Unit 5 Nelson Mandela学案(新人教版必修1)

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela学案(新人教版必修1)
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela学案(新人教版必修1)

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero

课前预习

单词拼写

1. We had a ________(平静的)afternoon without the children.

2. The drug was tested over a five-week ____.(时期)

3. He was permitted to ______(继续)with his work while in prison.

4. You're putting me in rather a difficult ____(形势).

5. The hills were covered with a thick ____(毛毯)of snow.

6. In general, children of ____(受到教育过的) parents tend to get better grades.

7. When marchers gathered on a third day of protest, ____(暴力)erupted and buildings were burned.

8. The school has a system of ____(奖金)and punishments to encourage good

behavior

9. I was sure he was involved in some kind of ____(罪犯) activity .

10. People fled in ____(恐怖) as fire tore through the building.

重点短语

1.丧失勇气或信心 ______

2.处于不幸中,在监禁中 _________

3.担心 _

4.失业 _____

5.青年团 ________

6.事实上___________

7.爆炸 __ 8.把…投入监狱 _____________

9.当权,上台 10.设立,建立___________________

11.被判处______________ 12.乐于做某事______________

13.积极参与______________ 14.反对,同…斗争______________

15.充当,担任______________ 16.信任,信仰______________

17放弃______________ 18.用和平方式______________

19.以暴力对抗暴力______________ 20.在某点上,就某种意义上来说__________

小组探究

课文理解

Read the passage silently and quickly tell whether they are true or false.

(1)Elias met Nelson Mandela at school. ( )

(2)Nelson Mandela was a black lawyer. ( )

(3)Elias was unable to read or write because he was lazy. ( )

(4)Nelson Mandela helped him keep his job。()

(5)Elias was happy blowing up the government buildings. ( )

(6)Nelson Mandela believed that black people were being treated as well as white people in South Africa. ( )

(7)Nelson Mandela thought violence was a good way to help black people.( )

(8)The government were happy with Nelson Mandela and the ANC ( )

Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1.Elias was unhappy in the prison because______

A. he was kept with the criminals

B. the prison guards studied with him

C. he had to study

D. he could not study for a degree

2.Nelson Mandela showed how good a leader he was because________

A. he fought the guards in prison

B. he refused to let the guards study in his school

C. he let the guards study in his school but not take the exams.

D. he let the guards study even though the prisoners could not take the exams

3.Life for Elias was not too bad in prison because ______ .

A. he had to study

B. he could study with the guards.

C. he wanted to study

D. he could study and get a degree

4. As leader of South Africa, Nelson Mandela helped prisoners of Robben Island by_____

A. giving them an education

B. giving them money

C. putting the guards in prison

D. giving them a job.

全员探究

你认为伟大的人物拥有什么品质?

[要点导航]quality [U]&[C] 质量;[C](尤指好的)人品,素质,品德(通常用复数)。例如:

When costs are cut product quality suffers.

一旦降低成本,产品质量就会受到影响

It?s very important

拥有一批高素质的教师是非常重要的。

[思维拓展] quality和quantity辨析:

quality 表示“质量”。和quality连用的动词有improve, judge;连用的形容词有poor, high, good, top 等。例如:

Their quality of life improved when they moved to France.

他们移居法国之后生活质量提高了。

This new model is of high quality and is not expensive either.

这种新型号质量非常好,而且也不贵。

quantity表示“数量”,常与large,small等词搭配。例如:

He ate a small quantity of rice. 他吃了少量的米饭。

He died and left unpublished works.

他死了,留下大量未及发表的作品。

2. Are you willing to do Public service work without pay?

你愿意不要报酬为公众服务吗?

[要点导航] willing adj.愿意,乐意;自愿的,乐于相助的。例如:

They keep a list of people who

他们有一份愿意夜间工作的人的名单。

I told them

我告诉他们我非常乐于帮忙。

他们是志愿工作者。

[思维拓展] 表示“乐于帮助他人”的结构有:

be ready/prepared to do something

be glad/happy/pleased to do something

not mind doing something

[问题探究] willing的两个含义,用法上有什么不同?

提示:注意willing在句中的位置。表示“愿意;乐意”,一般作表语;表示“自愿的;乐于相助的”,通常放在名词前作定语。

3. Are you active in school activities?

你积极参加学校活动吗?

[要点导航] active adj.积极的;活跃的。例如:

What is the active ingredient in aspirin?

什么是阿司匹林中的有效成分?

They were

.他们两人在政治上都很积极。

Although he?s nearly 80,

尽管快80岁了,他还是十分活跃。

[思维拓展] active构成的短语有:

①take an active part in 积极参加。例如:

She takes an active part in school life.她积极参加学校活动。

②take active steps 采取积极措施。例如:

They took active steps to prevent the spread of the disease.

他们采取积极措施,防止疾病蔓延。

③be active in 积极参加。例如:

The company is active in promoting overseas investment.

这家公司积极促进国外投资。

4. Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble?

当身处困难时,你容易失去信心吗?

(1) lose heart

[要点导航] lose heart 丧失勇气或信心。例如:

We mustn't when people complain.

当人们抱怨时,我们不能泄气。

[思维拓展] lose one’s heart to = fall in love with 爱上

I had lost my heart to the little, golden flowers that brightened the meadows like a thousand suns.

我爱上了这种金黄色的小花,它们象许许多多的太阳点燃了整个草原。

This very thing was the only one of the reasons why he had never lost his heart to anyone.

这件事是他从来不爱别人的唯一原因。

⑵in trouble

[要点导航] in trouble 处于困境中;受到牵连。例如:

We're in trouble,this is no time for contention.

我们处境很困难,现在不是争论的时候。

He?s in trouble with the police.他犯事落入到警察的手里。

You need a friend to help you out of trouble.

你需要一个朋友帮助你摆脱困境。

[思维拓展] trouble构成的短语还有:

①get/run into trouble 陷入困境。get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境

例如:

The company ran into trouble when it tried to expand too quickly.

扩张的太迅速,公司陷入了困境。

My brother was always getting me into trouble with my parents.

以前我弟弟经常连累我遭父母的责难。

②take the trouble to do something 不辞辛劳地做。例如:

She didn?t even take the trouble to find out how to spell my name.

她嫌麻烦,甚至连我的姓名如何拼写都不想搞清楚。

③have trouble (in) doing something 做某事有麻烦

Students growing up from nursery school to college have trouble dealing with realities. 从幼儿园到大学的大学生在如何应付现实生活上都存在困难。

④save the trouble of doing 避免麻烦

If you'd asked me first, I could have saved you the trouble.

如果你已开始就问我,就省了你的麻烦。

⑤put somebody to trouble 给(某人)添麻烦

I don?t want to put you to a lot of trouble.

我不想给你添很多麻烦。

你能翻译出下列句子吗?

1) Don?t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.

2)I?m sorry to put you so much trouble.

3)I hope we haven?t put you to any trouble.

4)He is always making trouble.

5)Don?t ask/look for trouble.

6)Students growing up from nursery school to college have trouble dealing with realities.

5. Nelson Mandela – a modern hero

纳尔逊·曼德拉–- 一位现代英雄

[要点导航] hero n.(pl.heroes) 英雄;男主角。例如:

The Olympic team were given a hero?s welcome on their return home.

奥运代表队回国时受到了英雄般的欢迎。

The hero of the novel is a ten—year old boy.

这部小说的主人公是个十岁的男孩。

[思维拓展] heroine 女英雄;女主角。例如:

The story is narrated entirely by the heroine.

这个故事完全是由女英雄叙述的。

The heroine of her latest novel is a middle—class English woman.

她最新小说的女主人公是英国中产阶级的妇女。

[问题探究] 阴、阳性形式不同的名词还有哪些?

提示:boy男孩→girl女孩bridegroom新郎→bride新娘

father父亲→mother母亲gentleman先生→lady女士

husband丈夫→wife妻子man男人→woman女人

nephew侄子→niece侄女son儿子→daughter女儿

uncle伯伯,叔叔→aunt伯母king 国王→queen女王,王后prince王子→princess公主actor男演员→actress女演员

host男主人→hostess女主人manager男经理→manageress女经理

waiter男侍者→waitress女侍者

Ⅱ.

二战中,他与德国纳粹和日本侵略者作斗争。

[要点导航] fight vt.& vi.(fought, fought)打仗;斗争。

①fight sb.与某人打仗、斗争。例如:

They gathered soldiers to 。

他们召集士兵对抗入侵的军队。

Vietnam fought France and then the US over 30 years.

