2013年研究生考试《西医综合》真题及答案二
2013年研究生考试《西医综合》真题及
答案二
一、A型题：1～120题。1～90小题，每小题1.5分;91～120小题，每小题2分，共195分。
1-76题点击即可查看
77. .男性，50岁。体重60kg，行胃癌根治术，其术后每日需要最合适的热量是
A.1500kcal
B.1650kcal
C.1800kcal
D.1950kcal
参考答案：C
78.椎管内阻滞麻醉时，最先受到阻滞的神经是
A.交感神经
B.副交感神经
C.感觉神经
D.运动神经
参考答案：A
79.下列畸形胸部损伤中，对生命威胁最大的是
A.闭合性气胸
B.开放性气胸
C.张力性气胸
D.血气胸
参考答案：C
80.女性，55岁。10天前行胃癌根治术，术后3天拔出胃管开始进流食。3天来进食后半小时出现右上腹胀痛，伴呕吐，吐出物为大量胆汁，吐后症状缓解。此患者最可能的诊断是
A.急性输入袢梗阻
B.慢性输入袢梗阻
C.输出袢梗阻
D.吻合口梗阻
参考答案：B
81.女性，55岁。因结节性甲状腺肿行双侧甲状腺次全切除术，术后病理报告，右叶甲状腺有5mm乳头状癌结节。对此患者进一步的处理是
A.手术切除剩余的右叶甲状腺
B.起初右叶甲状腺加颈淋巴结清扫
C.终生口服甲状腺素纳
D.加用外照射治疗
参考答案：A
82.诊断腹腔隔室综合征(abdominal compartment syndrone)时，膀胱内测得的压力应大于
A.10mmHg
B.15mmHg
C.20mmHg
D.25mmHg
参考答案：C
83.对中国人直肠癌，直肠指诊的发现率是
A.40%
B.50%
C.60%
D.70%
参考答案：D
84.肠梗阻病人不宜使用的麻醉药是
A.氧化亚氮
B.恩氟烷
C.异氟烷
D.七氟烷
参考答案：A
85.男性，82岁。前天饮酒后出现腹部胀痛，小便频，量少，逐渐加重。平时大便干燥，2~3天1次。查体：腹部膨隆，下腹为著，全腹压痛，下腹更重，肌紧张不明显，肠鸣音活跃。经肥皂水灌肠后，排出较多粪块，腹痛无明显缓解。此患者最可能的诊断是
A.急性膀胱炎
B.记性尿潴留
C.乙状结肠扭转
D.习惯性便秘
参考答案：C?
86.下列胆囊疾病中，与胆囊癌发病无关的是
A.胆囊结石>2cm
B.“瓷化”胆囊
C.胆囊腺瘤
D.胆囊胆固醇息肉
参考答案：D
87.目前外科治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症主要目的是
A.解除脾功能亢进
B.改善肝功能
C.预防和治疗曲张静脉出血
D.减少腹水形成
参考答案：C
88.儿童肘部外伤后，鉴别肱骨髁上骨折和肘关节脱位最可靠的体征是
A.肿胀明显
B.活动明显受限
C.畸形
D.肘后三角关系改变
参考答案D
89.最常见的原发性恶性骨肿瘤是
A.骨纤维肉瘤
B.尤文肉瘤
C.软骨肉瘤
D.骨肉瘤
参考答案D
90.颈椎病中发病率最高的类型是
A.脊髓型
B.神经根型
C.椎动脉型
D.交感型
参考答案B
(91~92题共用题干)
男性，48岁。1个月来气短、呼吸困难，1周来发热、咳嗽，B超发现“右侧大梁胸腔积液”。近半年日渐消瘦。查体：T37.5°C，R21次/分，轻度贫血貌，高枕右侧卧位。
91.该患者胸部叩诊不可能出现的体征是
A.右肺叩诊呈实音
B.右肺肝界下移
C.右侧肺底移动度消失
D.心界叩诊向左侧移位
参考答案：A
92.该患者胸部听诊不可能出现的体征是
A.左上肺可闻及支气管肺泡呼吸音
B.右上肺可闻及支气管呼吸音
C.右下腋前线部可闻及胸膜摩擦音
D.右中下肺语音共振消失
参考答案：A
(93~95题共用题干)
女性，48岁。5年来渐进性劳累后心悸、气短，1年来加重，曾有夜间憋醒，需坐起后缓解，既往有关节痛史。检查后发现心脏扩大，可闻及杂音，胸片显示如下
