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湖南科技大学考试试题纸(2卷)

无机化学课程 化学化工学 院(系)

一、选择题:(24分)

1、( ) pH=1.0的硫酸溶液的物质的量浓度是

A. 0.2mol/L

B. 0.1mol/L

C. 0.09mol/L

D. 0.05mol/L

2、( ) 热力学方法是一种宏观的研究方法,关于热力学方法错误的是:

A: 它只讨论大量微观粒子的平均行为,而不管其微观结构;

B: 它只预测过程发生的可能性;

C: 它只针对实际发生的过程;

D: 往往只需知道体系的始、终态和外界条件,就能得到热力学函数的变化情况。

3、( ) 区分广度性质和强度性质两个物理量的标准是看该物理量是否具有加合性,下列都是广度性质的是:

A: H ,G ,T ; B: U ,S ,G ; C: T ,p ,U ; D: p ,S ,W

4、( ) 0.010 mol ?L -1的一元弱碱(8100.1?×=θb K )溶液与等体积水混合后,溶液的pH 值为:

A: 8.7; B: 8.85; C: 9.0; D: 10.5

5、( ) 下列基态原子未成对电子最多的是:

A: 15P ; B: 26Fe ; C: 30Zn ; D: 24Cr

6、( ) 对于反应1/2N 2(g) + 3/2H 2(g) = NH 3(g),当有1 mol N 2参与了反应后,该反应进度和H 2的反应进度分别为:

A: 2 mol ;3 mol ; B: 2 mol ;3/2 mol ; C: 1 mol ;3 mol ; D: 1 mol ;3/2 mol

7、( ) 已知反应 FeO(s) + C(s) → CO(g) + Fe(s) 的θm

r H Δ>0,θm r S Δ>0,(假设θm r H Δ,θm r S Δ不随温度变化而改变)下列说法正确的是:

A: 低温下为自发过程,高温下为非自发过程;

B: 高温下为自发过程,低温下为非自发过程;

C: 任何温度下都为非自发过程;

D: 任何温度下都为自发过程

4、某元素的电子排布式为[Ar]3d34s2,则该元素的原子序数为,在周期表中的位置为。

5、依据范特霍夫规则,在反应物浓度不变时,温度每升高10K,反应速率增加倍,

这主要是增加了分子的数量。

6、由于晶体结构内部的性,使晶体具有规则的几何外形,固定的熔点,各向异性等共同性质。能表现晶体结构一切特征的最小部分称为

7、已知某一级反应的反应速率系数k = 0.0410min-1,该反应的半衰期t0.5=

8、AlCl3,BCl3和BH3气体一般以双聚分子的形式存在,都含有两个_ _键。其中AlCl3的结构为:_ _。

9、已知[Ni(NH3)4]2+的磁矩大于零,[Ni(CN)4]2-磁矩等于零,则前者的空间构型是,它的杂化方式是。

10、As,Sb,Bi的+3氧化态化合物的还原性依的顺序增强,+5氧化态化合物的氧化性依的顺序增强。

三、简答题:(每题5分,共15分)

1、试用杂化轨道理论说明H2O、CCl4、CO32-的中心原子可能采用的杂化类型,并预测其分子或离子的几何构型。

分子或离子中心离子杂化类型分子或离子的几何构型

H2O

CCl4

CO32-

2、亚汞电极E?(Hg22+/Hg) = 0.7973V;标准甘汞电极:E?(Hg2Cl2/Hg) = 0.268V;

饱和甘汞电极:E?(Hg2Cl2/Hg) = 0.2415V,[在KCl饱和溶液中c(Cl-) = 2.8mol·L-1]

k?sp(Hg2Cl2) = 1.4×10-18

计算说明三种含汞电极电势的区别。

3、解释钠的第一电离能I1比镁的I1要小,但钠的第二电离能I2比镁的要大得多;而Be的I1

四、推导下列各物质并写出各步反应的化学方程式(共9分)

一银灰色金属粉末a,溶于稀硫酸得含b溶液,于b溶液中加入一种硫酸盐c,可得一种浅绿色单斜晶体d,在d的水溶液中加入NaOH溶液可得白色(或带绿色)沉淀e,e在空气

中缓慢变成棕色,最终变为f;若适量滴加H2O2溶液于沉淀e中,充分搅拌可得黑色沉淀g;在e的滤液中加入过量的NaOH溶液并加热;有一种可使湿润ph试纸变蓝色的气体h逸出;若将溶液b酸化,再加一滴KMnO4溶液,可得淡黄色溶液i,于i中加入黄血盐{K4[Fe(CN)6]}溶液,立即产生深蓝色的沉淀j。试写出d→j的化学式,并写出a?b, d?e, b + KMnO4和i + 黄血盐溶液的离子方程式。

五、计算题(10+10+12分,共32分)

1、已知反应CO(g)+Cl2(g) = COCl2(g)

在恒容等温条件下进行,373K时KΘ = 1.5×108。

反应开始时c0(CO)=0.0350mol·L-1,c0(Cl2)=0.0270mol·L-1,c0(COCl2)=0。计算373K反应达到平衡时各物种的分压和CO的平衡转化率。

2.根据PbI2的溶度积,计算(在25℃时):

(1) PbI2在水中的溶解度(mol·dm-3);

(2) PbI2在0.010 mol·dm-3KI饱和溶液中Pb2+离子的浓度;

(3) PbI2在0.010 mol·dm-3Pb(NO3)2溶液中的溶解度(mol·dm-3)。

(已知:K sp(PbI2)=8.49×10-9)

3、已知298.15K时,

Δf HΘm[NH3(g)] =-46.11 KJ?mol–1;

SΘm[N2(g)]=191.50 J·K-1·mol-1,

SΘm[H2(g)] =130.57 J·K-1·mol-1,

SΘm[NH3(g)] =192.34 J·K-1·mol-1。

试判断反应N2(g)+3H2(g)=2NH3(g)在298.15K、标准态下正向能否自发?并估算最高反应温度。

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