新世纪大学英语综合教程2 课后参考答案
THE KEY TO EXERCISES IN UNIT1 Book 2
Words IN Action P20
1. 1. tackle
2. alternative
3. initial
4. universal
5. crippled
6. genuine
7. construct
8. impressive
9. shallow 10. react 11. generate 12. entitled 13. contact 14. constant 15. rough 16. captured 17. move 18. put
2. 1. In any case 2. took hold
3. root out
4. count … against
5. find it in myself to
6. aware of
7. do her wrong
8. like it or not
Increasing Your Word Power P22
1. 1. cured
2. heal
3. treated
4. cure
5. treated
6. heal
7. treat
2. 1. Action speaks louder than words. 2. The production here needs temperatures lower than 25 degrees Celsius.
3. I like to keep things rather than throw them away.
4. There is nobody here other than me.
5. She’d rather leave her job than (be forced to) work for tha t boss.
3. irresponsible ;indirect ;unable; immoral ;disagreeable ;unfortunate ;illogical unnecessary ;impolite ;disharmonious ;unaffected ;informal
Grammar Review P24
1. 1. preparing
2. to thank
3. repairing / to be repaired
4. to get
5. studying
6. being treated
7. missing
8. to reduce
9. to leave 10. worrying
2.1. kept nodding, rather confused 2. Fallen leaves
3. surprised, hiding
4. Deeply moved
5. following
6. Being, interested
Cloze P25
1) harmonious 2) that 3) ironically 4) For 5) recover 6) go about 7) realize / remember 8) hardest 9) unfair 10) who 11) forgiveness 12) dealing with 13) emotional
Translation P26
1. In life, our stupidest course of action is to cling too much to what we have and refuse to let go.
2. I am willing to work in the IT industry, but have no idea how to go about it.
3. Many people are aware of the importance of living in harmony with nature.
4. Problems like the generation gap cannot be swept under the carpet.
5. I never did understand what was eating away at her.
6. He has been at peace with the world all his life.
7. He did not speak out / say what he thought. For one thing, she might not understand. For another, he was afraid that she might not forgive him.
8. As the years rolled by, he became increasingly interested in/ fascinated by Chinese culture. Theme-Related Writing P27
1) In my middle school years, I had a best friend. We talked about everything. And we loved singing songs together. Once, however, there was a bitter quarrel between us and we stopped talking to each other. It was obvious that both of us wanted to keep the friendship, but neither had the courage to break the ice. It went on like this for months. Then, one day we were asked to write about friendship. I wrote in my composition what friendship meant to me and the misunderstanding that had separated us. It was given the top mark, and I was asked to read it in class. When I ended my presentation with the words from our favourite song, my friend was singing along. All misunderstanding was cleared and once again we were best friends. To break down the walls between people is easy; all it takes is a little forgiveness! (150 words)
2) We are living in a world of distrust. We live behind cold security bars; we do not talk to strangers, let alone go out of our way to help them; we live in fear of fake products. In short, fear and feelings of insecurity fill the environment we live in. All this greatly harms our society. Growing up in such an environment, we tend to feel isolated and care about ourselves only. If things go on like this, “trust”, “teamwork”, and “harmony” will eventually become terms unheard of. In my opinion, trusting others and being trustworthy are the two basic principles that we should follow if we want to improve human relationships. We may not be in a position to change others, but we can change the way others see us by winning their trust in us. Mutual understanding and love are the pillars that support a harmonious society. (151 words)
Text B
Word Detective P15
1.(1) f (2) d (3) a (4) j (5) h (6) b (7) e (8) i
2.1. S 2. A
3. A
4. S
5. S
6. S
7. A
8. S
3.1. a 2. c 3. b
4. c
5. a
The key to exercises in Unit 3
Words in action P87
1.1. favourable
2. discouraged
3. consented
4. neglect
5. crept
6. sufficient
7. traced
8. somewhat
9. refresh 10. worthy 11. prospects 12. resolved 13. remarked 14. undergo 15. rewarded
2.1. pack up 2. many a
3. stays the course
