CITF PRACTICE TEST
Certificate in International Trade and Finance (CITF) Specimen paper 2 Hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1 This question paper consists of 100 stand alone multiple choice questions.
2 Only silent, non-programmable calculators may be used in this examination.
OTHER INFORMATION
1. Answer ALL questions.
A qualification assessed and awarded by the ifs School of Finance, a registered charity incorporated by Royal Charter.
1. For a valid contract to come into effect there must be:
A a formal document.
B a witness.
C an affidavit.
D consideration.
2. The latest Terrorism Act was passed in which year?
A 2000.
B 2003.
C 2005.
D 2007.
3. Which of the following most accurately describes the purpose of Incoterms? They:
A explain the terms used in documentary credits.
B state the responsibilities of exporters and importers engaged in international trade.
C state the roles and responsibilities of banks engaged in international trade.
D state the rules for collecting overseas trade debts.
4. An international consignment note can be used for transport by:
A air only.
B rail and air.
C rail and road.
D road and air.
5. When agreeing to payment in advance terms, who will carry the greatest level of risk in the
transaction? The:
A agent.
B exporter.
C importer.
D insurer.
6. In international trade, importers will commonly make payments against:
A certificates.
B consents.
C documents.
D policies.
7. The most secure method of payment for an exporter is:
A documentary collection.
B documentary credit.
C open account.
D payment in advance.
8. A standby letter of credit may be subject to:
A eUCP.
B Incoterms 2000.
C UCP 600 or ISP 98.
D URC 522 only.
9. Which of the following governs the issuance of demand bonds and guarantees?
A Incoterms 2000.
B UCP 600.
C URC 522.
D URDG 458.
10. For a limited company to have capacity to contract, the nature of the business must be:
A clearly stated on the company's certificate of registration.
B something its staff are fully qualified to provide.
C within a certain geographical area.
D within the objectives set out in the company's memorandum and articles of association.
11. What does MLR stand for?
A Money Laundering Regulations.
B Money Lenders' Rights.
C Money Locating Rationale.
D Money Loss Reimbursement.
12. Which of the following activities, if seen on a business account, might put bank staff upon
enquiry?
A A lot of credits paid into the account.
B Many small cheques being written.
C Requests for regular statements.
D Requests that do not seem to make commercial sense.
13. Which of the following bodies is responsible for Incoterms?
A The International Chambers of Commerce.
B The International Monetary Fund.
C The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Transactions.
D The World Trade Organisation.
14. Which combination of documents must an exporter provide under 'CFR' terms?
A Customs documentation and insurance certificate.
B Invoice and bill of exchange.
C Invoice and transport documents.
D Invoice, seller’s contingency insurance certificate and transport documents.
15. Which of the following documents assures the importer that goods are of a certain standard?
A An ECGD policy.
B An inspection certificate.
C An insurance certificate.
D An insurance policy.
16. Which type of invoice is requested when a country wishes to prevent the dumping of goods at
artificially low prices?
A Commercial invoice.
B Consular invoice.
C Legalised invoice.
D Pro-forma invoice.
17. In an open account transaction, who carries the highest risk? The:
A exporter.
B importer.
C insurance company.
D shipping company.
18. Which of the following sets out the rules for collections?
A ICC 2000.
B UCP 600.
C URC 522.
D URDG.
19. With open account trade, an exporter will submit:
A his invoice directly to the importer.
B his invoice together with the other shipping documents under a documentary credit.
C his invoice with other shipping documents to his bank and ask his bank to collect the
payment on his behalf.
D the invoice to the exporter's bank under a remittance schedule and ask the importers
bank to collect payment on his behalf.
20. Which of the following would not normally be found on a commercial invoice?
A Charges for insurance and freight and packing details.
B Description and price of goods, date of the invoice, the terms of sale and exporter's
signature.
C Name and address of seller, buyer, description and price of goods and date of the invoice.
D The terms of the contract of carriage.
21. Apple Limited contracts with Banana Limited to build a bridge for Banana Limited. Banana
Limited requires a guarantee from Orange Bank. Under URDG 458, who is the principal?
A A third party.
B Apple Limited.
C Banana Limited.
D Orange Bank.
22. Which of the following terms would you not expect to see in a contract?
A Prices.
B The governing law.
C The names of the parties to a contract.
D The qualifications of the contracting parties.
23. Which of the following is incorrect? Under the PCA it is a criminal offence to be involved in:
A concealing, disguising, converting, transferring or removing criminal property from the UK.
B the acquisition and/or possession of criminal property.
C tipping off a person that a disclosure has been made.
D using a forged passport to open a bank account.
24. A sales contract specifies 'Ex Works'. This means that the exporter must make the goods
available:
A at any port.
B at the importer’s premises.
C for collection at their premises.
D to a carrier.
25. How does a pro-forma invoice differ from a commercial invoice?
A It does not contain Incoterms.
B It does not have the exporter’s signature.
C It does not state the cost of the goods.
D It is not a demand for payment.
26. Which of the following is not a commercial document?
A Bill of exchange.
B Certificate of origin.
C Commercial invoice.
D Consular invoice.
27. Under a 90-day bill of exchange, the drawee will have an obligation to:
A accept the bill and arrange to have sufficient funds available to make payment 90 days
later.
B discount the bill.
C discount the bill and arrange to have sufficient funds available to make payment 90 days
later.
D negotiate the bill.
28. Which of the following is not one of the three recognised phases of money laundering?
A Evasion.
B Integration.
C Layering.
D Placement.
29. What does Incoterms stand for?
A International commercial terms.
B International company terms.
C International contract terms.
D International counter party terms.
30. Which of the following has established universally accepted rules for the treatment of
collections?
A The Bank of England.
B The Financial Services Authority.
C The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
D The International Chamber of Commerce.
31. A promissory note is drawn up by the:
A bank.
B drawee.
C freight forwarder.
D payee.
32. Sanjay Importing Limited agree to buy a shipment of materials from Hong Kong Trading
Corporation. It agrees payment in advance terms. When should Sanjay Importing Limited make the payment?
A As soon as the shipping company agrees.
B Before shipment is made.
C When the goods arrive.
D When they receive evidence of shipment.
33. Which of the following would not be used in conjunction with open account trade?
A A factoring facility.
B A letter of credit.
C A standby guarantee.
D An invoice discounting facility.
34. In international trade transactions, a guarantor issues the guarantee on behalf of:
A a third party.