越南先是跟法国,后来跟美国,共打了30点多年的仗。

②fight for 为……打仗、斗争。例如:

People often have to

人们往往不得不为自由而战。

They are fighting for

他们在为争取较好的工作条件而斗争。

③fight against 与……打仗、斗争,为反对……而斗争。例如:

England fought against(with) Germany in that war.

在那场战争中英国和德国作战。

This increased their determination to 。

这增强了他们反对这场战争的决心。

[思维拓展] fight [C] 打仗;打架;争论。例如:

In the fight for Lemburg, the Austrians lost.

在争夺伦贝格的战役中,奥地利人被打败了。

A fight broke out between rival groups of fans.

双方球迷打了起来。

We had a fight over money.我们为钱吵了一架。

[问题探究] fight可接同源宾语,如fight a hard battle打一场硬仗,fight a good fight打一场漂亮的仗。在第三单元我们已学习了可接同源宾语的动词,你现在还能把这些词回忆起来吗?

提示:可接同源宾语的动词有fight, live, dream, sing, die, smile, breathe等。

2. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.

他坚信三民主义,即民族主义、民权主义和民生主义。

[要点导航] principle 法则;原则;原理。例如:

On the basis of the five principles for peaceful coexistence there can be reasonable dialogue between any two governments.

以和平共处的五项原则为基础任何两国政府间都可以进行合理的对话。

It is a principle of mine to help people when I can.

我的一个原则是在我能够帮助人的时候帮助人。

[思维拓展] in principle 原则上;大致上;通常。例如;

They agree to the plan in principle。

他们原则上同意这个计划。

3. … and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.

为了自己的国家脱离英国的统治,用和平的方式而战斗。

[要点导航] peaceful adj.和平的;宁静的。例如:

We must cooperate to。

我们必须协力建造和谐的社会。

We want to live in a place more peaceful than here.

我们想住在一个比这里安静的地方。

[思维拓展] peace [U] 和平;安静。例如:

It was a temporary peace, and another war soon broke out.

短暂的和平之后不久另一场战争又爆发了。

He lost his peace of mind.他失去了心灵的宁静。

[问题探究]你能说出peace构成的常用短语吗?

提示:at peace 和平的(地),in peace平安的(地),安心的(地),

make peace讲和,make one?s peace with跟……讲和。

4. He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.

他为了黑人而战斗,在监狱里呆了30年。

[要点导航] prison [C][U] 监狱,看守所。例如:

The pickpocket was sent to prison for a year.

那个小偷被判处一年监禁。

He has been out of prison for 3 years now.他出狱已经3年了。

They'll probably put him in prison for a long time.

很有可能,他们会让他在监狱里呆上很长时间。

[问题探究] prison 表示“监狱”时,前面一般不加冠词,类似用法的名词还有哪些?有哪些常用搭配?

提示:这类词有bed,church,court,hospital,prison,school,college,university等。在下列情况下一般不用定冠词the。例如:

go to bed(to sleep or as invalids) 上床睡觉或(病人)卧床

go to church(to pray) 去教堂祷告

go to court(as litigants) 上法院打官司

go to hospital(as patients) 去医院就医

go to prison(as prisoners) 进监狱坐牢

go to school/college/university(to study) 去学校/学院/大学读书

in bed(sleeping or resting) 在床上(睡觉或休息)

at church(as worshippers) 在教堂做礼拜

in court(as witnesses) 在法庭作证

in hospital(as patients) 生病住院

at school(as students) 在学校读书

be/get back/home from school/college 从学校/大学回到家里

leave school离校,放学回家

leave hospital出院

be released from prison 出狱

如果往这些地方去是由于其他原因,则要用定冠词:

I went to the church to see the stained glass.

我到教堂看染色拼花玻璃窗去了。

He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures.

他有时去监狱给囚犯演讲。

第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候,是我一生中非常艰难的时期。

[要点导航] period [C] 时期;学时;周期。例如:

The factory will be closed down over a 2-year period/a period of two years. 这家工厂将在2年内关闭。

You can have it for a trial period.这东西你可以试用一段时间。

What class do you have first period?

第一学期你学习什么课程?

2. It was in 1952 and he had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people on their problems.

那是在1952年,他开设了一家黑人律师事务所,为那些遇到麻烦的穷苦黑人提供咨询服务。

[要点导航] advise v.劝告,忠告,建议。用法如下:

①advise sb not to do sth./ against doing sth. 建议某人不做某事

advise (sb.) against sth./doing sth.建议……不做某事。例如:

She advised him not to sleep late. 她建议他别睡懒觉。

She advised him against staying up late. 她建议他别熬夜。

我要极力奉劝你别单独外出。

②advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事

她劝我穿上最好的衣服。

The doctor advised me to take more exercise.

医生嘱咐我多加锻炼。

③advise doing sth.建议做某事。例如:

I if you want to travel in August.要是想在8月份去旅游,我建议及早购票。

④advise that sb. (should )do sth. 建议某人做某事。例如:

We advised that steps (should) be taken at once .我们建议立即采取措施。

They advise that a passport be carried with you at all time.

他们建议护照要随时带在身边。

⑤advise sb. on sth.就……给某人提建议。例如:

I have advised you on that matter.

关于那件事我已经给过你建议。

[思维拓展] advice [U] 建议。例如:

a piece of advice 一条建议ask s

b for advice 向某人征求建议

give sb. advice on…给某人关于……的建议

give some advice on how to learn English 提如何学习英语的建议

[问题探究] advise后面可接动名词作宾语、不定式作宾补,用法类似的动词还有哪些?

提示:用法类似的动词还有:forbid, allow, permit等。例如:

Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.

大多数父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽烟。

We allow smoking only in restricted areas.

我们只允许在指定的地点吸烟。

你知道哪些动词后that从句用(should )+v.原形吗?

3. The school where I had studied only two years was three kilometers away.

我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三公里远。

[要点导航] be…away有……远,可以指距离,也可以指时间。例如:

The beach is a mile away. 海滩在一英里外。

The station is a few minute s? walk away。

这儿到车站要走几分钟的路。

[思维拓展] be…away 不在;离开。例如:

She was away from work for a week. 她有一个星期没来上班。

There were ten children away yesterday. 昨天有十个孩子缺席。

[问题探究] 改正下面句子中的错误:He has left the office for half an hour.

提示:leave为瞬间动词,后面不能接表示时段的for短语。可改为:

①He has been away from the office for half an hour.

②It?s half an hour since he left the office.

③He left the office half an hour ago.

4. I had to leave, because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.

我不得不辍学,因为我的家庭无法继续支付。

[要点导航] continue vt.& vi.持续,继续(用于不中断的继续或中断后的继续)。用法如下:

①continue + (adv.) 持续;(朝相同方向)延伸。例如:

The discussion continued after a break.

在短暂的休息后讨论继续进行。

The road continues to the sea.这条路伸展到海边。

②continued + noun 继续、持续……。例如:

I?ll continue my study for another year.我将在继续学习一年。

“Then I flew to Paris,” she continued.

她接着说,“然后我飞往巴黎。”

③continue to do/doing sth.继续做某事。例如:

She wanted to continue working after she was married.

她想结婚后继续工作。

The rain continue to fall all afternoon.

这场雨整整一个下午下个不停。

④continue + adj./prep-phrase。继续……,仍旧……。例如:

According to the weather report, the weather will continue fine till this weekend.

据天气预报,到本周末天气仍然很好。

My father continues in good health.我父亲依旧身体健。

[归纳拓展]

1. If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined

如果这雨一直下去,花园就完了。(keep up 继续)

2.The hot weather lasted until the end of September.

炎热的天气一直持续到九月底。(last 继续、持续vi.)

3.The wet weather extended into September.

潮湿阴雨的天气延续到九月份。(extend 延长、继续)

5. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.

几经周折,我才在一家金矿上找到了一份工作。

该句中after为介词,“after + 动名词短语”相当于一个after引导的时间状语从句。

[要点导航] gold [U] 金子,黄金;adj.金的,金质的。例如:

Gold is still a valuable metal but is often found in the mountain streams.金子仍然是一种贵重金属,但是常常能在山里的溪流中找到。

All is not gold that glitters.闪闪发光物,未必尽黄金。

She wore a gold ring.她戴了一枚金戒指。

[思维拓展] gold mine意为“金矿”,是一个“名词+ 名词”组成的合成名词。这类合成词中的第一个名词,多表示第二个名词所表示的东西的地点、时间、目的等。试辨别:city life(地点)Christmas gift(时间)

gun powder(目的)gold ring(材料)

fairy tale(内容)birthday party(原因)

[问题探究] gold和golden有什么区别?