4. put to the test
5. flooding in
6. came across
7. come up with
8. plunged … in/into
9. occurred to
Increasing your word powerP89
1.1.neglected
2. neglectful
3. colourful
4. coloured
5. rough
6. tough
7. worth
8. worthy
9. favourable 10. favourite 11. respectful 12. respectable 13. respective 14. considerate 15. considerable
Grammar reviewP91
1. 1) was encouraging / encouraged 2) has lived 3) had worked 4) would spend 5) should go / go 6) would be 7) was waiting 8) was smiling 9) was going 10) got 11) missed 12) go 13) has helped 14) have discovered
2. 1. will have stayed 2. had been lying
3. have been enjoying
4. has been
5. were climbing
6. will object
7. does
8. keep
ClozeP92
1) for 2) aware 3) affair 4) prospects 5) storage 6) matter 7) plunged 8) break 9) offered 10) dancing 11) cleared 12) welled up 13) stick 14) sacrifices 15) published
Translation P93
1. Rumor has it that his new book is based on a true story about a family in a small Tennessee town.
2. He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work on the side to bring in extra cash / money.
3. It's good to be confident, but there's a difference between confidence and conceit. / It's good to be confident about yourself, but there's a difference between self-confidence and conceit.
4. Only those who stick it out can achieve success. Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams.
5. A true hero possesses / has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices.
6. Anyone who picks up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down.
7. In a sense, life is like swimming; if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you (will) never learn.
8. The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training.
Theme-related writing P94
1) Li Hui, my friend in high school, was born into a worker's family. She began to dream of becoming a cartoon artist from her childhood. To her disappointment, her parents strongly opposed her career choice, because the cost of her education would be too high for the poor family, and they were worried about the job opportunities for a cartoon artist. However, Li Hui would not change her mind. She worked hard to perfect her skills and searched persistently for ways to realise her dream. Just before she finished high school, the chance came: a famous art school was holding a cartoon drawing competition. The first three winners would be given a scholarship to study cartoon drawing at the school. Li Hui told herself not to let the chance slip through her fingers. She readily participated and won the second place. She is now studying there and I feel certain that her dream will come true. (156 words)
2) In my opinion, before a person becomes successful, he or she should fully understand the basic elements of success: competence, determination and optimism. For a person to succeed, he or she has to face great competition and excel in his or her chosen career. The person needs to demonstrate and prove his or her competence in dealing with problems. Without competence, the person can neither stand out among the crowd nor attract the attention of those who hold the keys to the doors of opportunity and advancement. Yet ability alone cannot guarantee success. Often enough, things do not go the way we have planned and failure is unavoidable no matter how intelligent or capable we may be. In such cases one needs to remain firm and optimistic, always believing that hard work will eventually pay off. If the person gives up halfway, success will never knock at the door. (149 words)
Text B
Word Detective P83
1. (1) d (2) g (3) f (4) e (5) b (6) h (7) a (8) c
2.1. establish 2. creep
3. resolve
4. refresh
5. occurrence
6. surplus
7. favourable
8. remark
3.1. work out 2. unused to 3. out of
4. added to
5. walk the streets
6. came on / upon
7. in the meantime
8. get / have got the idea
The key to exercises in book2-Unit 4
Words in action P118
1. 1. positive
2. focused
3. perspective
4. tense
5. shape
6. address
7. crises
8. curse
9. incredible 10. conversely 11. issue 12. ignored 13. outcome 14. rare 15. transform 16. accomplish 17. quit 18. rejected
2. 1. (in) one way or another 2. have lived through
3. makes a difference