B the beneficiary.
C the beneficiary's bank.
D the principal.
35. On receipt of an offer, the recipient may then:
A accept the offer.
B alter the amount of goods quoted unilaterally.
C alter the price unilaterally.
D pass the offer on to another party.
36. A bank collects a cheque or bill of exchange on behalf of someone who is not the true owner of
it. The bank is guilty of:
A conversion.
B deception.
C fraud.
D theft.
37. The contract terms are 'FCA Southampton Container Depot'. Which of the following transport
documents would be acceptable to the importer?
A Air waybill, marked freight paid.
B Air waybill, unmarked.
C Container bill of lading marked 'freight paid'.
D Container bill of lading marked 'freight payable at destination'.
38. Which of the following terms on a bill of exchange giving 90 days' credit will be acceptable? Pay
this bill of exchange:
A 90 days after the arrival of the ship.
B 90 days after the goods are despatched from the vendor.
C 90 days from the date on the bill of exchange.
D at sight.
39. Which of the following is not a financial document commonly presented under a documentary
collection?
A Bill of exchange.
B Cheque.
C Credit note.
D Promissory note.
40. Which of the following would provide finance for the exporter with recourse?
A Discount against an avalised bill of exchange.
B Invoice finance with insurance.
C Negotiation of a bill of exchange.
D Pre-shipment finance against a confirmed letter of credit where all documents comply.
41. A sight bill of exchange allows the exporter to receive reimbursement:
A following acceptance by the importer.
B when documents are presented by the exporter.
C when the importer is presented with the bill of exchange.
D when the importer’s bank receives the bill of exchange.
42. What course of action would the issuer take in the event of a claim being made against the
guarantee?
A They must first check the underlying contract to ensure there has been an actual
omission.
B They must honour the payment.
C They should appoint an agent to check validity of the claim.
D They should first seek approval from the principal to make payment.
43. Which of the following statements is correct?
A Delay in presenting a bill of exchange for payment removes liability from the acceptor.
B Once acceptance has been given the importer has no liability for payment.
C Signature by the acceptor does not indicate legal capacity to do so.
D The drawee has no liability on a bill until it is accepted.
44. Failure to comply with all terms of a contract constitutes a breach of contract unless:
A a 'force majeure' clause can be applied.
B one of the parties becomes bankrupt.
C one of the parties goes into liquidation.
D the purchaser runs out of funds.
45. If you are suspicious about a transaction which a client has asked you to carry out, what must
you do?
A Call the police immediately.
B Carry out a citizen's arrest upon the client.
C Refuse to carry out the transaction.
D Report the matter to your bank's compliance or money laundering department.
46. Which of the following documents is fully negotiable?
A Combined transport bill of lading.
B Freight forwarder’s bill of lading.
C Promissory note.
D Sea freight bill of lading.
47. In an open account transaction, when should payment be made?
A Always within 30 days of the invoice date.
B In accordance with the contract.
C On receipt of the goods.
D When the goods are shipped.
48. In which of the following areas would importers or exporters need to produce a SAD document?
A Australia.
B Canada.
C Germany.
D Mexico.
49. Which of the following describes the collection of a bill of exchange without any other
commercial or transport documents?
A Clean collection.
B Documentary collection.
C Exchange collection.
D Promissory collection.
50. Advance of funds against a draft and/or documents is referred to as:
A acceptance.
B payment.
C honour.
D negotiation.
51. For a bank to advance money to an importer against the security of goods, which of the
following conditions are essential? The importer has:
A a full set of original bills of lading.
B a full set of original bills of lading and the non-negotiable copies.
C a full set of original bills of lading consigned to a local freight forwarder.
D a full set of original bills of lading marked 'consigned to order'.
52. Which of the following may be required once a performance bond has expired?
A A duty deferment guarantee.
B A tender bond.
C A warranty bond.
D An advanced payment guarantee.
53. A breach of contract by one party enables the other party to:
A have the breacher arrested.
B have the breacher fined for criminal negligence.
C seize the breacher's assets.
D void the contract.
54. Which section of the Bills of Exchange Act covers forged signatures?
A Section 2.
B Section 4.
C Section 24.
D Section 32.
55. Under 'FAS Port of London' terms, which of the following most accurately describes the
responsibilities of the exporter? Package goods in a suitable manner:
A and complete export and customs formalities.
B complete export and customs formalities and supply a commercial invoice.
C complete export and customs formalities, provide insurance to cover the voyage and
supply a commercial invoice.
D complete export and customs formalities, supply a commercial invoice and arrange
seller’s interest insurance.
56. A 'letter of credit' is also known as a:
A bank credit.
B documentary credit.
C payment credit.
D uniform credit.
57. Suspicion of money laundering in a bank should normally be reported to the bank's:
A Chief Executive Officer.
B Chief Financial Officer.
C Compliance Officer.
D Head of Security.
58. Which of the following describes the difference between a 'collection' and a 'letter of credit'?
With a letter of credit:
A a bank adds its own name to the transaction.
B an insurance company issues a credit note.
C the buyer must always pay within 180 days.
D the supplier always receives payment in advance.
59. Which document might form part of a claim under a bank guarantee?
A A bill of lading.
B A notary's confirmation of the dishonour of a bill.
C A packing list.
D Certificate of origin.
60. To forestall money laundering, banks must take appropriate measures to ensure that all staff
are:
A given the number of the local police station.
B made aware of the law relating to money laundering and terrorist financing.
C professionally qualified in financial accounting techniques.
D trained in how to make a citizen's arrest.
61. Which of the following issues a letter of credit?
A A bank.
B A shipping company.
C A warehousing agent.
D An insurance company.
62. 'Layering' is:
A a method of counting bank notes.
B having lots of bank accounts.
C passing money through several transactions so as to hide its origins.
D passing several transactions through one account in the same day.
63. When negotiating a contract, which words should be added to correspondence to show that it is
part of the negotiation process rather than a formal offer?
A Caveat emptor.
B Pro forma.
C Sub judice.
D Subject to contract.
64. The term FOB stands for:
A first over board.
B free of bills of exchange.
C free of bills of lading.
D free on board.
65. In a letter of credit, the importer is also known as the:
A agent.
B applicant.
C intermediary.
D seller.
66. Which of the following statements is true in connection with the presentation of documents
associated with a letter of credit? They:
A are always treated separately to the credit.
B are not necessary because the bank assumes the risk.