提示:gold作名词指“黄金,金币”,作形容词指“金制的,金色的”;golden只能作形容词,意为“金色的,金黄色的,美好的”等。两个词均有“金色的”之意,但golden 为常用词,多用于象征或比喻意义,容易发生词义混淆时也要使用golden。例如:

a gold watch金表;a golden watch金色的表

a golden opportunity良机;golden memories美好的记忆

6. Sadly I did not have this passbook because I was not born there and I was worried about whether I would be out of work.

非常遗憾的是我没有这个证件,因为我不是在那里出生的,我很担心我是不是会失业。

(1)worry

[要点导航] worry vt.& vi.担心;使(某人)担心,使烦恼(常用过去分词当形容词用)。常用结构如下:

①worry sb.使某人担心。例如:

What?s worrying you? 你在担心什么?

________________________他担心自己的将来。

②be worried about/that 对……担心的(表示状态)。例如:

Doctors are worried about the possible spread of the disease.

医生担心这疾病可能会蔓延。

I was woreried that we wouldn?t have enough money.

我担心我们的钱不够。

③worry about/worry that 担心……(表示动作)。例如:

He is always________________________----

他总是为自己的体重发愁。

He worried that he would fail the exam.他担心会考不及格。

[问题探究] 作为形容词,worried和worrying有何区别?

提示:worried意为“担心的,焦虑的”,表状态,常指人;worrying意为“令人担心的,烦人的”,表性质,常指事物。例如:

She is so worried about her exams.她很担心自己的考试。

It?s a worrying problem.这是一个烦人的问题。

It?s been a worrying few weeks for us all.

这几个星期大家都忧心忡忡。

(2) out of work

[要点导航]

out of work 失业= out of a job

He has been out of work for two years . 他失业两年了。

[思维拓展]

观察例句,体会out of 的含义

1) look out of the window往窗外看

2) He lives a few miles out of the city. 他住在离市区数英里之外的地方。

He is out of sight/hearing. 他在看不到/听不到的地方。

3) choose one of the ten从这十个中选一个

4) He made the basket out of bamboo. 她用竹子做的篮子。

5) He is out of patience. 他不能忍受。

He has been out of work for two years. 他失业两年了。

6) I did it for her out of kindness.我由于好心为她做那些事。

7) Your coat is out of fashion.你的外套过时了。

8) This is a scene out of that movie. 这是那部电影的一幕。

9) I talk her out of going out alone. 我劝她不要一个人外出。

10) He cheated her out of her money. 他骗取她的金钱。

7. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.

过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利,剥夺我们的进步,一直到今天,我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。

(1) see

[要点导航] see v.遭遇;目睹;经历(不用进行式)。例如:

____________________________________---许多变革发生于19世纪。

Next year sees the centenary of Verdi?s death.

明年是威尔第逝世100周年。

This old building has seen better days.

这栋老房子有过辉煌的日子。

[思维拓展] 表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等名词作为主语,而用see, find, bring, give, escape, kill, seize, know, tell, take等动词作谓语,可使语言显得形象、生动。例如:

Most of the money find its way to the people who need it.

多数的钱都会辗转到需要的人手中。

The defeat last night killed the team?s chances of qualifying.

昨晚的失败使这个队失去了获得资格的机会。

(2)stage

[要点导航] stage [C] 舞台;阶段;时期。例如:

They marched off stage to the sound of trumpets.

在号角声中,他们阔步退下舞台。

The children are ____________of development.

这些孩子处于不同的成长阶段。

This technology is still ____________

这项技术还处于其早期开发阶段。

[思维拓展]注意stage构成的短语:

bring/put…on the stage 上演……

on the stage 在舞台上;当演员

set the stage for 布置……的舞台;为……做准备

take to the stage 当演

8. Black people had no vote and would not choose who ruled them.

当时黑人没有选举权,他们无权选择管理他们的人。

[要点导航] vote [C] 投票;选票;票决。例如:

an open/a secret vote 记名/无记名投票

I gave my vote to Mr. Wang.我投王先生的票。

He won the election because he got most votes..

他选举获胜了,因为他得了大多数的选票。

[思维拓展] vote vt.& vi.投票;选举。常用句式如下:

①vote (on + noun) 就……投票、表决。例如:

In those days women couldn?t vote.当年妇女无权投票。

- ____________________________________现在对这个问题来投票表决。

②vote for/against 投票赞成/反对。例如:

I voted for the Labor candidate. in the last election.

在上次选举中我们投了工党的票。

Most of the Republican Party ________________________.

大多数的共和党议员对那项议案投了反对票。

③vote to do/that…投票去做……,投票决定……。例如:

Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%.

国会表决通过对国外援助增加10%。

The committee ________________________

委员会投票决定比赛应延期。

9. we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.

我们被置于这样一个境地:要么我们被迫接受底人一等的现实,要么跟政府作斗争。

该句中,in which 引导的定语从句修饰position,相当于where。定语从句中,either…or 连接两个不定式短语。have to被either所分隔。

(1) position

[要点导航] position [C]位置;职位;形势。例如:

From the position on the cliff top, he had a good view of the harbor.

他在悬崖之巅,海港景色一览无余。

She held the position of sales manager.

她担任销售经理的职务。

What would you do in my position?

你要是碰到我这样的情况会怎样办?

You are putting me ________________________

你是在让我陷入一种相当困难的处境。

[思维拓展] 识记position构成的常用短语:

in position 在适当的地位

out of position 不得其所;在错误的位置

take up your position 站好你的位置;就位

hold a position 担任一个职位

the position has been filled 这一职位已经有人了

in a good position 境况良好

in one?s position 处于某人的处境下

put somebody in a … position 使某人陷于……处境

(2) accept

[要点导航] accept vt.接受,认可;vi.同意,承认。例如

________________________请接受我的歉意。

There is nothing we can do about it so ________________________.

对此我们没有办法,只好认可。

We?ve invited her here to give a talk, and she has accepted.

我们邀请她到这里作演讲,她同意了。

[问题探究] accept和receive 用法上有何区别?

提示:accept接受,指的是主观上接受了;receive 收到,指客观上收到,不一定接受。例如:

I've received a gift from him, but I'm not going to accept it.

我收到了他送的礼物,但是我不准备接受。

⑶less important

[要点导航] less和least可加在各类音节的形容词或副词词前面表示“较不……”或“最不……”,可称为较低级或最低级。例如:

This house is less beautiful.(不如……美)than yours.

He is a less cunning man than his brother.

This house is the least beautiful.(最不美)of all.

She looks less and less beautiful.(越来越不美).

[思维拓展] less表示“比较少的”,也可用在不可数名词前面构成比较级。例如:He has ________________________than his brother.

He has less trouble(but fewer troubles)than last year.

I have less chance(but fewer chances)than he.

10. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.

只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

(1) only 倒装句

[要点导航] “Only + 状语(从句)+ 助动词+ 主语+ 动词等”可构成倒装句。例如:

Only then did she realize the stress he was under.

直到那时她才意识到他所承受的压力。

Only when his father came back ____________

当他父亲回来的时候,他才上床睡觉。

[问题探究] only放在句首,句子一定倒装吗?

提示:only放在句首时,修饰状语才倒装,修饰主语则不倒装。例如:Only you understand me.只有你了解我。

[开动脑筋]

试试高考题:

1)(?04-重庆-34)I failed in the final examination last term and only then ____ the importance of studies.

A.I realized

B. I had realized

C. had I realized

D. did I realize

2 ) (…03上海-38)Only when your identity has been checked,______.

A. you are allowed in

B. you will be allowed in

C. will you allow in

D. will you be allowed in

3 ) (?05 福建-32) Only after my friend came______.

A. did the computer repair

B. he repaired the computer

C. was the computer repaired

D. the computer was repaired

(2) violence

[要点导航] violence [U] 暴力,暴行。例如:

He condemned the protesters? use of violence against the police.

他谴责抗议者对警察使用暴力。

Is there too much sex and violence on TV?

电视上有太多的暴力和色情吗?

[思维拓展] violent adj.暴力的,强暴的。例如:

Students were involved in violent clashes with the police.

学生和警察发生了暴力冲突。

Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.

不应允许儿童看暴力电影。

11. As a matter of fact, I do not like violence… but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government building.

事实上,我并不喜欢暴力,但是在1963年的时候,我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。

⑴as a matter of fact

[要点导航] as a matter of fact实际情况,真相。例如:

I'm going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact.

实际情况是我明天就要去那儿。

She doesn?t do badly. As a matter of fact, she is quite well off.

她过的并不坏,事实恰恰相反,她相当富裕。

[思维拓展] 表示“事实上”含义的结构还有:

①in fact/in actual fact 实际上;事实。例如:

He doesn?t mind. ________________________--.

他并不介意,事实上他很高兴。

②The fact is/The fact of the matter is 事实上。例如:

The fact is, I don?t want any money from him.

