如何破解高考英语易错题

对高考(论坛)而言，“会而不对，对而不全”一直以来成为制约学生成绩提高的重要因素，成为学生挥之不去的痛，如何解决这个问题对决定学生的高考成败起着至关重要的作用。高考专家凭借多年高三教学辅导经验，精心挑选学生在考试中常见的易错、易混、易忘典型题目，这些问题也是高考中的热点和重点。做到力避偏、怪、难，进行精彩剖析并配以近几年的高考试题作为相应练习，一方面让你明确这样的问题在高考中确实存在，另一方面通过作针对性练习帮你识破命题者精心设计的陷阱，以达到授人以渔的目的，助你在高考中乘风破浪，实现自已的理想报负。

下面我们就英语(论坛)学科来看，分析下面题型致错原因以及复习方法，用以提高整个做题思维，达到解答英语试题时“不被干扰”、“不被误导”、“不似是而非”的目的。我们连看10道容易误导的题，希望大家有所体会，顺便用英语单选的一条万用准则来贯彻这些题型：语言精确度原则。

语言精确度原则：汉语是句子决定意思，而英语是由句意决定句子的。英语的多数语法句型，都是为了把话说明白，不产生歧义。或用于强调句子中的某一成分，点明中心。各种语法多围绕所强调部分和中心部分展开。因此，读懂句意，就能抓住答题的主要脉络(即句子描述重心或突出对象)，不管题目如何迷惑，我们都能轻易解答。语言精确度来源于客观思维，英语语句中，是不允许产生主观想象的。

1. They ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _____on it as no good results have come out so far.

A. had been working; are still working

B. had worked; were still working

C. have been working; have worked

D. have worked; are still working

本题容易误选D。英语时态用法参考句意，首先看点，然后看段。及“时间点”和“持续段”。如果是过去已经结束的一段时间内，用过去完成时;如果持续到现在，用现在完成时。如果单纯过去的点而不能持续，就用过去式。英语中不同的时态都有不同的表现形式，说明了英语语言极其的精确。

根据语言精确度原则，句子强调部分为时间for almost one week before I joined them,以及后半句时间now，意思是“……到我加入他们之前”有着“持续到…加入之前”所以用过去完成时。后半句有“now”提示，故选A。

2. It would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle, ___cut off, as a container to grow young plants in.

A. of which the top

B. the top is

C. the top of which

D. with its top

容易误选A或C。很多同学对本题结构不熟(独立主格)，导致凭借“感觉”做题，导致出错。

我们来看语意：这将是个好主意，用一个塑料瓶____切断，作为幼苗成长的容器。句意表面___cut off是描述瓶子的的状态的，是对瓶子的补充说明(句意的重心放在瓶子上)，故只有D项目符合。如果题为 ____is cut off,则表示特指这种切断的状态，(重心移到状态上)，那么选A或C。

3. ______ is it _____ has made Peter _____ he is today?

A. What; that; that

B. That; that; what

C. What; what; that

D. What; that; what

这道题让人感觉无从下手，导致很多学生出错。而我们看出句意是：到底是什么让Peter像今天这样?强调的是“像今天这样”，我们看is it后就是句子的重点，所以后面紧接着用特指that，前面用what，第三个还是表示怎么的意思，因此选D。如果本题是___it is____，则句子强调的是“到底是什么”，就必须用what it is that has made……。

从前面三道题，大家可以看出来，各种语法都为因为句子的重心或突出的对象不同，而衍生的不同表达方式。所以语法并不神秘，高考试题的迷雾完全可以根据语言精确度来冲开。我们要做的关键点是，怎样把握住句子的重心?其实句子中有很多暗示点，如时间提前、滞后，或者代词、冠词提前、滞后，或很容看出是属于“补充说明”的成分，都是一种句子“核心”提示。抓住了句子描绘的重心部分，那么围绕其展开，是一目了然的。做题的时候，我们千万不要凭着感觉和“以前做过类似”的态度来答题，因为英语试题中稍微一变化，就把句子的重心移动，句意就会跟着变化(有可能中文翻译不变，但是对于英语来说，对象变了)导致产生新的句子，因此选项也就跟着变化。。我们继续看后面的题：

4. Before he went abroad，he spent as much time as he _____ English.

A. could learning

B. learned

C. to learn

D. could learn

这里句意强调的是出国之前的这段时间内。他在花费大量时间学英语(一直在干什么)。因此选A。如果句子改为he did what he ______, 则答案为could to learn.