C must be as specified in the credit.
D will always be negotiable instruments.
67. Documentary collections always involve:
A a guarantee from the importer's bank.
B a minimum of six months credit from the exporter.
C advanced payment by the importer.
D commercial and/or transport papers.
68. A facility granted to importers which guarantees an accepted bill of exchange is also known as:
A acceptance facility.
B counter indemnity facility.
C counter trade facility.
D forfaiting facility.
69. Assignment of a guarantee:
A allows the proceeds to be paid to a nominated party.
B enables the guarantee to be amended.
C enables the guarantee to be cancelled.
D enables the principal to dispute a claim.
70. The first step in handling a commercial dispute should be to:
A attempt to reach a compromise.
B cancel the contract.
C go to arbitration.
D hire a good lawyer.
71. If you run a London-based exporting company, what would you wish to nominate as the law
governing the contract?
A British law.
B English law.
C The law of diminishing returns.
D The law of the buyer's country.
72. Under the Incoterm 'CFR Durban', which of the following obligations are the responsibility of the
exporter? Package goods in a suitable manner:
A supply a commercial invoice to the buyer and pay for the transport of goods to Durban.
B and pay for export licence, duties, taxes, supply a commercial invoice to the buyer.
C and pay for export licence, duties, taxes, supply a commercial invoice to the buyer, pay
for the transport of goods to Durban, pay for the unloading costs and supply the transport
document.
D and pay for export licence, duties, taxes, supply a commercial invoice to the buyer and
documentary evidence of seller’s contingency insurance.
73. Letters of credit must comply with which of the following?
A ICC 2000.
B UCP 600.
C URC 522.
D URDG Article 3.
74. Why might an exporting company insist on payment in advance terms? When it has:
A a large cash surplus in its bank account.
B a revolving credit arrangement with its bank.
C an ongoing relationship with the importer.
D not previously dealt with the importer.
75. Very large companies can sometimes raise finance by the issue of commercial paper direct to
investors. These are also known as:
A bills of exchange.
B letters of credit.
C promissory notes.
D trust receipts.
76. A standby letter of credit is used:
A as a means of payment.
B as a warranty for goods or service.
C to give title to goods.
D to protect against non payment.
77. Who should documents be presented to in order to terminate a guarantee?
A The beneficiary.
B The exporter.
C The guarantor.
D The importer.
78. The 'Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration' is published by which organisation?
A NATO.
B UNCITRAL.
C UNICEF.
D WHO.
79. A clean bill of lading marked 'shipped on board' and 'freight paid to Hong Kong' would be
acceptable under which of the following shipping terms?
A CFR(Hong Kong).
B CIF(Hong Kong).
C EXW(Hong Kong).
D FOB(Hong Kong).
80. A key aspect of letters of credit is that:
A banks deal in documents and not the underlying goods themselves.
B once issued, they are easy to be cancelled at any time.
C the bank involved will always take ownership of the goods and sell them.
D the underlying goods must be shipped by sea.
81. In a documentary collection, the principal is normally the:
A exporter.
B exporter's bank.
C importer.
D importer's bank.
82. An invoice finance facility will typically provide what percentage advancement for an invoice?
A 40-50%.
B 60-70%.
C 80-90%.
D 100%.
83. A standby letter of credit is issued by a bank on behalf of the:
A applicant.
B beneficiary.
C drawer.
D exporter.
84. In a letter of credit, which of the following describes the bank in the exporter's country through
which the credit is transmitted? The:
A advising bank.
B issuing bank.
C nominated bank.
D remitting bank.
85. Once final agreement is reached on a contract, and it is signed by all parties, any amendments
will require:
A a new contract to be created.
B application to a court.
C reference to arbitration.
D the written consent of all parties to the original contract.
86. In documentary collections, the specified collecting and presenting banks are normally:
A in different countries.
B the exporter's bank and the importer's bank respectively.
C the importer's bank and the exporter's bank respectively.
D the same bank.
87. If differences arise between parties to a contract and they cannot agree amongst themselves,
the next step should be to:
A continue with the transaction without resolving the differences.
B go to the courts for redress.
C ignore the situation and hope for the best.
D take the dispute to arbitration.
88. Which of the following does not provide arbitration services for commercial disputes?
A ACAS.
B American Arbitration International Centre for Dispute Resolution.
C ICCCA.
D London Court of International Arbitration.
89. Typically, in a letter of credit, who is the beneficiary? The:
A applicant.
B exporter.
C importer.
D issuer.
90. A collection, compared to a letter of credit, is usually:
A less expensive.
B more expensive.
C safer for the exporter.
D safer for the shipper.
91. If an importing company cannot immediately clear goods from the port, it will incur which of the
following charges from the Port Authority?
A Demurrage charges.
B Insurance premiums.
C Parking fines.
D Search fees.
92. Under ISP 98, a beneficiary:
A is not authorised to request an amendment.
B who requests an amendment is deemed to have agreed to it.
C who requests an amendment must accept it in writing again once it has been amended.
D who requests an amendment relinquishes all right under the standby credit to make any
subsequent claim.
93. The Incoterms 'CIF' stand for:
A Carriage and Insurance to Frontier.
B Carriage Insurance and Freight.
C Cost and Insurance to Frontier.
D Cost Insurance and Freight.
94. As security for an invoice discounting facility for a limited company, a bank would normally look
to take which of the following as security?
A A cash deposit.
B A chattels mortgage.
C A debenture.
D A loan postponement.
95. Why might a 'confirming bank' be used in a letter of credit? To confirm that:
A adequate insurance exists while the goods are in transit.
B the exporter will pay on the due date.
C the goods are of acceptable quality.
D it will meet the obligations of the issuing bank.
96. A bond may be called upon due to:
A a shortage of cash for the beneficiary.
B an economic recession.
C non-payment by the principal.
D the non-performance of the beneficiary.
97. A collection, compared to a letter of credit, does not provide:
A a bank guarantee of payment.
B a bank involved in the transaction.
C eventual payment processed via the banking system.
D universally accepted rules.
98. Which of the following would make factoring unacceptable?
A 25% of the ledger is to overseas debtors.
B If the company is an exporter.
C The customer only wishes to factor the invoices with bad credit risk.
D The exporter requires a without recourse facility.
99. A standby letter of credit requires a:
A certificate issued by the beneficiary stating that the applicant had not made payment on
the due date.
B certificate issued by the beneficiary stating that the goods have been received in good
order.