老实说,我并不想要他的钱。

③It?s a fact that…事实是……。例如:

It?s fact that most deaths from lung cancer are caused by smoking. 事实是,大部分因肺癌而导致的死亡是由吸烟引起的。

⑵blow up

[要点导航] blow up vi.爆炸;突然严峻;大发雷霆。例如:

A police officer was killed ____________-

一名警官在其汽车爆炸时遇难。

A crisis has blown up over the peace talks.和谈出现了危机。

Jenny?s father blew up when she didn?t come home last night.

珍妮昨晚没回家,她的父亲大为光火。

[思维拓展] blow up vt.炸毁;给……充气;放大(照片)。例如:

The police station was blown up by terrorists.

警察局被恐怖分子炸毁了。

Stop at the gas station and we?ll blow up the tyres.

在加油站停一下,我们要给轮胎打气。

How much would it cost to have this photo blown up?

把这张照片放大要多少钱?

12. But I was happy to help because I knew it was to realize our dream of making black and white people equal.

但是,我乐于帮忙,因为我知道,这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。

[要点导航] equal adj.相同的;平等的。例如:

There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.

这个班男女生人数相等。

The company has an ____________________________________

这家公司的政策是人人机会均等。

[思维拓展] equal to sth. 相等的;能胜任的。例如:

A pound is ____________500 grams.一磅约等于500克。

I hope that he ________________________-------.

我希望他能应付这一挑战。

1. You cannot imagine how the sound of the name of Robben Island made us afraid.

你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。

[要点导航] imagine vt. 想象,设想。例如:

Close your eyes and ________________________-.

闭上眼睛,想象一个热带岛屿。

I can just ________________________我确实能想到他那么说。

I can just imagine ________________________- 我能想象得出这个地方几年后会是什么样子。

Imagine________________________________________________-想象你遭遇到了船舶失事。

I imagine him ____________我想象他是个高大的人。

[思维拓展] imagine vt.认为,推想(不可用进行式)。例如:

He imagines that people don't believe him.

他总是认为人们不信任他。

[问题探究]请归纳imagine的用法。

提示:imagine sth.想象……,在心里描绘……

imagine doing/sb. doing 想象(某人)做……

imagine that/wh-clause 想象……

imagine sb./sth. as 想象……为……

imagine that-clause 认为……

2. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.

他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。

[要点导航] should (ought to)have done sth.表示“本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做”。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”,ought to 在语气上比should 要强。例如:

You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.

你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.

他不该把旧衣服扔了。(事实上已扔了。)

[思维拓展] “情态动词+ have + 过去分词”的用法还有:

①should/ would like连用表示未实现的愿望。

He would like to have seen it.他本想看看它。(但没能看到)

②与could连用,表示过去没有利用的能力或过去的可能性。

I could have made a lot of money.

我本来能够赚到许多钱。(但我没能赚到。)

③与may/might连用,表示推想发生在过去的动作。

He may\might have left=It is possible that he(has)left.

他可能已经走了。

You might\could have been killed!(那时)你可能会送了命的!

④与can’t/couldn’t连用表示否定的推论。

He can’t/couldn’have moved the piano himself.

这台钢琴不可能是他自己搬的。

3. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.

他说他们不应该被剥夺学习的权利。

[要点导航] stop sb from doing 阻止某人做某事(=prevent/keep sb from doing)。例如:The church bells stop me from sleeping.教堂的钟声使我不能入睡。

The stone walls stop the farmers cows from joining the neighbors.

石头墙使农民家的牛不会混入邻居的牛群中去。

[思维拓展] keep doing继续或保持做某事(强调动作的持续性)。例如:News of successes keep pouring in.. 捷报频传。

keep on doing继续或反复做某事(强调动作的反复性)。例如:

We will keep on trying and, if we get anything done, will notify you.

我们将继续努力,有结果将通知你。

keep sb doing使某人一直做某事(表示被迫进行的动作)。例如:

I'll try not to keep you waiting.. 我尽量不让你久等。

4. Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office.

因为我受过比较好的教育,我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。

[要点导航] better educated 是well educated的比较级。

educated adj.受过教育的,有教养的。例如:

an educated person 受过教育的人

a British-educated lawyer 受英国教育的律师

She is a well-educated lady.她是位有良好教养的女士。

He spoke in an educated voice.他说话很斯文。

[思维拓展] educate vt.教育;送……上学;训练。用法如下:

①educate sb.教育某人。例如:

An educator must first ____________--.教育者必须自己先受教育。

The writer was educated at a very good school.

这位作家在一所很好的学校里受过教育。

②educate sb. to do 教育某人做……。例如:

Parents should________________________-

父母应当教育子女守规矩。

The child________________________

那小孩被训练得能够考虑周密。

[问题探究] well-known的比较级和最高级是什么?

提示:better-known; best-known

5. I did not work for twenty years until Mr. Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1993.

在曼德拉和非国大于1993年掌权以前,我有20年没有工作。

[要点导航] come into/to power 当权,上台。例如:

De Gaulle came to power in 1958.戴高乐是1958年上台的。

The party came into power at the last election.

这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。

[思维拓展] come into 构成的短语还有:

come into contact 联系;came into being 形成,诞生

come into effect 实施;come into existence 形成.

come into force 实施;come into sight 看见

6. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.

我第一次向一群人谈话时,我感到非常糟糕。

[要点导航] the first time 在句中引导时间状语从句。例如:

The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous.

我第一次爬上墙时,感到非常紧张。

[思维拓展] 表时间的短语可以引导时间状语从句,如:the instant, the minute, the day, the year, each (every) time ,next time, the first (second last ) time, by the time等。例如:

Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.

每次感冒我的背就疼。

The minute he saw her, he fell in love.他对她一见倾心。

The day he returned home, his father was already dead.

他回家的那一天,他的父亲已经死了。

He was much better the last time I saw her.我上次见他时好多了

By the time he was taken to the hospital he was neatly dead.

他被送到医院时已经不行了。

7. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.

我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。

(1) terror

[要点导航] terror [U] 惊恐;恐惧。[C] 可怕的人;恐怖的事。例如:

Her eyes were wild with terror.她的眼睛充满了恐惧。

She lives in terror of losing her job.

她一直胆战心惊地害怕丢失了工作。

These street gangs have become the terror of the neighborhood.

这些街头少年团伙使得周围邻里谈之色变。

[思维拓展] 识记下列terror的派生词汇:

terrorism 恐怖主义terrorist 恐怖分子;恐怖主义者

terrorize 恐吓;威胁terrify 使恐惧;使惊吓

terrified 恐惧;很害怕terrible 非常讨厌的;令人极不快的

(2) fear

[要点导航] fear [C][U] 害怕,恐惧;担心;顾虑。例如:

He was shaking with fear.他害怕得直发抖。

There is no fear of his getting any injury.他不会受伤的。

The teacher refused to have his daughter in his class, for fear of showing favor to her.

教师不愿意把自己的女儿编入自己的班级,恐怕会对她有所偏袒。

[思维拓展] fear vt.& vi. 惧怕,害怕;担忧。用法如下:

①fear that-clause 担心……。例如:

Einstein feared ____________________________________________________________-------- 爱因斯坦担心其他德国科学家会率先造出原子弹。

I fear ________________________-我怕他们已经动身了。

②fear to do 害怕做……。例如:

Women ________________________.妇女害怕晚上外出。

③fear for 为……担忧。例如:

Mary ________________________-玛丽为儿子的安全担忧。

④I fear so/not 恐怕是的/恐怕不是。例如:

“He must be dead then.” “I fear so/I fear not.”

“那么他肯定死了。”“恐怕是这样/恐怕不是

8. I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards…

我记起了狱卒的鞭打和暴行……

[要点导航] cruelty [U] 残酷;残暴。例如:

The deliberate cruelty of his words cut her like a knife.

他说的那些残酷无情的话对她像刀割一样。

[思维拓展] cruel adj.残忍的;冷酷的。例如:

He is cruel to animals.他对动物很残酷。

Her eyes were cruel and hard。她目光犀利。

9. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government was my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks.

他们说,从南非政府得到的这份工作和薪饷,是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。

[要点导航] reward n. & vt.酬谢;;报答;酬金:为某些特殊服务提供或给予的金钱,例如丢失物品的归还或犯罪分子的捕获。例如:

a reward of $900 for catching the criminal

因抓获罪犯而得900美元酬金

It's a reward for virtue.那是对美德的回报。

How can I reward your kindness? 我如何酬谢你的好意呢?

She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.

她因自己的努力而得到一笔奖金。

[思维拓展] rewarding adj.值得做的;有益的。例如:

a rewarding experience/jo

b 有益的经历/工作

Teaching is not very financially rewarding..教书不会有很高的报酬。

[问题探究] reward和award用法有何区别?

