2017广州版八年级上册英语Unit7课内重点及语法

第十三讲

Unit7

◆知识探究

Step one Reading & Listening讲解

1.When we make new memories, we lose old ones.

当我们形成新的记忆时，就会推动旧的记忆。

lose(lost, lost)及物动词，―失去，丢失‖。可指因事故或过失失去原有的东西，也可指人陷入深思中。

I can’t write to Mr Green because I have lost his address.

2.Because they enjoy learning about memory. 因为他们喜欢了解记忆力。enjoy及物动词，―享......之乐，欣赏，喜欢‖，后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。Enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

Many people enjoy traveling during holidays.

【拓展】enjoy后接反身代词，反射代词就应在人称和数上与enjoy的主语保持一致，enjoy oneself与hav a good time和have fun同义，―玩得开心‖。

Did you enjoy yourselves at the party last night?

= Did you have a good time / have fun at the party last night?

3.Because they want to help students improve their memory.

因为他们想帮助学生提高记忆力。

because连词,―因为‖，其后接从句，陈述原因或理由，用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句。

-- Why isn’t Li Ping here?

-- Because he is ill.

注意：because 从属连词，引导原因状语从句，在英语中because 和so不能同时出现在一个句子中，只能用其一，与汉语表达不同。有类似用法的还有although(though)与but，它们也不能同时出现在一个句子中。

辨析：because与because of

4.To write it down. 把它写下来。

write down 写下，记下，是动副短语，如果名词作宾语，一般位于write down 之后中，也可位于writh和down 之间；如果代词作宾语，必须位于writh和down 之间。

Please write down these new words.

The word is important. Please write it down.

5.A great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind.

帮你记住某件事的一种有效方法就是在大脑里想像出它的一副画面。

(1)动词不定式短语to help you remember somthing作定语，修饰名词短语a great way; 动词不定式

to imagine a picture of it in your mind作表语。

I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要做。(动词不定式作定语) He had no chance to go to school thoese years. 那些年，他没有机会上学。（动词不定作定语）

His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。（动词不定式作表语）

（2）help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人 help oneself （to）请自便

with the help of 在......方面帮助某人can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事

（3）imagine 想象 +名词、动名词、从句

e.g.We can’t imagine life without any hardships.

---Do you know Neil Armstrong?---Yes. He is the first man_______on the moon.

A.walk

B.walks

C.to walk

D.walked

6. If you make the picture big, strange or silly，you will remember it better.

如果你把这幅图画想象地很大、很奇怪，或是很愚蠢，你将会更好地将它记住。

（1）if 引导的条件状语从句，条件状语从句中的动词多用一般现在时，主句中的动词多用一般将来时，即主将从现原则.

I shall go if she asks me.

（2）make +sth.+adj. 形容词作宾语补足语 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事（3）remember to do sth.记得去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

7. This makes it the longest word in the world.

当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为―动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)‖。

如： I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。

8.Remember ：a picture is worth a thousand words.记住：一副图画，值1000个单词。

be worth +V. ing 值得......的

e.g. This house is worth a lot of money.

The film is worth seeing.

翻译：这个茶杯值30元。____________________________________

9.A good method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make a short sentence with each other of the word.

（1）a method for+ doing sth. 一个做......的方法

（2）不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；

①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.

②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.

③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.

当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）。

当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例②）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例③），不定式说明主语的内容。

10..For example, to remember the word―smiles‖, we can imagine there is a ―mile‖between the first letter and the last letter.

（1）between...and...两者之间。（2）to=in order to 表目的―为了‖

11.For example, if you want to remember how to spell the word‖because‖,......

疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语）

②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语）

③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做直接宾语）

④The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语）

以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。

如：①When we shall leave…③…how I could learn……

经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：

consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand, wonder等。

12.You will forget something very quickly unless you understand it well.

如果你没有理解的话，你很快就会忘记它。

（1）unless= if ...not 引导条件状语从句―如果不；除非‖，也要遵循―主将从现‖原则

e.g.Unless he studied hard, he will never pass the exams.