C certificate of origin.
D full set of clean on board bills of lading.
100. Typically, an insurance company would offer to provide protection against unfair calling of a bond against:
A a failure by the beneficiary to make a claim within the validity of the guarantee.
B a failure by the principal to honour payment at maturity for the underlying contract.
C a failure by the principal to perform under the contract.
D the exporter's failure to perform because of political events.
Multiple-choice
Q. no Answer Syllabus Ref
1 D Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
2 A International trade products
3 B Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
4 C The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
5 C The principles of advanced payment and open account trading
6 C Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
7 D Short-term trade finance
8 C The non-payment risk covered by bank products
9 D Bank guarantees
10 D Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
11 A International trade products
12 D International trade products
13 A Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
14 C The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
15 B The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
16 B The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
17 A The principles of advanced payment and open account trading
18 C Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
19 A Short-term trade finance
20 D The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
21 B Bank guarantees
22 D Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
23 D International trade products
24 C Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
25 D The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
26 A The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
27 A The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
28 A International trade products
29 A Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
30 D Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
31 B The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
32 B The principles of advanced payment and open account trading
33 B Short-term trade finance
34 D Bank guarantees
35 A Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
36 A International trade products
37 D Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
38 C The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
39 C Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
40 C Short-term trade finance
41 C The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
42 B Bank guarantees
43 D The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
44 A Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
45 D International trade products
46 C The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
47 B The principles of advanced payment and open account trading
48 C The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
49 A Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
50 D Short-term trade finance
51 A The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
52 C Bank guarantees
53 D Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
54 C International trade products
55 D Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
56 B The nature of documentary credits
57 C International trade products
58 A The nature of documentary credits
59 B Bank guarantees
60 B International trade products
61 A The nature of documentary credits
62 C International trade products
63 D Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
64 D Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
65 B The nature of documentary credits
66 C The nature of documentary credits
67 D Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
68 D Short-term trade finance
69 A Bank guarantees
70 A International trade products
71 B Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
72 C Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
73 B The nature of documentary credits
74 D The principles of advanced payment and open account trading
75 C Short-term trade finance
76 D The non-payment risk covered by bank products
77 C Bank guarantees
78 B International trade products
79 A Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
80 A The nature of documentary credits
81 A Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
82 C Short-term trade finance
83 A The non-payment risk covered by bank products
84 A The nature of documentary credits
85 D Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
86 D Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
87 D Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
88 A International trade products
89 B The nature of documentary credits
90 A Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
91 A International trade products
92 B The non-payment risk covered by bank products
93 D Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
94 C Short-term trade finance
95 D The nature of documentary credits
96 C Bank guarantees
97 A Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
98 C Short-term trade finance
99 A The non-payment risk covered by bank products
100 D Bank guarantees
2018年教师招聘考试真题及答案
2018年教师招聘考试真题及答案 一、单项选择题(本大题共15个小题，每小题2分，共30分) 1、在下列认知风格中，容易给学习带来不利影响的认知风格是()。 A、场独立型 B、场依存型 C、冲动型 D、沉思型 〔解析〕C、冲动型认知方式倾向于很快地检验假设，且常常出错。 2、下列哪项属于真正的创造()。 A、鲁班发明锯子 B、高斯少年时做数字1~100的连加 C、找到远古时期的化石 D、陶渊明发现桃花源 〔解析〕A、真正的创造是指产生了具有人类历史首创性成品的活动。 3、我国近代教育史上，被毛泽东称颂为”学界泰斗，人世楷模”的教育家是()。 A、陶行知 B、杨贤江 C、徐特立 D、蔡元培 〔解析〕D略。 4、在古希腊，最早提出发现法的大教育家是()。 A、德谟克利特 B、亚里士多德 C、柏拉图
D、苏格拉底 〔解析〕D苏格拉底在教学法中强调使学生自己进行思考得出结论，从这个意义上说，苏格拉底最早提出了发现法。[page] 5、学生操行评定的主要负责人是()。 A、科任教师 B、班主任 C、级任导师 D、班委会 〔解析〕B班主任是学生操行评定的主要负责人。 6、对个别学生的教育()。 A、就是要靠班主任 B、就是要靠集体活动来教育 C、是同集体教育相辅相成的 D、主要是对较差学生的教育工作 〔解析〕C、对个别学生的教育也包括了对先进生和后进生的教育，需要和集体教育结合起来。 7、根据学习的定义，下列属于学习的现象是()。 A、吃了酸的食物流唾液 B、望梅止渴 C、蜘蛛织网 D、儿童模仿电影中人物的行为
〔解析〕D学习指人和动物在生活过程中，凭借经验而产生的行为或行为潜能的相对持久的变化。[page] 8、小学生因上课专心听讲受到老师表扬而逐步养成上课专心听讲的习惯属于()。 A、经典条件反射 B、操作条件反射 C、联结反应 D、习惯成自然 〔解析〕B操作性行为主要受强化规律的制约。儿童做对了某件事后得到成人的物质奖励或表扬属于正强化。 9、激发、维持和指引个体学习活动的心理动因或内部动力称为()。 A、学习需要 B、学习期待 C、学习动机 D、学习态度 〔解析〕C、本题考查学习动机的定义。 10、最重要和最良性的学习动力是()。 A、学习兴趣和教师的期待 B、学习兴趣和远大的理想 C、教师的期待和远大的理想 D、教师的期待和家长的期待 〔解析〕B为教师的期待而学习的动机是低级的动机。[page]
大学英语四级写作现象解释型作文模板
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.360docs.net/doc/a114869185.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） 现象解释型作文模板： Recently, ＿＿＿＿What amazes us most is＿＿＿＿＿．It is true that ＿＿＿＿＿.There are many reasons explaining ＿＿＿＿＿＿．The main reason is＿＿＿＿＿，What is more, ＿＿＿＿＿，Thirdly, ＿＿＿＿＿．As a result, ＿＿＿＿＿． Considering all these, ＿＿＿＿＿．For one thing, ＿＿＿＿For another, ＿＿＿＿．In conclusion, ＿＿＿＿． As is shown above, the bar chart clearly demonstrates the relationship between the education level and earning in 2010. It is obvious that well-educated persons such as owning Doctoral degree and Master's degree have a high salary than those who have relatively low degree. Isolated as the figure seems to be, as a matter of fact, we can observe that the higher level of education you receive, the higher income you get. People’s opinions about investment in education differ from person to person. Some people say that knowledge could no longer change destiny. To them, it is not only a waste of money, but also a waste of time. Others deem that education is worthy of investment. As for me it is no doubt that education offers favorable working opportunity and handsome income, which enable us to buy what we want ,please what we love, and fulfill what we dream, and correspondingly we are able to build an ideal paradise where life can be enjoyed to the uttermost. In conclusion, we should realize significance of education, which plays a crucial role in personal growth of career. In addition, it is convinced that education is the prospect of a nation. 四级作文范文：Education Pays From the chart above, we can definitely get a conclusion that the more you learned, the higher your salary would be. The figures in the chart denied the claim that knowledge is useless. However quite a few people still hold the opinion that a higher education does no good to a better job since that there are many university students who can not get an ideal job.
