to a halt for around five hours. Such accidents can happen, even to a company such as Delta whose systems were thought by aviation analysts to be better than those of its rivals. Only last month Southwest was forced to cancel 2,300 flights because of a faulty router that brought its systems down for 12 hours. Last September American Airlines suspended flights for several hours from Dallas/Fort Worth, its largest hub, after a similar glitch. What is more surprising is that it took Delta so long to get its computers running again. It has lately spent hundreds of millions of dollars on IT upgrades. But airlines' systems are hugely complex beasts. If data is not properly backed up, for instance, it can take days to reload and make sure hundreds of connected subsystems work. "Technology is like painting a bridge. Work is never done," Delta's chief information officer, Rahul Samant, said in June. One reason for the complexity is that airlines were early adopters of computerised systems. They built their first electronic reservation systems in the early 1950s; Delta's current system once belonged to a defunct airline that went bust in 1982. But as airlines merged and more new functions were added—from crew scheduling to passenger check-in and bag tracing—they have come to resemble technological hair-balls in which one small problem quickly spirals into bigger ones that even experts struggle to disentangle. Yet bosses in the industry say they are reluctant to replace their systems. For an airline, it would cost billions of dollars and take five years to do. Worse still, no single IT firm has the skills to provide all the software needed for a complete replacement. With the average tenure of airline CEOs so short, the risks of such a project going wrong outweigh the benefits. It is hard for any firm to entirely eliminate IT glitches; for many it simply isn't worth it.（分数：10.00）

(1).The passengers of Delta Airlines are mentioned to ______.（分数：2.00）

A.show the early morning flight is usually exhausting for the airline passengers

B.introduce the topic of the IT system stability in the airlines around the world √

C.show the Delta Airlines cannot guarantee the service quality of the flight

D.show the cancelled flight will always bother the morning flight passengers

解析：解析：例证题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。文章开头的例子一定是为了引出主题的，刚好B选项中有introduce所以可以首先锁定B选项。不用怀疑，这就是规律！我再次强调这就是规律！KK三步宝典：K2替换。这里的替换就是买一赠一了，原文中：But most did not realise they were the first victims of the most disruptive IT glitch that has hit an airline in recent years until they got to check．in

desks unable to access their details．其实就是选项中的：the IT system stability in the airlines around the world（全球航空公司IT系统的可靠性问题。）KK三步宝典：K3排除。introduce直接干掉其他三个选项！

(2).Delta Air Lines grounded to a halt for around five hours in that ______.（分数：2.00）

A.Gil West failed in dealing with it

B.someone at its data centre was to blame

C.certain power-control system could not work √

D.passengers could meet security requirements

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。①根据题干grounded to a halt for around five hours 定位到第二段最后一句，即线索句一：Unable to access customer records or to compile passenger lists ahead of aircraft take-offs to meet security requirements，the entire airline ground to a halt for around five hours．然而，选项A、B、c与此无关，选项D与此相反，故排除线索句一，并排除选项D。②排除线索句一，寻找线索句二，这里先看线索句一在段落中的前后句，因为已经是末句，所以直接看其前一句。The airline’s chief operating officer，Gil West，later admitted that a malfunctioning power-control system at its data centre was to blame．KK三步宝典：K2替换。根据K1得到的线索句二：The airline’s chief operating officer，Gil West, later admitted that a malfunctioning power-control system at its data centre was to blame(达美航空的首席运营官吉尔·维斯特后来承认罪魁祸首是数据中心一个出现故障的电源控制系统)比对A、B、C选项(选项D已经被K1排除)。选项A，吉尔·维斯特在处理该问题的时候失败。比对原文，属于未提及选项。故排除。选项B，罪魁祸首是数据中心的某个人。比对原文，应该是“电源控制系统”，而不是人，属于偷梁换柱选项。故排除。选项C，某个电源控制系统无法正常工作。C和原文意思一致，事实上，could not work就是malfunctioning的同义替换。故正确。KK三步宝典：K3排除。K1定位和K2替换自然排除了A、B、D，针对本题而言，K3可以省略。且定位正确，与主题相符。C为正确选项。（特别说明：定位不能忽略题干。当定位句没有提供选项内容，且定位没有错误，可以关注定位句所在段中的前后句。因为，如果上升一个层面，段落是文章的。）

(3).Why is the system of the airlines so complicated?（分数：2.00）

A.One small problem will bring reservation systems down.