5. The person we talked about ____ our school last week.

A.visiting

B.will visit

C.visited

D.has visited

根据句意很显然The person是重点，we talked about仅仅是对The person加以说明。因此可以不管“we talked about”，就不会被句子所误导。故句子就简单了The person visited our school last week.

高考中，这类题非常常见，而且在考场上，很多学生非常容易被误导，认为是词组固定搭配而导致出错。

我们观察下面三个句子：

The person we spoke to ____ no answer at first.

A.making

B.makes

C.make

D.made

根据句意，we spoke to 显然可以不管，就不会被“to”所误导。选D。

The person we referred to(提及)____ us a report tomorrow.

A.giving

B.will give

C.gave

D.give

依旧是不管we referred to，故用将来时。选B。

The days we have been looking forward to ____ soon.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/9411128355.html,ing

B.will come

C.came

D.have come

句意中强调的是The days，“we have been looking forward to”只是补充说明“the days”的，依旧可以不管，因此也不会被误导。根据句中的soon，应用将来时，故选B。

6. Not far from the club there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.

A. whose

B. its

C. which

D. that

根据句意，句子要描述的重心是花园。前半句说的是一个花园，后半句是说明花园怎么样。而我们看到seated，属于“被坐落于”，所以选用物主代词选B。

7. You should treat him (in) the way ____ suits him most.

A. that

B. in which

C. /

D. why

根据句意，句子明显重心是the way，要强调the way，后面接that作为特指。所以选A。

8. He is a strict but kind-hearted father, ____ the children respect but are afraid of.

A. /

B. that

C. for whom

D. one whom

句子重心为father，后面只能C,D中选。而one表示特指“一个什么样的人”，所以选D。

9. --- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you? --- _____. And how I wish to go there again!

A. Yes, I have

B. Yes, I haven’t

C. No, I have

D. No, I haven’t

很多同学误选D。是因为没有根据英语的语言意思出发。句子意思是“你从没有到过北京，有吗?”“有的，我去过，我好想再去啊!”选D一部分是没有看到“again”，一部分是针对“have you?”。故这类对话类的题，一定要照着意思来做。

10. Not only ______the jewelry she ____been sold for her son’s gambling debts but also her house.

A. is; has

B. has; had

C. has; has

D. 不填; has

本题容易误选选B或者D。

本句的意思为：不但是她所有的珠宝而且还有她的房子一起已经被卖掉作为她儿子的赌债了。句子的重点是围绕“还赌债”展开，那么看句子，不论是珠宝还是房子，都是属于一种“已经发生”的状态了，并且影响持续到现在，所以用现在完成时。

从上面的题型来看(常考题型)，高考某些命题比较刁钻，常常用“固定搭配”、“隐含时态”、“隐藏主语”、“隐藏谓语”等形式，导致同学们明明读懂意思，却被误导，导致丢分。但是英语的语言本质是始终不变的。当然，通过这么几道题并不能代表全部的题型。但是英语是一门严谨的语言学科。与中文表达习惯有着根本不同的地方。就是英语纯属于“理科”思维，而不是“文科”思想。并不是死记硬背就能答对的。在英语表述习惯上，通常都是为了精确表达某一核心部分，所有语法句型全部围绕这个核心部分展开。不像中文依靠语气和少量的句子结构。对中文来说，我们很多同学未必能说全语文中句子所用的语法结构，英语亦如是。但是语文语法我们不知道，却能够做题，是因为我们习惯了语文的表达方式，能够掌握句子中的精确意思。而英语我们大多都是通过翻译，导致一些重心转移，因此即便是整体意思差不多，但是很可能脱离了英语原文所表达的意思。比如说语法，被动语态是为了强调“被动的一方”，突出它的地位。如我们说“中国队大胜美国队，中国队大败美国队”都是一个意思，也没有明显的侧重点。但是英语而言，主动态用beat，被动态用be defeated形式表述，就不会造成人

们的误解。如果我们在做题的时候，能够遵循英语语言精确度的原则，那么就可以暂时性的忽略一切语法结构。毕竟英语考试不会出一个句子，问你这个句子用了什么语法?句子结构怎么分析?我们只需抓住其“精确”的本质，那么结合平时所学的一些非常基本的语法(只需掌握基本时态、词句引导词，如时间引导词when、地点引导词where、称谓引导词who、which、原因引导词what等)就能做到英语单选、完型填空一分不丢的地步。

当然，如果短期时间内我们没办法领会“语言精确度原则”，也不要紧，高考只要具备一点点基础 + 一点点技巧，就可以考高分。我们来看帅哥梁晨老师是如何教会我们解答英语选择题的

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