4. Give it a /another try
5. concerned with
6. slipped over
7. pulled over
8. in reverse
Increasing your word powerP120
1.1. concerned
2. Concerning
3. reject
4. declined
5. unconscious
6. subconscious
7. former
8. preceding
9. raise 10. rise
2. 1. does 2. make
3. take
4. do
5. make
6. Take
7. done
8. taken
9. making 10. took
3.d 1) socialism ;a 2) optimism; f 3) heroism; b 4)fascism;c 5) behaviourism; e 6) racism //visualize使形象化；使显现modernize使现代化popularize普及化；通俗化industrialize（使）工业化apologize道歉humanize赋与人性；使人性化systemize使系统化
Grammar reviewP122
1. 1. will be / is going to be / is to be, go, will hear / are going to hear
2. are going to swim / are swimming / are to swim
3. will be / is going to be/ is to be / to be, shall discuss / are going to discuss / are discussing / will discuss / are to discuss
4. will be / is going to be / is / is to be, will be / are going to be / are to be
5. will be opened / is going to be opened / is opened / is to be opened, will not be / is not going to be / is not, are to keep
2. 1. are, will be; am changing, will be 2. have used
3. will do
4. shall / will be having
5. will / are going to break
6. would take
7. will have turned
8. should / would have got
9. shall have been working 10. would be sitting / would sit
ClozeP123
1) perspective 2) despair 3) necessity 4) perform 5) Conversely 6) prophecy 7) where 8) as 9) achieve 10) recognize 11) dealt 12) with 13) attitude 14) channels 15) concerned
Translation P124
1.Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully appreciate this. / The only people who can fully appreciate this are those who have lived through a similar experience.
2. Scientists have been hard pressed to figure out how these particles form / are formed and interact (with one another).
3. I’d like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contributed over the years in one way or another.
4. The individual success of the employees in a team environment results in success for the company.
5. The war, although successful in military terms , left the economy almost in ruins.
6. He decided to channel his energies into something useful, instead of being glued to / sitting in front of the TV set all day long.
7. There’s a difference between strength and courage. It takes strength to survive. It takes courage to live.
8. She was by nature a very affectionate person, always ready to give a helping hand to others. Writing P125
1) Dear Weihua, I know you are still feeling upset about your results in the college entrance examination. I've just read an article about how pessimistic and optimistic thoughts can affect our behaviour and I'm now sending you a copy, hoping that it will help you step out of the shadows.? Naturally, failing the college entrance examination can be very depressing, yet if you continue to dwell on the past, you will never be able to pick yourself up and focus on what is more important for now and the future. Life is full of trials and anyone may suffer setbacks. We must take an optimistic attitude towards the things we have to deal with. Optimism and positive thinking are powerful forces. Good things do come true if we picture them often. Please do have confidence in your potential. Just work hard and prepare for another chance. You will make it. ? Yours,? Janet? (152 words)
2) Thinking positively means allowing your mind to be filled with optimistic feelings, and always hoping for the best though still aware of the difficulties that might be involved. The human mind is powerful; thoughts of optimism and pessimism can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Though it might seem impossible to some, positive thinking and success actually have a cause-and-result relationship. The reason is that a person with positive thinking will always broadcast goodwill and confidence and that kind of radiating attitude will take a hold on everybody. Gradually, people’s attitude will shift towards more trust and respect. This not only opens up more opportunities for the individual, but it also feeds back emotionally, and the cycle continues. Though the shaping of a positive or negative personality often happens subconsciously, it is possible to control such processes consciously.