B.New functions were added to the early users of airlines.

C.Airlines introduced the IT system in early days. √

D.Its system was introduced in Airlines' infancy.

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位到段落第一句：One reason for the complexity is that airlines were early adopters of computerised systems．（如此复杂的一个原因就在于航空公司是电脑化系统最早的使用者。）KK三步宝典：K2替换和K3排除。由定位句可知，A和B都属于定位错误！只有C和D定位正确。我不太理解为什么会有人选A和B。因为第一句就说了复杂性的原因。还有人说看but后！你不尊重题干！活该选错！A) One small problem will bring reservation systems down.文中说的是：一个小问题可以快速发展成即使专家也很难理清的大问题。没有说会让预定系统瘫痪啊！B)New functions were added to the early users of the airlines．文中说了新功能被加到航空公司的IT系统上了。但是并没有说加到早期的航空公司的用户上啊！当然A和B主要是定位错误！C)Airlines introduced the IT system in early days．航空公司在很早就用了IT系统。这个in early days就不知道是什么时候了啊！是在航空很早的时候呢？还是在IT系统很早的时候，这样就对了！模糊替换！刚好可以对应原文：复杂性的一个原因在于航空公司是电脑化系统最早的使用者。D)IT system was introduced in Airlines’infancy．这个选项就是吃了实在的亏，不是在航空公司的初创期（airline's infancy）IT system被引入，而是在IT system的早期，一定不要被出题人“狗带”啊！

(4).It's hard for experts to solve the problems in the airline software system because ______.（分数：2.00）

A.new functions are making the situation worse √

B.Delta's system once went bust in 1982

C.passengers increased as airlines merged

D.the system was built in 1950

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：Kl定位。由题干experts定位到第五段最后一句：But as airlines merged and more new functions were added—from crew scheduling to passenger check—in and bag tracing—they have come to resemble technological hairballs in which one small problem quickly spirals into bigger ones that even experts struggle to disentangle．KK三步宝典：K2替换。线索句的意思为：“但随着航空公司合并和更多功能的添加——从乘务调度到乘客办理登机手续到行李跟踪——这些系统开始变得像技术毛团，一个小问题可以快速发展成即使专家也很难理清的大问题。”也就是说，公司合并和功能的添加，使得小问题变成大问题。选项A“新功能使得情况不断恶化”。这里making the situation worse(情况恶化)和resemble technological hairballs in which one small problem quickly spirals into bigger ones是同义替换。事实上，这里是一个比喻的修辞手法，把面临的问题比喻成了越来越大的毛球。因此，选项A正确。选项D、B为无关选项，因为线索句中没有出现1950或1982。比对选项C，线索句中并没有谈到乘客人数增加，更没有说人数增加导致系统问题无法被解决。KK三步宝典：K3排除。因为定位准确，分析到位，无需进一步排除其他选项。没有必要在A、B两个选项上浪费时间。事实上，A、B选项分别是通过对第五段二、三句偷梁换柱得到的干扰项。特别说明：因果关系。有同学认为C 选项提到了airlines merged，和线索句里的but as airlines merged and more new functions were added 相关，或者说airlines merged和more new functions were added均为后面的理由，所以选项c是正确的。其实，这是混淆了因果关系。选项c认为“随着公司合并，乘客人数增加了”，所以公司合并是原因，是前提，而结果是“乘客人数增加了”。所以选项c陈述的原因是“乘客人数增加了”，而不是“公司合并了”。同一句话，在不同的语境，可以分别代表因或果。

