休闲与旅游的辨证关系及其社会功能试析

休闲与旅游的辨证关系及其社会功能试析*

曹芙蓉

(北京联合大学旅游学院休闲与旅游管理系)

[摘要] 从1995年“十一”黄金周的旅游“井喷”,到“七年之痒”的今年,人们终于能够比较全面地认识到旅游业对中国经济社会的意义;而对于正中国大地初起的休闲,当前人们的讨论却仍然是众说纷纭。本文的研究,试图在当前我国经济社会的背景下,从休闲活动与产业的兴起,从研究的回顾,从当前“旅游”与“休闲”的交叉研究等几个方面辨析二者的同异,并继而在阐述其社会功能的基础上,试探借助国家统计局有关我国旅游统计的资料等,估算中国国内休闲产业日益增强的经济推力。论文内容的大致结构是:正在兴起的中国居民休闲与中国休闲产业;就“休闲”与“旅游”概念和国内外研究的进展状况对二者的辨证关系进行初步的讨论;试析休闲与旅游活动的社会功能与经济推力;结语:推进休闲与旅游的良性互动。

[关键词] 休闲;旅游;辨证关系;功能与价值

广州环城市带旅游产品发展研究

廖卫华,梁明珠

(暨南大学管理学院旅游管理系,广东广州510632)

[摘要]本文在分析广州环城市带旅游产品类型分布及旅游发展模式基础上,指出目前广州环城市带旅游发展存在的主要问题,特别是对主题公园、游乐场等主题型旅游产品,以及生态及度假旅游开发问题作进一步深入分析,最后提出环城市带旅游产品发展的若干原则,并提出相关建议。

[关键词]环城市带;旅游产品;发展模式;开发原则;广州

杭州市本地居民休闲游憩行为与偏好研究

吴必虎, 伍佳

(北京大学旅游研究与规划中心, 北京100871)

[摘要]杭州作为中国著名的旅游城市,在市区内外都有大量的游憩用地。本文通过问卷调查,研究了杭州本地居民休闲行为及偏好特征。并在调查的基础上运用统计检验总结出杭州本地居民对休闲产品类型、时间、目的地区位的偏好规律。最后,对游憩选择与偏好的影响因素和原因进行了分析。

[关键词]环城游憩带;休闲偏好;旅游城市;本地居民;杭州市

[作者简介]曹芙蓉,女,北京联合大学旅游学院休闲与旅游管理系。

[作者简介]吴必虎(1962-),男,江苏人,北京大学旅游研究与规划中心主任,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为旅游规划与旅游地理。

Five type crowds of the comparison and the analysis of ways with Leisure in Beijing ZHAO Peng ,lIU jie ,FU Yue

Abstract:With the continuous improvement of people’s material living level,the need of the leisure activity is more than before. People attach importance to the leisure. This text wants to inquisition the different people then to their different leisure activity. We can see how important the leisure is in people’s daily life. Then we can suggest the better leisure activity to different people.

Key words: Leisure mood , leisure time , leisure education , leisure consciousness

从“历史文化名村”到“大遗址”:

中国北方黄土地区文化遗产的景观复原(遗产保护)个案探索

张祖群1,2

(1首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院旅游管理系,北京100070;2陕西师范大学西

北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,西安710062)

[摘要] 国际古迹遗址理事会第15届大会会后发表的《西安宣言》第一次从理论上比较完整地阐述和推行保护文化遗产的环境。文章在界定中国北方黄土地区的地理范围之后,给出了其研究的国际意义,为此希望从“历史文化名村”到“大遗址”2个案例中实践文化遗产的景观复原:以爨底下村等8个村落探讨人类家园EROT环境解说传播模式;分析了汉长安城遗址本体与历史环境特点,抓住“大遗址内居民全部外迁是否符合其可持续发展”核心,寻求大遗址的PRED联动,并进行了重点保护区人口调控。最后讨论了景观复原研究的关键点,倡议从实践中应用、总结与修正相关遗产保护理论。

[关键词]人类家园,景观复原历史文化名村,大遗址,爨底下村,汉长安城

北京五类人群休闲方式的比较与分析

赵鹏1,刘捷1,2,付玥1

(1.北京联合大学旅游学院北京100101;2.中国科学院研究生院,北京100049)[摘要]随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对于休闲活动的需求也越来越大。人们也

越来越重视休闲在自己生活中的地位。本文想通过对北京五类人群的调查与研究

来了解北京不同阶层人群的休闲方式的不同之处,以及他们选择休闲方式的决定

[基金项目]首都经济贸易大学2006年校级科研项目“中国北方黄土地区古村落(人类家园)环境解说系统研究——北京地区个案”(项目批准号:2006XJ0015)资助成果

[作者简介]张祖群(1980―),男,湖北应城人,首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院旅游管理系讲师,陕西师范大学西北环发中心05级博士生,研究历史地理与旅游地理、城市规划等。

