秦观《送钱秀才序》翻译、答案解析

秦观《送钱秀才序》翻译、答案解析
秦观《送钱秀才序》翻译、答案解析

秦观《送钱秀才序》翻译、答案解析

去年夏,余始与钱节遇于京师,一见握手相狎侮,不顾忌讳,如平生故人。余所泊第,节数辰辄一来就,语笑终日去。或遂与俱出,遨游饮食而归;或阙然不见至数浃日,莫卜所诣,大衢支径,卒相觏逢,辄谩骂索酒不肯已。因登楼,纵饮狂醉,各驰驴去,亦不相辞谢。异日复然,率以为常。

至秋,余先浮汴绝淮以归。后逾月,而节亦出都矣。于是复会于高邮。高邮,余乡也,而邑令适节之僚婿,为留数十日。余既以所学迂阔,不售于世,乡人多笑之,耻与游,而余亦不愿见也。因闭门却扫,日以文史自娱。其不忍遽绝而时过之者,惟道人参寥、东海徐子思兄弟数人而已。节闻而心慕之。数人者来,节每偕焉,循陋巷,款小扉,叱奴使通,即自褫带坐南轩下。余出见之,相与论诗书,讲字画,茗饮弈棋,或至夜艾,而绝口未尝一言及曩时事也。于是余始奇节能同余弛张,而节亦浸知余非脂韦②汩没之人矣。

客闻而笑之曰:“子二人者,昔日浩歌剧饮,白眼视礼法士,一燕费十余万钱,何纵也!今者室居而舆出,非澹泊之事不治,掩抑若处子,又何拘也!罔两问景曰③:…曩子坐,今子起;曩子行,今子止。何其无特操与??子二人之谓矣!”余对曰:“吾二人者,信景也,宜乎子之问也。当为若语:其凡夫思虑可以求索,视听可以闻见,而操履可以殆及者,皆物也。歌酒之娱,文字之乐,等物而已矣,固何足以殊观哉!渔父有云:…沧浪之水清兮,可以濯吾缨;沧浪之水浊兮,可以濯吾足。?夫清浊因水而不在物,拘纵因时而不在己。余病弗能久矣,不意偶似之也,而复何苦窃窃焉,随余而隘之哉!”客无以应。

一日,节曰:“我补官嘉禾,今期至,当行矣,盍有诗以为送乎?”比懒赋诗,又重逆其意,因叙游从本末之迹,并以解嘲之词赠焉。节,吴越文穆王之苗裔,翰林之孙,起居之子,倜傥好事,有父祖风云。

注解:①僚婿:姊妹的丈夫互称,俗称“连襟”。②脂韦:油脂和软皮,比喻阿谀或圆滑。③罔两问景曰:语出庄子《齐物论》,罔两,影子的影子。

阅读训练:

1.对下列句子中加点字词的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.莫卜所诣诣:到,往

B.或至夜艾艾:止息

C.而节亦浸知余非脂韦汩没之人矣浸:深入

D.比懒赋诗比:近来

答案:1.C(浸:渐渐)

2、对下列句子中加点字词的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.一见握手相狎侮狎:亲昵

B.循陋巷,款小扉款:敲扣

C.而节亦浸知余非脂韦汩没之人矣浸:深入

D.比懒赋诗,又重逆其意逆:违背

答案:1.C(浸:渐渐)

3.下列句子中加点词的意义和用法,相同的一组是(3分)

A.因闭门却扫

夫清浊因水而不在物

B.其不忍遽绝而时过之者

其凡夫思虑可以求索

C.数人者来,节每偕焉

而复何苦窃窃焉随余而隘之哉

D.子二人之谓矣

不意偶似之也

答案:.B

A、于是;因为。

B、那些

C、代词,他们;然??样子。

D、宾语提前的标志;这样。

4.下列句子中加点词的意义和用法,不相同的一组是(3分)

A.余先浮汴绝淮以归

或脱身以逃,不能溶于远近

B.何其无特操与?

至于誓天断发,泣下沾襟,何其衰也

C.今者室居而舆出

蟹六跪而二螯

D.子二人之谓矣

背负青天而莫之夭閼者

答案:D.