(5).According to this passage, it could be inferred that ______.（分数：2.00）

A.Museum staff prefer dot-matrix machines to the other printers when it comes to printing

B.Aviation analysts believe that American Airlines' system is the best one

C.System replacement could never be fulfilled because no single IT firm can provide all software for replacement

D.The airline CEOs tend not to entirely eliminate IT glitches √

解析：解析：推段题。（这是在江湖上已经消失很久的全文性推理题）KK三步宝典：K1定位。推断题定位的时候，首选依据题干。然而，当题干没有任何定位信息时，转而利用选项定位。选项A的定位词为museum，由此定位到第一段最后一句：The snafus-caused by a computer outage 4,000 miles away in Delta's Atlanta HQ—prompted the airline to cancel more than 2,000 flights，delay several hundred thousand passengers’journeys，and in some places go back to printing boarding passes on dot-matrix machines fit to be museum pieces。选项B由aviation定位到第三段第一句：Such accidents can happen, even to a company such as Delta whose systems were thought by aviation analysts to be better than those of its rivals．选项C由complete replacement定位到第六段第三句：Worse still，no single IT firm has the skills to provide all the software needed for a complete replacement. 选项D由CEOs定位到第六段第四句：With the average tenure of airline CEOs so short, the risks of such a project going wrong outweigh the benefits．It is hard for any firm to entirely eliminate IT glitches；for many it simply isn’t worth it．KK三步宝典：K2替换。选项A说，相比其他的打印机，博物馆的员工更喜欢用针式打印机。而线索句“The snafus—caused by a computer outage 4,000 miles away in Delta’s Atlanta HQ—prompted the airline to cancel more than 2,000 flights，delay several hundred thousand passengers’ journeys，and in some places go back to printing boarding passes on dot-matrix machines fit to be museum pieces.”说“并且在一些地方居然还在用(适合在博物馆陈列的)针式打印机打印登机牌。”这里，fit to be museum pieces是一个后置定语，修饰dot-matrix machines，讽刺针式打印机早已过时，只能在博物馆才能找到。通过比对，排除选项A。选项B说，航空分析师认为美国航空的系统是业界最佳。而线索句“Such accidents call happen，even to a company such as Delta whose systems were thought by aviation analysts to be better than those of its rivals．”说，“这种事故可能发生，甚至对于航空分析师认为系统优于竞争对手的达美，也不例外”，因此最佳的是达美航空，而不是美国航空。选项B是偷梁换柱。通过比对排除选项B。选项C说，系统修护永远无法实现，因为没有任何一家IT公司有能力为完整替换提供所需的所有软件。而线索句“Worse still，no single IT firm has the skills to provide all the software needed for a complete replacement”说“更糟的是，没有任何一家IT公司有能力为完整替换提供所需的所有软件”，可见，并没有出现system replacement

could never be fulfilled的相关信息。因此，定位需要继续。然而，线索句开头为Worse still这是一个顺承的承上启下表达，因此，可以将线索句定位到此句之前一句。也就是线索句二For an airline, it would cost billions of dollars and take five years to do. 由此，得知“对于一家航空公司，这(系统修护)将耗资数十亿美元，并需要5年才能完成。”换句话说，系统理论上是可以被修复的。通过比对，排除C。选项D说，航空公司的CEO们不倾向于完全消除技术故障。而线索句“With the average tenure of airline CEOs so short，the risks of such a project going wrong outweigh the benefits. It is hard for any firm to entirely eliminate IT glitches; for many it simply isn’t worth it.”说，航空公司首席执行官的平均任期如此之短，此类项目失败的风险超过收益。对于任何公司来说，完全消除技术故障十分困难；而对于很多公司来说，这根本就不值得。可见，CEO们不愿意冒险来消除技术故障。选项D是对此句的同义替换。KK三步宝典：K3排除。对于选项A、B、C来说，定位都比较单一，死磕线索句即可。对于选项D，如果无法很好地进行同义替换，可以二次定位。方法是用CEO的近义词boss来定位，于是找到线索句二，第六段第一句：Yet bosses in the industry say they are reluctant to replace their systems．（然而，这个行业的老板们说自己不愿意更换系统），明确告知老板不愿意，CEO的态度不言而喻。