企业人力资源管理师四级教材
企业人力资源管理师（四级）教材 课后题参考答案――商英HR051全体贡献 第一章：人力资源规划 ★1，说明企业组织信息采集的主要内容和方法。 答：基本原则：准确性原则；系统性原则；针对性原则；适用性原则；经济性原则。 程序：一.调研准备阶段.1.初步情况分析；2.非正式调研；3.确定调研目标； 二.正式调研阶段：1.相关信息的来源，2.选择抽样方法，设计调查问卷；3.实地调查； 方法：1.档案记录法；2.调查研究法。 2，说明组织结构的类型及其结构图的制作方法。 答：一，类型：直线制；职能制；直线职能制；事业部制；超事业部制；矩阵制。 二，制作方法：1.框图一般要画四层，从中心层计算，其上画一层，其下画两层，用框图表示。 2.功能、职责、权限相同机构（岗位或职务）的框图大小应一致，并列在同一水平线上。 3.表示接受命令指挥系统的线，从上一层垂下来与框图中间或左端横向引出线相接。 4.命令指挥系统用实践，彼此有协作服务关系的用虚线。 5.具用参谋作用的机构、岗位的框图，用横线与上一层垂线相连，并画在左、右上方。 ★3，简述工作岗位写实的基本程序、步骤和方法。 答：步骤：一，岗位写实前的准备工作， 1.根据岗位写实的目的确认写实的对象； 2.进行初步岗位调查； 3.制定出写实工作计划，规定好具体的写实程序和步骤，设计出写实调查表，做好书写板、计时器等所需仪器的准备工 作，明确规定划分工作事项的标准，以及各类工时消耗的代号、编码，以便于登记记录数据资料。 4.培训写实人员，使其熟练掌握岗位写实的技术技巧。 5.写实人员要把写实的意图和要求向被调查者解释清楚，使其积极配合，全力协助写实人员完成信息的采集工作。 二，实地观察记录； 三，写实资料的整理汇总。 4．简述作业测时的基本程序、步骤和方法。 答案：（一）测时前的准备 1）根据测时的目的选择测时对象。测时对象确定后，调查人员要将测时的目的、意义和要求向员工解释清楚，以便取得员工的配合，共同把测时工作做好。 2）了解被测对象和加工作业方面的情况。 3）根据实际情况，将工序划分为操作或操作组。划分的原则是：基本时间和辅助时间要分开；机动时间、手动时间和手工操作时间要分开。在划分操作的基础上，确定定时点，作为区分上下操作的界限，以保证每次观察记录的一致性和正确性。 4）测时最好在上班1~2小时后，待生产稳定后进行。 （二）实地测时观察。 （三）测时资料的整理、分析 （1．根据测时的记录，删去不正常的数值，以便求出在正常条件下操作的延续时间。 （2. 计算有效的观察次数，求出每一操作的平均延续时间。 （3. 计算稳定系数，检验每一项操作的平均延续时间的准确和可靠程度。 （4.由每个操作平均延续时间，计算出工序的作业时间，再经过工时评定，得到符合定额水平的时间值，作为制定时间定额的依据。 5.简述岗位抽样的基本程序、步骤和方法。
海运提单样本解析
详细说明缮制方法： 1.Shipper，托运人。托运人也称发货人(Consignor)，是指委托运输的当事人。如信用证无特殊规定，应以受益人为托运人。如果受益人是中间商，货物是从产地直接装运的，这时也可以实际卖方为发货人，因为按UCP500规定，如信用 2.Consignee，收货人。这是提单的抬头，是银行审核的重点项目。应与托运单中“收货人”的填写完全一致，并符合信用证的规定。 2.Consignee，收货人。这是提单的抬头，是银行审核的重点项目。应与托运单中“收货人”的填写完全一致，并符合信用证的规定。 例1.来证要求Full set of B/L Consigned to ABC Co.，则提单收货人一栏中填Consigned to ABC Co.。 例2.来证要求 B/L issued to order of Applicant，查Applicant为Big A Co.，则提单收货人一栏中填to order of Big A Co.。 例3.来证要求Full set of B/L made out to our order，查开证行名称为Small B Bank，则提单收货人一栏中填to order of Small B Bank, 或填to Small B Bank’s order。证无特殊规定，银行将接受以第三者为发货人的提单。不过此时必须考虑各方面是否可行的问题。 收货人栏的填写必须与信用证要求完全一致。任何粗心大意和贪图省事的填法都可能是单证不符点。不符点的例：B/L issued to the order of ABC Co. Ltd. Whereas L/C required“ to ABC Co. Ltd.”。 (提单开成凭ABC公司指定人指示，而信用证要求“凭ABC公司指示)。抬头为特定的公司与这一公司的指定人是完全不同的，前者只有这一特定的公司可以提货，提单不能转让，后者提单经此公司背书便可以转让。又如，假设信用证上规定的地名是简称，而提单上写的是全称，也是不符点。
近5年英语四级作文题目
考试时间主题或题目题材体裁命题形式写作类型 校园生活议论文图表作文观点论证型2015.6 Mobile phone and study internet 社会生活议论文图表作文现象解释、 问题解决型 社会热点议论文图表作文现象解释型Parents’role in children’s growth 校园生活夹叙夹议文字描述解释型2014.12 A classmate in college 校园生活夹叙夹议文字描述解释型 A course in college 校园生活夹叙夹议文字描述解释型 A campus activity in college 校园生活说明文文字现象解释型2014.6 Interesting place on campus 考试时间主题或题目题材体裁命题形式写作类型 社会生活议论文图表文字观点论证型2013.12 Internet and study Mobile phone 社会生活议论文图表文字问题解决型 社会生活议论文图表文字对比选择型2013.6 Comparison of doing small things and great things 2012.12 Education pays 校园生活议论文图表文字现象解释型 社会生活议论文提纲式文字问题解决型2012.6 On excessive packaging 校园生活议论文提纲式文字现象解释型2011.12 Nothing succeeds without a strong will 社会生活议论文提纲式文字现象解释型2011.6 Online shopping
2015.6 范文：Writing：家长角色 There are several possible reasons accountable for this phenomenon(中心句). To begin with, family in growing numbers has only one child; therefore, parents oftentimes focus all their attentions on that child and exert much pressure on him or her(原因一). Moreover, numerous parents intend to realize their unfulfilled dreams by letting their children learn what they failed to learn and apply for the college by which they failed to be accepted, because they have become richer and they believe that they have the power to make what they wanted and want come true now(原因二). For instance, my uncle used to be a poor man and his dream that one day he would become a violinist was broken because of lack of money. But he made a fortune by selling coals, and then forced his son, my younger brother to practice playing violin. My brother was a huge fan of sports, but now he has to play violin everyday unwillingly and ofter quarrels with their parents(举例：原来-然后-结局). To sum up, it is unreasonable for parents to control their children’s life(总结句). In order to help them grow happily and healthily, parents are supposed to communicate with their kids about what they are really interested in(建议一，目的句型). Meanwhile, it is about time that parents let their kids make their own choices(建议二，“是时候”句型). Only in these ways will children grow in a psychologically happy environment and realize their own dreams 2014.12 t he Most Impressive Campus Activity Every university offers numerous kinds of activities to enr ich students’ extracurricular life. As one of the young college students, I have benefited a lot from all of these well-organized activities, but the one impressing me most is the debate competition which I took part in last year.