（2）forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做了某事

Sorry,I forgot to bring the book.(对不起，我忘了带书了。)

I forgot borrowing a book from you.（我忘记曾经向你借过书这件事）

（3）forget quickly , understand well 副词修饰动词

13.It’s easier to remember these steps if you understand how the water cycle works.

动词不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，而往往将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后。

如： It's not easy to learn a foreign language well. (=To learn a foreign language well is not easy.)

学好一门外语不容易。

在此句型中，如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个

for 引起的短语，作不定式的逻辑主语。

如： It's difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。

It's hard for me to answer your question. 要我回答你的问题很难。

但是，如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite 等描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加一个of 引起的短语。如：

It's very kind of you to help me.你能帮我，真好。

14.How to scientists think about that sound similiar? 科学家对发音相似的单词是怎样认为呢？

（1）sound此处作连系动词，‖听起来―，其后通常接形容词作表语，常见短语：sound like听起来像，后跟名词

The music sounds very nice. 这音乐听起来十分悦耳。

Paris sounds like a city that I like. 巴黎听起来像是我喜欢的城市。

(2)similiar 相似的，类似的，常见短语be similiar to与......相似

We have similiar opinions. 我们有着类似的观点。

Mary’s hat is similiar to Jane’s. 玛丽的帖子和简的差不多。

【随堂练】

一、根据句意和括号里的提示完成句子。

1.I__________(lose)my ruler yesterday.

2. It made me _____________(想起)my own visit toBeijing.

3. Reading a lot can___________(提高)your English.

4.Han Liang doesn’t do well in English. His__________(拼写)is bad.

5. The book is worth_____________(读).

二、单项选择

1. Our team lost____________ the team from No. 6Middle School.

A. on

B.at

C.in

D.to

2. I___________, so I didn’t know where I was.

A. lost

B.was lost

C.lose

D.am lost

3. Please remember___________the candles when youleave.

A. to blow off

B. blowing out

C. to turn out

D. to blow out

4. Don’t forget___________the window.

A. close

B.to close

C. closing

D. closed

5.—We can use this special pen to record or takepictures.

—Really? Will you please show me____________it?

A. how to use

B. what to use

C. why to use

6. -- How do you like Yi Yundi? -- A cool guy! His music _________ really beautiful.

A. tastes

B. sounds

C. smells

D. Looks

7. -- Can you tell me the differences between these two pictures?

-- Differences? Oh, no. The look quite ______.

A.different

B. similiar

C. strange

D. Interesting

8. If you ______ your name on the paper, you can get a magazine.

A.cut down

B. look down

C. turn down

D. write down

三、完成句子

1.除非政府同意另外给钱，否则这家剧院就得关门了。

_________the government___________extra money, the theatre will have to close.

2. 你知道如何让我们的环境更干净吗？

Do you know___________ __________ __________environment___________? 3. 他应该停止戴那个傻傻的耳环，

He should stop to_________ __________ __________ __________?

4. 我希望你的身体状况得到改善。

I hope you will__________ __________health.

5. 不要忘记喂鸟.

__________ _________ __________feed the bird.

四、阅读理解

Do you love the holidays, but hate the increase (增加) in weight（体重）that follows? You are not alone.

Holidays are happy days with pleasure anddelicious foods. But many people are worried aboutthe weight that comes with these delicious foods.With proper (合适的) planning, it is possible tocontrol your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidaysbut not to eat too much. You don’t have to turn awayfrom the foods that you enjoy. The following advicemay be of some help to you.

Do not miss meals. Before you leave home for aparty, have a small, low-fat meal or fast food. Thismay help you to keep you from getting too excitedbefore the delicious foods.

Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. Alarge glass of water before you eat may help you feelfull. Use a small plate; a large plate may make youeat more than enough.

Better not have high-fat foods. Choose lean (脂肪少的) meats. Fill your plate with salad and greenvegetables.

If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) andfruits. They do not have fat like cream and

chocolate.

Don’t let exercise take a break during theholidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help youburn off excess calories (多余的热量).

