2008年高考陕西卷浙江省温州中学_5

2008年高考陕西卷浙江省温州中学_5
2008年高考陕西卷浙江省温州中学_5

2008年高考陕西卷

2008年普通高等学校招生统一考试陕西卷

英语

一、英语知识运用(共三大题,满分50分)

(一)语音知识(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)

从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

1. passenger

A. sugar

B. organize

C. strange

D. together

2. chemistry

A. stomach

B. achieve

C. check

D. machine

3. club

A. pollution

B. struggle

C. useful

D. bury

4. majority

A. baggage

B. attract

C. Canadian

D. magazine

5. area

A. theatre

B. breathe

C. break

D. heaven

(二)语法和词汇知识(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)

从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

6. The moment I got home, I found I my jacket on the playground.

A. had left

B. left

C. have left

D. was leaving

7. Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it.

A. he stopped

B. did he stop

C. stopped he

D. he did stop

8. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held?

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

9. –What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?

--Well, it be big--that’s not important.

A. mustn’t

B. needn’t

C. can’t

D. won’t

10. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.

A. the, a

B. the, the

C. a, the

D. a, a

11. The message is very important, so it is supposed as soon as possible.

A. to be sent

B. to send

C. being sent

D. sending

12. He doesn’t have furniture in his room --just an old desk.

A. any

B. many

C. some

D. much

13. The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.

A. the hands of whom

B. whom the hands of

C. which the hands of

D. the hands of which

14. around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.

A. Having shown

B. To be shown

C. Having been shown

D. To show

15. –Did you go to the show last night?

–Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invited

A. were

B. have been

C. has been

D. was

16. Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs.

A. as twice large as

B. twice as large as

C. twice as much as

D. as twice much as

17. Though we don’t know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic .

A. had changed

B. will change

C. was changed

D. has been changed

18. –The floor is dirty. Can anyone clean it?

–I do it all the time.

A. Don’t mention it.

B. Why you?

C. Not sure

D. Not me again.

19. Elizabeth has already achieved success her wildest dreams.

A. at

B. beyond

C. within

D. upon

20. It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, Will you please help me the clothes on the line?

A. get off

B. get back

C. get in

D. get on

(三)完形填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下在短文,从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

A woman id her sixties lived alone in her little cottage with a pear tree at her door. She spent all her time taking care of the tree. But the children nearby drover her 21 by making fun of her. They would climb her tree and then run away with pears, 22 “Aunty Misery” at her.

One evening, a passer by asked to 23 for the night. Seeing that he had an 24 Face, she let him in and gave him a nice 25 . The next morning the stranger, actually a sorcerer (巫师), thanked her by granting (允准) her 26 that anyone who climbed up her tree 27 not be able to come back down until she 28 it.

When the children came back to steal her 29 , she had them stuck on the tree. They had to beg her

long 30 she gave the tree permission to let 31 go. Aunty Misery was free from the 32 at last.

One day another man 33 her door. This one did not look trustworthy to her, 34 she asked who he was . “I am Death, I’ve come to take you35 me.” said he.

Thinking fast Aunty Misery said, “Fine, but I’d like to36 some pears from my dear tree to remember the 37

it brought to me in this life. But I am too 38 to climb high to get the best fruit. Will you be so 39 as to do it fo r me?” With a deep sigh, Mr. Death climbed up the tree 40 and was immediately stuck to it. No matter how much he warned or begged, Aunty Misery would not allow the tree to let Death go.

21. A. hopeless B. painful C. dull D. crazy

22. A. calling B. shouting C. announcing D. whispering

23. A. stay B. live C. hide D. lie

24. A. interesting B. honest C. anxious D. angry

25. A. gift B. kiss C. treat D. smile

26. A. suggestion B. demand C. permission D. wish

27. A. could B. should C. might D. must

28. A. permitted B. promised C. answered D. declared

29. A. branch B. food C. tree D. fruit

30. A. after B. while C. since D. before

31. A. it B. them C. him D. her

32. A. trick B. question C. trouble D. difficulty

33. A. stepped into B. left for C. stopped at D. walked around

34. A. so B. but C. although D. because

35. A. with B. off C. upon D. for

36. A. choose B. pick C. shake D. hit

37. A. honor B. pleasure C. hope D. excitement

38. A. light B. short C. old D. thin

39. A. proud B. kind C. fine D. smart

40. A. disappointedly B. cheerfully C. unwillingly D. eagerly

二、阅读理解(共25小题,阅读部分每小题2分,补全对话每小题1分,满分45分)

(一)阅读下列五篇短文,从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项

并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

A

They say there are three ways to experience the Grand Canyon; on foot, on mules(骡子) or by air. We chose the first. Up early; my husband and I and our three children couldn’t wait to get started. We decided to walk along a lovely path named Bright Angel Trail.

