外研必修三四英语单词及英语释义

M1

Across to the opposite side

Boot footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

Continental being or concerning or limited to a continent especially the continents of North America or Europe

Face the side upon which the use of a thing depends (usually the most prominent surface of an object)

Range a series of hills or mountains

Landmark an event marking a unique or important historical change of course or one on which important developments depend

Gallery a room or series of rooms where works of art are exhibited

Situated situated in a particular spot or position

Symbol an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance Located situated in a particular spot or position

Architect someone who creates plans to be used in making something (such as buildings)

Project a planned undertaking

Sculpture a three-dimensional work of plastic art

Birthplace where something originated or was nurtured in its early existence

Civilization the quality of excellence in thought and manners and taste

Ancient very old

Opposite moving or facing away from each other

Sign agreement expressed by (or as if expressed by) signing your name

Agreement the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises

Whereabouts the general location where something is

Govern bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage,impose regulations

Head a leader in a campaign or movement

Representative a person who represents others

Parliament a legislative assembly in certain countries

Region a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth

Geographical of or relating to the science of geography

Feature a prominent attribute or aspect of something

Produce fresh fruits and vegetable grown for the market

M2

Hunger a physiological need for food,the consequence of food deprivation

Income the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

Poverty the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

Human any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage

Development a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

Index a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number Measure express as a number or measure or quantity

Goal he state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it

Expectancy something expected (as on the basis of a norm)

Position the spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated

Educate give an education to

Figure number

Household a social unit living together

Homeless poor people who unfortunately do not have a home to live in

Charity an institution set up to provide help to the needy

Crowded overfilled or compacted or concentrated

Freeway a broad highway designed for high-speed traffic

Inhabitant a person who inhabits a particular place

Similarity resembling or similar,having the same or some of the same characteristics

Unfortunate not auspicious, boding ill

Location a determination of the place where something is

Tourism the business of providing services to tourists

Transport something that serves as a means of transportation

Industrial of or relating to or resulting from industry

Polluted rendered unwholesome by contaminants and pollution

Smart elegant and stylish

Vast unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

Entertainment an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention

Exchange the act of giving something in return for something received

M3

Disaster an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

Flood the occurrence of incoming water (between a low tide and the following high tide) Hurricane a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving a 73-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale)

Lightning abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light

Thunderstorm a storm resulting from strong rising air currents,heavy rain or hail along with thunder and lightning

Tornado a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground

Column a vertical cylindrical structure standing alone and not supporting anything

Experience the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities

Cause cause to do,cause to act in a specified manner

Latitude the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself

Furniture furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy

Bury place in the earth and cover with soil

Feather the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds

Fur dense coat of fine silky hairs on mammals (e.g., cat or seal or weasel)

Occur come to pass

Tropical relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator) Equator an imaginary line around the Earth forming the great circle that is equidistant from the north

and south poles

Rotating turn on or around an axis or a center

Violent marked by extreme intensity of emotions or convictions,inclined to react violently,fervid

Wave one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

Strike an attack that is intended to seize or inflict damage on or destroy an objective

Cemetery a tract of land used for burials

Coffin box in which a corpse is buried or cremated

Ruin destruction achieved by causing something to be wrecked or ruined

Ash the residue that remains when something is burned

Erupt become active and spew forth lava and rocks

Lava rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos,lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface

Tidal of or relating to or caused by tides

V olcano a mountain formed by volcanic material

Previous coming before in time or order

Eruption the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material

Possibility a possible alternative

Earthquake shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity

Terrifying causing extreme terror

Luckily by good fortune

Thankfully let us be thankful that

Hopefully with hope,in a hopeful manner

Sadly in an unfortunate or deplorable manner

Fortunately by good fortune

Warning cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger or other unpleasantness)

Worldwide involving the entire earth,not limited or provincial in scope

Active characterized by energetic activity

Damage the act of damaging something or someone

M4

Sandstorm a windstorm that lifts up clouds of dust or sand

Frightening causing fear or dread or terror

Inland situated away from an area's coast or border

Mass formed of separate units gathered into a mass or whole

Campaign go on a campaign,go off to war

Dune a ridge of sand created by the wind,found in deserts or near lakes and oceans