A person can try visualizing favourable situations, whether it is remembering a contest won as a child or imagining getting that job offer so long sought after. Over time circumstances will change accordingly. （169 words）
Text B
Word Detective P113
1.(1) b (2) f (3) a (4) g (5) h (6) c (7) j (8) d
2.1) transform 2) evidence 3) outcome 4) ignore 5) display 6) nonsense 7) concerning 8) tense
3.1. admit into 2. consider yourself as 3. unworthy of
4. To my horror
5. in her mind’s eye
6. in one way or another
7. are / feel disposed to
8. give it a try
The key to exercises in book2- Unit 5
TEXT A
Words in action P168
1. 1. visible
2. variety
3. function
4. casual
5. conventions
6. guarantee
7. infinite
8. emerged
9. dilemma 10. charm 11. internal 12. ounce 13. staff 14. consult 15. challenging
2. 1. become of 2. run the (red) light
3. shake off
4. disapprove of
5. show up
6. inasmuch as
7. make out
8. inside out
Increasing your word powerP170
1. 1. faked my signature
2. would be / was addressing a meeting / would address a meeting
3. their right to free speech had been violated.
4. enforce them
5. constitutes a major threat
6. be restrained from doing too much heavy work / restrain himself from doing too much heavy work
7. Here are some examples that can demonstrate
8. generate a feeling / sense of accomplishment
2. 1. regardless of 2. While / Though / Although
3. as
4. In spite of / Despite
5. Though / Although / While
6. as
7. regardless of
8. in spite of / despite
9. disregard
3. 1. empower 2. enable 3. encamped
4. ensure
5. entitled
6. hardened
7. has softened
8. threatened
9. frightened 10. hastened
Grammar reviewP172
1. 1. where
2. why
3. who
4. which
5. when
6. whose
7. whom
8. that / which
9. whom
2. 1. The girls whom he employs are always complaining about their poor-paying jobs. 2. He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.
3. This is John, with whose help I have finally come out of my financial trouble.
4. We were shown pictures of an African village, which was threatened by growing poverty.
5. She was dancing with a man who had a strange hairstyle. The man with whom she was dancing had a strange hairstyle.
6. He paid me 10 dollars for washing 10 windows, most of which hadn’t been washed for at least a year. ClozeP173
1) constitute 2) based 3) traits 4) which 5) simply 6) wonder 7) despite 8) dilemma 9) talent 10) function 11) interaction 12) issues 13) figures 14) who 15) character
Translation P174
1. He consults for our company and we often consult him when we encounter problems in our work.
2. Don’t try to cheat —you’ll never get away with it .
3. My father is always optimistic, regardless of the difficulties that he may face. He is a positive role model for us.
4. This novel describes the ups and downs of a big family during China’s 1920’s and 1930’s.
5. It is not enough to act in good faith . We also need to act reasonably.
6. You may score good marks by burning the midnight oil before the exams, but in the long run you have to study hard every day to achieve academic excellence.
7. Don’t stare at the computer screen for too long. Raise your eyes once in a while and look into the distance. 8. It’s to your advantage to learn from the mistakes of others.
Writing P175
1) A widespread belief in modern society is that with talent, personal effort and luck alone a person can succeed, regardless of character. However, history has proven over and over again that the morally defective cannot be truly successful, even if they at times enjoy some temporary glory. A typical example is found in the story of four