As we set out, I was shocked at how narrow the path was. And I couldn’t help noticing that the other tourists weren’t like us. They had heavy backpacks, water bottles, and hats. But as usual we were dressed, As the sun rose higher, Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast(烘烤)us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and

the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our legs were like jelly.

The next day, after we’d had a long rest and a good breakfast, we were ready for another view of the Canyon – by air. After our last walk, this would be the easiest thing in the world.

We called to each other excitedly as the plane took off and circled around the Canyon. But the smiles on our faces disappeared as the pilot tossed(翻转)the plane around, pretending he was going to hit the ground. I shouted, “STOP, TAKE US BACK!” When we finally arrived back on land, once again our legs were like jelly. We hardly spoke as we drove back.

As I said, there are three ways to view the Grand Canyon. We never tried the mules, but personally I’d suggest a fourth: buy yourself a good magazine like National Geographic. That way, you can see the Canyon, without fear or tiredness.

41. Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?

A. They made a careful preparation before the trip

B. They children were more joyful than their parents.

C. Bright Angel Trail was not as lovely as they expected.

D. The summer heat prevented them from enjoying the view.

42. The underlined expression “Our legs were like jelly” probably means .

A. we were weak

B. we were unhappy

C. we were dissatisfied

D. we were disappointed

43. Which of the following best describes their Canyon trip by air?

A. It proved to be frightening.

B. It was more comfortable

C. It turned out to be exciting

D. It made each of them tired.

44. We can infer from the passage that .

A. experiencing the Canyon on mules would be the best way

B. one needs to dress less when visiting the Grand Canyon.

C. the writer was not serious when she made the suggestion.

D. the whole family narrowly escaped from the air accident.

B

Photographs are everywhere. They decorate (装饰) the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.

Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.

Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that poverty(贫穷)caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public. Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children. Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.

As historical and artistic documents(文献) ,photos can become more important over time. Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. They also publish(发表) them in books and on the Internet.

45. The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to .

A. beauties

B. photos

C. goods

D. events

46. The photos of the small children by Hine show us that photos .

A. are also works of art

B. are popular ways of reporting news

C. often shock the public

D. can serve as a force for social change

47. What can we learn from the passage?

A. News with pictures is encouraging.

B. Photos help people improve

C. News photos mean history in a sense.

D. People prefer reading news with pictures.

48. The text is mainly about .

A. telling the story through picture

B. decorating the walls of homes

C. publishing historical papers

D. expressing feeling through pictures

C

This was no ordinary class. The students who came together were all science or engineering professors at Cornell University. They had interrupted their research to accept an invitation to take p art in an unusual experiment: “an interesting week of poetry.” This class was part of a study to answer the questions: Why is science difficult for many nonscience students? What can teachers learn about teaching if they take a class that is not in their field?

The students in the poetry class listened to lectures and took notes. They had reading tasks and had to write three short papers. All students noticed one thing – the importance of spoken words. In science and engineering classes, the instructors put tables and drawings on the blackboard. But in this poetry class, the instructors just talked. They didn’t write anything on the boar d. The scientists and engineers noticed one similarity between science and poetry. In both subjects, students need to find layers (层次)of meaning . Some layers are simple, clean, and on the surface; other layers are deeper and more difficult. This search for different levels of meaning doesn’t happen much in undergraduate(本科)science classes, but it is important later, in graduate school. And it is always important in humanities(人文科学).

Both the poetry instructors and their students learned something about teaching from this experience. One poetry instructor, for example, now sees the importance of using informative as he teaches. Most of the scientists agreed on several points. First, humanities classes might help science students to see patterns and decide which information is important. Second, the poetry class was fun. One engineer decided, “We need to change the way we teach engineering to make to make it an enjoyable experience for students.”

But perhaps the most important result of the experience was this; All of the professors began to think about how they teach and how they cam teach better.