Jeffrey Cohn and J. P. Flaum surveyed and interviewed the managing partners of 32 private equity firms (including Blackstone, Carlyle, KKR and Silver Lake) about their CEO search process and how it has changed over time. Among the surprises: Executives said they've learned to pay less attention to attributes such as track record and experience, the criteria typically most prized by recruiters, and to give more weight to softer skills. The researchers drew the following conclusions: Experience is overrated. When filling a CEO position, there's comfort in hiring someone with prior CEO and industry experience. But the first criterion can dramatically narrow the pool, and the second can yield, candidates who are so familiar with the industry that they're hidebound or likely just to recycle the strategic playbook from their last job. Similarly, overemphasizing quantifiable success in prior positions can be misleading, because results are often a function of "right place/right time" or organizational or team factors rather than one individual. And even within an industry, different competitive positions can demand very different skills—cost cutting versus product innovation versus business model change, for instance. Team-building skills are paramount. Of the 13 attributes included in the survey, the highest ranked was a candidate's ability to assemble a high-performing team. That makes sense, because many PE investments involve turnarounds in which the new CEO must completely rebuild the C-suite. To avoid leaders who won't excel at building teams, PE execs say, they watch out for candidates who use "I" too much when talking about accomplishments or who display so much intellectual horsepower that they come across as arrogant, which can inhibit hiring and developing A-level talent. Urgency outranks empathy. PE firms operate with strict timetables for when a company should be improved and the investment recouped through sale or IPO. (The typical goal is five years.) This ticking clock means that a portfolio company CEO can expect close oversight and faces heightened expectations a-bout the speed with which cost cuts or revenue growth will take place. While this doesn't mean that a CEO shouldn't listen to customers or show concern for employees, it does require moving decisively and without regrets. Resilience is a must. Parents understand that building resilience in children is important to character; PE types, too, cite it as an important leadership virtue. They've become skeptical about candidates who have skipped seamlessly from success to success. "PE firms want to see that a candidate has faced setbacks, made errors, and run adrift—yet lived to fight another day," according to the researchers' report. This attribute is especially important because in turnaround situations, leaders are likely to encounter some negative results.

A final difference between private equity and public company CEO hiring: PE execs tend to judge very quickly—usually within nine months—whether a new hire is working out. Compared with public company directors, they are quick to engineer a failing CEO's exit—and when they think back, they often wish they'd moved even more quickly.（分数：10.00）

(1).According to the third paragraph, a "hidebound" candidate would probably ______.（分数：

2.00）

A.try new methods while working

B.work in a reluctant way

C.be bound to his former boss

D.be unlikely to change √

解析：解析：词汇题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。返回原文找到包含题干的句子：But the first criterion can dramatically narrow the pool，and the second can yield candidates who are so familiar with the industry that they’re hidebound or likely just to recycle the strategic playbook from their last job．（但第一项标准会大大缩小备选范围，而第二个标准会得出那些因为过于熟悉行业而因循守旧的候选人，这些人很有可能只是在重复上一份工作的战略储备）。从句子意思得知，hidebound是负面词汇，而选项A在工作中尝试新方法”，这是一种正面积极的含义，故排除。选项C“和前任老板关系密切”，是中性意义，故排除。剩下选项B和D。KK三步宝典：K2替换。仔细研读K1得出的线索句，不难发现，修饰candidates的定语从句who are so familiar with the industry that they’r e hidebound or likely just to recycle the strategic playbook from their last job包含着一个核心结构，即为so familiar that they are AA or CC，这里familiar是唯一原因，that后面的AA和CC是两个结果，且因为or是并列连词，所以，AA和CC是近义表达。所以，AA的含义从CC可以得出。CC说(are)likely just to recycle the strategic playbook from their last job(很有可能只是在重复上一份工作的战略储备)。而通过比对，D选项be unlikely to change“不太可能做出改变”就是该表达的同义替换，故正确。对于选项B．work in a reluctant way“不情愿地工作”，和原句有偏差，故排除。KK三步宝典：K3排除。如果在B和D之间徘徊，可以将其分别代人原句检验，代入B后，原句变为：因为他们太熟悉这个行业，所以他们很不情愿地在工作。句子意义不通且违背常理，故排除。特别说明：词汇题也可以从词汇词根方面入手。本题中hidebound是hide和bound的合成词，hide是“逃避”的意思，bound是“被束缚”的意思，合起来就有“因循守旧”的意思。分析构词，再结合原文的描述，有助于提高正确率。