A、都表修饰

B、都是“多么”的意思

C、都表并列

D、并与前置的标志;代词,它。

5.把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(9分)

(1)大衢支径,卒相觏逢,辄谩骂索酒不肯已。(3分)

译句:(我与钱节)在大街或小路上,猝然相逢,总是肆意笑骂,索要美酒不肯停止。

衢:街道。径:小路。卒:同“猝”猝然,突然。觏:遇见,相逢。

(2)今者室居而舆出,非澹泊之事不治,掩抑若处子,又何拘也!(3分)

译句:现在(要么)待在家里,(要么)坐了车子才出门,不是淡泊的事不做,抑郁(低调、压抑)得像个未出嫁的女子,为什么会这么拘谨呢?

舆:车子。治:做。掩抑:抑郁、压抑。处子:未出嫁的女子。

(3)余既以所学迂阔,不售于世,乡人多笑之,耻与游。(3分)

译句:我既然因为学问迂腐不切实际,在世间考不中进士,同乡大多笑话我,把和我交往当成耻辱。

以:因为。迂阔:迂腐不切实际。售:考试得中。耻:意动用法,以??为耻辱。

6.作者将本文视作“解嘲之词”的原因有哪些?请简要概括。(4分)

答案:(1)才学未能赢得功名,只能自我欣赏;(2)言行举止貌似特立独行,实则不被世人理解接受;(3)钱节与他相互欣赏、相互安慰,其实是同样难以为世俗标准认同。(4分,答出两点给全分)

7、秦观“并以解嘲之词赠焉”的原因有哪些?请简要概括。(4分)

答案:(1)君子处世进退或行为拘纵因时运而定。

(2)我与钱节都是洒脱不甘沉沦的人。

《送钱秀才序》参考译文:

去年夏天,我开始与钱节在京城相遇,一见面便握手亲昵戏弄,没有什么顾忌如平时老朋友一样。我的住所,钱节隔几天就来,来了就笑语满面天黑才离开。有时候和他一起出去,交游吃饭然后才回来;有时候几十天间搁不见,不随便猜测所到的地方。(我与钱节)在大街或小路上,猝然相逢,总是肆意笑骂,索要美酒不肯停止。于是上楼放纵饮酒大醉,各自骑驴而去,也不相互告辞。他日又这样,都认为很正常。

到了秋天,我先漂游汴河渡过淮河而归。后来过了一月钱节也出京城,于是在高邮又见面。高邮市我的家乡,而县令恰好是钱节的连襟,为此留住几十天。我既然因为学问迂腐簿切实际,在世间考不中进士,同乡大多笑话我,把和我交往当成耻辱。我也不愿意见他们,

因为闭门谢客,每天以文史知识而自娱乐。哪些不忍心立即拒绝而时不时拜访的人,只有道人参寥、东海徐子思兄弟几人罢了。钱节知道后羡慕他们,几人来的时候,钱节常常一起来,沿着陋巷,敲扣小门,吆喝奴仆让他们向我通报,我就脱去衣带坐在面朝南的屋子中。我出来见他们,一起讨论诗书,研究字画,品茶下棋,有时候到了深夜才止息,而闭口不曾谈以前的事情。在这时我才对钱节能和我一样潇洒自如感到奇怪。而钱节也渐渐知道我也不是圆滑沉沦之人。

客人听到而笑之曰:你这两个人,过去放歌酔饮,看不起礼法之士,一次安乐花费十余万钱,为什么这样放纵啊!现在(要么)待在家里,(要么)坐车子出门,不是淡泊之事不做,压印得像个未出嫁的女子,为什么这么拘谨呢?影子的影子问影子说:“先前你走着,现在你又停下,先前你坐着,现在你又站起来,多么没有独立操守啊?”说的就是你们两个人。我回答说:“我们两个人确实是影子,你问的应该的。”应当为你说说。哪些凡夫子的想法是可以探索的,视听可以闻见,操守大概可以达到的。都是一般的人,歌酒的娱乐,文字的快乐,和一般人一样罢了。这有什么值得来特殊看待呢?渔父有云:“沧浪的水如果是清的,可以用来洗我帽缨;沧浪之水如果是浑浊的,可以用来洗我的脚。”清澈浑浊因为水(环境)而不在于物,拘谨放纵因为时局,不在于自己。我担心这种情况不能太久,没料想到和这偶然相似。你又为什么像这样明察秋毫呢。随着我一起停止吧,客人没有回答。

一天,钱节说:“我补授官职嘉禾,按时间到了,我应当前往了,为什么不作诗送我呢?”近来懒得作诗,现在又违背你的心意,于是叙述交往的始末,并把自我解嘲的词赠您。钱节是吴越文穆王的后代,翰林的孙子,起居的儿子,洒脱不拘束喜欢参与他人事务,有父辈祖辈高情远志。

