最新最全备课精编精讲精练中考英语语法专题八 时态语态专题十三 主谓一致
专题十三主谓一致
【命题趋势】主谓一致是各地中考重点考查的语法项目之一，以考查主谓一致三原则为主。【考点归纳】
1.语法一致
2.意义一致
3.就近一致
【语法精讲】
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致通常有三种原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
一、语法一致
（一）谓语动词用单数的情况
1）主语是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：Tom is a good student.
2）主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
①There is some milk in the fridge.
②There are five cartons of milk in the fridge.
3) 单个动词不定式、动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
①To become a doctor i s her wish.
②Helping others is her great happiness.
4) “much, little, a little, much more, a great deal of, an amount of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
①There i s little water in the bottle.
②A great deal of time has been wasted by now.
（二）谓语动词用复数的情况
1)主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
They often play football on the playground.
2)由两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors, pants, jeans, gloves 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼睛在书桌上。
【超级点津】如果这类名词前用了a pair of等表示数量的名词，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于表示数量的名词的单复数形式。例如：
①Here are some new pairs of shoes.
②My new pair of socks is on the bed.
3）用and或both…and连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
4）both, few, a few, many, several, others作主语或它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
①There are only a few people who can live to 100. 只有少数人能活到100岁。
②Both of them are in my class. 他们两个都在我的班里
三、根据主语中名词的单复数而定
1) 当主语有with, as well as, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, plus, besides, in addition to等结构跟在主语后面时，不能看作是并列主语，可以看作是插入语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：
①The teacher together with some students is visiting the museum.
②Tom as well as I wants to go boating.
③The woman together with her daughter and son is sitting on the sofa.
④All but one were here just now.
2)some of，all of, most of, plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, none of, rest of, part of以及等后面加上可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
There is plenty of water in the bottle.
There are plenty of balls in the box.
3) “分数或百分数+ of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如：
①has been reclaimed.
②against the plan.
③boys.
④is fresh water.
【超级点津】谓语动词取决于修饰词，而不是取决于主语中的名词的情况
由“kind( type, form，pile, series，quantity) of”等修饰主语时，其谓语形式取决于kind, type, form, pile, series等这些修饰词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。例如：kind of books is good for children.
These kinds of books are good for children.
of paper was left.
of paper were left.
（一）谓语动词用单数的情况
1）有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works(工厂), Maths。还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economics, physics, mechanics, Mathematics, politics(―政治‖的意思，如果作为―政见‖的意思，则是复数含义)等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
①Here is the news.
②Politics is my favourite subject.
2)当one of, a pair of, a kind of , a pile of（一堆），a series of （一系列）等结构作主语时，
谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
①One of those students has passed the examination.
② A new type of bus is now on show.
②A series of accidents has been reported.
③A pile of books was set beside the wall.
3) 用作运算的数词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Ten plus ten makes twenty.
4) 数词和表示金钱、时间、价格、度、量、衡等名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：
①Five dollars is enough.
②Two weeks was allowed for making preparations.
③Thirty miles is a long way to walk.
5）表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志、格言及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
①The New York Times is reading all over the United States.
②The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
6) 有些集体名词如：clothing, furniture（家具）, jewellery（珠宝）, equipment（设备）等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
①Much of her jewellery was missing. 她的珠宝首饰很多都丢了。
②The equipment of the lab is carried by two trucks. 实验室的设备由两辆卡车运送。
③Our clothing protects us from cold. 衣服保护我们免受寒冻。
④Then the furniture was moved in. 然后家具被搬进来。
（二）谓语动词用复数的情况
1) 有些表示总体意义的集合名词如：people, police, cattle, clothes等形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：
①Are there any people around?
②The police are searching for a short dark man with a beard.
2) a number of作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。
【超级点津】a number of 与the number of 的区别
―a number of + 名词复数‖的意思是―许多...‖，动词要用复数形式；
―the number of + 名词复数‖的意思是―...的数量是‖，动词要用单数形式。
例如：A number of books have been lent out. 许多的书都借出去了。
The number of the students is over 800. 学生的数量超过了800。
3) ―the + 形容词‖(如the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the dead, the sick, the brave 等)作主语时，通常指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐，富人悲凉。
（三）根据主语中名词的含义而定
1) 集体名词如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, team, group, public等词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例如。
Her family is going to move. 她的家准备搬。
她的家人身体都很好。
The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants.