1. Holidays are happy days with pleasure but theymay__________.

A. bring weight problems

B. bring you much trouble in your life

C. make you worried about your life

D. make you hate delicious foods

2. Enjoy your holidays without putting on weight,and you’d better_________.

A. drink much water and have vegetables only

B. not eat much food in high fat

C. not take part in the parties

D. turn away from delicious foods

3. According to the passage,_________is a necessarypart to stop you from putting in weight.

A. vegetables

B. water

C. salad

D. taking exercise

4. Many people can’t help putting on weight after theholidays because they_______.

A. can’t control themselves

B. go to too many parties

C. enjoy delicious foods

D. can’t help turning away from the foods

5. Excess calories can be found in your body in theform of (以…的形式)__________.

A. energy

B.fat

C. food

D. water

Step Two Speaking ＆Writing

【随堂练】

一、单项选择

1.–Don’t forget ________ your homework, John. -- OK. I’ll do it right now.

A. doing

B. do

C. to do

2. I practice spoken English with foreigners in order to ________ my listening.

A. involve

B. improve

C. increase

D. control

3. This maths problem is too difficult. Can you show me ________, George?

A. what to work out

B. to work it out

C. how to work it out

D. how to work out it

4. The book is well worth ________. I plan _________ one.

A. read; to buy

B. reading; buying

C. reading; to buy

5. __________you don’t leave now, you’ll be late for school.

A. Whether

B. Unless

C. If

D. When

6. You won’t feel happy at school _________ you get on well with your classmates.

A. though

B. when

C. unless

D. because

7. We have a lot of trouble __________ to the top of the hill before eight o’clock.

A. get

B. to get

C. got

D. getting

8. I like drinks _______ tea and pop.

A. for example

B. such as

C. like

D. B and C

二、阅读理解

Jack is a clerk of a bookstore. Here is the note from his boss. Ben. Jack has to decide what books to order according to the following note and the descriptions of the books.

Hi, Jack,

You must hand in the order list of books to me by the first working day of every month. The rules for choosing books are:

For textbooks:

●August is coming. We must choose all textbooks, without thinking of other rules.

For books which are not textbooks:

●If more than five copies of books were sold last month, we choose them. But if there are five copies or more in stock（现货）, we do not make an order.

●If the wholesale（批发）prices of the books are higher than $75, we do not choose them. And we do not order anything whose retail (零售) price is higher than $100. Ben

1.( ) Jack much hand in the order list to his boss by ___________.

A. the first day of last August

B. the last working day of this month

C. the last day of next Auguse

D. the first working day of each month

2. ( )If Jack wants to buy the books about success, he should order them form ________.

A. Homeland Ltd

B. Founders Company Ltd

C. Oscar World Ltd

D. New Times Publisher Ltd

3. ( )The whole price of the book ___________ is over $ 100.

A. homeland English

B. good Health in 20 Days

C. biology at a Glance

D. how to become successful

4. ( )The number of the books sold best last month is ___________________.

A. 3

B. 10

C. 18

D. 20

5. ( ) Jack can’t buy Good Health in 20 Days because ___________.

A. it is not a school textbook

B. its wholesale price is too high

C. the copies in stock are more than 5

D. the copies sold last month are over 5

Step three-More Practice 讲解

【随堂练】

一、根据句意及提示完成句子

1. The photos made her __________(remember) his visit to Sydney.

2. The little girl gets _______(lose).

3. Work hard________(improve) your English.

4. I know Peter can improve his _________(spell).

5. His m________(大脑)encourage me all the time.

6. –What do you think Lily’s idea?

--I think it’s _________(傻傻的). That doesn’t help me.

7. Jim is doing his homework. Let me clean the house ________(代替)of him.

8. Yancheng Science and Technology Museum, opened in May, is a wonderful place for children. It is well w______ visiting.

二、单项选择

( ) 1. lf it __________rain this weekend, we'll have a picnic.

A. doesn't

B. didn't

C. won't

D. wouldn't

( ) 2. Jack is bored. Please tell him __________ to make him cheerful.

A. interesting thing

B. thing interesting

C. interesting something

D. something interesting

（）3. To tell you the truth, I don't know____________money from the ATM.