药学英语第4版课后练习判断题翻译及答案

多媒体技术教程》(第三版)习题解答 第1章绪论 1.多媒体信息系统和多媒体计算机有什么不同?在概念上应如何看待两者之间的关系?多媒体信息系统是新一代高度集成的、功能强大的、智能化的计算机信息系统,它是提供多媒体信息、辅助人们对环境进行控制和决策的系统,是基于计算机、通信网络等现代化的工具和手段,服务于管理领域的信息处理系统。而多媒体计算机指的是硬件设施,多媒体计算机是多媒体信息系统得以应用的平台。 2.试归纳叙述多媒体关键特性以及这些特性之间的关系。 多媒体的关键特性主要包括信息载体的多样性、交互性和集成性这三个方面,这既是多媒体的主要特征,也是在多媒体研究中必须解决的主要问题。 信息载体的多样性是相对于计算机而言的,指的就是信息媒体的多样化,有人称之为信息多维化;多媒体的第二个关键特性是交互性,多媒体系统将向用户提供交互式使用、加工和控制信息的手段,为应用开辟更加广阔的领域,也为用户提供更加自然的信息存取手段;多媒体的集成性主要表现在两个方面,一是多媒体信息媒体的集成,二是处理这些媒体的设备与设施的集成。 信息载体的多样性是集成性的基础,没有多种信息媒体,也就无法进行多媒体信息的集成化处理;而处理多媒体的设备与设施的集成性是实现交互性的前提,没有系统、网络、软硬件设施的集成,就无法为用户交互式使用、加工和控制信息提供平台。 3.为什么说多媒体缩短了人类信息交流的路径?人类与计算机进行信息交流的目的是什么? 与以往的方法相比,计算机在数据处理方面有了很大的改善。计算机所提供的功能强大的数据组织和构造技术,如传统数据结构中的数组、向量、队列、堆栈、树和堆等,为动态地加工和处理数据提供了基础。高效的算法和高速的网络通信,大大地加强了用文字和数据表示概念的能力并加速了它的传递过程。但人类并不是仅仅依赖文本这一类单一的数据形式来传递所有的信息和接受概念的,图像、声音等多媒体信息都是人类获取和传递信息极为重要的渠道。图像的信息量最大,一幅画胜过千言万语,最直观、最能一目了然。而动态的影像视频和动画则更生动、更逼真、更接近客观世界的原型、更能反映事物的本质和内涵。声音和文字也是信息的重要媒体,综合应用不仅有利于接受,也有利于存储(记忆)和保留。这就意味着必须同时启动大脑的形象思维和逻辑思维,才能更好地获得更多更有用的信息。因此,通过多种感觉器官用多种信息媒体形式向人提供信息才算是更好的表达方法,它不仅加速和改善了理解,并且提高了信息接受的兴趣和注意力。多媒体正是利用各种信息媒体形式,集成地用声、图、文等来承载信息,也就是缩短信息传递的路径。 人类与计算机进行信息交流的目的是为了高效的获取、传递以及使用信息。计算机的发展使得人类的信息处理手段得到加强,高速的计算能力扩展了对数据进行重复计算的能力,大规模的存储扩展了记忆信息的范围,高速通信网使得我们可以同远在异地他乡的同事、朋友、亲人甚至陌生人进行快速的信息交换。这些机器成为我们与他人进行交流的中介。 第2章媒体及媒体技术 1.为什么说媒体具有不同的抽象层次?对媒体的抽象层次和性质进行小结。 在获得媒体语义的过程中,抽象起着十分重要的作用,这种抽象是复杂的,而且与任务有关。通常包括若干抽象层,每一个抽象层都包含着与具体的任务和问题域有关的模型。从接近具体感官的信息表示层到接近符号的信息表示层,信息的抽象程度递增,而数据量则递减。语义就是在从感官数据到符号数据的抽象过程中逐步形成的。对不同媒体来说,媒体的语义是处于不同层次上的。抽象的程度不同,语义的重点也就不同。