最新人力资源管理师四级真题.pdf
人力资源管理师四级真题 理论知识 一、单项选择题 1、(C)是指经济运行过程中繁荣与衰退的周期性交替。 (A)经济规律(B)经济交替(C)经济周期(D)经济变动 2、面对劳动力市场，人们的身份不包括(B)。 (A)就业者(B)劳动力(C)失业者(D)非劳动力 3、以下关于实际工资描述正确的是(D)。实际工资=货币工资/价格指数 (A)工人单位时问的货币所得(B)商品价格与实际工资里正向变动 (C)精确地反映了货币工资的实际购买力(D)是经价格指数修正过的货币工资 4、以下关于社会保险说法不正确的是(A)。 (A)社会保险不具有强制性 (B)社会保险当事人不能自行选择保险项目 (C)社会保险当事人不能自行选择是否参加保险 (D)对劳动者而言，物质帮助权主要通过社会保险来实现 5、(C)是以法律共同体的长期实践为前提，以法律共同体的普遍的法律确信为基础。 (A)法官法(B)判例法(C)习惯法(D)成文法 6、以下关于劳动法的监督检查制度的说法正确的是(D)。 (A)它规定了劳动关系的全部内容 (B)它规定了劳动关系的运行规则 (C)它规定了劳动关系的调整规则 (D)它规定了实现和保证各项劳动法律制度实施的手段 7、劳动关系转变为劳动法律关系的条件是(D)。 (A)劳动合同关系(B)劳动行政法律关系 (C)劳动服务法律关系(D)存在现实劳动关系劳动法律关系是劳动关系的现实形态 8、企业(A)机会是指对本企业的营销具有吸引力的、能享受竞争优势的市场机会。 (A)营销(B)竞争(C)优势(D)实践 9、市场营销计划的控制不包括(C)。 (A)盈利能力控制(B)战略控制(C)季度计划控制(D)效率控制 10、顾客力量分析是企业特定经营环境分析的重要内容，不包括(B) (A)顾客购买动机分析(C)顾客消费承受能力 (B)顾客年龄结构分析(D)产品消费群体分析 11、阿伦和梅耶提出的组织承诺不包括(D)。 (A)感情承诺(B)继续承诺(C)规范承诺(D)口头承诺 12、第一个对学习中的强化做出理论分析的是(C)。 (A)弗洛姆(B)莱文泽尔(C)爱德华?桑代克(D)赫兹伯格 13、个体的沟通风格不包括(A)。 (A)自我实践型(C)自我暴露型(B)自我保护型(D)自我实现型 14、(B)是指一个测验的结果与被测验者行为的公认标准之间的相关程度。 (A)信度(B)效度(C)难度(D)标准化 15、基于“经济人”假说的管理是运用(A)来凋动人的积极性。 (A)物质刺激(C)内部激励 (B)满足社会需要(D)搞好人际关系
教师招聘考试真题及答案解析
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5. 首先提出“普及教育”口号的是在 ( C ) 时期 A.奴隶社会 会 D. 社会主义社会 解析：随着生产力的发展， 科学技术和生产的结合越来越紧密， 要求工人的文化 程度越来越高， 再加上第二次世界大战以后民主化运动的发展， 资本主义提出了 “普及教育”的口号。 6. 我国第一个正式实施的学制是 ( D ) 。 A. 壬寅学制 B. 壬戌学制 C. 甲午 学制 D. 癸卯学制 解析：学校教育制度简称学制， 是指一个国家各级各类学校教育的系统。 我国近 代学制的情况： 1902 年，我国颁布了第一个近代学制“壬寅学制”，但未实施； 1904年，我国颁布了“癸卯学制”，这是我国第一个正式实施的学制。 1922 年， 我国颁布了“壬戌学制”，即通常所说的六三三学制，一直用到中华人民共和国 成立。 7. “君子欲化民成俗，其必由学乎”、“古之王者，建国君民，教学为先”体现 了 ( B ) 的教育目的观。 A. 教育无目的论 论 D. 个人本位论 解析：“君子欲化民成俗，其必由学乎”出自《礼记?学记》，意思是君子如果 要教化人民， 造成良好的风俗习惯， 一定要从教育入手。 表达了这样一种治学精 神即，教育，担负的最大责任不是传承知识，而是移风易俗。 “古之王者，建国 君民，教学为先”意为古代的君王建立国家，治理民众，都把教育当作首要的事 情。其体现了社会本文论的教育观。 8. 对残疾儿童的教育要依据 ( B ) 的特征进行。 A. 儿童身心发展的顺序性 化与互补的协调性 C. 儿童身心发展的统一性 平衡性 9. “教育对人的肉体和精神都要关心， 但主要关心的应当是灵魂， 教育应当建立 在精神本质占优势的基础上”，这一观点是 ( A ) 教育目的论。 A. 神学的 B. 科学本位 C. 社会本 B. 封建社 C. 资本主义社会 B. 社会本位 C. 科学本位论 B. 儿童身心发展的分 D. 儿童身心发展的不
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人力资源管理师四级简答真题(实操)及答案
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第八章 海运提单教案汇总
第八章海运提单 [学习目的]了解海运提单的基本含义及其在外贸业务中的作用，掌握海运提单的缮制技巧，理解海运提单的基本内容。 [计划学时]三讲6学时 [重点与难点] 重点：海运提单的基本内容 难点：海运提单的缮制技巧。 [教学方法]案例导课，分析引出内容，强调海运提单的外贸单证业务中的重要性，课堂精讲。布置作业两次，并批改。 [教学手段与教具]教学大纲、教案、教材和其他相关教材，单据模板。 [教学过程设计] 第一讲（2个课时） 第一节海运委托书 第二节海运提单理论概述 第二讲（2个课时） 第三节海运提单的主要内容及条款解析 第四节海运提单的缮制 第三讲（2个课时）
第五节实训指导 布置作业：本章节的作业形式：纸制作业 第一节海运委托书 一、海运委托书的含义 何谓海运委托书 海运委托书又叫托运单（Booking Note），是托运人根据贸易合同和信用证条款内容填制的，向承运人或其代理办理货物托运的单证，也是船公司缮制提单的主要依据。 提问：1、哪一方缮制海运委托书？ 2、海运委托书能证明什么？ 二、海运委托书缮制样本 1、海运委托书的内容 参照书中海运委托书样本，解释海运委托书个项目内容。2、海运委托书缮制 解释海运委托书个项目内容缮制依据。 三、租船订舱业务流程 结合书中租船订舱业务流程图，说明租船订舱业务过程。