Desertification the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert,is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land

Process a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states

Citizen a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

Dust free microscopic particles of solid material

Forecast a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop

Strength the property of being physically or mentally strong

Cycle ride a bicycle

Mask a protective covering worn over the face

Atmosphere the mass of air surrounding the Earth

Carbon an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond,occurs in all organic compounds

dioxide an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule

chemical material produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules environment the totality of surrounding conditions

garbage food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)

melt become or cause to become soft or liquid

pollution the act of contaminating or polluting,including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors

recycle use again after processing

coastal located on or near or bordering on a coast

concerned feeling or showing worry or solicitude

evidence (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

major greater in number or size or amount

urgent compelling immediate action

pollute make impure

complain express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

nutshell the shell around the kernel of a nut

scary provoking fear terror

absolutely totally and definitely,without question

protection the activity of protecting someone or something

M5

Equal having the same quantity, value, or measure as another

importance the quality of being important and worthy of note

philosopher a specialist in philosophy

philosophy the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics teaching the activities of educating or instructing,activities that impart knowledge or skill

thinker someone who exercises the mind (usually in an effort to reach a decision)

kindness the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

order the act of putting things in a sequential arrangement

principle a basic truth or law or assumption

position a job in an organization

stress to stress, single out as important

resign leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily

adviser an expert who gives advice

influential having or exercising influence or power

love a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

honesty the quality of being honest

justice the quality of being just or fair

bark tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants contribution act of giving in common with others for a common purpose especially to a charity

invent make up something artificial or untrue

leather an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

monk a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work soft metaphorically soft

category a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme

sutra a rule or aphorism in Sanskrit literature or a group of aphoristic doctrinal summaries prepared for memorization

inventor someone who is the first to think of or make something

argument a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal freedom he condition of being free,the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints fuel a substance that can be consumed to produce energy

condition the procedure that is varied in order to estimate a variable's effect by comparison with a control condition

M6

Bulletin a brief report (especially an official statement issued for immediate publication or broadcast) Canal long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation

Civil of or occurring within the state or between or among citizens of the state

Cliff a steep high face of rock

Dam a barrier constructed to contain the flow of water or to keep out the sea

Engineering the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems

gorge a deep ravine (usually with a river running through it)

hydro-electric of or relating to or used in the production of electricity by waterpower

reservoir lake used to store water for community use

structure a thing constructed,a complex entity constructed of many parts

terminal station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods

date the particular day, month, or year (usually according to the Gregorian calendar) that an event occurred

accommodate make (one thing) compatible with (another)

carving a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape

construction the act of constructing something

relic an antiquity that has survived from the distant past

site physical position in relation to the surroundings

Buddhist one who follows the teachings of Buddha

Generate produce (energy)

Harness control and direct with or as if by reins

Historical belonging to the past,of what is important or famous in the past

Narrow not wide

Poem a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

Submerge fill or cover completely, usually with water

Global involving the entire earth,not limited or provincial in scope

watchtower an observation tower for a lookout to watch over prisoners or watch for fires or enemies remove remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract freezing the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

ridiculous broadly or extravagantly humorous,resembling farce

enormous extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree,

observatory a building designed and equipped to observe astronomical phenomena

foggy filled or abounding with fog or mist

crash a serious accident

必修四M1

Brick rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln,used as a building or paving material Concrete a strong hard building material composed of sand and gravel and cement and water

Mud water soaked soil,soft wet earth

Alternative pertaining to unconventional choices

Crime (criminal law) an act punishable by law,usually considered an evil act

Prediction the act of predicting (as by reasoning about the future)