汉英翻译70句分析解析

1)这种力,是一般人看不见的生命力,只要生命存在,这种力就要显现。 It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself. 2)凭窗站了一会,微微的觉得凉意侵入。转过身来,忽然眼花缭乱,屋子里的别的东 西,都隐在光云里;…… Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light. 3)这架收音机该有多大的重量啊!它载着解放区人民的心,载着全中国人民的希望, 载着我们国家的命运。 What a heavy load this aerorplane bore! It carried the hearts of the people of the liberated areas,the hopes of the entire Chinese people,and the destiny of our country. 4)看着信,林震不禁独自笑起来了,他拿起笔把“中于”改成“终于”,准备在回信 时告诉他们下次要避免别字。 Reading the letter, Lin couldn’t help smiling to himself. He changed “rite” to “right” thinking that he should tell them to be more careful with their spelling next time they wrote. 5)人无千日好,花无百日红。 Man cannot be always fortunate;flowers don’t last forever. 6)除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间房呢。一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间 房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走。我没那么好的记性。大家见面,招呼声“吃了吗?”透着和气。 Besides the room I occupy, there are more than twenty rooms in the same compound. How many families are living there?Only Gold knows. Few of them occupy two rooms. Besides, they are always on the go. Some move in today and others move out tomorrow. I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all of them. When people meet, they pass the time of the day with each other, just to show their neighbor feelings.

药学专业英语简历

个人履历 教育背景: 2002-9---2006-02 在医学院药学系学习了所有药学专业的课程。 在医院中药房、西药房、住院药房、门诊药房、药库实习。熟 悉了医院工作环境和规章制度,及相关药事管理方面的工作。 在针剂,片剂和中药车间实习。熟悉了药品生产流程,质量控 制程序等相关方面的工作。使得在销售工作中对客户提出的相 关问题能够给出专业的答案。 2006-3---2006-6 在中药室学习。增加了对药品检验,鉴定等相关实验室知识。 并在此期间完成了毕业论文的设计,获得毕业答辩“优秀论 文”评定。 证书及技能 2004.9全国计算机等级三级证书 2005.12大学英语六级证书 能够熟练使用word,excel,PPT等各种办公软件,有良好的英语基础,但是口语欠佳,平时一直在努力学习spoken english 业务经验: 2007.5 在北京丰台区组织举行产品终端宣传会议 邀请终端药店,诊所及小医院共60多家参加,宣传公司的产品, 销售政策及未来市场规划,加强客户对公司品牌的认知以及对我公 司产品市场情况反馈。 2007.7在北京顺义区组织举行产品终端宣传订货会议 邀请终端药店,诊所及小医院共88家加,对公司各主要产品进行展 示,并举行了现场订货签单。进一步加强公司产品在北京地区的宣传 和推广。 2007.8 在石家庄和保定组织二级客户终端分销工作,进行了礼品促销;加

强了同二级客户的关系,加深了二级客户对我们的信任。 2007年,全年销量做到2700多万,居普药部门首位。 2008年,开始团队建设,负责北京,唐山,保定和石家庄区域团队协作。加强管理各区域业务员的二级客户分销工作,将分销工作做得更细致,更 深入。 2009.5,在北京平谷区组织举行产品终端宣传订货会议;6月在石家庄组织二级客户终端分销工作。 2010年—至今,依然负责北京及其周边地区的销售工作。 自我评价: ◆乐观、自信、积极向上 ◆很强的学习能力,能快速接受新事物 ◆较强的执行能力、沟通能力和良好的团队合作精神 求职意向:山西运城,西安或北京地区商务代表 Resume . Certifications and Skills 2004/09 National Computer Rank Examination Certificate. 3 2005/12 College English Test-6 2008/05-2008/07 The purchases/sales License of pharmaceuticals. Skillful in Microsoft Office(Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc); Fluently in oral English and skillful in listening、reading、writing. Assignment experience