[收稿日期] 2006-10-01;[修订日期] 2006-11-01

[作者简介]赵鹏(1954-),男,湖北人,北京联大旅游学院院长,研究员,主要从事旅游基础理论与教育科学研究;刘捷(1968-),女,北京市人,中国科学院研究生院,北京联大旅游学院酒店与餐饮管理系教师,主要从事休闲与娱乐管理、酒店与餐饮管理专业教学研究;付玥(1983-)女,北京市人,北京联合大学旅游学院2003级旅游管理专业,现就职于北京天伦王朝饭店。

因素和制约因素。揭示出休闲在人们生活中的重要地位,并倡导不同阶层人群选择健康与积极的休闲方式。

[关键词]休闲方式;休闲时间;休闲教育;休闲意识

[中图分类号]F59

[文献标识码]A

[文章编号]1002-5006(2006)12-0000

发达国家休闲产业发展特点与趋势分析

赵小丽

(北京联合大学旅游学院休闲与旅游管理系,北京100101)

[摘要]休闲产业是在城市化和经济发展水平较高的情况下产生的。所以休闲产业首先在发达国家兴起和发展,并己经成为发达国家经济体系中的支柱产业或主导产业。发展休闲经济和休闲产业,将成为许多发达国家解决过高的失业率的宏观产业调控政策中的重要组成部分。休闲产业在发达国家己经呈现出多元化趋势,己经成为当今世界最具生命力的产业之一。从国际经济范围来看,休闲产业的发展与城市化进程,人均生活水平的提高有着必然的联系。

[关键词]休闲产业;特点;趋势

The Discussion of Entertainment Treatment to Chinese Young Hearing Handicapped CHEN Wen-li , WU Ning

Abstract: Nowadays, with the living condition continuously increasing, more time and more money are spent on entertainment and recreation. Normal people can enjoy entertainment and recreation without any uncomfortable, and their entertainment activities are various and rich. The entertainment needs of normal people can be satisfied, but those activities which belong to handicapped are far poorer. If those entertainment requirements could not be satisfied for long time, the health of handicappe d would be directly affected. According to ‘Serious Leisure Theory’ and

‘Entertainment Treatment’, this article discusses two questions: One is the entertainment needs of special groups; the other is the suited entertainment activities of them. This ‘Entertainment Treatment’ model is based on a survey on the students of Beijing No.4 deaf school. Through serious leisure education, they can learn some skills from entertainment activities, and at the same time, the treatment can provide them more working opportunities. We will propose our entertainment treatment suggestions to Chinese young hearing handicapped. Those suggestions will base on the survey and analyses below.

Key words: Serious leisure theory, Entertainment treatment, Hearing people, Ordinary person

对我国听力有障碍的年轻人进行娱乐治疗的探讨

陈文力, 吴宁

(北京联合大学旅游学院, 北京100101)

[摘要]当今世界,随着生活水平的不断提高,人们对娱乐休闲的时间和金钱的投入越来越多。这促进了娱乐休闲业的快速发展。现在作为正常人享受娱乐休闲会感到非常方便,娱乐休闲活动多种多样,十分丰富。基本可以满足这个群体的需求。但是对于残疾人的娱乐休闲活动就显得逊色了许多。这个群体的娱乐需求长期得不到满足会直接影响到他们的身心健康。本文依据国外的严肃休闲理论和娱乐治疗概念对听力有障碍的这个特殊群体的娱乐需求、适合这个群体的娱乐活动进行探讨。在对北京聋哑学校学生的调研基础上提出针对这个群体的娱乐治疗模型。以及探讨他们通过严肃休闲教育的方式学习一些开展娱乐活动的技能,在达到治疗他们心理疾病的同时能够获得更多的就业机会。在以上调研和分析的基础上提出我们对中国听力有障碍的年轻群体进行娱乐治疗的建议。

[关键词] 严肃休闲理论娱乐治疗听力有障碍的年轻群体听人

我国休闲旅游发展的共轭影响因素浅析*

侯满平,周艳丽

(中国防卫科技学院,北京101601)

[摘要]休闲旅游占旅游份额越来越大,我国休闲旅游发展前景巨大。本文对休闲旅游概念进行了初步探讨;并对我国休闲旅游发展的原因进行了简要分析;休闲旅游形成及其可持续发展是建立在诸多因素的基础上,这些因素主要包括经济因素、交通因素、生活方式因素、消费心理因素、教育文化因素、年龄与性别因素、其它社会因素等,它们是必要充分条件,共同制约着休闲旅游的发展,形成共轭影响,有着积极与消极的双重功效。

[关键词]休闲旅游;定义;共轭影响因素

生态旅游者与一般游客行为特征的比较研究

——以北京市百花山自然保护区为例

李燕琴,刘玉春

(中央民族大学管理学院,北京100081)

