2017届初三年级英语中考第一轮总复习导学案专题八 动词和动词短语
2017届初三年级英语中考第一轮总复习导学案
专题八 动词和动词短语
教学目标：
1.动词的种类及区别；
2.动词的基本变化形式；
3.常见的动词词义辨析和动词短语辨析。 教学重难点：
1.动词的基本变化形式；
2.根据句意和选项结合，选择与句意相符的一项；
3.同一动词与不同介词或不同副词搭配的短语辨析；
4.语境辨析。
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（一）知识导图
?考点梳理?
（二）考点一：动词的分类 动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类：____________、____________、____________和____________。
I 、连系动词：它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
①状态性系动词：只有________，后面接形容词、地点副词、名词或介词短语等。 e.g.He is a teacher ． 他是一名教师。（说明主语的身份）
???
??
????
????
????
动词的分类?????
系动词
助动词情态动词
实义动词(行为动词)??? 及物动词
不及物动词动词的基本形式?????
原形第三人称单数的一般现在时的三种形式
现在分词过去式过去分词动词的八种基本时态???
??
一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、
一般过去时
过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时、
过去将来时动词的语态??
? 主动语态被动语态非谓语动词的形式：动词不定式、动名词、分词主谓一致性原则：意义一致、语法一致、就近原则
动
词
e.g.He is ill. (说明主语状态)
②持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep，rest，remain，stay，lie，stand，continue, 其后接表状态的adj。
e.g.He always kept silent at meeting．他开会时总保持沉默。
e.g.This matter rests a mystery．此事仍是一个谜。
③表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem，appear，look，其后接adj，to be+名词/ a dj，不定式，that-从句。
e.g.He looks tired．他看起来很累。
e.g.He seems （to be）very sad．他看起来很伤心。
④感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel，smell，sound，taste，look. （闻起来、听上去、尝起来、看上去）. 其后接adj。
e.g.This kind of cloth feels very soft．
e.g.This flower smells very sweet．
⑤变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run．其后接adj，名词，to be+adj，
e.g.He became mad after that．自那之后，他疯了。
⑥终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove，turn out，表达"证实"，"变成"之意。
e.g.The rumor proved false．这谣言证实有假。
e.g.His plan turned out a success．他的计划终于成功了。
【注意】
连系动词（A.有 B.没有）被动语态。
★对点训练★
1. The water _____ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
A. was felt
B. is felt
C. felt
D. Feels
2. He shook his head ______ and looked ____ when he was told the bad news.
A. sadly; sadly
B. sad; sad
C. sadly; sad
D. sad; sadly
3. I love to go to the forest in summer. It ____ good to walk in the forest or sit in the shade of trees.
A. does
B. feels
C. gets
D. Makes
4. ----I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend.
----_____ good.
A. Sound
B. Sounded
C. Sounding
D. Sounds
5. The discussion_____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A. was coming
B. had come
C. has come
D. came
6. The traffic lights_____ green and I pulled away.
A. came
B. grew
C. got
D. Turned
7. --- Is your headache getting _____?
--- No, it’s worse.
A.better
B. bad
C. less
D. Well
8. -----Would you advise me on how to stay_____?
-----Try to live regularly, eat more vegetables and be in a good state of mind.
A. health
B. Healthy
C. healthily
D. more healthily
9. The dog looked______. The boy looked ____at the poor dog.
A. dead; sad
B. dying; sadly
C. deadly; sadly
D. dying; sad
10.The cloth that she bought looks ____, feels _____ and sells_____.
A. beautiful; soft; well
B. beauty; softly; well
C. beautifully; softly; good
D. beautiful; soft; good
II、助动词：
①助动词(v.aux.)本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。
②助动词有be，have，shall(should)，will(would)和do。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。
?提示
be动词是最重要的系动词。主语不同，be的形式不同，且有时态的变化。但要注意be做系动词和助动词的区别。
①be做系动词时，强调主语的特征或处在的状态，也可说明主语时什么，
②做助动词时，强调主语的动作。
e.g.The door was closed. (系动词)
e.g.He door was closed by me. (助动词)
★对点训练★
①(2010·攀枝花)Mary with her sisters ________ Chinese in China.
A．are studying B．have studied C．is studying D．study
②(2010·宿迁)I ________ the charity show on TV when the telephone rang.
A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．was watching
★对点训练★
①(2010·菏泽)—It's dangerous to swim here. Look at the sign.
—Oh, I ________ notice it. Thanks for telling me.
A．haven't B．won't C．don't D．didn't
②(2010·兰州)They ________(agree) with each other, so they argued for a long time.
★对点训练★
①(2010·扬州)—It's said that an airport ________in Yangzhou.
—It's true. That's what we are getting excited about these days.
A．builds B．will build C．is building D．will be built
②(2010·江西)—Hello, Sandy. This is Jack. What are you doing?