49. What do we know about this unusual class?

A. The teachers did lots of writing on the board

B. The teacher were invited to attend several lectures.

C. The student were professors from a university

D. The students were studying science and humanities.

50. The experiment was designed to find out

A. how to teach the students in the science class

B. whether poetry is difficult for science students

C. what to be taught in the humanities class

D. why many humanities students find science hard.

51. Finding levels of meaning is .

A. important for graduate students in humanities

B. difficult for graduate students in humanities

C. common for undergraduate students in science

D. easy for undergraduate students in science.

52. What did the science professors learn after the experiment?

A. They should change the way they teach

B. A poem could be explained in clear definitions.

C. A poetry class could be more informative.

D. Their teaching was an enjoyable experience.

D

Runners in a relay(接力) race pass a stick in one direction. However, merchants passed silk, gold, fruit, and glass along the Silk Road in more than one direction. They earned their living by traveling the famous Silk Road.

The Silk Road was not a simple trading network. It passed through thousands of citied and towns. It started from eastern China, across Central Asia and the Middle East, and ended in the Mediterranean Sea. It was used from about 200 B, C, to about A, D, 1300, when sea travel offered new routes(路线), It was so metimes called the world’s longest highway. However, the Silk Road was made up of many routes, not one smooth path. They passed through what are now 18 countries. The routes crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun, deep snow and even battles. Only experienced traders could return safe.

The Silk Road got its name from its most prized product. Silk could be used like money to pay taxes or buy goods. But the traders carried more than just silk. Gold, silver, and glass from Europe were much found in the Middle East and Asia. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods. Chinese merchants traded paper, which produced an immediate effect on the West. Apples traveled from central Asia to Rome. The Chinese had learned to graft(嫁接)different trees together to make new kinds of fruit. They passed this science on to others, including the Romans. The Romans used grafting to grow the apple. Trading along the Silk Road led to world-wide business 2,000 years before the World Wide Web.

The people along the Silk Road did not share just goods. They also shared their beliefs. The Silk Road provided pathways for learning, diplomacy(外交), and religion (宗教)

53. It’s probable that traders along the Silk Road needed .

A. to remember the entire trade route

B. to know the making of products

C. to receive certain special training

D. to deal with a lot of difficulties

54. The Silk Road became less important because .

A. it was made up of different routes

B. silk trading became less popular

C. sea travel provided easier routes

D. people needed fewer foreign goods

55. New technologies could travel along the Silk Road because people .

A. learned from one another

B. shared each other’s bel iefs

C. traded goods along the route

D. earned their living by traveling

56. What is the best title for the passage?

A. The Silk Road ; Past and Present

B. The Silk Road; East Meets West

C. The Silk Road; Routes Full of Dangers

D. The Silk Road; Pathways for Learning

E

Did you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? The average women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent(聪明的) than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of “grey matter” and

It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it’s women who come out on top every time.

There are other important differences between two ***es. As white matter is the key to spatial(空间的) tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other pl ayers, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of life’s great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions … and women often need to!

The differences begin when fetuses(胎儿) are about mine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children ad young as one. A boy would try to climb a barrier (障碍物) before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先) ,among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research.

If all this disappoints you, it shouldn’t. “The brain changes throughout our lives according to what we do with it.” says a biologist.

57. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?

A. Women’s brain is 10% less than men’s

B. Grey matter plays the same role as white matter.

C. Grey matter controls thinking in the brain.

D. Both ***es have the same amount of white matter.

58. What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs?

A. Women prefer doing many things at a time.

B. Men do better dealing with one job at a time.

C. Women do not need to tell directions.

D. Men have weaker spatial abilities.

59. Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?

A. Young boys may be stronger than young girls.

B. More women take up jobs requiring speech skills

C. Women may have stronger feelings than men.

D. Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.

60. What is the writer’s attitude in writing this passage?

A. Defensive.

B. Persuasive.

C. Supportive.

D. Objective.

(二)根据对话情景和内容,从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两个为多余选项。

Sandy is at home. She is now calling Lisa, her classmate.

Sandy: Hi, Lisa. Have you finished helping your parents?

Lisa: I finished cleaning the living room a little while ago, but I haven’t cleaned my bedroom yet. 61[C]

Sandy: I know what you mean. 52 Do you think you’ll be finished soon? [G]

Lisa: I should be done in about an hour.