中国的人口有13.6亿，70％是农业人口。
3）用“and”连接的两个名词作主语时，如果指的是同一人或物时（此时第二个名词前没有冠词），谓语动词用单数；如果指的是两个人或物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：poet and writer has come. 那个诗人兼作家来了。(同一人，身兼两职)
The poet and the writer have come. 诗人和作家来了。(两个人)
Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他经常以黄油面包当早餐。(同一个事物)
were sold out in that shop. 商店里的面包和黄油都卖光了。(两个事物) 【拓展延伸】
“No/Each/Every+单数名词and＋no/each/every+单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
①No teacher and no student was invited to the meeting.老师和学生都没有被邀请去参加会议。
②Every man and every woman has a seat.每位男士和女士都就座了。
4）all作主语时，谓语动词要根据它指代的含义决定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：
All is r ight. 一切顺利。(all代表所有的事情)
All are present. 人都到齐了。(all代表所有的人)
（四）特殊情况
英语中this kind of men=men of this kind 意思是“这类人”，但是this kind of men作主语时，谓语动词用单数，men of this kind作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
is dangerous.
are dangerous.
1）由连词or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, nor, not...but等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：
Neither you nor Mary is right.
Either you or she is not telling the truth.
Are neither you nor your father interested in swimming?
2) 当there be, here, where 句型的主语是多个事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：
①There is a desk and two chairs in the office.
②There are two chairs and a desk in the office.
③Here is a ruler, a few pencils and some paper for you.
【中考链接】
【2013江苏南京】
There __________ still some apple juice in the fridge. It’s not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
【2013江苏扬州】A number of tourists _________ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city.
A. have been to
B. has been to
C. has gone to
D. have gone to
【2013上海】35．A lot of foreigners______ familiar with the famous places of interest in China．
A)am B)is C)are D)be
【2012江苏泰州】5.—Why are you late, Jim?
—Because there _____ a lot of traffic when I came here.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
【2011江苏南通】1.Linda, with her parents,__ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.
A. has gone to
B. have gone to
C. has been to
D. have been to
【实战演练】
基础练
1. There __ still some milk in the fridge. It’s not necessary to go to the sto re today.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
2．― I think neither this shirt nor that one ____ good.‖ he said.
A．are B．is C．were D．was
3．Three years ____ a short time. You have to study hard.
A．is B．are C．be D．were
4．All ____ done now.
A．have B．has C．has been D．have been
5．All the food ____ ready now. Let's have a meal.
A．be B．an C．is D．are
6．Either Jim or Sam ____ going to help the farmers with the orange harvest this afternoon. A．was B．were C．is D．are
7．This pair of shoes ____ for my father.
A．is B．are C．buy D．get
8．There ____ a desk，two beds and four chairs in the room
A．is B．are C．has D．have
9．Nothing but grass and trees ____ the hill.
A．covers B．cover C．covering D．is covered
10．The mother with two children often ____ to the town.
A．go B．goes C．are going D．is going 11．The box of rubbers ____ white.
A．is B．are C．be D．were
12．____ he or you to come home？
A．Is B．Are C．Will D．Can
13．His family ____ a large one. The whole family ____ watching TV.
A．is…is B．are…are C．are…is D．is…are
14．None of that money on the table ____ mine.
A．is B．are C．been D．were
15．Ten minutes ____ enough for me.
A．is B．are C．am D．be
16．Neither my father nor I ____ there just now.
A．were B．is C．are D．was
17. The secretary and manager ____very busy now.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
18. Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting.
A. has
B. have
C. are
D. was
19. Each of the girls here __________ to the West Lake twice.
A. have gone
B. have been
C. has gone
D. has been
21. They each ____ a beautiful handkerchief.
A. have
B. has
C. there is
D. there are
21. The old ____well looked after by the government in China.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. was
22. I can’t afford the car, five thousand dollars ______ too much for me.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
23. — He, together with his parents ___going to visit Shanghai in July. How about you?
— I'm afraid I have to stay at home _ _.
A. are; on my own
B. is, by myself
C. is; by my own
D. are; on myself
24. About 20 percent of the work ____done yesterday.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was
25. The number of books in the bookshop _____ about 10,000 and a number of them about science.
A. is; are
B. was; were
C. are; is
D. were; was
提高练
1. There lots of people at the restaurant when 1 got there.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
2. There _ going to be a basketball match this afternoon.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. will
3. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. was
4. －How much is the pair of shoes?
－Twenty dollars ____ enough.
A. is
B. are
C. am
5. Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party.
A. was
B. were
C. have been
D. had been
6. One of my friends _______moved to America. I miss her so much.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
7. Between the two rows of trees _____the teaching building.
A. stand
B. stands
C. standing
D. are
8. Writing stories and articles _____what I enjoy most.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
9. The Chinese people _____hard-working and brave.
A. are
B. is
C. has been
D. are being
10. Three-fourths of the homework _____today.
A. has finished
B. has been finished
C. have finished
D. have been finished
11. —Which would you like, tea or coffee?
—Either ________ OK, but I prefer coffee _______milk.