[摘要]目前在国内,缺乏关于生态旅游者的基础数据,在国际上,缺乏对于发展中国家生态旅游者特征的基本了解。本文所做的研究在一定程度上弥补了这一不足。研究选择北京市百花山自然保护区为案例区,在对生态旅游者和一般游客有效分类的基础上,进行了人口统计学、动机、环境态度和管理倾向等多角度的比较研究,获得了关于二者差异的第一手资料,主要包括:百花山生态旅游者年轻人更多,男性更多,教育程度和收入较高,职业以学生和公司职员为主,家庭结构主要为单身和带小孩夫妻家庭;与发达国家生态旅游者的动机偏好基本一致,但程度要弱;环境素质较好;对间接的管理措施的接受程度和对直接的管理措施的反感程度都较一般游客高。

*作者简介:侯满平(1972-),男,江西九江人,博士,主要从事旅游规划、土地利用规划及区域农业等研究。

[关键词]生态旅游者;一般游客;行为特征;百花山

中国黄土地区古村落(人类家园)环境解说系统研究之展望

张祖群1,2 ,赵明3

(1首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院旅游管理系中国北京100070;2陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,西安710062;3吉林师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,四平136000)

[摘要]对国内相关研究现状与中国古村落文化遗产环境解说现状进行分析后,主要研究:典型古村落筛选;古村落的历史地理考察;人类家园环境解说的内容;人类家园EROT环境解说传播模式。可以梳理出,学术贡献主要体现于:在理论层次上可逐步探索与完善适合于中国历史地理背景的环境解说理论;在应用层次上通过环境解说实现静物遗迹的活化与显现。对此研究,需要遵循“发现问题→创建模式→实例验证→解决问题→实现目标”技术路线以实现研究目标。该研究特色与创新之处体现为:①从国内外典型遗产地环境解说对比中找出中国黄土地区古村落(人类家园)保护利用、遗产解说等方面的不足;②从历史地理学角度对实证案例进行内业、外业两方面的考察,并试图提出古村落解说系统的构建概念、框架、模式等;③探讨中国黄土地区人地关系,恢复文化传播扩展的历史地理背景。④形成“对比研究——实地考察——构建理论——验证理论”规范的实证主义范式。

[关键词]古村落;人类家园;解说系统;人地关系;中国黄土地区

[基金项目]首都经济贸易大学2006年校级科研项目“中国北方黄土地区古村落(人类家园)环境解说系统研究——北京地区个案”(项目批准号:2006XJ0015)

[作者简介]张祖群(1980―),男,湖北应城人,陕西师范大学西北环发中心05级博士,首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院旅游管理系讲师,研究历史地理与旅游地理等。赵明(1979―),女,硕士,吉林师范大学东北旅游研究与规划中心主任、讲师,研究户外游憩与环境解说、旅游开发与规划等。

张祖群

010-********(家),135********

张祖群的博客https://www.360docs.net/doc/9111522735.html,

QQ:654294209

Email: zhangzuqun@https://www.360docs.net/doc/9111522735.html, zhangzuqun@https://www.360docs.net/doc/9111522735.html, humangeography@https://www.360docs.net/doc/9111522735.html,

本文联系人通讯地址:(100070)北京市丰台区花乡张家路口121号首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院旅游管理系教师张祖群博士收

电话010-******** 013520902735

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eisure Practices & Tourism Development

Dr Neil Carr

University of Otago, New Zealand

Department of Tourism

University of Otago

4th Floor, Commerce Building

P.O Box 56

Dunedin

New Zealand

Tel: + 64 3 479 8520 Fax: + 64 3 479 9034

Email: ncarr@https://www.360docs.net/doc/9111522735.html,

Abstract:

Rather than highlighting the interrelations between leisure and tourism in the academic literature there has been a tendency to stress the differences between them; identifying tourism as an experience undertaken away from the home environment whilst leisure is undertaken in an individual’s normal place of residence. Consequently, few comparisons of how people behave in leisure and tourism environments have been undertaken.

This paper highlights the results of a critical analysis of the current literature on behaviour in the tourism and leisure environments and demonstrates there is a commonality between the underlying personal and socio-cultural factors that influence how people behave during their leisure and tourism experiences. This commonality may explain why some people appear to behave in a similar manner while they are on holiday to that which they display in their leisure environments. Fundamentally, these tourists appear to take the socio-cultural norms and values that influence their leisure behaviour on holiday with them.

However, it is apparent that a significant proportion of people behave differently while on holiday compared to during their leisure experiences in terms of the intensity and/or nature of the activities they engage in. This suggests at least some tourists are able to leave their socio-cultural baggage at home and their behaviour on holiday is influenced by a tourist culture. The extent to whether an individual is influenced by the socio-cultural baggage from their home environment or by their tourist culture while on holiday appears to be partially determined by the degree of difference between the physical nature of the tourism and leisure environments.