93.该患者最可能的心脏病变是
A.扩张性心肌病
B.风湿性心脏病
C.冠状动脉性心脏病
D.先天性心脏病
参考答案：B
94.该患者可能闻及的心脏杂音是
A.心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音
B.胸骨左缘第三肋间舒张期叹气样杂音
C.胸骨右缘第二肋间收缩期喷射样杂音
D.胸骨左缘第二肋间机器样连续性杂音
参考答案：A
95.按NYHA分级，该患者目前的心功能应是
A.Ⅰ级
B.Ⅱ级
C.Ⅲ级
D.Ⅳ级
参考答案：B
(96~98题共用题干)
男性，60岁。反复哮喘40余年，活动后气短10余年，间断双下肢水肿5年，加重1天入院，吸烟史40年。查体：嗜睡，口唇发绀，颈静脉怒张，桶状胸，双肺可闻及干湿啰音，心率110次/分，心率整，肝肋下3.0cm，双下肢水肿。血气分析示pH7.26，PaO2 45mmHg，PaCO2 75mmHg。
96.下列治疗措施错误的是
A.积极控制感染
B.应用无创呼吸机改普通气
C.应用5%碳酸氢钠纠正酸中毒
D.应用支气管舒张剂
参考答案：C
97.经治疗后病情有好转，神志清醒。数日后出现烦躁，有时抽搐，血气分析pH7.49，PaO2 66mmHg，PaCO2 55mmHg，BE +15mmol/L，上述情况最可能是
A.失代偿性代谢性碱中毒
B.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒
C.呼吸性碱中毒合并代谢性碱中毒
D.失代偿性呼吸性酸中毒
参考答案：B
98.经治疗后症状好转出院，出院后应采取的措施不包括
A.长期口福小剂量糖皮质激素
B.戒烟
C.长期使用长效支气管舒张剂
D.长期家庭氧疗
参考答案：A
(99~101题共用题干)
男性，50岁。胃溃疡病史10年，近2个月患者腹痛加重，失去规律，经多种药物治疗无效，体重下降。查体：浅表淋巴结无肿大，腹平软，上腹部有压痛。
99.就目前资料考虑，最可能的诊断是
A.胃溃疡复发
B.胃溃疡癌变
C.合并胃泌素瘤
D.复合性溃疡
参考答案：B
100.为明确诊断，最优意义的检查是
A.粪隐血试验
B.血清胃泌素测定
C.钡餐造影
D.胃镜检查
参考答案：D
101.根据诊断，最佳的处理方法是
A.胃粘膜保护剂治疗
B.质子泵抑制剂治疗
C.根除幽门螺杆菌
D.手术治疗
参考答案：D
(102~104题共用题干)
男性，45岁。间断双下肢水肿伴蛋白尿10年，乏力、纳差、恶心1周，刷牙时牙龈出血伴皮肤碰后发青3天入院。入院时测血压150/90mmHg，化验血Hb80g/L，WBX6.4×109/L，Plt 192×109/L。蛋白尿(++)，尿比重1.010，尿糖(±)，偶见颗粒管型。血Cr707μmol/L。
102. 该患者血肌酐升高的最可能病因是
A. 慢性肾小球肾炎
B.肾病综合征
C.高血压病肾损害
D.糖尿病肾病
A
103.该患者贫血最可能的原因是
A.失血因素
B.慢性溶血
C.红细胞生成素减少
D.营养性造血原料不足
C
104.该患者出血倾向最可能的原因是
A.血管脆性增加
B.血小板功能减低
C.凝血因子缺乏
D.纤溶亢进
B
(105~107题共用题干)
男性，23岁。因乏力10天、牙龈出血伴皮肤瘀斑4天入院，既往体健。化验血Hb76g/L，WBC25×109/L，Plt 29×109/L，骨髓增生明显活跃，原始细胞占60%，POX染色(-)，PAS 染色(+)成块，NSE染色(-)。
105.该患者的诊断是
A.急性淋巴细胞白血病
B.急性粒细胞白血病
C.急性单核细胞白血病
D.急性红白血病
A
106.提示该患者预后差的染色体异常是
A.t(8:21)
B. t(9:22)
C. t(15:17)
D. t(16:16)
A?