第二节海运提单理论概述 一海运提单的含义 海运提单（MARINE BILL OF LADING或OCEAN BILL OF LADING），简称“提单”（B/L），是由承运人或其授权的代理人签发给托运人，表明已将特定的货物装上船并经海洋运至目的地的收据和物权凭证。 二、海运提单的作用 1、货物收据 海运提单是承运人或其代理人签发的货物收据（Receipt for the Goods），确认承运人已经按海运提单所列内容收到货物。提单一经承运人签发，即表明承运人已将货物装上船舶或已确认接管。 2、物权凭证 海运提单的合法持有人凭海运提单可在目的港向轮船公司提取货物，也可以在载货船舶到达目的港之前，通过转让海运提单而转移货物所有权或凭以向银行办理抵押货款。 3、运输契约的证明 海运提单是托运人和承运人之间的运输契约的证明（Evidence of Contract of Carrier），是承运人与托运人处理双方在运输中的权利和义务问题的主要依据。
浙江省教师招聘考试真题及答案
浙江省教师招聘考试真题及答案
浙江省教师招聘考试真题及答案 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题1分，共20分) 1.认为实验归纳法是获得真正知识的必由之路，为后来的教育学发展奠定了方法论基础的是( )。 A.苏格拉底 B.夸美纽斯 C.培 根 D.梅伊曼和拉伊 解析：英国哲学家培根(1561~1626)为独立形态教育学的出现做出了重要贡献。作为“近代实验科学鼻祖”，培根猛烈地批判了亚里士多德以来的经院哲学,提出了实验的归纳法，将其看成是获得真正知识的必由之路，为后来教育学的发展奠定了方法论基础。此外,1623年培根还首次把“教育学”作为一门独立的科学提了出来。C 2.下列哪一观点是亚里士多德的思想( )。 A.美德是否可教 B.教学具有教育性
C.以“四书五经”等经典为教育内容 D.官学与私学、书院和社学并存 A 5.首先提出“普及教育”口号的是在( )时期。 A.奴隶社会 B.封建社会 C.资本主义社会 D.社会主义社会 解析：随着生产力的发展，科学技术和生产的结合越来越紧密，要求工人的文化程度越来越高，再加上第二次世界大战以后民主化运动的发展，资本主义提出了“普及教育”的口号。C 6.我国第一个正式实施的学制是( )。 A.壬寅学制 B.壬戌学制 C.甲午学制 D.癸卯学制 解析：学校教育制度简称学制，是指一个国家各级各类学校教育的系统。我国近代学制的情况：1902年，我国颁布了第一个近代学制“壬寅学制”，但未实施；1904年，我国颁布了“癸卯学制”，这是我国第一个正式实施的学制。1922
人力资源管理师(四级)习题答案
第一章人力资源规划 二、简答题 1．答： 第一阶段，调研准备阶段。调研人员通过对企业有关情况、信息、情报、资料的初步分析和非正式调研，确定调研的主题内容和范围。 （1）初步情况分析。 （2）非正式调研。 （3）确定调研目标。 第二阶段，正式调研阶段。这是最主要和最关键的阶段。调研人员应确定获取相关信息的手段与方法。 （1）决定采集资料信息的来源和方法 （2）设计调查问卷和抽样方法 （3）实地调查，又称现场调查。 2．答： 工作岗位写实分为三个阶段。 第一阶段，岗位写实前的准备工作。 （1）根据岗位写实的目的，确定写实对象。 （2）进行初步岗位调查。 （3）制定出写实工作计划，规定好具体的写实程序何步骤，设计出写实调查表，做好书写板、计时器等所需仪器的准备工作，明确规定划分工作事项的标准，以及各类工时 消耗的代号、编码，以便于登记记录数据资料。 （4）培训写实人员，使其熟练掌握岗位写实的技术和技巧。 （5）写实人员要把写实的意图和要求向写实对象讲清楚，以便取得他们的积极配合。 第二阶段，实地观察记录。 从上班开始，一直到下班结束，将整个工作日的活动情况毫无遗漏地记录下来，以保证写实的完整性。 第三阶段，写实资料的整理汇总。 （1）计算各活动事项消耗的时间。 （2）对所有观察事项进行分类，通过汇总计算出每一类工时的合计数。 （3）编制岗位写实汇总表，在分析、研究各类工时消耗的基础上，分别计算出每类工时消耗占全部工作时间和作业时间的比重。 （4）分析岗位工作的内外环境和条件，掌握关联工作活动的各种信息。 （5）根据写实结果，写出岗位综合分析报告。 3．答： （1）为合理安排作业计划和定岗定员提供依据。
现象解释型作文模板
现象解释型作文模板
王长喜12句作文模板—— 现象解释型作文模板 模板一 Topic: ①Recently, ①描述现象，引起话题. ②What amazes us most is ②表现较为典型的一个方面 . 中 华考试网 ③It is true that ③对于现象做出的评论 . ④There are many reasons explaining ④承上启下,解释这一现象的原 因 . ⑤The main reason is ⑤说明原因一 . ⑥What is more, ⑥原因二 . ⑦Thirdly, ⑦原因三 . ⑧As a result, ⑧讲述导致的结果 . ⑨Considering all these, ⑨作者的态度 . ⑩For one thing, ⑩观点一 . 11For another, 11观点二 . 12 In conclusion, 12总结全文 . 现学现用 What Electives to Choose For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled What Electives to Choose. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课 2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课 3.