Whilst a tourist culture appears to exist it must be recognised that the specific nature of this influence and the socio-cultural baggage from the leisure environment on observable behaviour is place specific. Consequently, individuals’ from different locations may have different sets of

motivations and, as a result, display differing types of behaviour during their tourism experiences even if they are all on vacation in the same place.

The recognition of a fundamental link between the factors that influence the nature of leisure and tourism motivations and behaviour suggests it may be possible to develop facilities with the dual purpose of satisfying the desires of both tourists and leisured individuals’. However, the place specific nature of the factors that influence behaviour and the consequent potential for differences in the leisure and tourism behaviour of individuals’ suggests caution must be taken to ensure tourism products are developed that meet the desires of tourists rather than reflecting evidence of how these tourists behave during their leisure time in their place of origin. In addition, the recognition that tourists from different places may have dissimilar motivations and may behave differently even when on holiday in the same location suggests there is a need to ensure that appropriate tourism development takes place that carefully considers the place specific nature of the motivations and behaviour of the target market, rather than attempting to cater to a socio-culturally and behaviourally homogenous tourist population. Finally, place specific differences in tourism and leisure motivations and behaviour indicate care should be taken when attempting to develop facilities to meet the needs of both tourists and local leisured people within a destination.

Keywords: Behaviour;motivation;place

LEISURE PRACTICES AND TOURSIM DEVELOPMENTS

Raymond Thomas Hibbins, PhD

Program Director (Undergraduate)

Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management

Griffith University

Queensland, AUSTRALIA 4111

Phone: +61 7 3735 6559

Fax: +61 7 3735 6743

Email: r.hibbins@https://www.360docs.net/doc/9111522735.html,.au

Keynote address delivered at the International Tourism Symposium “Modern Leisure Practices and Tourism Development” in Beijing, P.R.China, 13 – 15 November 2006.

ABSTRACT

In the Asia-Pacific region we are experiencing socio-political and economic changes as well as uncertainty and turbulence created by terrorist activity, intranational strife and conflict and

environmental catastrophes like tsunamis. This is a region experiencing transmigration by large numbers of people for business purposes, and migration for humanitarian, employment and political reasons. These various migrations have contributed to increasing cultural diversity in the region and in particular nations.

The outcomes of such movement include: issues of citizenship, debates about the appropriateness of educational qualifications; questions about visas and multicultural policies; exploitation of labour; health issues and quarantine of particular goods and products; questions about cultural awareness and sensitivities in regards to the provision of services in the areas of tourism and leisure as well as racism, prejudice, discrimination and xenophobia; environmental degradation and sustainability associated with population increases and tourism. Developments in transnationalism and tourism have had important implications for the training of service providers and the raising of questions about the quality of services particularly in the areas of tourism, hospitality, recreation and leisure. Further, this leads to considerations of the cultural sensitivity of concepts and theories being used in cross-cultural comparative research especially in the area of leisure practices and tourism developments. Given the gendered and ethnic nature of migration as well as leisure behaviour, planning and policy making it is important that consideration be given to cultural appropriateness of the tools used to investigate these phenomena.

The above attempts to provide a context for this paper which will discuss the issues surrounding the impacts of ever increasing numbers of tourism developments on leisure practices of local communities and individuals on the eastern seaboard of Australia. These developments include environmental, cultural, educational, social and cultural impacts. Locals often protest for example, that these tourist developments sometimes associated with …big events? like international football competitions or car rallies are paid for from local taxes and rates which benefit the tourists but have few benefits for local communities. Occasionally these developments can mean the building of …big facilities? which have the potential of becoming …white elephants? if short-term gains are not linked with longer-term planning of local consequences. As well, this paper will address the implications of the tourist developments on the leisure behaviour and practices of locals but more particularly will explore the sensitivity of available research instruments in the field of leisure studies for investigating the interactions of diverse socio-cultural groups in these leisure and tourism contexts.

Key words: cultural diversity, leisure experiences, transnationalism, migration

农村居民闲暇旅游活动的动态分析

——以湖南省农村居民为例

贺小荣

(湖南师范大学旅游学院,湖南长沙,410081)

[摘要]农村居民闲暇生活是农村居民在闲暇时间内,即在农业生产活动结束和睡眠等基本需求满足之后的时间内进行的各种活动的总称。旅游的发展,在一定程度上改变了农村居民的生活习惯,看电视、打牌、闲聊等日常休闲活动减少了,出外参观、游览、学习等旅游消费行为增加了,出于公益或经济目的的旅游服务、演出服务增多了。通过分析统计数据我们还发现,农村居民的闲暇生活方式正在逐步多样化,闲暇生活质量不断提高,出游人数在逐年增加。旅游者的涌入、媒体的宣传等因素直接导致农村居民出游率的提高,同时,旅游的经历也在影响着农村居民的闲暇生活,具体表现在社区参与的积极性提高、对闲暇时间的价值的认识提高、对闲暇时间的安排更积极、技能学习的积极性提高、对旅游的认识加深等。为此,当地政府和社区应该对区内居民的闲暇生活正确引导,采取建设居民和游客共用的文化活动设施、组建乡村俱乐部负责居民出游管理、建立居民活动基金等措施来丰富和繁荣居民的闲暇生活,使农村居民的闲暇生活“不闲着”。