Sandy: 63 [F]

Lisa: I did the English homework last night. 64 I don’t understand it. [B]

Sandy: Me neither. 65 We can help each other work it out. [E]

Lisa: OK. Then we can go and have our hair cut.

Sandy: Great. See you in a little while.

A. I don’t math at all.

B. But I haven’t started my math yet.

C. Housework is tiring, and I’m tired

D. What do you think we should do then?

E. Why don’t we so it together this afternoon?

F. Have you looked at Monday’s homework yet

G. I also hate doing the cleaning around the house.

三、写作(共三大题。满分55分)

(一)单词拼写(共10 小题,每小题1分,满分10分)

根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词,在答题卡上指定区域上写出对应单词的正确形式,每空只写一词。

66. He was curious (好奇) to know what was happening in the office.

67. There is much work to do, so we’ll have to divide (分) it between us.

68. His nose ran , he coughed, and his temperature (体温) was a little up.

69. The twelfth (第十二) man in a football team will play if one of the other players is ill.

70. It’s no use regretting (后悔) what you have done.

71. The acceptance of new members is strictly (严格) controlled.

72. When building materials (材料) cost more. the price of houses increases.

73. Leave your key with a neighbor(u)r (邻居) in case you lock yourself out one day.

74. The idea started in Standlake and has spread (传开) throughout the country.

75. It’s cold today, Please put another blanket (毯子) on the bed.

(二)短文改错(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)

此题要求在答题卡上改正所给短文中的错误,请根据上下文对标有题号的每一行做出判断:如无错误,在该行右边横线上划一个();如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:

此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出应加的单词。

此行错一个词:在错词下画一横线,在在该行右边横线上写出改正后的单词。

注意:原行没有错误的不要改。

John Brown is London taxi driver who love going to the 76. loves

Theatre .Last week his mother gave him two tickets for a play. 77. √

The tickets were on Sunday evening. Then John read some 78. for

Reviews of the play, which all said it was a terribly one! He 79. terrible

Would n’t go to see a play that no one liked it, So two hours80. 去掉h

Before the play started, he left the ticket on the back seat of 81. tickets

His taxi, Perhaps someone who wanted ∧see the play would take 82. to Them. However, while John went back home, the tickets were 83. when

Still there. In the fact ,there were four tickets on the seat. 84. 去掉the

Someone has placed another pair of tickets on top of them! 85. had

(三)书面表达(满分30分)

某天,你班贴出了一张通知。请根据通知、内容要点和要求写一篇英语发言稿。

内容要点:

1. 你对“周五读报活动”的看法:

2. 陈述你的理由(可举例说明):

3. 你的具体建议。

要求:

1. 短文填写在答题卡的指定区域

2. 短文词数不少于80(不含已写好的部分)

3. 内容充实,结构完整,语意连贯。

4. 快写须清楚、工整。

Notice

Our monitor suggests that we have “Friday News Hour”. But some c lassmates do not agree. We will have a class meeting in English tomorrow afternoon to discuss this suggestion. Please prepare your talk and take an active part.

May 6th, 2008

Dear fellow students,

Our monitor suggests that we have “Friday New Hour”. I think that it is a good idea.

Everyone knows that we are busy all day. Seldom do we know what is happening both at home and abroad, let alone what we can do for our country. By reading newspapers we can get more info rmation about the world outside. So I think “Friday New Hour” can broaden our mind and enrich our school life. What’s more, it will help us improve our reading skills.

As for my suggestion, I think it’s better to have it twice a week. And we should make a choice about what we’ll read. I am sure everyone will benefit a lot from this activity.

B卷选择题答案

1. D

2. C

3. A

4.B

5. C

6. C

7. D

8. B

9. C 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18.

A 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.A 23.

B 24.

C 25.

D 26.B 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.C 31.D 32.B 33.B 34.A 35.C

36.D 37.A 38.B 39.D 40.A 41.B 42.D 43.C 44.B 45.A 46.B 47.A 48.C 49.D 50.C 51.B 52.C 53.

A 54.A 55.D 56.C 57.

B 58.D 59.D 60.A 61.B 62.F 63.G 64.