107.该患者首选的治疗方案是
A.DA
B.COP
C.DVLP
D.ABVD
C
(108~110题共用题干)
女性，35岁，乏力，心悸一年余，近2个月症状加重，伴厌食、消瘦、手颤。查体：甲状腺弥漫性肿大，心率126次/分，心率整。实验室检查提示FT3、FT4显著增高，TSH降低。
108.该患者最可能的诊断是
A.Gracves病
B.自身免疫甲状腺炎
C.多结节性病毒性甲状腺肿
D.亚急性甲状腺炎
参考答案：A
109.为进一步确诊，下列检查项目中意义重大的是
A.促甲状腺激素受体抗体
B. 131I摄取率
C. 甲状腺B超
D.甲状腺核素显像
参考答案：A
110.对该患者治疗，因首选的方法是
A，手术治疗
B.咪唑类药物
C.碘制剂
D. 131I治疗
参考答案：B
(111~113题共用题干)
男性，80岁。因突发全腹剧痛8小时来院，途中频繁呕吐，随后出现气急、喘憋。既往有房颤史。入院查体：P95次/分，BP84/60mmmHg，急性病容，呼吸急促，两肺均可闻及哮鸣音及湿啰音，右侧为著，心率120次/分，节律不整，腹部膨隆，全腹均有压痛，右侧更明显，轻度反跳痛，肌紧张，肠鸣音弱。化验Hb 124g/L，WBC30×109/L，中性粒细胞90%。
111.即刻应采取的处理措施是
A.快速补液加升压药
B.增强CT
C.血管造影
D.减慢心率
参考答案：A
112.患者突发严重的喘憨可能的原因是
A.哮喘发作
B.吸入性肺炎
C.肺栓塞
D.急性心衰
参考答案：B
113.患者的下列拟诊中可排除的是
A.上消化道穿孔
B.肠系膜上动脉栓赛
C.急性重症胰腺炎
D.乙状结肠扭转
参考答案：D
(114~115题共用题干)
男性，70岁。1年前因壶腹癌行Whipple手术，手术恢复好。近2月来反复发热，伴寒战，最高体温达39.5度，WBC15×109/L，血清ALT 121U/L，Tbil58μmol/L，CT示肝内多发直径1~2cm低密度灶，边缘强化明显。
114.下列拟诊中可能性最大的是
A.肝转移癌
B.急性胆管炎
C急性肝炎.