Risky involving risk or danger

Solar relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun

Urban located in or characteristic of a city or city life

Load fill or place a load on

Landfill a low area that has been filled in

Arrest hold back, as of a danger or an enemy,check the expansion or influence of

Criminal someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

Fire cause to go off

Limit the boundary of a specific area

Outdoors outside a building

Online connected to a computer network or accessible by computer

Catalogue a complete list of things,usually arranged systematically

Command the power or authority to command

Recreation an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates

Bowling a game in which balls are rolled at an object or group of objects with the aim of knocking them over or moving them

softball ball used in playing softball

charge the price charged for some article or service;

power supply the force or power for the functioning of

flick a light sharp contact (usually with something flexible)

switch control consisting of a mechanical or electrical or electronic device for making or breaking or changing the connections in a circuit

make a shift in or exchange of,then we switched"

surgery a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments,performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body

telesurgery yuanjulishoushu

outpatient a patient who does not reside in the hospital where he is being treated

clinic a healthcare facility for outpatient care

disability the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness attach be attached,be in contact with

M2

Trolleybus a passenger bus with an electric motor that draws power from overhead wires

Wire a metal conductor that carries electricity over a distance

Suburban relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs

Display to show, make visible or apparent

Cab a car driven by a person whose job is to take passengers where they want to go in exchange for money

permit the act of giving a formal (usually written) authorization

receipt an acknowledgment (usually tangible) that payment has been made

air-conditioned cooled by air conditioning

limit restrict or confine

destination the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey)

impressive making a strong or vivid impression

route an established line of travel or access

double-decker a vehicle carrying many passengers,used for public transport

provide give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance

convenient suited to your comfort or purpose or needs

pedal ride a bicycle

tricycle a vehicle with three wheels that is moved by foot pedals

single a one-way ticket

return a round-trip ticket

explore travel to or penetrate into

roadwork Long-distance running training

blow Blow a musical instrument

horn a brass musical instrument with a brilliant tone,has a narrow tube and a flared bell and is played by means of valves

react undergo a chemical reaction,react with another substance under certain conditions

solution a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem

mood the prevailing psychological state

M3

Communication the activity of communicating,the activity of conveying information

Communicate transmit information

Unconscious not conscious

Vary become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence

formal being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress) aggressive characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight

traditionally according to tradition,in a traditional manner

weapon any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

gesture motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling

threatening threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

deal an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each involve contain as a part

slightly in a slim or slender manner

muslim a believer in or follower of Islam

salaam a deep bow,a Muslim form of salutation

forehead the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: includes the upper part of the

orbits

bow bending the head or body or knee as a sign of reverence or submission or shame or greeting informal not formal

youth young people collectively

palm the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers

spread act of extending over a wider scope or expanse of space or time

slap hit with something flat, like a paddle or the open hand

ankle a gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus eyebrow the arch of hair above each eye

lip either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

wrist a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones

bend bend a joint

hug squeeze (someone) tightly in your arms

stare fixate one's eyes

wipe rub with a circular motion

religion an institution to express belief in a divine power

host a person who acts as host at formal occasions (makes an introductory speech and introduces other speakers)

toast a drink in honor of or to the health of a person or event

sip a small drink

blank (of a surface) not written or printed on

panic cause sudden fear in or fill with sudden panic

rude (of persons) lacking in refinement or grace

request a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

RSVP Reply,if you please

Favour an act of gracious kindness

Live On the spot

Performance the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment

Performer an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience

Classical of or pertaining to or characteristic of the ancient Greek and Roman cultures

Applause a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together

Judgement the act of judging or assessing a person or situation or event

Prolong lengthen in time,cause to be or last longer

Equality a state of being essentially equal or equivalent,equally balanced

Handclap a clap of the hands to indicate approval

Social relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society

Infectious of or relating to infection

Funeral a ceremony at which a dead person is buried or cremated

M4

Biochemistry the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms,the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry

Biology the science that studies living organisms

Botany the branch of biology that studies plants

Genetics the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms

Zoology the branch of biology that studies animals

Staple necessary or important, especially regarding food or commodities

Producer someone who manufactures something

Leading going or proceeding or going in advance,showing the way

Figure alternative names for the body of a human being

Educate give an education to

Nickname a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)

Agriculture a large-scale farming enterprise

Breeding the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior)

Species (biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

Yield an amount of a product

Original being or productive of something fresh and unusual,or being as first made or thought of Publish have (one's written work) issued for publication