[关键词]农村居民;闲暇生活;旅游;湖南

基于“休闲体验”的乡村旅游发展研究

沈和江

(河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院旅游管理系, 河北石家庄 050016)

[摘要] 本文从休闲体验、乡村、乡村旅游的基本认知出发,对休闲体验的真谛、乡村和乡村旅游的层次进行了认知与判定,在此基础上,对“新农村、新旅游、新体验、新风尚”的乡村旅游主题理念进行了分析,并以“休闲体验”为核心,对发展乡村旅游的价值取向进行了阐释,即:休闲作为乡土环境下的“成为状态”(state of becoming),是乡村旅游发展的行为取向-----休闲氧吧;体验是对乡村独具特色人文内涵的感悟和感知,是对乡村本土化的咀嚼与品味---价值体验,追求的是对乡村本土化的投入----“畅”(flow),同时将和谐作为乡村旅游发展的基础,论述了“休闲、体验、和谐”在乡村旅游中的辨证关系。

[关键词]乡村旅游;休闲;体验;和谐

乡村休闲旅游:和合文化的视角

孙颖

(河南大学历史文化学院旅游系,河南开475001)

[摘要]乡村休闲旅游是在传统和合文化和和谐美学意识的驱动下,城市居民走向乡村享受、认识乡村生活,带有生态科教和身心回归自然色彩的专项旅游活动。乡村休闲旅游符合中国传统和合文化的思想精髓,符合构建和谐社会的时代要求,必将成为建设社会主义新农

村的一支重要力量。从和合文化的角度来分析认识乡村休闲旅游,有助于更深刻地理解它的发展动力,认识它的广阔前景,了解它的社会功能,并进一步开拓思路寻求它的发展策略,从而通过乡村休闲旅游的健康发展促进社会主义和谐社会的构建。

[关键词]乡村休闲旅游;和合文化;和谐社会;新农村

Reborn of Taiwan Kukeng coffee Festival

Feng-chou YANG* Yi-Jing WU **

** Dr. Associate Professor. of the Graduate School of Recreational Sport Management of the National Taiwan College of Physical

**Student of the Graduate Institute of Physical Education of the National Taiwan College of Physical Education

Kukeng town was renowned for planting coffee tree from 1895 to 1945 as Taiwan was occupied by Japan. Unfortunately it had been declined gradually since World War II ended. The local government is in a planed way to develop the sightseeing agriculture according to the success of rebuilding Kukeng coffee tree. In addition, the municipal government held the Taiwan Coffee Festival (TCF) repeatedly from 2003 to 2006. Significantly, TCF brought tremendous programmed recreation to visitors and new sightseeing business to local people. Moreover TCF strongly establishes the related leisure service business such as trial test coffee cafeteria, local food, beverage family style restaurant, and agricultural hostel nearby Huashan area. Practically it stimulates village life experience for the specific region during holidays and builds up new type of recreation business and raises the tourism volume.

This research is probed into through documents, collected newspapers, magazines, field investigation, and photo explanation. The purpose is to study the disappearance, rebirth, rises, and the vision of the future of the coffee related recreation industry in Kukeng. The conclusion of this research shows that the local non-profitable organization (NPO) and not-governmental organization (NGO) successfully expedited the emergence of tourism business and a brand-new community culture in Kuken . The TCF also create the mutual benefits between small town business and community culture simultaneously.

Finally, this monograph proposes a new strategy to combine with Kukeng township coffee industry, programmed recreation, and economy as equally important. The TCF experiences really provide the countryside and agricultural area that they currently face declining under the industrial competition as reference. In conclusion the successful experience of the TCF in Kukeng should not only bring tourists to the locality, but also popularize this successful sightseeing agriculture recreation tactics to the declining countryside where the situation is similar to and furthermore, the value of tourism and recreation reborn will be well created and expanded.

Keywords: Kukeng coffee、recreation、tourism

The Research on Application of Integrated Marketing Communications in Leisure Industry

in China

Guo Yong-Jian

(Beijing City University,Beijing 100083)

Abstract: Since leisure industry is affected easily by the consumer’s intangible and unmeasured elements, the traditional marketing theories which are used in the leisure industry can’t meet the needs of the leisure industry rocket development. This paper studies the application of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) in leisure industry from the aspects of the orientation of leisure production, the image fostering of leisure industry and leisure industry social marketing.