提示:reward表示“奖赏,酬谢”,只能以人或人的行为作宾语,后面加介词with,for,常用于借喻中。award 表示“给与,授予”(奖章,奖金等),后面可以跟两个宾语。例如:She?s been awarded a scholarship to study at Oxford.

她获得了去牛津大学念书的奖学金。

They rewarded the boy for bringing back the lost dog.

他们给了那个男孩5美元,酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。

语法探究

The Attributive Clause

一、关系副词

引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where或why等。when, where, why均在定语从句中作状语,在意义上相当于“介词+ which”结构,分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。

1. when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.

我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when = on which)

He came at a time when we needed him most.

他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when = at which)

2. where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

I recently went back to the town where I was born.

我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where = in which)

What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday?

你度假的那个地方叫什么名字?(where = at which)

3. why 指原因,在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

请告诉我你误机的原因。(why = for which)

The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.

他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

4. that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why 及“介词+ which”,在口语中that常被省略。例如:

His father died the year (that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

注意,无论是关系代词,还是关系副词,都在定语从句中取代了先行词,因此,先行词在定语从句中不复出现。

This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday. (×)

This is the book that I borrowed yesterday. (√)

这就是我昨天借的书。

that在定语从句中取代了先行词the book,作borrowed的宾语,因此,要去掉it。

The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practise their spoken English. (×)

The English Corner is the place where people often go to practise their spoken English. (√)

英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的地方。

where在定语从句中取代了先行词the space,作go的状语,因此,要去掉there

二、“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句

“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句是一种既非常常见又比较复杂的定语从句结构。

1.“介词+ 关系代词”中介词的位置

关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that, who不可以),也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。例如:

He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.

(= He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.)

他是个经验丰富的人,从他那儿可以学到很多。

The school in which he once worked is a key school.

(=The school (which / that) he once worked in is a key school.)

他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。

2. “介词+ 关系代词”的常见结构:

①介词+ which/whom

This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。

Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.

很幸运,我们带了一张地图,如没有的话,我们就会迷路了。

②名词+ of + which/whom

Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.

请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。

③数词+ of + which/whom

She's got three luck pens, two of which she never uses.

她有三支幸运笔,其中两支从未用过。

In our school there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women.

我校大约有200位教师,其中百分之三十是女教师。

④代词+ of + which/whom

In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.

我发现篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。

There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.

我们班有50个学生,其中大多数来自大城市。

⑤最高级+ of + which/whom

China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.

中国有数千个岛屿,其中最大的是台湾岛。

⑥介词+ which + 名词

He usually returns home at 10:00, at which hour his father locks all the doors and windows.

他通常十点钟回家,这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。

含有介词的短语动词(如:look for, look after, take care of)一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。

This is the very book for which I am looking. (×)

This is the very book (that) I am looking for. (√)

这正是我在找的书。

3. 关系代词前介词的选择

①根据动词和介词的搭配关系选择。

The things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.

他们引以为豪的东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。(feel proud of是词组)

In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.

在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help是固定搭配词组)

②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。

I'll never forget the day on which I first met him.

我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介词on)

Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used?

你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗?(a situation前面一般用in)

③有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。

Galileo made a telescope through which he could study the sky.

伽里略制作了一个望远镜,通过它他得以研究天空。

(study the sky through the telescope)

Is that the house in which you once lived?

那就是你曾经住过的房子吗?(live in the house)

④根据所要表达的意思来确定。

This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.

这是我的眼镜,离了它我什么也看不清。

三、关系副词和关系代词的选择

当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时,定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导,要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。

1.用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

这是我去年呆过的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。学生习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。

I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.

我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。(when作状语)

I will never forget the days which we spent together.

我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。(which作spent的宾语)

I know a place where we can have a picnic.

我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。(where作状语)

I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.

我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名地地方。(which作主语)

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

答案:例1 D,例2 A

例1变为肯定句:This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句:This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。

[典例解析]

1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ___ we visited three months ago ?

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. what

高二英语必修五第一单元教案设计

高二英语必修五第一单元集体备课整体教案(定稿) 主备人:容容 一,教材分析和教材重组 1. 教材分析 本单元主要话题是How to organize scientific research。旨在通过本单元的教学培养学生探究科学、崇尚科学的精神和正确的科学观;帮助学生了解科学的本质和科学家的特质,使学生懂得科学探究的基本步骤和要素;指导学生如何对科学家及其所从事的科研工作进行描述、发表看法,并针对自己的个性特征和兴趣专长,畅谈个人的职业志向和人生规划。 1.1 Warming Up 通过问答形式使学生回顾不同领域不同时代的10位科学家,了解他们对人类的贡献及其成果。 1.2 Pre-reading 通过对几个问题的讨论,使学生了解传染病和“霍乱”的基本常识,并了解科研过程中验证某些观点的基本程序和方法。 1.3 Reading 介绍英国著名医生John Snow是如何通过考察分析、探究的科学方法,发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病的。通过课文学习,使学生了解科学发现的全过程及其严密性;学习描述性文体的基本写作框架。 1.4 Comprehending 共设计了四个题型。 1.5 Learning about Language 共设计了两大部分,8个练习,对本单元的重点词汇和主要语法项目进行训练。第一部分的1-4题旨在训练学生对重点词汇、短语的运用;第二部分旨在练习过去分词作定语和表语的用法。 1.6 Using Language 由两部分组成:Listening and speaking 是一段关于中国著名科学家钱学森先生的生平介绍的听力材料;Reading and writing是

人教版高中英语必修一unit1经典教案

龙文教育学科老师个性化教案 教师学生姓名上课日期 学科英语年级教材版本人教版 学案主题必修一unit 1 课时数量 (全程或具体时间) 第(1)课时授课时段 教学目标 教学内容 必修一unit 1个性化学习问题解决必修一unit 1 教学重点、 难点难点:词汇重点:词汇 教学过程一.词汇 单词用法讲解 survey 调查.测验 add up 合计 upset adj 心烦意乱的;不安的,不适的 ignore不理睬.忽视 have got to 不得不;必须 concern(使)担比:涉及;关系到n 担心;关注.(利害)关系be concerned about 关心.挂念 walk the dog 遇狗 loose adj 松的.松开的 vet 兽医 go through 经历;经受 Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都) Netherlands 荷兰(西欧国家)

German 德国的.德国人的.德语的. Nazi 纳粹党人adj 纳粹党的 set down 记下;放下.登记 series 连续,系列 a series of 一连串的.一系列;一套outdoors在户外.在野外 spellbind 迷住;疑惑 purpose 故意 in order to 为了 dusk 黄昏傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n 雷,雷声 entire adj 整个的;完全的,全部的entirely ady. 完全地.全然地.整个地Power能力.力量.权力。 Face to face 面对面地 Curtain 窗帘;门帘.幕布 dusty adj 积满灰尘的 no longer /not …any longer 不再partner 伙伴.合作者.合伙人 settle 安家.定居.停留vt 使定居.安排.解决suffer vt &遭受;忍受经历

高中生物必修三学案2:2.4 免疫调节(Ⅱ)

第4节免疫调节(Ⅱ)

三、根据前面所学知识总结免疫系统的功能有哪些? 四、免疫学应用有哪些?(阅读教材P38-39以及39页资料分析,进行归纳)。 反馈练习 1.科学家斯坦曼发现了免疫系统的树突细胞(DC细胞),该细胞有强大的摄取、处理和传递抗原的功能。下图为DC细胞参与免疫的过程,下列说法错误的是() A.DC细胞中“突起”的存在增大了细胞膜的表面积 B.具有摄取、处理及传递抗原能力的细胞,除树突细胞外还有吞噬细胞 C.DC细胞处理后的抗原,能与T细胞表面的受体结合,激活信号分子(S1、S2),此过程体现了细胞间的信息交流 D.DC细胞能激发T细胞增殖并分化形成各种淋巴细胞 2.将小鼠B细胞注入家兔体内,产生免疫反应后,家兔的血清能使小鼠T细胞凝集成细胞集团,而未经免疫的家兔血清不能使小鼠T细胞凝集成团。T细胞凝集现象的出现是因为() A.小鼠B细胞诱导家兔产生细胞免疫 B.小鼠T细胞诱导家兔产生体液免疫 C.小鼠B细胞和小鼠T细胞有相同抗原 D.小鼠T细胞和家兔T细胞有相同抗原 3.下页表为我国初生幼儿计划免疫的部分列表,通过下表可以发现多数疫苗要多次接种,其原因不正确的是()