(2).In the PE execs' mind, which one of the following people may excel at building teams?（分数：2.00）

A.People who do not use the word "I" when speaking to the boss.

B.People who do not emphasize the significance of accomplishments.

C.People who care more about the team members. √

D.People who show very low intelligence.

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。由题干的PE execs和building teams定位到第四段第四句：To avoid leaders who won’t excel at building teams，PE execs say，they watch out for candidates who use “I” too much when talking about accomplishments or who display so much intellectual horsepower that they come across as arrogant，which can inhibit hiring and developing A-level talent．（私募高管们说，为了避开那些不擅长建立团队的领导，他们小心提防那些谈到成绩时使用“我”过于频繁或展现过多智力而显得傲慢的候选人，因为这能影响招聘和培养一级人才。）KK三步宝典：K2替换。线索句很长，可以用选项分步比对。选项A．People who does not use the word“I”when speaking to th e boss“和老板说话时不用‘我’这个词的人”，而原文说的是they watch out for candidates who use“I”too much when talking about accomplishments“他们小心提防那些谈到成绩时使用‘我’过于频繁”的。前提是“谈成绩”不是所有的“说话”。故排除。选项B．People who does not emphasize the significance of accomplishments“不强调成绩重要性的人”。而原文是they watch out for candidates who use“I”too much when talking about accomplishments，（他们小心提防那些谈到成绩时使用‘我’过于频繁的），显然，老板关注的是此人是否太突出自我，而不是太强调成绩重要性，故排除。选项C．People who cares more about the team members“更关心团队成员的人”，原文讲的是：they watch out for candidates who use“I”too much when talking about accomplishments or who display so much intellectual horsepower that they come across as arrogant，which can inhibit hiring and developing A-level talent(他们小心提防那些谈到成绩时使用“我”过于频繁或展现过多智力而显得傲慢的候选人，因为这能影响招聘和培养一级人才）。所以，老板喜欢有团队意识的人，同义替换以后即为答案。选项D．Peo ple who shows very low intelligence“表现出很低智商的人”，原文说的who display so much

intellectual horsepower that they come across as arrogant（展现过多智力而显得傲慢的候选人），可见，老板排斥的是展现智力而带来的傲慢，并不是智力本身的问题。特别说明：“某人不喜欢A”，不等于说“某人喜欢B”，因为有可能“某人喜欢C”。

(3).A portfolio company CEO, who believes that urgency outranks empathy, may ______.（分数：