A. how to take out

B. how take in

C. what to take out

D. what take in

（）4. I have trouble __________the English teacher. He speaks too fast.

A. understand

B. to understand

C. understanding

D. to understand ( ) 5 David's memory is________than mine.

A. good

B. better

C. best D, the best

( ) 6 I won't lend you my car _________ you promise to return it before 12:00.

A. if

B. unless

C. so

D. but

( ) 7 How many methods does the article ________to improve our memory?

A. punish

B. control

C. mention

D. invent

( ) 8 Many old memories _________of my mind when I saw those photos.

A. took out

B. put out

C. died out

D. poured out

( ) 9 Wood____if you _____it into water.

A. floats; put

B. will float; will put

C. floats; will put

D. will float; put

( ) 10 Mo Yan is a famous writer. His books are worth_________.

A. read

B. reading

C. to read

D. to reading

三、完成句子

1.你真傻，不肯原谅别人的错误。

_________ ________ _________ ________not to forgive others for their mistakes.

2. 她逐步地学会了说英语。

She learnt to speak English __________ _________ _________.

3. 丹尼在中国的风俗习惯方面有些麻烦。

Danny __________ ________ _________ Chinese customs.

4. 除非你努力学习，否则你的英语考试将不及格。(unless)

You’ll fail in your English exam _______ _________ ________ ________. 5. 除非你有地图，否则你很容易迷路。

_______ ________ ________ ________ ________, you will get lost easily.

四、阅读理解

Look at the instructions on the bottle of the medicine and then choose the right answers. John is twelve years old. He had a bad cold and coughed day and night. He went to see a doctor. The doctor gave him some cough medicine.

Cough Medicine

Shake(摇动) it well before use. Take it three times each day before meals.

Dose(药量):

Age: over 14,2 teaspoonfuls (勺)

8 - 13,1 teaspoonful

4 - 7,1/2 teaspoonful

Not right for children below the age of three. Put it in a cold place. Use it before December 1 st,

2003.

1. John should take _____ a day.

A. 2 teaspoonfuls

B. 3 teaspoonfuls

C. 4 teaspoonfuls

D. I teaspoonful

2. Tile medicine should be kept in __.

A. a fridge

B. hot water

C. any place

D. the sun

3. John should ___ before he takes it

A. shake the medicine well

B. eat nothing

C. do some exercise

D. drink a cup of tea

4. When people are __ years old, they cannot take this medicine,

A. eighty

B. thirty

C. two

D. twelve

5. John will ____ the medicine Mien it is left after Dec. 1st ,2003.

A. throw away

B. stop to take

C. take once

D. take six times more

第十四讲

Grammar

A.If 引导的条件状语从句（2）

在if引导的条件状语从句当中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事情及其产生的相关结果，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

If he comes to the party,everyone will be happy.

如果他来参加聚会，大家都会很开心的。

He will help you, if you ask him.

如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。

如果if条件句谈论的是一种真理或者客观事实时，主句和从句均使用一般现在时。

如：If you take a fish out of water,it dies.

如果你让鱼儿离开水，它就会死。

The room becomes dark if you turn off the lamp.

如果你关灯，房间里就一片漆黑。

If …not…与unless

Unless=if …not除非；如果不

如：除非你现在出发，否则你就不能及时赶到那儿。

Unless you start right now,you will not get there in time.

If you don’t start right now,you will not get there in time.

You will not get there in time unless you start right now.

You will not get there in time if you don’t start rig ht now.

说明：if或unless引导的条件状语从句位置灵活，可放于句首，也可位于主句的后面。当if或unless从句位于句首时，后面通常加逗号和主句隔开。

（2013年中考）

we continue making too much rubbish, the problem will not only get worse.

A. When

B. Whether

C.Why

D.If

you go to bed earlier at night,you won’t

in the morning.

(2010年中考)

如果你早点睡，早上就不会感到疲惫。

We won’t go out if it tonight.

随堂练：

一、单项选择

1.If you to join an educational exchange, you must apply for it first.