Sterile infertile

Breakthrough making an important discovery

Support something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest

Production the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)

Convert exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category

Export sell or transfer abroad

Hybrid (genetics) an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock,especially offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties or breeds or species Agricultural relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming

Replace substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)

Quantity how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

best-seller a book that has had a large and rapid sale

cosmology the branch of astrophysics that studies the origin and evolution and structure of the universe diagnose determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis victim an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

brilliant having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence

career the general progression of your working or professional life

brief concise and succinct

partly in part,in some degree,not wholly

physical characterized by energetic bodily activity

graduate receive an academic degree upon completion of one's studies

personal particular to a given individual

relativity (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts rocket a jet engine containing its own propellant and driven by reaction propulsion

millennium a span of 1000 years

gunpowder a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks

explosion the act of exploding or bursting

explode burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction

escape issue or leak, as from a small opening

arrow a projectile with a straight thin shaft and an arrowhead on one end and stabilizing vanes on the other,intended to be shot from a bow

straight without curves

clear make clear, bright, light, or translucent

M5

Cave a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

peak the top or extreme point of something (usually a mountain or hill)

plain extensive tract of level open land

plateau a relatively flat highland

shore the land along the edge of a body of water

slope an elevated geological formation

valley a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

wood the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

flat having a relatively broad surface in relation to depth or thickness

surround extend on all sides of simultaneously,encircle

colleague a person who is member of one's class or profession

downstream away from the source or with the current

goods articles of commerce

trade do business,offer for sale as for one's livelihood

temple place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

dock v. landing in a harbor next to a pier where ships are loaded and unloaded or repaired,may have gates to let water in or out

n. come into dock

hilly having hills and crags

raft a flat float (usually made of logs or planks) that can be used for transport or as a platform for swimmers

narrow make or become more narrow or restricted

detour a roundabout road (especially one that is used temporarily while a main route is blocked) legend a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

deck any of various platforms built into a vessel

distant located far away spatially

exploit draw from,make good use of

cruise an ocean trip taken for pleasure

cabin small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

forbid command against

lounge a room (as in a hotel or airport) with seating where people can wait

mountainous containing many mountains

immense unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

fertile fecund

remote located far away spatially

steep of a slope,set at a high angle

varied widely different

spot a point located with respect to surface features of some region;

view outward appearance

pin a small slender (often pointed) piece of wood or metal used to support or fasten or attach things naturally according to nature,by natural means,without artificial help

torch a small portable battery-powered electric lamp

M6

Monster an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

Attack begin to injure

Footprint a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface

Hairy having or covered with hair

Frightening causing fear or dread or terror

Creature a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

Grey a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

Claw a grasping structure on the limb of a crustacean or other arthropods

Exist have an existence, be extant

Sharp having or made by a thin edge or sharp point,suitable for cutting or piercing

Nail horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits

Journal a periodical dedicated to a particular subject

Sighting the act of observing

Seal any of numerous marine mammals that come on shore to breed,chiefly of cold regions Mysterious having an import not apparent to the senses nor obvious to the intelligence,beyond ordinary understanding

claim assert or affirm strongly,state to be true or existing

surface the outermost level of the land or sea

horn one of the bony outgrowths on the heads of certain ungulates

dive swim under water

calm not agitated,without losing self-possession

skeptical marked by or given to doubt

unlikely not likely to be true or to occur or to have occurred

volcanic relating to or produced by or consisting of volcanoes

cover a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something

adapt make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

disappear cease to exist

extinct no longer in existence,lost or especially having died out leaving no living representatives evolve undergo development or evolution

fierce marked by extreme and violent energy

destruction the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

generous willing to give and share unstintingly

unpredictable unknown in advance

emperor the male ruler of an empire

robe outerwear consisting of a long flowing garment used for official or ceremonial occasions reputation the general estimation that the public has for a person

border the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary

positive characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.

indicate be a signal for or a symptom of

identity the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known

myth a traditional story accepted as history,serves to explain the world view of a people

fortune a large amount of wealth or prosperity