brilliant Cambridge students. They were all talented and eventually worked their way up to very important positions in the British government, with one even ending up working in Buckingham Palace. During and after World War II, however, they betrayed their country by giving away national secrets to the Soviet Union, which damaged the interests of Britain in many ways. Eventually what they had done was uncovered. Three of them fled the country and ended up in exile; the fourth lost his knighthood in disgrace. “Intelligent” and “successful” as they once were, they are now remembered as traitors to their country. (157 words)
2) As modern society advances, we are growing more suspicious of each other. This is clearly reflected in our reaction to advertisements. Instead of seeing advertisements as a source of reliable information, we tend to doubt the truth they claim and always assume that the producers are trying to trick customers into buying their products. One of the most serious consequences of such absence of mutual trust is the constant doubt and anxiety within our own minds. If we see everyone else as a potential enemy, we can no longer make new friends; if we regard all information passed on to us as lies, how can we make use of such sources effectively? Mutual trust is the glue that holds human society together. As students, we should try to foster mutual trust and help build up a moral society by our own deeds. If we are honest to others and foster mutual trust, we shall soon see the difference. (158 words) TEXTB
Word detective P164
1.(1) b (2) a (3) d (4) e (5) c (6) i (7) f (8) g
2. 1. c 2. c
3. a
4. b
5. c
3. 1. pretty much 2. falling apart 3. in good faith
4. to your advantage
5. take it on trust
6. In the
long run 7. get taken 8. once in a while
The key to exercises in book2- Unit 7
TEXT A
Words in action P230
1. 1. viewpoint
2. conventional
3. typical
4. merely
5. valid
6. productive
7. assess
8. alter
9. employment 10.convey 11. competent 12. objective 13. professional 14. reserve 15. shift 16. dismiss 17. personally 18. strengths 19. intense 20. norms
2. 1. in reserve 2. To his credit
3. In view of
4. in person
5. take up
6. follow the herd
7. assess / judge … on its (own) merits
8. takes an … turn
Increasing your word powerP232
1. 1. to
2. on
3. to
4. about,of
5. to
6. on,with
7. to,with
8. on
9. to 10. to
2. 1. deep 2. total
3. heavy
4. high
5. deep
6. strong
7. high
8. heavy
9. close 10. total
3. trustworthy 可信赖的;sightseeing参观，观光;viewpoint观点;self-fulfilling自我实现的;good-looking漂亮的;light year光年; feedback反馈，反应;air force空军;fault-finding吹毛求疵的;guideline指导方针;sidewalk人行道;fast food快餐
Grammar reviewP234
1. 1. what
2. whether
3. whose
4. whoever
5. what
6. where
7. how
8. which
9. that 10. that
2. 1. The children said (that) they had seen some of those animated cartoons. 2. John said (that) he knew he wouldn't be able to do it.
3. Mary said (that) Joe couldn't have done such a thing, for he was such a conscientious young man.
4. Last Friday Mary asked John whether / if he was going to plant trees with them the next day.
5. He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.
6. The old lady downstairs told us to be quiet after midnight.
7. The monitor reminded us not to forget to take our notebooks with us.
8. John remarked what a lovely house it was. / John remarked that it was a lovely house.
ClozeP236
1) being 2) who 3) essential 4) employee 5) role 6) goals 7) specific 8) common 9) on 10) line 11) mean 12) agree 13) offer
Translation P236
1. We've worked together for a long time and have never let our differing opinions get in the way of our friendship.
2. This agreement will pave the way for a lasting peace between the two countries.
3. They usually don't mention their requirements until you are beginning to let your defenses down.
4. You should have the courage to face your own mistakes. Don't try to shift the blame onto others when things go wrong. / … Don't try to shift the blame onto other shoulders when things go wrong.