A.rain

B. will rain

C. is raining

D.rains

2.In hot water,food goes bad easily it is kept in the fridge.

A.want

B.wanted

C. wants

D.wanting

3.---Great news ! The Backstreet Boys will come to our city next week. ---Really? they come,my brother will be very happy.

A. Unless

B.If

C. Before

D.So

5.---May I play the computer game?

---No, you promise to finish your homework first.

A. unless

B.if

C. but

D.so

6.They the Great Wall unless it .

A.will visit,will rain

B. will visit.rains

C. visit.will rain

D.visit,rains

7.---You won’t pass the quiz you don’t study hard for it.

---OK.I’ll try my best.

A.and

B.unless

C.if

D.but

8.You won’t learn Maths well you work hard.

A.since

B.unless

C.if

D.because

9.If I find your dog,I you a call.

A.give

B. gave

C. giving

D.will give

10.Mr Brown will come to party if he too busy tomorrow.

A.is

B.isn’t

C.will be

D.won’ t be

二、用括号内所给的词的适当形式填空

1.If he (come )tonight,he will meet you at the party.

2.If the weather (get) worse,we will have to stay inside?

3.If the rain (stop)soon,will you go to the cinema with me?

4.I (buy) a new mobile phone if I (have)enough money.

5.If you (drop)a glass,it (break).

三、根据句意，用if或unless连接句子

They won’t understand you.You speak too fast.

She won’t play the piano well.She keeps on practising it every day.

I’m free this weekend.I’ll go to the library.

A dog barks.It is angry.

You take a fish out of water.It dies.

巩固练习

一、单项选择

is important to study English well.

A. This

B. That

C.It

D.What

Do you knowyour memory?

A. how improve

B. how to improve

C.what improve

D.what to improve you go to bed early at night,you won’t feel tired in the morning.

A.If

B. Unless

C.So

D.Before

You can tryto exercise your brain.

A.new something

B. something new

C.new thing

D.thing new

Your mother will be happy if youin your study.

A.succeed

B. succeeded

C.succeeding

D.succeeds

二、单词拼写

1.---How can I i my memory?

---You should exercise your brain, live a heathy life and stay relaxed.

2. I’ve lost my w ,so I can’t buy you anything now.

3 - How do you go to work?

- I t _______a bus.

4 If you want to keep fit, you should have a h ______diet

5 Look! We've already picked a b_____of apples

三、完成句子。

1我的爷爷奶奶在乡下过着宁静的生活。

My grandparents__________ _________quiet________in the countryside.

2你需要放慢脚步，享受生活。

You need to________ ________

and enjoy your life

3如果你试着玩一下这个游戏，你会喜欢上它的。

you try this game, you________ ________it

4为了改善生活，他们来到了这座大城市。

_________ _________their life, they came to the big city

5锻炼大脑是很重要的。

__________ ________important_________ ________your brain.

四、单项选择：

( )1. lf it __________rain this weekend, we'll have a picnic.

A. doesn't

B. didn't

C. won't

D. wouldn't

( )2.Jack is bored. Please tell him __________ to make him cheerful.

A. interesting thing

B. thing interesting

C. interesting something .

D. something interesting

( )3.To tell you the truth, I don't know____________money from the ATM.

A. how to take out

B. how take in

C. what to take out

D. what take in

( ) 4.I have trouble __________the English teacher. He speaks too fast.

A. understand

B. to understand

C. understanding

D. to understand ( ) 5 David's memory is________than mine.

A. good

B. better

C. best D, the best

( ) 6 I won't lend you my car _________ you promise to return it before 12:00.

A. if

B. unless

C. so

D. but

( ) 7 How many methods does the article ________to improve our memory?

A. punish

B. control

C. mention

D. invent

( ) 8 Many old memories _________of my mind when I saw those photos.

A. took out

B. put out

C. died out

D. poured out

) 9 Wood____if you _____it into water.

A. floats; put

B. will float; will put

C. floats; will put

D. will float; put

) 10 Mo Yan is a famous writer. His books are worth_________

A. read

B. reading

C. to read

D. to reading