2.00）

A.wear a ticking watch to tell him the right time to improve a company

B.want to speed up the growing of revenue for his own purpose

C.firstly show concern for employees

D.expect intensive supervision √

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。根据题干portfolio company CEO和urgency outranks empathy 定位到第五段第四句：This ticking clock means that a portfolio company CEO can expect close oversight and faces heightened expectations about the speed with which cost cuts or revenue growth will take place．（滴答的时钟意味着投资组合公司的首席执行官期望密切监督，并要面对有关于削减成本或收入增长速度的高期望。）KK三步宝典：K2替换。依次比对四个选项，选项A．wear a ticking watch to tell him the right time to improve a company，“让嘀嗒响的手表告知他何时推进公司发展”，原文并没有提到此项，属于未提及选项，故排除。选项B．want to speed up the growing of revenue for his own purpose“自发地想要加快收入增长的速度”。原文是faces heightened expectations about the speed with which cost cuts or revenue growth will take place（要面对有关于削减成本或收人增长速度的高期望）。face一词是面对，也是被动的迎接，和选项A的自发不一致，看似没有区别，实则天壤之别，所以排除。也许有同学会说：“面对了以后，不就是要自发地去做吗？”这是一种过度推断，面对的结果可以是去做，也可以是不做。故排除B。选项C. firstly show concern for employees“首先去关心员工”。在定位句中，没有发现相关信息，因此是未提及选项，故排除，选C的同学是受到线索句下一句的无关干扰，并且对其理解错误。干扰句说“不能不注意员工”，并没有说“首先要注意员工”。选项D．expect intensive supervision“期望密切的监管”，和原文expect close oversight是同义替换，故D正确。特别说明：考研阅读要求考生准确地把握语言的主动／被动性，面对期待和提出期待是两种迥然相异的态度。

(4).According to the 6th paragraph, for PE firms, a candidate of resilience should ______.（分数：2.00）

A.make mistakes from time to time

B.have a longer life span to fight against his rivals

C.not stay in one position for a long time

D.pull himself together in front of failures √

解析：解析：细节题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。根据题干the 6th paragraph和a candidate of resilience 定位到第六段第五句：“PE firms want to see that a candidate has faced setbacks，made errors, and run adrift—yet lived to fight another day，”according to the researchers’report．（根据研究人员的报告，“私募股权公司想要看到一个受过挫折、犯过错、随波逐流过却又卷土重来的候选人。”）KK三步宝典：K2替换。双引号中的句子是一个整体，其中涉及has faced setbacks，made errors，and run adrift以及yet lived to fight几种特点，每一个特点都是必要因素。因此，缺少了部分因素则不可取。选项A．make mistakes from time to time“不时地犯错误”，原文说，犯过错又卷土重来的人，故排除。选项B．have a longer life span to fight against his rivals“拥有更长的寿命来抗击对手”，原文yet lived to fight another day（改日卷土重来），通过比对，意思偏差，故排除。选项C．not stay in one position for a long time“不在一个岗位上待太长时间”，原文说run adrift—yet lived to fight another day（随波逐流过却又卷土重来的候选人），所以，选项C涉及的因素不够，排除。选项D．pull himself together in front of failures“遇到失败后振作起来”，in front of failures替换has faced setbacks，made errors，and run adrift，选项D和原文是同义替换，故正确。

(5).According to this passage, which of the following could be an ideal CEO candidate for the private equity firms?（分数：2.00）

A.One with 20 years of related working experience, a non-stop leading figure among the peers.

B.One who cares about the employees, doing all the work by himself to relieve the team members.

C.One who is tough and decisive, with limited working experience. √

D.One who is a resilient team leader, with a sense of urgency, not accepted by the talents in his team.