C 65.E

2015年高考真题——理科综合化学部分(浙江卷)Word版含解析

可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Al 27 S 32 Fe 56 Ag 108 I 127 7.下列说法不正确... 的是 A .液晶态介于晶体状态和液态之间,液晶具有一定程度的晶体的有序性和液体的流动性 B .常压下,0℃时冰的密度比水的密度小,水在4℃时密度最大,这些都与分子间的氢键有关 C .石油裂解、煤的干馏、玉米制醇、蛋白质的变性和纳米银粒子的聚集都是化学变化 D .燃料的脱硫脱氮、SO 2的回收利用和NO x 的催化转化都是减少酸雨产生的措施 8.下列说法正确的是 A .为测定新制氯水的pH ,用玻璃棒蘸取液体滴在pH 试纸上,与标准比色卡对照即可 B .做蒸馏实验时,在蒸馏烧瓶中应加入沸石,以防暴沸。如果在沸腾前发现忘记加沸 石,应立即停止加热,冷却后补加 C .在未知溶液中滴加BaCl 2溶液出现白色沉淀,加稀硝酸,沉淀不溶解,说明该未知 溶液中存在SO 42- 或SO 32- D .提纯混有少量硝酸钾的氯化钠,应采用在较高温度下制得浓溶液再冷却结晶、过滤、干燥的方法 9.右下表为元素周期表的一部分,其中X 、Y 、Z 、W 为短周期元素,W 元素的核 电荷数 为X 元素的2 倍。下列说法正确的是 A .X 、W 、Z 元素的原子半径及它们的气态氢化物的热稳定性均依次递增 第9题表 X Y Z W T

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2014年高考化学试题及答案解析(浙江卷) 7.下列说法不正确 ...的是 A.光催化还原水制氢比电解水制氢更节能环保、更经济 B.氨氮废水(含NH4+及NH3)可用化学氧化法或电化学氧化法处理 C.某种光学检测技术具有极高的灵敏度,可检测到单个细胞(V≈10-12L)内的数个目标分子,据此可推算该检测技术能测量细胞内浓度约为10-12~10-11mol·L-1的目标分子 D.向汽油中添加甲醇后,该混合燃料的热值不变 【答案】D 【解析】发电需要能源,光催化还原水制氢比电解水制氢更节能环保、更经济,A正确;氨氮废水(含NH4+及NH3)可用化学氧化法或电化学氧化法处理,B正确;物质的量为6.02×1023mol-1根据浓度单位,细胞内浓度约为10-12~10-11mol ·L-1的目标分子,C正确;汽油与甲醇的热值不同,D错误。 8.下列说法正确的是 A.金属汞一旦洒落在实验室地面或桌面时,必须尽可能收集,并深埋处理 B.用pH计、电导率仪(一种测量溶液导电能力的仪器)均可监测乙酸乙酯的水解程度C.邻苯二甲酸氢钾可用于标定NaOH溶液的浓度。假如称量邻苯二甲酸氢钾时电子天平读数比实际质量偏大,则测得的NaOH溶液浓度比实际浓度偏小 D.向某溶液中加入茚三酮试剂,加热煮沸后溶液若出现蓝色,则可判断该溶液含有蛋白质【答案】B 【解析】A金属汞深埋会产生汞蒸气,汞离子本身也是污染物,A错误;乙酸乙酯水解生成乙酸是弱电解质,导电性增加,B正确;邻苯二甲酸氢钾可用于标定NaOH溶液的浓度,假如称量邻苯二甲酸氢钾时电子天平读数比实际质量偏大,即实际计量减小,滴定加入的体积偏大,则测得的NaOH溶液浓度比实际浓度偏大,C错误;向某溶液中加入茚三酮试剂,加热煮沸后溶液若出现蓝色,可能含有氨基酸,D错误。 9.如表所示的五种元素中,W、X、Y、Z为短周期元素,这四种元素的原子最外层电子数之和为22。下列说法正确的是 A.X、Y、Z三种元素最低价氢化物的沸点依次升高 B.由X、Y和氢三种元素形成的化合物中只有共价键 C.物质WY2、W3X4、WZ4均有熔点高、硬度大的特性 D.T元素的单质具有半导体的特性,T与Z元素可形成化合物TZ4 【答案】D