Key Words: Integrated marketing communications; Leisure; Leisure industry

整合营销传播理论在我国休闲业中的

应用研究

郭永建

(北京城市学院旅游系,北京 100083)

[摘要]由于休闲产业极易受其消费者无形的不可量化的因素的影响,当前休闲产业中所使用4Ps和4Cs等传统营销理论已难以适应休闲业急速发展的需求。本文借用整合营销传播理论的理念,从休闲产品合理定位、口径一致的品牌形象塑造,休闲产业社会营销等方面研究了休闲业整合营销传播策略的实施。

[关键词]整合营销传播;休闲;休闲产业

A Study on the Features of Leisure Behavior of Beijing Female Residents

LI Chen

(College of Arts & Science, Beijing Union university. Beijing 100083,China )

Abstract: With the rapid development of economy, leisure becomes an important part of city’s resident’s life in China. Th e full-fledges leisure industry, on the other hand, will facilitate the further development of economy, from which the government, investors and local residents will benefit in a real sense. As the principal active participants in leisure industry, the local residents play a very important role in that their behavior features would significantly affect the distribution and development of leisure industry. However up to now little research is carried out on

micro-market and group leisure activity. In order to fill in the gap, the present article will make a tentative research on the leisure behavior of female residents in Beijing and thus find out the factors that blocking their leisure activities.

北京市女性休闲行为特征研究

李琛1,2

(1.北京联合大学应用文理学院,北京 100083; 2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北

京 100101)

[摘要]本文利用北京市女性城镇居民内休闲生活的调查结果,从个人属性、社会属性等角度,对北京市女性休闲行为特征进行了较为详细的分析,探寻了北京市女性行为主体与休闲行为的互动关系规律,寻求制约北京市女性休闲行为的阻碍因素,为北京市休闲产业发展提供了基本依据。

[关键词]北京女性市民;休闲行为;阻碍因素

Theoretical Foundation and Research Progress of Industrial Tourism

Li Jiong-hua

( Department of Foreign Language and Tourism Management, Chinese Institute of Defence Sciences and Technology. Beijing 101601, China )

Industrial tourism is an important branch of industry tourism, an outcome of industrialization and the evolution of tourism industry. As a new way of tourism and an important way to change industrial corporation from single industrial structure to a plural one, industrial tourism has got much more attention from the day of its emerging and has a great prospect for development. This thesis expatiates on the connotation of industrial tourism and its theoretical foundation and reviews the research progress of industrial tourism.

Industrial tourism has no accepted scientific definition yet today. Due to the purpose and perspective of the study, opinions of the literatures vary.There aren’t basic differences in understanding to the content and the way of industrial tourism and it has become a consensus that industrial tourism is a special characteristic tourism type. Due to the different study perspective in the definition of industrial tourism, scholars have not yet formed a unified and clear vision. The key to define the special tourism is to highlight the feature of its resources and the significance of the activity itself.

Through comprehensive analysis, the author sums up the meaning of industrial tourism to the following three aspects: (1) Industrial tourism is an important branch of industry tourism, being a product of the continuous development of modern productive forces and being a new tourism form of cross-industry and tourism after tourism develops to a certain stage. (2)It takes industry resources such as industrial production scene, research and products, history and heritage, the enterprise culture and management experience as attraction,through packaging and design, pushing those industry resources to tourism market, giving prominence to attractiveness of industry resources and transforming them into tourism resources. (3) It is the integration of industrial production, sightseeing, participation, experience and entertainment to satisfy the unique needs to knowledge, innovation and novelty of the visitors. It is also a special tourism to achieve entrepreneur’s own economic, social and management goal.

The main theoretical bases of industrial tourism are: Theory of Location,Theory of tourist area life cycle, Theory of system, Theory of tourism economics and Theory of the growth of the firm.

At present, studies on the industrial tourism at home and abroad are mainly concentrated in the following areas: study on industrial tourism i n view of the old industrial district, study on industrial heritage tourism, study on mining tourism,study on influence of industrial tourism,study on developmental strategy of industrial tourism,study on industrial museum,study on the role of launching industrial tourism and study on industrial tourism market etc.

工业旅游的理论基础与研究进展

李炯华

( 中国防卫科技学院外语与旅游管理系, 北京101601 )

[摘要]工业旅游是产业旅游的一个重要分支,是旅游业发展的产物和工业化发展的结果。工业旅游作为工业企业转变自身单一产业结构向多元产业发展的一种重要途径和新型旅游方式,从诞生之日起就倍受各方关注,有着广阔的发展前景。阐述了工业旅游的内涵和理论基础,就工业旅游的研究进展作了综述。

[关键词]工业旅游;理论基础;研究进展

Tourism Industry Value Chain Analysis Based On Microcosmic Viewpoint

Liu Ting-li , Han Ru-bing

(Institute of Tourism ,Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101,China ) Abstract:On the basis of value chain analysis theory, through the collective analysis and case study of listed company, this paper explore the value chain structure characteristics of china tourism. Research detect that both tourism industry value chain inner tendency and internal value chain of company weakness are coexist, but the inner industry value chain cannot offset the negative effects of lowness or useless internal value chain, further more, different types of tourism business share in different value increment.