解析：解析：推断题。KK三步宝典：K1定位。由于是推断题，首先从题干定位，题干问“哪一位是理想的CEO候选人？”根据之前的阅读，得知文章的第三、四、五、六段刚好阐述的是这个问题。然而，恰好每一段都包含段首的主题句，因此，该题简化为，用四个选项分别比对三、四、五、六段的段首句。分别是Experience is overrated（经验被高估了），Team-building skills are paramount（团队建设能力十分重要），Urgency outranks empathy（紧迫感比同情重要）和Resilience is a must（坚强品质也是必需的）。KK三步宝典：K2替换。比对四个选项，选项A．One with 20 years of related working experience，a non-stop leading fig ure among the peers “有20年从业经验，奋斗不息的行业领袖”，比对原文Experience is overrated（经验被高估了），也就是说经验不重要，故排除。选项B．One who cares about the employees，doing all the work by himself to relieve the team members“关心员工，事必躬亲来为员工减负的人”，对照原文Urgency outranks empathy（紧迫感比同情重要），事必躬亲的领导即为“同情比紧迫感重要”，意思相反，故排除。选项C．One who is tough and decisive, with limited working experience“坚强的，果敢的，但经验有限的人”，对照原文Resilience is a must（坚强品质也是必需的），Urgency outranks empathy（紧迫感比同情重要），Experience is overrated（经验被高估了），在这里通过同义替换，最后得出选项C和原文符合，故正确。选项D．One who is a resilient team leader，with a sense of urgency，not accepted by the talents in his team“一个坚强的领袖，很有紧迫感，只是无法被团队的精英接纳”，可见，最后一点与Team-building skills are paramount（团队建设能力十分重要）相左，所以排除。特别说明：如果未能遵循KK三步法，而直接从选项开始定位，则是事倍功半。

4.Part B

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

[A] Big money and ideas from musicians, soldiers and private-equity gurus are behind major medal hauls.[B] Yet the transformation of Britain's performance in the Olympics remains a remarkable tale.[C] Britain not only has spent huge amounts on achieving Olympic success but also has been meticulous in how the funding is used.[D] But success for the elite has come at a time of falling sports participation in Britain, with the decline greatest among the poor.[E] The model has been unashamedly ruthless, concentrating on disciplines with the best medal prospects while ditching losers.[F] UK Sport has borrowed from a wide array of fields in pursuit of an edge.[G] Yet cash alone cannot explain all of Team GB's success: for the 2012 games, South Korea and Japan spent over three times more than Britain and had worse returns. It seems hardly an auspicious time to release a book on Britain's Olympic success. Numerous scandals—accusations of bullying, sexism and failure to keep proper records of drugs—are engulfing British Cycling, a symbol of national glory. 1 In 1996, Britain's "team of shame" came 36th in the medal table, below Algeria, Ireland and North Korea. At the London games of 2012, Team GB (as the United Kingdom's squad is officially known) won 65 medals, up from 15 in 1996. Britain performed even better in Rio last year, winning 27 golds and 67 medals in all, finishing second, above China, in the overall medal table, defying the trend of host nations' sliding down the tables in the following games. These hauls have been a triumph for detailed and ambitious planning, as Owen Slot, a sports writer for The Times, explains in an engaging book. Huge spikes in cash have helped. Across Olympic and Paralympic sports, UK Sport, Britain's funding body, spent ￡69m ($89m) on Sydney 2000 but almost ￡350m on Rio 2016.

2. UK Sport adopts the mindset of an investor seeking the best returns wherever they can be found.

3. Even among the sports that do receive funding, cash is diverted to a tiny coterie of elite athletes: the ￡21m allocated to swimming before Rio was focused on nine "Golden Children". Before Rio 2016, Liam Tancock, Britain's best male swimmer of recent times, lost his funding largely because he would turn 31 before the games—past his prime. Mr. Slot's attention to detail turns up some fascinating facts. East German-style national talent-scouting programmes were created,

producing Olympic medallists from those who had never previously played the sport—in the process debunking a widespread notion that 10,000 hours are needed to achieve excellence in a skill. Coaches were hooked up to heart-rate-variance monitors, to understand how to manage their stress levels better, and Team GB's managers analysed the optimal way to coach athletes of different sexes. Teams engaged parents about the best techniques for nurturing high-performance athletes. The British Olympic Association made its first reconnaissance mission to Brazil, to find ideal hotels and training facilities, six years before Rio 2016. 4 Music schools and military special forces were asked for advice on spotting talent and performing under pressure, and an expert in turning around flagging businesses, borrowed from a private-equity firm, helped improve British shooting's meagre performance. Mr. Slot's book is written in conjunction with Simon Timson and Chelsea Warr, two of Team GB's directors of performance, who contribute a brief summary of lessons after each chapter. Their input is double-edged: it ensures that the book provides an unrivalled look inside UK Sport's medal-factory, but may also keep Mr. Slot from tackling some subjects with complete independence. The increased investment in the Olympics and the subsequent bonanza of medals, may have given Britain a reason to hold its head high. 5 For all the successes, the question lurking beneath this book is an uncomfortable one. In an era of austerity and impoverished grassroots sport, has the price of these medals been too great?