5. If you are more often than not affected by fear and worry, you will find this book very useful.
6. Now that I have accepted the position, I shall certainly do to the best of my ability all that is required of me.
7. If you don't have a plan of what you will do every day, chances are high that you won't do much.
8. Great minds think alike. Your ideas are completely in line with his.
Writing P237
A team player is someone who can work well with other people in a team. But it is not enough just to get along with others. A true team player must be more positive and constructive than just following the herd; he or she must also be able to play an active part in decision-making. Our society demands team players because by gathering all our various strengths together, we can accomplish more in a shorter time. It is because of teamwork that most businesses are able to function properly. To become team players we must learn to compromise. When our views conflict with the general view of the team we must restrain our egos and listen to what others say. We should learn how to deal with criticism in a mature way; be honest and be aware of others' feelings. (144 words)
TEXTB
Word detective P226
2.(1) j (2) d (3) g (4) f (5) b (6) i (7) e (8) a 2. 1. control 2. communicates
3. change
4. agreement
5. polite
3. 1) day to day 2) conventional wisdom 3) owned up to 4) at the very least 5) in private 6) pave the way for 7) gets his way 8) take in The hidden word: cooperate
The key to exercises in book2- Unit 8
TEXT A
Words in action P262
1. 1. matured
2. stuff
3. identify
4. convert
5. classic
6. shortcomings
7. breeds
8. stress
9. maintain 10. impulse 11. pose 12. claims 13. identity 14. media 15. tap 16. reasonable
2. 1. graduate with honours 2. fires herself up
3. take … by the throat
4. take action
5. make an excuse
6. in kind
7. in the face of
8. trying for
9. nurse … through
Increasing your word powerP264
1. A. 1) mature 2) ripe 3) mature / ripe 4) ripe 5) matured B. 1) select 2) was elected 3) were selected 4) choose
2. dreamer做梦的人，梦想家generator发电机；发生器achiever事业成功的人climber登山者operator操作员；接线员robber抢劫者，强盗supporter支持者，拥护者；赡养者defender 防卫者，拥护者//officer官员，军官guitarist吉他弹奏者physicist物理学者politician政治家，政客Brazilian巴西人socialist社会主义者historian历史学家biologist生物学家geologist地质学者mathematician数学家
Grammar reviewP267
1. 1) is 2) has 3) is 4) were 5) were / are 6) are 7) is 8) are 9) is 10) is
2. 1) its 2) its 3) his 4) our 5) his / her 6) themselves 7) he or she / one 8) them 9) its 10) themselves
ClozeP268
1) discovered 2) intense 3) contributors 4) disadvantaged 5) achievement 6) fascinating 7) troubled 8) even 9) physical 10) who 11) with 12) lead 13) advantage 14) obstacle 15) refer Translation P269
1. It is true that no one is perfect, but we can always do better.
2. Mozart is often referred to as one of the greatest musicians of all time.
3. Adversity comes to every one, but the quality of your life may depend in a large measure on how you tap into resources available to handle that adversity.
4. When writing, you can draw on your personal experience for examples to help explain your ideas.
5. Christmas is a little warmth in the depth of winter and a bright light in the dark.
6. Sometimes we do get less when we go for more.
7. It will only make your life worse if you refuse to forgive those who have done you wrong and be determined to repay them in kind .
8. Many farmers claim that the vicious weather this summer has driven them to despair.
Writing P270
1)Throughout our lifetime we may encounter many adversities: unable to pay for the education, obstacles in
studies and even physical disabilities. Whether we are rich or poor, intelligent or slow, adversity seems the constant companion of many of us. In the face of adversity there are typically two reactions: one is to feel frightened and run away; the other, to face it with courage. But what happens next makes a big difference between the brave and the cowardly. Some people turn away from adversity without even an attempt to make things better; while others, though frightened emotionally or disadvantaged physically, manage to shake off the initial fear and take hold of their bootstraps to pull themselves out of the bad situations they are in. We should choose the attitude of the latter because running away is not going to solve the problem. In addition, this attitude may lead one to acquire the habit of always thinking negatively and thus limit one's growth and development. (165 words)
2) Resilience is a positive quality some people display when they meet unforeseen difficulties. Resilient people are able to judge reasonably the situation they are in, to make adjustments when necessary, and to remain confident even when the bad situation lasts long. Resilience is like the human muscle, it grows with use and practice; but if ignored, it will weaken. Resilience is both inborn and learnt. Some people who are naturally more open to others or slower to react to hardship have an advantage when trying to develop resilience. However, anyone with enough determination and applying the right method can do it, too. For example, learning something new and difficult is a good way to challenge ourselves. When we are forced to sit down and memorize hundreds and thousands of new words, our resilience is practiced and promoted. Resilience is a characteristic we all need and can develop. (147 words)
TEXTB
Word detective P259
3.(1) d (2) f (3) g (4) c (5) a (6) b (7) e (8) j 2. 1. pressure 2. part 3. changed
4. keep
5. position 3. 1. thrown off balance 2. draw on 3. go for 4. in kind 5. by definition