D.多发性肝脓肿
参考答案：D
115.发生上述情况的原因是
A.肿瘤复发转移
B.胆肠吻合口狭窄
C.手术时输血感染
D.免疫功能低下
参考答案：B
(116~117题共用题干)
女性，82岁，上腹痛、尿黄1周，1天来寒战、高热。有高血压、糖尿病病史，药物控制，半年前心肌梗死。查体：T 39.5度，P 120次/分，BP 96/82mmHg，神志淡漠，皮肤、巩膜黄染，右上腹部压痛，Hb 115g/L,WBC22×109/L。B超提示肝内外胆管扩张，胆囊增大，总胆管远端显示不清。
116.此病状最符合
A.Charcot三联征
B.Reynolds五联征
C.Whipple 三联征
D.Grey-Tumer征
参考答案：B
117.下列治疗方法中不宜采取的是
A.ENBD
B.急诊探查总胆管并引流
C.PTCD
D.先保守治疗，待休克纠正后手术
参考答案：D
(118~120题共用题干)
女性，13岁。1年前无意中发现双肩背部不等高，后逐渐明显。X线显示胸椎侧凸畸形，Cobb角25o，临床诊断为突发性脊柱侧凸。
118. 对该患者的最佳治疗方案是
A.改变坐姿
B.牵引按摩治疗，每月随诊一次
C.佩戴支具，每半年随诊一次
D.立即手术治疗
参考答案：C
119.其治疗目的是
A.找到病因，去除病因
B.尽早手术，矫正畸形
C.维持目前状态，待骨骼成熟后再行手术治疗
D.矫正畸形，获得稳定，维持平衡
参考答案：D
120.关于该病，以下说法不正确的是
A.属于非结构性脊柱侧凸
B.最常见，约占脊柱侧凸75%-80%
C.严重胸廓畸形，可使肺受压变形，引起通气功能障碍
D.可分为婴儿型，少儿型，青少的成人型。
参考答案：B
二、B型题：121～150小题，每小题1.5分，共45分
A旁分泌调节.
B.血分泌调节
C.自分泌调节
D.腔分泌调节
121.胰岛素抑制胰岛A细胞分泌胰岛高血糖素属于 A
122.血管升压素促进集合管上皮细胞重吸收水属于 B
A传导散热.
B.辐射散热
C.对流散热
D.蒸发散热
123.环境温度等于皮肤温度时的主要散热方式是 D
124.环境温度25°C时，集体的主要散热方式是 B
A脂肪酸.
B.磷酸盐
C.维生素D
D.维生素C
125.对钙的吸收有阻碍作用的是 B
126.对铁的吸收有促进作用的是 C
A.脂酰CoA脱氢酶
B.脂酰CoA合成酶
C.HMG CoA还原酶
D.肉碱脂酰转移酶Ⅰ
127.脂肪酸β-氧化的关键酶是 D
128.胆固醇合成的关键酶是 C
A.白蛋白
B.α球蛋白
C.β球蛋白
D.γ球蛋白
129.主要在肝外组织合成的蛋白质是 D
130能够运输脂肪酸的蛋白质是. A
小提示：目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈，就业主体是研究生，在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下，我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母，我们需要：早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班（如果经济条件允许的情况下）。2017考研开始准备复习啦，早起的鸟儿有虫吃，一分耕耘一分收获。加油！
2013年考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版
2013年考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____. He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. T he scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardised exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
2019考研英语二真题及答案
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Accurate 精确的Acquaintance 熟人、了解、知道Acquisition 获得、收购 Activate 激发 Address 对付、处理 Adhered 坚持 Admission 承认 Adolescence 青春期 Adoption 领养 Adoptive 领养 Advisory 劝告的、咨询的、忠告Advocate 倡导者 Affirm 肯定、强化 Agenda 任务、议程Aggravate 加重、使恶化Aggressive 好斗的 Agony 苦恼 Alert 警告、留心、警惕Alien 不相容的、外国的Allegation 辩解、主张、断言Alleviated 减轻、使缓和Allocation 配置
Alternative 供选择的 Amateur 外行的、业余的Ambiguous 模棱两可的Ambivalent 矛盾的 Analogy 类比 Anecdote 轶事 Anti-xxx 反…… Applicable 可适用的、合适的Appointment 任命Apprehensive 忧虑的 Approach 途径、方法、接近、达到Appropriate 适当的 Approve 同意、赞成、批准Approximately 大约 Array 衣服、排列 Arrogant 傲慢的 Aspiration 抱负、渴望 Aspire 渴望 Assembly 装配、集会 Assess 评估 Assessment 评估
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