英汉对比研究读书报告

英汉对比研究读书报告

摘要:英语和汉语的对比,通过对两这种语言的语法特征、修辞手段、翻译技巧、思维方式等等方面的具体讲解,把语言和文化结合起来,对中西方思维方式的不同加以对比分析讲解,清晰、不显枯燥的同时又具有说服力。众所周知,要想学好外语,对其特点的了解是必须的,而要了解其特点,最好的方法就是与母语加以比较。思维方式是造成语言差异的重要原因。影响思维方式的因素也多种多样。英语学习,尤其是翻译,不是一蹴而就的,它需要不断地理解学习和练习,更多时候,了解英汉语言之间的不同以及中西方文化、思维上的的追根溯源也是必要的,因为学习一门语言语言,在一定程度上也是对其文化和思维方式的学习。Speaking of English and Chinese comparison,the language of the two rhetorical devices, translation skills, thinking mode and so on,they combine language with culture. As we all know, in order to learn a foreign language, it is necessary to understand its characteristics, and to understand its characteristics, the best way is to compare with the mother tongue. There are many factors influencing the way of thinking. Learning English, especially translation, not overnight, it needs to understand the study and practice, more often, understanding between English and Chinese and Western cultures, different thinking on the back is necessary, because learning a foreign language is the way of thinking and learning. 关键词:思维方式语法特征修辞手段翻译技巧逻辑思维抽象思维英语注重形合,且注重环环相扣的逻辑关系,所以汉译英时往往要加入连词和对句子进行扩展和组合,形成复合句或长句;相反,由于汉语句子一般结构较为简化,无拖沓,所以在英译汉时也应当注意,常常需要将英语句子进行分解、拆散和重组。英语文章多为长短句交错使用,了解这一特点对平时汉译英和写作时也大有益处。又如,英语通常为物做主语,而汉语则为人,所以在英汉互译的时候要注意其人称、物称主语的转换。文化上的不同也是需要注意的,如在写作的时候,西方人喜欢引用专家学者,尤其是有科学依据的观点,而中国人则频繁使用领袖和伟人的话。思维方式是造成语言差异的重要原因。影响思维方式的因素也多种多样。其中最为明显的,概括而言是中国人的思维方式受到儒、道和佛三家的影响,形成了中国人的悟性,重人文,轻科学,而西方则讲求逻辑思维,以判断推理为主,提倡理性思辨和科学探索。英语学习,尤其是翻译,不是一蹴而就的,它需要不断地理解学习和练习,更多时候,了解英汉语言之间的不同以及中西方文化、思维上的的追根溯源也是必要的,因为学习一门语言语言,在一定程度上也是对其文化和思维方式的学习。The way of thinking,Performance method, rhetorical device,translation skill,logical thinking,abstract thinking, Pay attention to the logical relationship of interlocking, So the translation often join conjunctions and extension and combination of the sentence on the contrary, the Chinese sentence structure is simplified, without procrastination, so in English Chinese translation should also be noted that the English sentence often needs to be decomposed and detached and reassembled. English articles for the length of sentence interlaced, understanding of the characteristics of the usual translation and writing is also helpful. Cultural differences also need to be noted,

药学英语第五版原文翻译 (2)(2020年7月整理).pdf

Introduction to Physiology Introduction Physiology is the study of the functions of living matter. It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the whole of life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry. Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology—the replication of the genetic code for or example—many are specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary to divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant physiology, and animal physiology. To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs. When it is clear that a specific physiological process has a common basis in a wide variety of animal species, it is reasonable to assume that the same principles will apply to humans. The knowledge gained from this approach has given us a great insight into human physiology and endowed us with a solid foundation for the effective treatment of many diseases. The building blocks of the body are the cells, which are grouped together to form tissues. The principal types of tissue are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular, each with its own characteristics. Many connective tissues have relatively few cells but have an extensive extracellular matrix. In contrast, smooth muscle consists of densely packed layers of muscle cells linked together via specific cell junctions. Organs such as the brain, the heart, the lungs, the intestines, and the liver are formed by the aggregation of different kinds of tissues. The organs are themselves parts of distinct physiological systems. The heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system; the lungs, trachea, and bronchi together with the chest wall and diaphragm form the respiratory system; the skeleton and skeletal muscles form the musculoskeletal system; the brain, spinal cord, autonomic nerves and ganglia, and peripheral somatic nerves form the nervous system, and so on. Cells differ widely in form and function but they all have certain 生理学简介 介绍 生理学是研究生物体功能的科学。它研究生物体如何进行各种活动,如何饮食,如何运动,如何适应不断改变的环境,如何繁殖后代。这门学科包罗万象,涵盖了生物体整个生命过程。生理学成功地解释了生物体如何进行日常活动,基于的观点是生物体好比是结构复杂而灵巧的机器,其操作受物理和化学规律控制。 尽管从生物学整个范畴看,生物体某些活动过程是相似的——如基因编码的复制——但许多过程还是某些生物体群组特有的。鉴于此有必要将这门学科分成不同部分研究,如细菌生理学、植物生理学和动物生理学。 要研究一种动物如何活动,首先需要了解它的构成。要充分了解一个生物体的生理学活动就必须掌握全面的解剖学知识。一个生物体的各部分起着什么作用可通过实验观察得知。尽管我们对志愿者进行了许多重要的生理调查,但是实验条件需要精确控制,所以我们当前大多生理知识还是源于对其它动物如青蛙,兔子,猫和狗等的研究。当我们明确大多数动物物种的特定生理过程存在共同之处时,相同的生理原理适用于人类也是合理的。通过这种方法,我们获得了大量的知识,从而让我们对人类生理学有了更深入的了解,为我们有效治疗许多疾病提供了一个坚实的基础。 机体的基本组成物质是细胞,细胞结合在一起形成组织。组织的基本类型有上皮组织,结缔组织,神经组织和肌组织,每类组织都有各自的特征。许多结缔组织中细胞量相对较少,但是有大量的细胞外基质。相比而言,光滑的肌组织由大量密密麻麻的肌细胞通过特定的细胞连接组成。各种器官如脑,心脏,肺,小肠和肝等由不同种类的组织聚集而成。这些器官是不同生理系统的组成部分。心脏和血管组成心血管系统;肺,器官,支气管,胸壁和膈肌组成呼吸系统;骨骼和骨骼肌组成骨骼肌系统;大脑,脊髓,自主神经和神经中枢以及