幼儿 年龄 应接种的疫苗接种方式预防疾病出生时卡介苗皮内注射结核病 出生时乙肝疫苗第一次肌肉注射乙型肝炎1个月时乙肝疫苗第二次肌肉注射乙型肝炎2个月时 脊髓灰质炎三价 混合疫苗第一次 口服脊髓灰质炎3个月时 脊髓灰质炎三价 混合疫苗第二次 口服脊髓灰质炎 3个月时 百白破混合 制剂第一次肌肉注射 百日咳、白 喉、破伤风 A.病原体会发生变异,使得接种的疫苗失去效果 B.多次接种疫苗能够提高人体中的抗体和记忆细胞的水平 C.疫苗在人体中诱发产生的抗体和记忆细胞存在时间是有限的 D.因为人的体质不同,一次接种不一定能够产生有效的抗体和记忆细胞 4.科学研究表明:HIV能通过细胞表面的CD4(一种受体蛋白)识别T细胞(如下图甲)。如果给AIDS患者大量注射用CD4修饰过的红细胞,红细胞也会被HIV识别、入侵(如下图乙)。因HIV在红细胞内无法增殖,红细胞成为HIV的“陷阱细胞”,这为治疗AIDS提供了新的思路。据材料分析,下列叙述不正确的是() A.T细胞可为HIV的增殖提供原料、酶和场所等条件 B.HIV通过攻击红细胞可使人的免疫功能全部丧失 C.红细胞可作为“陷阱细胞”与其结构和成分有关 D.入侵到红细胞的HIV在红细胞凋亡后可被免疫系统清除 5.病原体对不同免疫状态小鼠的感染进程如下图所示。下列相关叙述正确的是()

2019-2020年高中人教版英语必修一教学案:Unit 5 Section Ⅰ(含答案)

Nelson Mandela, the first black president of South Africa who was a symbol (象征) of social justice (公正), passed away on Dec. 5, 2013. His death is a great loss to the whole world, since this modern hero, who used to fight for the black people, helped the black people get the same rights as white people, and began a school to help those who had little learning even during the time when he was put into prison. He was the one who always gave priority to (优先考虑) his nation. Nelson was a great man, but he was more than a great man. He was, is, and always will be a hero. In my view, being a hero means more than making great achievements. In fact, heroes are extraordinary (非凡的), because their hearts are filled with love for people. It is this love that makes them heroes, rather than great men. So this is the difference between great men and heroes. What makes a hero is not only one’s achievements, but also his selfless (无私的) love. With great achievements and selfless love, the person can become a true hero, just like Nelson Mandela. 2019-2020年高中人教版英语必修一教学案:Unit 5 Section Ⅰ(含 答案)

《装在套子里的人》-高中语文必修五导学案

《装在套子里的人》导学案 【学习目标】 1、了解作者及写作的时代背景。 2、学习夸张、讽刺的手法。 3、学习通过细节描写表现人物性格的方法。 预习案 【知识链接】 1、作者简介、背景简介见《导学教程》第7页。 【自学检测】 1、完成《导学教程》“知识建构”。 2、梳理文章结构,把握文章思路。 第一部分(1—5段):介绍别里科夫的外表、生活习性和思想性格。 第二部分(6—37段):别里科夫与华连卡恋爱以及最后失败。 第三部分(38—40段):埋葬别里科夫,但生活中还有许多“别里科夫”。 探究案 1、别里科夫是一个学校的古代语言教师,他与别人不同的地方就是他什么都要有一个“套子”。别里科夫身上有哪些“有形的”和“无形的”套子?从中可以看出别里科夫什么思想性格特点? 明确:生活方面的“套子”(有形的):①衣着打扮:晴天穿雨鞋和棉大衣、带雨伞;脸藏在竖起的衣领里;戴黑眼镜,穿羊毛衫,用棉花堵耳朵眼。②生活习惯:把雨伞、表、削铅笔的小刀等统统装在套子里;一坐上马车,总要支起车篷;睡觉蒙头;卧室像箱子,床上挂帐子。 思想方面的“套子”(无形的):喜欢歌颂过去;用所教的古代语言躲避生活;只相信政府的告示和报纸文章;对不合规矩的事闷闷不乐;他经常说的一句话是“千万别闹出什么乱子来”。 他顽固地维护旧制度旧秩序,害怕和反对一切新生的进步的事物,因循守旧,保守反动。 2、世界文学长廊中,别里科夫是一个经典的套中人形象。作者是如何刻画别里科夫的?请找出给你印象深刻的地方,并加以分析。 明确:①人物形象漫画化(夸张、变形)。如文章描写别里科夫摔下楼梯的那一段“连同他的雨鞋一齐乒乒乓乓地滚下楼去……安然无恙……”,这一描写,极具想象与夸张,写出了别里科夫的 ②反差鲜明的对比。如别里科夫迂腐可笑与华连卡姐弟的青春可爱,别里科夫言论荒谬却一本正经的 口吻。 ③精妙的细节描写,包括人物的穿着打扮、言语等细节的描绘 3.“我们高高兴兴地从墓园回家”,可前文却说“我们从墓园回去的时候,露出忧郁和谦虚的脸相”,这是否矛盾?为什么? 明确:不矛盾。因为别里科夫之死大快人心,表明人们对他的厌恶、憎恨,表明人们对完全自由的无比向往。但像他这样的爱打小报告的沙皇政府的鹰犬还大有人在,所以,“一个礼拜还没过完,生活又恢复了旧样子”。人们惧怕的不是别里科夫本人,而是别里科夫深受其毒害而又为之效忠尽力的沙皇专制统治。虽然,别里科夫一笑即死的脆弱,预示着专制统治的一触即溃,但只要反动政府没有被推翻,它就会作垂死挣扎,甚至于变本加厉地镇压革命,残酷地杀害有进步思想的民众。小说的结尾,使人触目惊心,发人深思,启迪人们起来和反动势力做斗争。

生物必修三步步高导学案第1章第1节(含答案)

第1节细胞生活的环境 [学习目标] 1.描述内环境的组成。2.概述内环境的理化性质。3.结合细胞与外界环境进行物质交换的图解,说明内环境所起的媒介作用。 方式一观察下图,草履虫和血细胞的生活环境有何异同? 答案相同之处:都是液体环境。 不同之处:草履虫直接生活在外界环境中;血细胞生活在生物体内的血浆中。 导入多细胞生物与单细胞生物生活的直接环境不同,我们将血浆等多细胞生物生活的直接环境称为内环境。 方式二联系实际导入 2016年10月19日凌晨,神舟十一号飞船与天宫二号自动交会对接成功。航天员景海鹏和陈冬入驻天宫二号空间实验室,开始了为期30天的太空驻留生活。航天员的航天服的作用至关重要。它具有防止微流星体撞击,保暖隔热,保压供氧等多种功能,以保障航天员的生命安全。那么,你知道人体细胞需要怎样的环境才能维持正常的生理活动吗? 一、体内细胞生活在细胞外液中

1.体液 (1)概念:人体内含有大量以水为基础的液体,这些液体统称为体液。 (2)组成及比例 特别提醒人的呼吸道、肺泡腔、消化道、泪腺、尿道等有孔道与外界环境相通,属于外界环境,故其中的液体如消化液、泪液、尿液等不是体液,不属于细胞外液。 2.内环境 (1)概念:由细胞外液构成的液体环境,是体内细胞生活的直接环境。 (2)内环境组成:血浆、组织液、淋巴等。 (3)适用范畴:内环境是针对多细胞动物的一个概念,单细胞动物(或原生动物)以及植物没有所谓的内环境。 3.将下列细胞与其生活的内环境连接起来 ①组织细胞a.组织液、血浆 ②毛细血管壁细胞b.组织液、淋巴 ③毛细淋巴管壁细胞c.淋巴、血浆 ④血细胞d.组织液 ⑤淋巴细胞和吞噬细胞e.血浆 答案①—d②—a③—b④—e⑤—c 归纳总结内环境各组分的不同点