A. is; with
B. is; to
C. are; with
D.are; to
12. Neither my father nor my mother ____ rock music. They think that it’s too ______.
A. like; noise
B. likes; noise
C. like; noisy
D. likes; noisy
13. The head teacher with his students _______Xuanwu Lake Park if it _______tomorrow.
A. is going to; isn’t rainy
B. are going to; isn’t rainy
C. is going to; won’t rain
D. are going to; doesn’t rain
14. —David, there _____ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.
—OK. Mum. I’ll do it right away.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
15. – Physics _____ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?
-- Yes, I think so.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
16. There __ still some milk and bread in the fridge. It’s not necessary to go to the store today.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
17. Ten minutes ago, there _____ an eraser, a pen and some books on the desk.
A. is
B. was
C. were
D. are
18. When and where to build the new factory ____yet.
A. is not decided
B. are not decided
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
19．No book and no pen ____ in the bag.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
20．Each student and each teacher ____ to see the film.
A．go B．wish C．are D．wants
21. The whole class _____the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to
B. is listening to
C. are listening
D. is listening
22. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _____by their teacher.
A. are praised
B. is praised
C. praised
D. praising
23. The number of people invited _____fifty，but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.
A. were; was
B. was；was
C. was；were
D. were；were
24. The police ____the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for
B. were searching for
C. are searching for
D. were searching
25. Those who ___ _ in ___ _compositions, please hand them in this afternoon.
A. hasn’t handed; his
B. haven’t handed; their
C. has handed；their
D. have handed; his
拓展练
任务型阅读（每空一个单词）
Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. With the development of agriculture and industry, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured into rivers. We produce lots of waste every day and it is harmful to our environment. We must face the situation and take actions to solve our environment problems. Here are some ideas for you to do better in your life.
Remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle.
Reduce means ―Use less‖. Don’t waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad.
Reuse means ―Use again‖. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of them so that they will last, and we should repair them instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.
Recycle means ―change things into something else‖. Although it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighborhood and take part in recycling programs. We should also buy
products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees.
Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to our environment.
1.How
2.harm
3.give
4.pouring
5.Reduce
6.buying
7.foreign
https://www.360docs.net/doc/ae18583651.html,e
9.energy 10.action(s)
中考英语时态和语态专项练习题
中考英语时态和语态专项练习题 ( ) 1. Don’t make so much noise. We _______ to the music. A. listened B. listen C. are listening D. have listened ( ) 2. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I _______ it for two weeks. A. keep B. borrowed C. have kept D. have lent ( ) 3. –When will you tell him the good news --I will tell him about it as soon as he _______ back. A. comes B. came C. will come D. is coming ( ) 4. –Dad, please open the door, it _______. –OK, dear. I’m coming. A. locks B. locked C. is locked D. was locked ( ) 5. –Did you go to Jim’s birthday party --No, I _______. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invite d D. didn’t invite ( ) 6. A talk on Chinese history _______ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give ( ) 7. You may go fishing if your work _______. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done ( ) 8. –What do you think of the football match yesterday
初中英语语法——动词的时态
动词的时态 一、考点解读 今天我们复习动词的时态，英语的时态是同学们学习英语的难点，在各地的中考题目中许多题型都会有对于动词时态的考查。出现较多的是在单选，完形填空，及其在第二卷中出现的根据汉语意思填词的题目，还包括翻译句子，书面表达。可以说中考题目中大部分都会涉及到动词的时态。既是难点也是重点。在今天的专题中我们复习初中阶段需要掌握的八个时态。 1．一般现在时 2．现在进行时 3．一般过去时 4．过去进行时 5．一般将来时 6．过去将来时 7．现在完成时 8．过去完成时 二、专题梳理 初中阶段所学的英语的时态有8种。英语的时态有很强的表达能力，能使句子的意思明确，能显示细微的差异，能使句子生动逼真。但它们不是相当灵活，在不同的时间中，要用不同的形式，这是与中文大不相同的地方。 1．一般现在时：一般现在时是描述经常性、反复性的动作、性质或状态的时态。 （1）一般现在时的时间状语通常有： ①often ②usually ③always
④seldom ⑤sometimes ⑥every＋时间 ⑦次数＋时间 ⑧on＋时间 ⑨in＋时间 ⑩没有时间，但表示客观存在的事实 （2）一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示，但如果主语是单数第三人称时，则在动词后加s或es，变成否定句和疑问句时，又将s、es去掉，还为原形。 ①be动词的一般现在时的构成 否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示： ②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成
其他实义动词一般现在时的构成如下 表所示（以动词work为例） 特别提示： have(has)在表示“有”时，否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t)或have not(has not)，变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does)。当不表示“有”的意思时，其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。 e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons？(√) Does she have any experience in teaching piano lessons？(√) 她有教钢琴的经验吗？ Had you a good time going hiking yesterday？(×) Did you have a good time going hiking yesterday？(√) 你昨天徒步旅行玩得开心吗？
高中英语语法(时态和语态)
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高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态
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