（分数：10.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：G）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）

解析：解析：空格上文指出，对奥运会投资的不断增加以及随之而来的奖牌潮，可能会让英国有了昂首挺胸的理由。下文提出了在财政紧缩，而且大众对体育兴趣了了的情况下，对奥运奖牌投资的质疑。由此可知，空格内容应与空格前内容构成转折，与下文内容构成顺接关系， D项指出，然而，精英的成功恰逢一个英国体育参与率下降的时代，并且穷人的参与率下降程度最大，故为正确答案。

6.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

7.Translate the following text imto Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except "I'm letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling. "Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, "This step has to be fixed before I'll buy." The owner says, "It's been like that for years." Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can't you? The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：我们大多都被教导要注意说话内容——词语。词语为我们提供了一些信息，但是要领会其中含义我们需借助很多其他信息来源，因此过于依靠词语本身会妨碍交际的有效性。词汇只能传

达出我们所表达的信息中一小部分意思。有时如果我们能听出话外之音，我们就能洞悉某些关联含义，因为我们偶尔会言不由衷。有时我们说一些话只是想“放松放松，并非真的想让你注意我说了些什么，而是想让你注意我的感受。”大多数时候我们说话同时有好几个意思。一位购房者对现在的房主说：“我买这套房子之前这个台阶得修好。”房主回答：“台阶这样已经很多年了。”事实上情况并非如此，房主的潜台词是我不想修。我们能将就，你怎么就不能？探究更全面的话语含义要考虑说话人、说话时间、所处场景以及表达方式。)

解析：

三、 Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)

8.Section III Writing

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

9.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

10.On behalf of the organizing committee, please write a welcome letter of about 100 words to welcome the newcomer to Chinese History Association.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Dear Mr. Thomas, Welcome you to the Chinese History Association! We are delighted that you have joined us and trust that the benefits of membership will meet your expectations. We have entered your membership in the 2017 calendar year. As a member you will automatically receive the Journal of Chinese History semiannually, of which we are justifiably proud, and four quarterly newsletters. We will send occasional mailings as well, including requests for dues, miscellaneous announcements and registration forms for the annual meetings. Our officers are receptive to new ideas. This year's president John Doe will be happy to hear from you. Regards, Li Ming)

解析：

11.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

12.Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：From the cartoon given above, we can observe that there is an old man lying on bed with a board aside carved with Chinese characters "The Inheritor of Dark-red Enameled Pottery". However, an announcement paper is in his mind, reading "The heritage should be passed down to others". The cartoon reflects an interesting and common aspect in our daily life. However, from a deeper perspective, it also reveals the gradual loss of traditional culture in modern society. What exactly leads to this phenomenon? Possible reasons could be listed as follows: for one thing, quite a few people, especially youngsters, hold that Chinese traditional culture is out-dated and of little use in modern society. Perhaps, from their perspectives, traditional culture from the distant past can hardly adapt to or keep pace with the ever-changing new world. Moreover, exotic cultures, to some extent, have also posed a great challenge to the traditional

culture of China. As we can see, a large body of people have been attracted by foreign cultures which feature diversity, novelty, electronic products or even ways of life. However, no one can deny the significance of Chinese traditional culture, which is the crystallization of Chinese wisdom and civilization. An individual or nation showing no respect for the essence of traditional culture cannot be expected to develop or become stronger. Hence, something could and should be done to reverse the inexorable decline with the emphasis on Chinese traditional culture.)

解析：