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2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷) 化学 7.下列说法不正确 ...的是 A.储热材料是一类重要的能量存储物质,单位质量的储热材料在发生熔融或结晶时会吸收或释放较大的热量B.Ge(32号元素)的单晶可以作为光电转换材料用于太阳能电池 C.Ba2+浓度较高时危害健康,但BaSO4可服人体内,作为造影剂用于X-射线检查肠胃道疾病 D.纳米铁粉可以高效地去除被污染水体中的Pb2+、Cu2+、Cd2+、Hg2+等重金属离子,其本质是纳米铁粉对重金属离子较强的物理吸附 【答案】D 【考点定位】生产、生活中的各种材料 【名师点睛】在日常生活中随处都是化学知识。例如胃酸的主要成分为盐酸,硫酸钡不溶于水或盐酸,可以做钡餐,但碳酸钡因为能溶于盐酸,而会造成钡离子中毒不能代替硫酸钡。纳米铁粉可以和污水中的离子发生置换反应进而除去重金属离子,利用了金属的活动性顺序。 8.下列叙述不正确 ...的是 A.钾、钠、镁等活泼金属着火时,不能用泡沫灭火器灭火 B.探究温度对硫代硫酸钠与硫酸反应速率的影响时,若先将两种溶液混合并计时,再用水浴加热至设定温度,则测得的反应速率偏高 C.蒸馏完毕后,应先停止加热,待装置冷却后,停止通水,再拆卸蒸馏装置 D.为准确配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液,定容过程中向容量瓶内加蒸馏水至接近刻度线时,改用滴管滴加蒸馏水至刻度线 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:该实验要求开始时温度相同,然后改变温度,探究温度对反应速率的影响,应先分别水浴加热硫代硫酸钠溶液、硫酸溶液到一定温度后再混合,若是先将两种溶液混合后再用水浴加热,随着热量的散失,测得的反应速率偏低,答案选B。 【考点定位】考查化学实验安全与处理,探究实验方案的设计,蒸馏和溶液的配制等知识。 【名师点睛】在出现火灾的时候一定要分清着火的物质是什么及其相应的化学性质,钠钾等金属着火后生成过氧化物,都可以和水或二氧化碳反应生成氧气,不能用水或二氧化碳灭火,镁可以和二氧化碳反应,所以也不能用

2008年浙江省高考数学试卷(理科)答案与解析-精选.pdf

2008年浙江省高考数学试卷(理科) 参考答案与试题解析 一、选择题(共10小题,每小题5分,满分50分) 1.(5分)(2008?浙江)已知a 是实数,是纯虚数,则 a=( ) A .1 B .﹣1 C . D .﹣ 【考点】复数代数形式の混合运算.【分析】化简复数分母为实数,复数化为a+bi (a 、b 是实数)明确分类即可. 【解答】解:由是纯虚数, 则且 ,故a=1 故选A . 【点评】本小题主要考查复数の概念.是基础题. 2.(5分)(2008?浙江)已知U=R ,A={x|x >0},B={x|x ≤﹣1},则(A ∩?U B )∪(B ∩?U A )=() A .? B .{x|x ≤0} C .{x|x >﹣1} D .{x|x >0或x ≤﹣1} 【考点】交、并、补集の混合运算. 【分析】由题意知U=R ,A={x|x >0},B={x|x ≤﹣1},然后根据交集の定义和运算法则进行计算. 【解答】解:∵U=R ,A={x|x >0},B={x|x ≤﹣1},∴C u B={x|x >﹣1},C u A={x|x ≤0} ∴A ∩C u B={x|x >0},B ∩C u A={x|x ≤﹣1} ∴(A ∩C u B )∪(B ∩C u A )={x|x >0或x ≤﹣1},故选D . 【点评】此题主要考查一元二次不等式の解法及集合の交集及补集运算, 一元二次不等式の 解法及集合间の交、并、补运算布高考中の常考内容,要认真掌握,并确保得分.3.(5分)(2008?浙江)已知a ,b 都是实数,那么“a 2 >b 2 ”是“a >b ”の() A .充分而不必要条件 B .必要而不充分条件 C .充分必要条件 D .既不充分也不必要条件【考点】必要条件、充分条件与充要条件の判断.【专题】常规题型. 【分析】首先由于“a 2 >b 2 ”不能推出“a >b ”;反之,由“a >b ”也不能推出“a 2 >b 2 ”.故“a 2 >b 2 ”是“a >b ”の既不充分也不必要条件. 【解答】解:∵“a 2 >b 2”既不能推出“a >b ”;反之,由“a >b ”也不能推出“a 2 >b 2 ”.∴“a 2 >b 2 ”是“a >b ”の既不充分也不必要条件.故选D . 【点评】本小题主要考查充要条件相关知识.

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