2020年整理英汉对比翻译.pdf

Unit1 Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, in addition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet. If you venture just a little way into the woods, your menu can become even more varied. The roots of Jerusalem artichokes () are often dug in spring and fall at the edges of woods, where the grounds may once have been tilled or farmed. Under U.S. law all aliens seeking admission are presumed to require an immigrant visa unless they establish that they are entitled to receive a visa in one of the nonimmigrant categories. “I believe that the staging of ‘Turandot’ in Beijing will further demonstrate that the arts, whether opera or film, are the best media for people of different cultures and histories to co mmunicate with each other and to share their feelings and emotions”, said Zhang Yimou, the director of the production. “ I spent three or four hours on two short chapters –– savoring each paragraph, lingering over a sentence, a phrase or even a single word, building a detailed mental picture of the scene. Unit2 After lunch he walked to the Que Hua Bridge, where he hired a small boat and paddled along towards the north. Soon he reached the Li Xia Pavilion, so he stepped ashore and went in, and when he entered the gate he saw a house, the paint of which was practically all worn away. Of all the children, granny loved her second son, my uncle, best. The reason is that he not only resembles her very much, but also represents all her hopes. During those days, with grandpa losing his job first and then becoming bed-ridden with paralysis, our family was living in straitened circumstances. Granny pinned all the hopes of the family on my uncle, who was vivacious by nature and brilliant in his studies ever since his childhood,

2012药学英语翻译

Unit 1 Green pharmacy-herbal medicine 1) Plant kingdom once was mere pharmacy of the human race, but now when you get into the modern pharmacy, plant-derived drugs have been hardly found. 2) Although today the number of plant-based drugs has been decreased, the effective chemicals in many tables, capsule and bottle-contained drugs are originated from plant kingdom. 3) Among chemical substances contained in plants, some must be toxic, but some must be drugs available to us. 4) During the millions of years since man came to the earth, he has been doing experiments on a variety of plants about him. 5) There exist mistrust, suspicion and hostility between the orthodox medicine and herbal practitioners for many years, which are threatening the possibility of establishing good working relationship. 6) When we think of the effectiveness of quinine, the great contributions made by herbal medicine to medical science are quite evident. 7) However, in the past few decades, the number of newly-introduced drugs has obviously decreased. 8) The medical legacy of our motherland is an inexhaustible new-drug treasure, which remains us to tap with new methods. 9) If pharmacological method had not been introduced to the study of vinca rosea, the discovery of vincaleukoblastine would have been postponed by many years. 10) Western medicine hardly believes that someone who knows nothing of a disease mechanism could be capable of curing it. Unit 2 How does human body fight disease? People tend to believe that antibiotics were invented by human being, but in fact, they are purely natural products. Since Alexander Fleming, a British biologist discovered anti-microbial substance released by the Penicillium fungi in 1928, it has been learned that this substance can produce powerful antibiotic effect. In fact, antibiotics, are exactly manufactured by organisms, namely, bacteria and fungi, which people aim to destroy. After Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, Selma Walksman in 1943 isolated Streptomycin from a soil bacterium, Streptomycus griseus. Scientists have not made it clear completely why organisms can produce antibiotics. This question has become the topic for discussion. Why antibiotics are useful in medicine is that they can not only kill microbes, but also not kill the body cells as they do to the microbes, body cells are entirely different from those of bacteria cells, so that they can avoid being destroyed at the same time. Thus, antibiotics are called “magic bullet”because they may be particularly used to aim at certain microbes. This feature of antibiotics also makes them essentially different from anti-microbial agents: the latter tends to have poison to a majority of cells, whether the cells of bacteria or the body cells. Unit 3 Drug dependence Studies indicate that drug dependencies both a health problem and a social concern. The drug dependence affects not only individual’s health but also the public health at the same time. The drug use has obviously and severely negative effects on the human brain and physical health. But drug abuse and addiction have huge and potential threat, because whether the drug is used directly