Key words: tourism industry; listed company; value chain

基于微观视角的旅游产业价值链分析

刘亭立

(北京联合大学旅游学院,北京 100101)

[摘要]本文借助于价值链分析理论,通过旅游上市公司的总体和个案分析,探析我国旅游产业的价值链构成形态及其特征。研究发现,上市公司中,旅游产业价值链内化趋同与企业内部价值链弱化现象并存,但内化的产业价值链并不能弥补低效或无效的内部价值链的负面影响,而且不同类型的旅游企业所分享到的价值增值存在较大差异。

[关键词]旅游产业;旅游上市公司;价值链

城市居民休闲方式选择倾向研究

——上海、武汉和成都的比较分析

楼嘉军1,岳培宇2

(1.华东师范大学旅游系,上海200062;2.中国西部杂志社,成都 610072)

(2.

[摘要]随着我国城市居民生活水平的不断提高,休闲已成为居民的一种生活常态。本文以长江流域东中西部的上海、武汉和成都三个中心城市为研究对象,结合市场调查的相关数据,对三地居民休闲活动伙伴、休闲方式、休闲时间、休闲场所、休闲消费等选择倾向进行了综合分析,并对由此形成的特点和差异进行了初步的探讨。

[关键词]休闲方式;居民倾向;比较分析;上海;武汉;成都

社会发展新架构下的“休闲力”及其现实发展

王雅林

(哈尔滨工业大学社会发展研究所)

[摘要] 以往的“马克思学”对马克思的社会理论作了偏重生产主义的解读,不能为包括休闲在内的“生活世界”现象提供合理的解释。本文提出了“生活/生产互构”的社会理论研究框架,揭示了“生活力”、“休闲力”在社会发展中的地位,并指出在当代社会变迁中休闲的功能日益扩大。在我国和谐社会的构建中,要防止休闲的异化发展走向。

[关键词] 历史唯物主义社会理论;生活/生产互构;生活力;休闲力;休闲的异化发展形态城市居民休闲生活影响因素研究

——以上海、武汉、成都为例

岳培宇1,楼嘉军 2

(1.中国西部杂志社,成都 610072;2.华东师范大学旅游系,上海

200062)

[摘要]随着社会经济的发展,城市居民休闲生活日益丰富,并且受到个人心理、个人社

会经济条件、群体支持、休闲方式性质等多方面因素的影响。本文以长江流域东、中、西

部区域中心城市上海、武汉和成都为例,在实证调查的基础上,围绕居民休闲生活的各方

面影响因素,以不同性别、不同年龄、不同家庭收入和不同文化层次群体为主体进行了阐

述,在分析和对比三地居民选择的基础上,对其中呈现出来的有关特征进行了初步探讨。

[关键词]休闲生活;城市居民;影响因素;成都,武汉

Rural recreational tourism

—— a Perspective of Harmonious Culture

SUN Ying

(Tourism Department, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001,China)

Abstract:Rural recreational tourism is a special tourist activity that urban residents, propelled by the traditional harmonious culture, go to countryside to enjoy life and return to nature. With the spirit and essence of traditional Chinese harmonious culture, rural recreational tourism conforms to the time requirements to build a harmonious society, and it is bound to become an important force in building a new socialistic countryside. Analyzing rural recreational tourism from the perspective of harmonious cultural, contributes to make a more profound understanding of its drive, bright future and social function to further explore new ideas for its development strategy and promote the healthy development of building a harmonious society.

Key words:r ural recreational tourism, leisure, harmonious culture,harmonious society

A Motivition-Based Typology of Travel Information Search Online

Chaang-Iuan Ho*,Chih-Hao Tsao

(Department of Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Management

Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan, China) Abstract: The primary objective of this study has been to develop a typology based on motivations for travel information search online. An analysis of these motives, including hedonism, reduction of uncertainty, social interaction, and functional orientation, has suggested the existence of four information-searching groups. These four groups have been labeled utilitarian, hedonist, inactive seekers, and smart buyers. Information-searching types have been profiled in terms of their preferred information categories browsed and search strategies. The theoretical and managerial implications of the research results have been discussed.

Key words: online travel information search, search motives, segmentation.