以你自己为例…… Nowadays, a growing number of electives are offered in all sorts of universities. According to a recent survey in China Daily, students can choose their favorite courses from a total number of 20,000 electives in Chinese universities. The topics include everything, from literature to engineering, from sociology to chemistry. When asked why they choose the electives, different students provide different answers. Some of them choose the electives which are easier to study; therefore, the students will be able to win the credit with little effort. Other students maintain that they choose the electives that interest them the most. Still others choose the “practical” courses because they believe these program s will help them hunt for a better job when they graduate. As to me, I choose two electives, English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and economics. The former will equip me with more knowledge to read and write academic papers; while the latter is important in that everyone has to know a little economics in order to live better in the time of “market economy”. 现象解释型模板二 Topic sentence 1）______________________ has become a common part of people’s life. (空格内用概括性的词语描述现象，即开门见山，综述现象。) 2）And_____________ has always aroused the greatest concern.（空格内填题目要去讨论的具体现象）
四级人力资源管理师考试真题
2010年11月劳动和社会保障部 国家职业资格全国统一鉴定 职业：企业人力资源管理师 等级：国家职业资格四级 卷册一：职业道德 理论知识 注意事项：1、考生应首先将自己的姓名、准考证号用等用钢笔、圆珠笔等写在试卷册和答题卡的相应位置上，并用铅笔填涂答题卡上的相应位置处。 2、考生同时应将本页右上角的科目代码填涂在答题卡右上角的相应位置。 3、本试卷册包括职业道德和理论知识两部分： 第一部分， 1-25 小题，为职业道德试题；第二部分， 26-125 小题，为理论 知识试题。 4、每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案涂黑。如需改动，用 橡皮擦干净 后，再选涂其它答案。所有答案均不得答在试卷上。 5、考试结束时，考生务必将本卷册和答题卡一并交给监考人员。 6、考生应按要求在答题卡上作答，如果不按标准要求进行填涂，则均属作答无 效。 地区：__________________________________________ 姓名：__________________________________________ 准考证号：____________________________________
第一部分职业道德 （第1~25题，共25 道题） 职业道德理论与知识部分 答题指导： 该部分均为选择题，每题均有四个备选项，其中单项选择题只有一个是正确的，多项选择题有两个或两个以上选项是正确的。 请根据题意的内容和要求答题，并在答题卡上将所选答案的相应字母涂黑。错选、少 选、多选，则该题均不得分。 一）单项选择题（第1~8 题） 二）多项选择题（第 9~16 题） 职业道德个人表现部分（第17~25 题）答题指导： 该部分均为选择题，每题均有四个备选项，您只能根据自己的实际状况选择其中一个选项作为您的答案。 请在答题卡上将所选答案的相应字母涂黑。
教师招聘考试真题题库及答案解析
教师资格考试真题题库及答案解析1 1.我国隋唐开始实行，克服了君权与相权矛盾的政治制度是( )。 A.分封制 B.中央集权制 C.行省制 D.三省六部制 2.被后人尊为“医圣”，著有《伤寒杂病论》，为中医临床奠定基本原则的是( )。 A.华佗 B.孙思邈 C.李时珍 D.张仲景 3.我国四大卫星发射中心中纬度最低，最适合发射大负重卫星的是( )。 A.酒泉 B.西昌 C.文昌 D.太原 4.下列选项中，对概念所做的概括，不正确的一项是( )。 A.将米饭概括为食物 B.将文人概括为墨客 C.将研究生概括为学生 D.将手机概括为电子产品 5.宋朝王安石写过一篇《伤仲永》的短文，说江西金溪有一个叫方仲永的少年，5岁时就能作诗，但后来由于他父亲没有及时教育，使他到十二三岁时写的诗就不如以前了，到20岁左右，则“泯然众人矣”。这说明( )。 A.后天的生活条件和教育对人发展的重要意义 B.后天教育对人的发展起决定性 C.遗传素质在人的发展中作用 D.社会环境是影响人发展的重要因素 6.“给我一打健康的婴儿，一个由我支配的特殊环境，让我在这个环境里养育他们，我可担保任意选择一个，不论他们父母的才干、倾向、爱好如何，他们父母的职业及种族如何，我都可以
按照我的意愿把他们训练成为任何一种人物——医生、律师、艺术家、大商人，甚至乞丐或强盗。”这是华生( )的观点。 A.遗传决定论的观点 B.环境决定论的观点 C.家庭决定论的观点 D.儿童决定论的观点 7.能在头脑中把形式和内容分开，使思维超出所感知的具体事物或形象，进行抽象的逻辑思维和命题运算，称为( )。 A.感知运算阶段 B.前运算阶段 C.具体运算阶段 D.形式运算阶段 8.前苏联心理学家维果茨基提出的“最近发展区”理论认为，为了使教学能够促进学生的发展，至少应确定儿童的两种发展水平，一种是已达到的发展水平，另一种是( )的发展水平。 A.将要达到 B.最终达到 C.已经完成 D.可能完成 9.埃里克森的人格发展理论认为，儿童人格发展的每一阶段都有一种冲突和矛盾所决定的发展危机，其中12-18 岁阶段的危机冲突是( )。 A.勤奋感对自卑感 B.主动感对内疚感 C.自主感对羞耻感 D.自我同一性对角色混乱 10.通常所说的“跳一跳，摘桃子”是指( )。 A.先行组织者 B.最近发展区 C.教育与教学 D.解决问题 【参考答案解析】 1.D【解析】隋唐设立“三省六部制”，三省包括中书省——发