英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)

英汉翻译讲解(1) I.英汉之间的差别: “对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。”------吕叔湘 国内学者的共识是:汉语是综合性的,描写性的,而英语是分析性的,逻辑性的。在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比(contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis),英语重形合(形式上的融合),汉语重意合(意思或意境的融合)。在句法方面,有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种: 1.雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来,开门见山,一语破的,然后再把各种标志一条条补述,一步步交代,慢条斯理,从容不迫,形成一条头短尾长地线性链,象头小尾大地雄孔雀。而汉语则相反,其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛,先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到,最后点出话语的信息中心,水到渠成,给人以豁然开朗之感,形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。 例如:I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 译文:由于贵国政府的提议,才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。 又如:The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely (不足地,不充分地;一定不,绝不)contested (斗争;比赛). 译文:如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受其基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。 2.葡萄/竹竿-----即把英语句子比作“葡萄型”结构,葡萄主干很短,其上附结着丰硕的果实。而汉语句子则较短,一个短句接一个短句地往下叙述,逐步展开,内容像竹竿一样一节一节展开,常称为“竹竿型”结构。 She was beautiful, with long dark hair and brilliant green eyes.她长得很美,一头乌黑亮丽的长发,一双晶莹明亮的绿色眼睛。 She has smooth akin as pale and iridescent as the moon shining over a snow-covered landscape.她光滑的肌肤白里透红,宛如皎洁的月光洒在茫茫血地上。 3.多枝共干----英语句子中还有两个或几个动词共受一个状语修饰,共有一个主语或宾语,或者两个或几个状语共同修饰一个动词,两个或几个主语或宾语共一个动词,这就好比几根树枝长在同一根树干上,我们称为“多枝共干”式结构。 4.也有学者认为英语是一种弥漫着“男子气”的语言。逻辑性、组织性和理性是以英语为母语的民族的思维支撑点,从而就形成了英语的“阳刚之美”。而汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹,不执着于形式结构的规范,中国人的思维支撑点似乎更具有抽象,深邃和疏放的取向,由此繁衍生出的是显赫的暗示和幽远的意境从而形成汉语的“阴柔之美”。汉语的魅力在于她的流散和疏放,系于她超凡的暗示力和意境性。所以汉语的形式机制很弱,主谓宾没有形式标定,主谓间关系松散,宾语无定格,无定位,主语的超句承接功能很强。 如果说汉语是一种“人治”语言,那么,英语则是一种“理性”语言。汉语能化逻辑为内在,英语则必须将逻辑外化,化作种种行合的标记,化作启转承合的纽带。英语语法规范森严,理性十足;英语形式逻辑缜密,滴水不漏。 5.汉语是一种意境语言,一种艺术语言。寥寥数词,就能出意境,出氛围,出画面。

药学英语

《药学英语》课程教学大纲 一、课程教学目的与任务 开设药学英语旨在从培养高级应用型人才的目标出发,结合药学及相关专业学生毕业后的工作实际,力求为他们提供其未来工作岗位所需要的专业英语知识和技能。通过教学,提高学生借助辞典和其他工具书籍,阅读国外文献的能力,并为将来我国执业药师与国际接轨做准备。 二、理论教学的基本要求 学完该课程后,在知识、技能和能力上分别应达到的以下程度: 了解英文药学文献的写作特点和格式,学习如何分析和理解英语长句。英国药典和美国药典的背景知识和使用方法,了解FDA的职责和功能;理解各章节PartA部分课文意思及PartB部分药品说明书中的常见例句;掌握掌握药品说明书必须书写的10个项目及其常用词汇,能够归纳出一些常见的化学基团的英文词缀;能用所学知识书写简单的英语药品说明书。 三、实践教学的基本要求 本课程实践学时全部以课堂对话形式进行,无单独实验项目。 四、教学学时分配