—I'm watching a match. It started at 7 p．m. and ________ on for another half an hour. A．has been B．was C．had been D．will be
③(2010·常州)—What's his plan after he leaves school?
—He ________ (go) to Beijing for further education.
III、情态动词（详见专题九）
IV、行为动词
行为动词又在___________，即含有实在意义的动词。实意动词分为___________和
★对点训练★
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
①My father ________（work）in a factory and yesterday he ________（leave）.
go through通过，经受
go over复习，检查
go up（价格）上涨，建造起来go against违反
go away离开
go by时间过去
go down降低，（日、月）西沉go on(with)继续进行
go out外出，熄灭
go off发出响声
8. get
get down下来，记下，使沮丧get on进展，进步，穿上，上车get off脱下,下车
get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假get over克服，从疾病中恢复get along with进展，相处
get up起床
get into (trouble) 陷入困境中get back取回，收回
get out 出去
get to 到达。。。
9. give
give away赠送，泄露，出卖give out发出，疲劳，分发，give in (to sb.) 屈服
give up放弃，让（座位）10. hand
hand in交上，提交
hand out分发
11.hold
hold on to…继续，坚持
hold up举起，使停顿
hold on别挂电话，等，坚持12. keep
keep up with跟上
keep out 不使。。。进入
keep from克制，阻止
keep away from避开，不接近，
keep on继续，坚持下来
keep down 使。。。处于低水平
13.knock
knock at/on敲
knock into撞到某人身上
14. look
look up查找，向上看
look through翻阅，浏览
look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找
look out(for)当心
look about / around/round四下查看
look forward to盼望
15. make
make up编造，打扮，组成
make into / of / from 制成
16.pass
pass by经过
pass down(on)…to传给
17. pay
pay back还钱，报复
pay for付钱，因…得到报应
18. pick
pick up拾起，接人，站起，收听，
pick out挑选，辨认，看出
19. put
put up张贴，举起，
put out伸出，扑灭
put off推迟
put into放进，翻译
put away放好，存钱
put down记下，平息
put on穿戴，上映，
put aside放到一边
put back放回
21. run
run after追逐，追捕
run away逃跑
run off跑掉，迅速离开
run out of用完
22. set
set up建立
set off 激起，引起
23. take
take after 与…相像
take off脱掉，起飞
take away拿走
take up从事，占用（时间空间）
take down记录，取下
take back收回
take pride in以… ……为自豪,
take the place of 代替
24. think
think of想起，考虑，对…看法
think out（自然）想出办法
think up想出（设计出、发明、编造）
think about考虑
think over仔细考虑
25. turn
turn off / on打开
turn to翻到，转向，求助
turn down调低，拒绝
turn back返回，转回去
turn round转过身来
turn up向上翻，出现，音量调大26. care
care about 担心，关心；在乎，介意care for 关心，关怀，照顾
27. clean
clean up 把…打扫干净，把…收拾整齐
clean out 清除；把…打扫干净
28.learn
learn about 获悉，得知，认识到learn from 从/向。。。学习
29. fight
fight for..争取获得…
fight against 争取克服、战胜…
fight with…与。。。搏斗/战斗
30. dream
dream of梦想，想橡
dream about 梦到。。。
31. work
work for 为。。工作
work out 产生结果；发展；成功32. argue
argue with …与。。。争论
argue about..争论。。。
33. complain
complain to 向。。抱怨
complain about抱怨。。。
34. hear
hear of 听说，得知
hear about听到。。。的事，听到。。的话
hear from接到。。。的信
35. talk
talk about 讨论。。。talk with/to..和。。。讨论
36. live
live in 住在。。。
live on 以。。。为主食
37. stand
stand out 突显，引人注目
stand up 起立，站起来
38.其它常用词组
wake up 醒，唤醒，弄醒
stay up 不睡觉；熬夜
depend on依靠；取决于
worry about为。。。担忧
laugh at嘲笑。。。
begin with以。。。开始
mix up混合、搀和
major in 主修
grow up成长
open up 打开，张开；开发
end up到达或来到某处；
达到某状态
throw away 丢弃。。。
ask for要求。。。
wait for等待。。。
agree with同意。。。
find out（经研究或询问）获知某事
send out 发出，放出，射出
search for 搜索，搜查
chop down 砍到
have.. on 穿着。。。
step out of 跨步走出
drop out of 从。。。掉出
happen to 发生在。。。
belong to属于
arrive in /at到达。。。
try on试穿。。。
vote on对。。。进行投票
strech out伸展。。。
hang out闲逛
leave for离开前往
sell out 卖完、售完
show up 出席；露面
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look after照顾,照看 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱;支付 point at指示;指向 point to指向...... prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢 quarrel with (和某人)吵架 regard ... as ...把......当作......;当作 stop ... from阻止......做...... talk about说话;谈话;谈论
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