短途自驾车休闲旅游市场研究

——以苏州为个案分析

吴新宇1,许凌2

(苏州大学应用技术学院旅游系;苏州经贸职业技术学院旅游系)

[摘要]随着收入的增加、生活质量的提高、汽车进入更多的家庭以及交通等基础设施条件的改善,人们越来越不能满足于传统观光旅游方式,也不能满足于在城市中娱乐逛街看电视等传统休闲方式,于是以休闲为目的的旅游方式、以旅游为手段的休闲方式——短途自驾车休闲旅游活动成为当前城市有车族的一种生活方式。本文从苏州短途自驾车休闲旅游兴起的背景出发,剖析了该市场六大特征,并针对这一市场对城郊游憩地带来的影响提出了一般和具体的营销策略。

[关键词]短途;自驾车;休闲旅游;苏州

论苏州西山休闲旅游的开发

许凌1,吴新宇2

(1.苏州经贸职业技术学院旅游系;2.苏州大学应用技术学院旅游系)

[摘要]西山休闲旅游的开发,不仅是打造太湖休闲旅游带的重要一环,也为苏州传统旅游注入新的内容。然而,当前西山旅游的开发过程中,产品混乱、各自为政、形象模糊、市场狭窄等问题束缚了发展。本文主要从休闲旅游开发的角度,论述了西山如何在休闲旅游发展的大背景下,合理规划旅游资源,科学发展休闲旅游业。

[关键词]西山;太湖;休闲旅游

城市休闲功能区建设的影响

——以西安曲江新区为例

张宏1,赵荣2

(1.苏州经贸职业技术学院,江苏苏州215021 ;2.西北大学文博学院历史文化

遗产保护研究中心,陕西西安 71006)

[摘要]目的以曲江新区的建为例探讨城市休闲功能区建设特点和影响。方法采用实地调查和文献考证。结果城市休闲功能区的建设必须关注以下几个问题:注意城市经济的整体健康;必须有专项基金用于当地居民的就业培训;注意延续城市的文脉,保留鲜明的地方感;加强对政府相关政策内容和趋势的研究;密切跟踪房地产市场的变化。结论城市休闲功能区的建设能有力改善城市环境,提升城市形象,是我国城市建设一个值得注意的发展趋势。

[关键词]西安;曲江新区;休闲;影响

休闲与人类健康发展关系的

探究与思考

赵鹏,刘捷

(北京联大旅游学院,北京100101)

[摘要]本文从热爱生命,关注人类健康角度阐述休闲与其之间的关系。从人性系统的角度分析休闲所能达到的境界。休闲是表达人性系统内在生命与身心的和谐,社会关系及心理精神的和谐,人与自然、人与社会的和谐。并使人类在健康的休闲中发现自我深层的意识和良知,从而确立世界人类一体化的观念,以此提高人类的精神和道德境界,共筑人类美好人生。

[关键词]生命;健康;休闲;人性系统;境界

古村落旅游文化价值解说指导下的产品设

计*

——以中国历史文化名村爨底下村为例

赵一人, 张祖群

(首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院旅游管理系,北京100070)

[摘要]目的根据古村落资源特点,建立“历史—建筑—民俗”解说模式并运用到爨底下村旅游文化价值解说中,指导产品设计,更加强化其文化内涵和综合价值。方法采用以中国历史文化名村爨底下村为例进行实证研究的方法及对比研究法突出其集自然景观、人文景观于一体的旅游资源的双重特点。结果爨底下村有着悠久的历史渊源、古朴的四合院民居建筑、特色的民俗风情,结合上述特点,在旅游文化价值解说指导下对现有旅游产品进行改进、优化与设计,充分展现出爨底下村显在、隐在的文化内涵和旅游价值。结论实证研究将“历史—建筑—民俗”解说模式运用到爨底下村旅游文化价值解说中,并以此指导产品设计,这种解说模式和用于指导产品设计的互动研究方式,可为古村落的开发、保护及旅游拓展等提供借鉴,并可推广到其他古村落的研究中去。

[关键词]古村落;旅游文化价值解说;旅游产品设计;爨底下村

北京博物馆休闲产业发展的现状及对策

王静i

(北京联合大学旅游学院, 北京 100101)

[摘要]本文首先从博物馆质量、分布范围和种类、技术手段三个方面介绍了北京博物馆休闲业发展的资源、客源优势。然后通过实地调研总结出其存在三方面的问题并提出对策:第一、营销手段落后,宣传力度欠缺。应注重与媒体各界和旅行社建立良好的关系、借助举办各种节庆活动扩大博物馆的知名度、进入学校、社区开展讲座等活动,扩大社会影响。第二、内容更新较慢。纵向上要不断根据顾客的需求使馆内内容呈动态发展。横向上要与国外同类型博物馆建立密切联系,形成联合巡展。第三、相关服务有待提高。应提供免费便利参观设施和标有时间数据的参观旅游路线图,方便参观者自主选择与参观。通过专门培训提升博物馆服务人员服务水平。

[关键词]北京博物馆;休闲产业;现状;对策

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