五、教学内容 Unit1 教学目的和要求:通过本章节学习,理解课文意思;掌握药品说明书的作用、项目;能够归纳出一些常见的化学基团的英文词缀。 教学重点:常用专业单词,如Pharmaceutical等的用法。 教学难点:文章翻译;常见的化学基团的英文词缀。 主要内容:PartAForeign Investment in Chinese Pharmaceutical Sector;PartB第1节药品名称;PartCChina—from self-sufficiency to World Leadership。 Unit 2 教学目的和要求:通过本章节学习,使学生理解课文意思;掌握常用专业单词,如supervision等的用法;掌握描述药物性状的常见句型;掌握药物性状的常用表达方式。 教学重点:常见的药物性状。 教学难点:常见描述药物性状的单词或短语。 主要内容:PartAFDA: Policeman or Teacher;PartB第2节药物性状;PartC Data Required for Drug Approval。 Unit 3 教学目的和要求:通过本章节学习,使学生掌握英文药品说明书中描写适应症的常见描短语或句型,常用专业单词,如临床药理(Clinical Pharmacology)、药效(Potency)、毒性(Toxicity)等。 教学重点:英文药品说明书中描写适应症的常见描短语或句型。 教学难点:文章翻译。 主要内容:PartA Pharmacological Tablet;PartB第2节药物性状。 Unit 4 教学目的和要求:通过本章节学习,使学生理解课文意思;掌握英文药品说明书中常见描写适应症、禁忌症的短语或句型。 教学重点:英文药品说明书中常见描写适应症、禁忌症的短语或句型。 教学难点:文章翻译。 主要内容:PartA Chemistry and Matter;PartB第4节适应症、第5节禁忌症。 Unit 5 教学目的和要求:通过本章节学习,使学生掌握英文药品说明书中描写用法用量及不良反应的常见短语或句型。常用专业单词,如常用表示剂量的术语平均剂量(average dose)、常用的剂量单位表示法、每次给药次数的表示方法:每隔…小时(every …hours)、每日三次(three times a day /daily)等。 教学重点:英文药品说明书中描写用法用量及不良反应的常见短语或句型。

药学英语课文翻译课后翻译节选中英双语对照第四版

本篇包括人卫第四版Unit 3B,Unit4A,5A,8A,10A,12AB,13A等七篇课文Unit 3 Text B The Other Side of Antibiotics 抗生素的另一面 Antibiotics have eliminated or controlled so many infectious diseases that virtually everyone has benefited from their use at one time or another. Even without such personal experience, however, one would have to be isolated indeed to be unaware of the virtues, real and speculative, of these “miracle” drugs1. The American press, radio, and television have done a good job of reporting the truly remarkable story of successes in the chemical war on germs. What′s more, any shortcomings on their part have been more than made up for by the aggressive public relations activity of the pharmaceutical companies which manufacture and sell antibiotics. 抗生素可以消除或控制很多种感染疾病,以致几乎每人生病时都习惯于使用它而受益,但是如果一个人没有这样的亲身经历,他必定是离群索居才会不知道这些“特效药物”或真实或推测的优点。美国的出版物、电台或电视台用大量的篇幅报道了有关对细菌的化学战中获得的这些显着功绩。而它的缺点却被生产和销售抗生素的制药公司通过公关活动掩藏了。 In comparison, the inadequacies and potential dangers of these remarkable drugs are much less widely known. And the lack of such knowledge can be bad, especially if it leads patients to pressure their doctors into prescribing antibiotics when such medication isn’t really needed, or leads them to switch doctors until they find one who is, so to speak, antibiotics-minded2. 相比而言,使用这些药物的危险性并不广为人知。对这种知识的缺乏将更糟糕,特别是当患者要求医生开处方用抗生素而事实并不需要,或患者频繁地更换医生直至找到一个同意开抗生素处方的医生。 Because the good side of the antibiotics story is so very well-known, there seems more point here to a review of some of the immediate and long-range problems that can come from today’s casual use of these drugs. It should be made clear in advance that calamities from the use of antibiotics are rare in relation to the enormous amounts of the drugs administered. But the potential hazards, so little touched on generally, do need a clear statement. 因为抗生素的好的一面已广为人知,今天抗生素的滥用导致短期或长期问题。我们预先应该知道与抗生素的巨大的使用量相比,它产生危害的例子是少见的。但是,尽管十分少见,需要对这种潜在的危险作一个清楚的说明。 The antibiotics are not, strictly speaking, exclusively prescription drugs. A number of them are permitted in such over-the-counter products as nasal sprays, lozenges, troches, creams, and ointments. Even if these products do no harm there is no point whatsoever in using them. If you have an infection

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