人教版高一英语必修一unit5阅读

Unit5 Nelson Mandela---a modern hero Warming up & Reading学案 【学习目标】 1.深入理解课文,掌握课文中基础知识,培养快速阅读,整体理解的能力。 2.通过自主学习,合作共赢,达到对文章进行深层理解的目的。 3.了解曼德拉的传奇人生,学习他的优良品质。 【话题美文导读】 曼德拉曾在牢中服役27年,在其40年的政治生涯中获得了超过一百项奖项,其中最显著的是1993年的诺贝尔和平奖。他是南非首位黑人总统,被尊称为“南非国父”,而且是一位当代英雄。让我们细读下文,了解他不平凡的一生吧。 Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918. His father was chief of a tribe(部落首领). Mandela was educated at University of Witwatersrand and qualified (符合资格) in law in 1942. He joined the African National Congress(议会, 国会)in 1944. In June 1961, the ANC considered his proposal(建议)on the use of violent actions and agreed that those members who wished to involve(卷入,参与) themselves in Mandela's campaign would not be stopped from doing so by the ANC. Mandela was arrested(逮捕) i n 1962 and sentenced to five years’ imprisonment(关押,监禁) with hard labour. In 1963, Mandela was brought to stand trial with them for plotting(策划) to overthrow the government by violence. On June 12, 1964, Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment. From 1964 to 1982, he was kept at Robben Island Prison, off Cape Town. During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela’s reputation(名声) grew steadily. He was widely accepted as the most significant(重要的, 有意义的) black leader in South Africa. Nelson Mandela was released on February 18, 1990. After his release, he devoted himself wholeheartedly(全心全意地) into his life’s work, trying to achieve the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier. In 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC Mandela was elected President of the ANC 1918出生于南非特兰斯凯豪萨部落的酋长家庭 1944参加主张非暴力斗争的非国大 1961创建非国大军事组织“民族之矛” 1962因“煽动”和“非法越境”罪名入狱 1990南非当局迫于舆论无条件释放曼德拉 1993曼德拉获诺贝尔和平奖 1994曼德拉当选为南非第一位黑人总统 1999成为首位访华的南非国家元首 2009联大宣告7月18日为“曼德拉国际日” 2010曼德拉因曾孙女车祸缺席世界杯开幕式1. Guessing game: Who is he/she? ( 7 great persons) 2. Discussion: In your opinion, what qualities make a great person? 3. What’s the connection between Elias and Mandela? A. Strangers B. Friends C. Father and son D. Teacher and student Step2 Fast reading 1. What kind of passage does it belong to? A. essay B. biography C. report D. review It is written by The events happened to Elias: 1940 :1946 : 1948 :1952 : 1963 : 2. How many parts can the text be divided into? Give the general idea of each part. Step3 Careful Reading 1. True or False (1). Elias met Nelson Mandela at school. ( ) (2). Elias was unable to read or write because he was lazy. ( ) (3). Nelson Mandela helped him keep his job. ( ) (4). Elias was happy blowing up government buildings. ( ) (5). Nelson Mandela thought violence was a good way to help black people. ( ) 2. Choose the best answer: (1). What disadvantages did Elias have in finding a job? A. He helped Nelson Mandela blow up the government building. B. He had poor education. C. He was very young. (3). Why did Elias help Mandela blow up some government building? A. Because he liked violence. B. Because it was not dangerous. C. Because he thought it was a way to make black people and white people equal. D. Because he wanted to be famous. (4). From Mandela’s saying, we can get a conclusion that A. Mandela wanted to break the law in a violent way in the beginning.

2016年人教版必修五Unit1greatscientistsusinglanguage教案.doc

Unit 1 great scientists 教案 using language Teaching procedures & ways: Step 1 Revision Check the homework. Step 2 Teaching the new words(from “N icolaus Copernicus ”t o “l ogical ”) Step 3 Reading 1. Fast reading Read the passage and do Ex 1 on Page 7. Before Copernicus ’t heory Showing Copernicus ’t heory A diagram showing the solar system A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre with the sun at its centre 2. Careful reading Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions. (1) Why was Copernicus frightened and cautious? (Para 4) (2) Why could he not tell about his theory? (Para 1) (3) What was his theory about? (Para 1) (4) What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2) (5) When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3) (6) How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? (Para 4)(7) When did he publish his idea? (Para 4) (8) Why do people think there is a link between his theory and the work? 3. Post reading If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Give a reason. Step 4 Language points 1. lead to导致 Too much work and little rest often lead to illness. Only working hard leads to your success. 2. only if 只有,只要(only 放句首时,主句要倒装。) Only if a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to enter the room. Only in this way can you learn English well. Only when one is away from home does one realize how nice home is. If only :(expressing a wish) 如果??就好了(多用虚拟语气) If only she would come! 要是她来了,就好了。 3. make sense / make sense of 懂;理解make no sense 毫无意义 This sentence doesn’t make sense. I can’t make sense of this sentence. Can you make sense of what the speakers says? What he says makes no sense. 4. would have done (1)表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说

人教版高中语文必修五《作为生物的社会》导学案

《作为生物的社会》导学案 一、教学目标: 1、了解作者刘易斯.托马斯的生平及《细胞生命礼赞》的内容,掌握人类 社会和生物社会的区别和联系,从中归纳出主旨。 2、体会本文幽默风趣的语言风格,品味优秀科普作家的文字魅力。 3、培养学生尊重生物,热爱生物的情感。 二、教学重、难点 重点:筛选主要信息,掌握作者的写作意图,把握作品主题。 难点:训练和培养学生筛选有效信息解读科技文章的能力。 三、教学方法 自读法、小组合作讨论法。(采用这种教学方法的目的,在于活跃课堂气氛,激发学生的学习自主性,贯彻新课改“自主--合作--探究”的教育理念) 四、课前准备 1、借助工具书和课文注释了解作者刘易斯.托马斯的生平及代表作,基本解决生字读音,熟悉全文的主要内容,思考作者的写作意图。 刘易斯·托马斯,1943年生于美国纽约,就读于普林斯顿大学和哈佛医学院,历任明尼苏达大学儿科研究所教授、纽约大学贝尔维尤医疗中心病理学系和内科学系主任、耶鲁医学院病理学系主任、纽约市癌症纪念中心斯隆一凯特林癌症研究所所长,并任美国科学院院士。 2、结合所学生物知识,搜集一些群体生活的动物的资料,说说它们的社会行为有哪些特征。 五、教学过程 (一) 1、导入: 2、检查预习: (1)生字词识记 海滨()蚜虫()蚁冢()阈值()毗邻()衔起()梗节()梭子()巢蚁()家畜()鳟鱼()窠臼()鲱鱼()纤维()粘菌细胞() (2)了解作者相关简介 (二)整体感知,探究思考 1、提问:文章中,作者提到了哪些生物?在作者眼里,生物的社会是怎样的? 2、再读课文,分组合作 假设你们是一群蚂蚁、一群蜜蜂、一群鲱鱼或粘菌细胞,为了维持生计,你们在大家庭中需要做哪些事情?自读课文,试用童话故事的形式复述你们的生活。(将学生分为四组:蚂蚁组、蜜蜂组、鲱鱼组和粘菌细胞组,各组分别思考自己应当进行的社会行为,学生小组合作探究后,从文中归纳出答案)(三)问题探讨,归纳主旨 1、提问:结合这些事例,联想我们人类,你能够从中得到什么启示? 2、提问:既然人类社会和生物社会有如此巨大的相似性,那么我们应当怎样对待生物社会呢? 3、第二段作者说到生物学界对“人与动物相似”的观点是什么?

人教版高中英语必修一学案:Unit1单词学案

Unit1 Friendship单词学案 重点词汇学习 ①Add up your score and see how many points you get. add up –to join numbers, amount, etc. so as to find the total Add up all the money I owe you. The waiter ca n’t add up. 这个服务员不会算账。 【拓展】 add to 增加The bad weather added to our difficulties. add…to…往…添加…Will you add more sugar to your coffee? add up to 总计达His whole school education added up to no more than one year. add v.加;增加;加起来,又说,补充说 If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. “I don’t believe it,” he added. ★addition n.增加;加法;增加物 in addition 另外I don’t like playing golf; in addition, I do not have enough money for it. in addition to除了In addition to writing, I also enjoy rock climbing. ②Your friend comes to school very upset. upset adj. --- worried I was very upset because one of my friends was rude to me.

高中生物必修三全套学案

高中生物人教版新课标必修3导学案汇编 第一课时第一章人体的内环境与稳态 第1节细胞生活的环境 【课标点击】 1、描述不同细胞生活的环境,描述内环境的组成和理化性质,认识到多细胞生物的细胞也 需要与环境进行物质和能量的交换,从而更好的理解这些细胞的生活环境,并加深对生命世 界的认识。 2、尝试构建人体细胞与外界环境的物质交换模型。 学习重点:内环境的组成和理化性质,内环境是细胞与外界环境进行物质交换的媒介。 【自主探究】 1、学海导航 知识点观察与思考归纳与结论 不论是男性还是女性,体内都含有 _______________________,这些液体统称为体液。 __________是血细胞直接生活的环境。动脉中的血观察课本P2中的两图,思考两 浆沿动脉流入毛细血管的动脉端,其中许多物质会种细胞生活的环境有何不 透过毛细血管壁进入__________。组织液是存在于 体内细胞生活在同?何为体液?体液与血液 组织细胞间隙的液体,又叫__________。细胞外液中是否是一个概念?仔细观察 __________是大多数细胞直接生活的环境。少部分课本P3中的图1-1,思考组 组织液被毛细淋巴管吸收,成为淋巴液,也叫 织液、血浆、淋巴液之间的关 __________。__________、__________、__________系。何为内环境?通过动态的有机联系,共同构成机体内细胞生活的 直接环境,叫做__________。 血浆中90%是__________,其余10%分别是认真分析课本P4的血浆的化__________、__________,以及血液运送的物质, 学组成表及图1-2,总结血浆 包括各种营养物质、各种代谢废物、气体、激素等。细胞外液的成分的主要成分,进而思考细胞外血浆与组织液和淋巴的最主要的差别是血浆中含 液的成分。思考血浆与组织 有较多的__________而组织液和淋巴中的液、淋巴的成分有何不同? __________含量很少。 1.为什么医院给病人输血时 所谓溶液渗透压,简单地说,是指必须使用生理盐水? _______________________。溶液渗透压的大小取 2.为什么红细胞放在清水或决于溶液中__________。血浆渗透压的大小主要与 者浓度较高的以及过酸过碱 __________、__________的含量有关,细胞外液渗 细胞外液的渗透或温度过高过低的情况都无 透压的稳定主要与__________、__________有关。 压和酸碱度法正常生存? 细胞外液渗透压的90%以上源于_________和 3.为什么细胞外液适宜于细_________。正常人的血浆pH为__________,其稳 胞的生存?何为渗透压?为 定主要与__________、__________有关。人体细胞

人教版高一英语必修一unit5知识点归纳和练习

Unit Five Nelson Mandela---a modern hero 词汇学案Words and Expressions Ⅰ.根据要求写出下列单词 1.写出下列单词的词义及反义词 1)mean ___________ ( 反) _________ 2)devote _________(形) _________ 3)unkind __________ ( 反) ________ 4) selfless_________(反) _________ 5)legal ________ ( 反) ________ 6)fair ________(反) _________ 2.构词法 A. 连线组成新的单词 B.构词法 1 hard a hearted 1 hope ____________ (形) 2 warm b going 2 equal _____________(副) 3 easy c working 3 self _____________(反) 4 suit d quake 4 friend _____________ (形) 5 over e coat 5 lazy ______________(名) 6 earth f case 6 free ______________(名) 7 head g line 7 reliable __________(动) 8 out h book 8 active __________(副) 9 man I kind 9 devote ______________ (形) 10 pass j line 3.写出短语 1. 失业_____________________ 2.事实上__________________ 3. 在危难,痛苦中__________________ 4.求助于,致力于______________ 5. 丧失勇气或信心__________________ 6. 当权;上台_________________ 7. 设立,建立______________________ 8. 被判处_____________________ 4. 重要单词短语讲解 1.quality n. 质量,品质, 性质 quantity量,数量,大量 【典型例句】 This new model is of high quality and is not expensive either. I prefer quality to quantity. Kindness is his best quality. 『过关练习1』 1) This shirt is made of cloth of a poor ____________ A. quality B. feature C. quantity D. characteristic 用quality 和quantity的正确形式填空。 2)Vicky has all the ___________ of a good manager 3) The photos are of poor _____________. 4) Tom drank a small _________of water. 2.willing be willing to do =be ready to do sth._____________________ 【典型例句】 Are you willing to help Are you willing to accept responsibility?你愿意承担责任吗? 【类比延伸】 1)willing 指对于别人的建议和要求迅速并高兴的同意。如: The first requisite of a good citizen is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight. 成为一个好公民的第一个要求事他能够并且乐意努力做好其分内的工作。 2)voluntary指没有强迫,自愿选择的活动。 She is a voluntary worker at the hospital.她是这家医院义务服务的。 『过关练习2』 1) I _____ that I have hurt her , but that’s not my real meaning A. willing to admit B. am willing to admit C. am willing to admitting D. willing to admitting 3. fight 1)vi. 打仗;战斗(常与with/ against连用);打架,争论 2)n. 战斗;打架;争论 【典型例句】 People often have to fight for their liberty. 人们往往不得不为自由而战 We must fight the government’s education policy. (比喻)我们必须同政府得教育方针进行斗争。 The two boys had a flight. 【拓展】 fight +n. 与……..作战/ 打架 fight for 为了……..而作战 fight against 与…….作战/斗争 fight with 与…作战/与…并肩作战 fight about/over 因…….而争吵/打斗 用上面的短语填空 1)They told the workers to their rights.

人教版高二语文必修五导学案:13《宇宙的未来》

导学案

教学过程设计(包括讲授内容、讲授方法、时间分配、媒体选用、板书设计等): 第一课时 一、呈现目标(5分钟) 1、了解史蒂芬?霍金; 2、了解有关宇宙学的一些知识; 3、扣住文中的重要语句,把握作者的主要观点 二、达成目标(30 分钟) 教学过程 (一)、导入新课(课件展示) 同学们,15日,“神八”与“天宫一号”第二次顺利对接,揭开了中华民族探索宇宙的新纪元!探索宇宙,对我们中国人来说已不是遥不可攀的事了。今天,我们跟随当代最著名的物理学家史蒂芬·霍金一起走进茫茫宇宙来一次思想上的遨游与探索吧! 《宇宙的未来》史蒂芬·霍金(板书课题) (二)、走近作者 请同学们朗读课文注释①,抓信息点。教师补充。 在当今世界自然科学领域,能够和爱因斯坦比肩的人物恐怕应当首推史蒂芬?霍金.................................... 了。 ..这不仅是因为他在科学上的辉煌成就,更是因为他在人生、事业上的坚强的意志与 品质。 他1942年出生于英国牛津,先后就读于牛津大学和剑桥大学,学习数学、物理和宇宙学1977年,他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理,共同获得1988年的沃尔夫物理奖;他还证明了黑洞的面积定理。他担任着剑桥大学最尊高的教授职务——卢卡逊数学教授。他因患肌萎缩性侧索硬化症,禁锢在一张轮椅长达30年之久,但他身残志不残,使之化为优势,克服了残废之患而成为国际物理界的超级巨人。他不能写,甚至口齿不清,虽然无助地坐在轮椅上,用仅能活动的三个手指敲击语言合成器与人交流,但他的思想却出色地遨游在广袤的时空,探索着宇宙之谜。他最著名的著作是《时间简史》。(课件展示) (三)、简介课文 请同学们翻阅课文。 文章有6页的文字,篇幅长。而且文章涉及到许多陌生的内容。尤其是其中一些宇宙学的术语,像“混沌”、“非常大的尺度”、“微波背景辐射”、“黑洞”、“奇性”、“奇点”等,让人费解、难解。但学习没有退路,我们只能知难而上。因此,我们今天学习这篇课文,也只能从语文的角度来读,抓关键句关键词,提炼信息,初步了解一些宇宙方面的知识,掌握作者的一些基本观点,,体会演讲的艺术,感受作者在科学上的

人教英语必修一第一单元Unit 1 Friendship定语从句学案(无答案)

Attributive Clause 课型:语法课课时:第一课时 【Curriculum demands】 1.Learn basic information about attributive clause 2.Master the usage of relative pronouns and relative adverbs 【Demands in the exam】 1.Study the differences between relative pronouns and relative adverbs 2.Try to analyze sentences and choose correct relative words 【Learning aims】 1.Foster the ability to analyze long sentences 2.Try to write sentences with attributive clauses 自学 内容 Review the basic information about attributive clause 要求 1.Refer to the notes or grammar books to find the basic concepts 2.Master the attributive clauses introduced by that/which/whom/who/whose 相关概念 主句、从句、关系词 例句:This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition. 主句:在含有定语从句的复合句中,除去定语从句后的部分,是句子的主句。(This is the boy.是主句。) 定语从句:相当于形容词,修饰主句中的一个名词或代词(有时修饰整个主句,相当于主句的一个定语。)(例句中,who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句,修饰the boy。) 先行词:先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(the boy是先行词。) 关系词:关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词。(who是关系代词。) 关系词的三个作用 作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用。代指被修饰的先行词。(例句中who作定语从句的主语,同时起着连接作用,在意思上,指代的是前面的先行词the boy。) 关系代词 指人时可以用who, 也可用that。 Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate? 指物时可以用which, 也可用that。 I like visiting places which/that are not far away. whose可以指人也可以指物。 He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life time. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。 I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night. 注:()表示关系代词省略 关系副词 关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间,where指地点,why指原因,how不能作关系词。如: We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. 基础过关 1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。 The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter. The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith. A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan. I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the sea. 问题中心以学为本先学后教合作展评

相关文档
最新文档