2011.12英语四级全真预测试卷及答案

2011.12英语四级全真预测试卷及答案01-写作

partI Writing (30 minute)

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their fectures.Y ou should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:

1.有些大学允许学生自任课教师

2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素

3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题

On Students Selecting Lecturers

范文：

On Students Choosing Lecturers

Nowadays, some universities give students the right to choose who teaches some of their classes.

This has led to some debate over whether given this much power.

There are several factors that students consider when choosing a lecturer, including the teaching style of the lecturer, the lecturer’s academic background, and the lecturer’s reputation among students. The ideal lecturer is one who has an interesting teaching style, a diverse academic background, and a good reputation among students.

There are both positive and negative aspects to allowing students to choose their lecturers. Giving

students the choice encourages them to take ownership for their puts pressure on teachers to improve their teaching quality.

However, the factors that students consider might not be the ones that lead to the highest quality of education. Schools might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes without much content.

Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minute)

Directions: In this part,you will have 15 minute to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1

For questions 1-7,mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N(for NO) if statement cintradicts the information given in the passage;

NG(for NOT CIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

for question 8-10 ,complete the sentenced with the information given in the passage.

Highway

A goverment study recommended a national highway systerm of33,920 miles,and congress passed the Federcal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict,centrakky controlled desert criterra. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To bulid its 44,000-mile web of

highways,bridge.and tunnels hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out.Consider the many geographic ,features of the country:mountains,steep grades,wetlands,rivers,desorts and plains.V ariables included the slope of the land,the ability of the pavement to support the load.Innovative, designs of roadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country ,forever altering the face of American .

Long-span,segmented-concrete,cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida,and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and Mr.bakerin Washington developed under the nation’s physical challenges,Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed uder the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world,ang were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.

Today .the interstate system links every major city in the U.S,and the U.S with Canada and Mexico,Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders,dividing medians,or barriers,long entry and exit lanes,ourves engineered for safe turns,and limited access,The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million

passenger 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)

By opening the North American continent,highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs,access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cutural progreams health care ,and other benefits.Above all,the interstate system provides individuals with what they enerish most:personal freedom of mobility.

The interstate system element of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation:more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck.and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehiole.

Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes,it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels,restaurants,and shopping centres.It has allower the rwlocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.

By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads ,residential streets,expressways,and freeways built to support millions of vehicles,The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vison and leadership.The year construction began he said:"Together,the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States.Without them ,we would be a mere alliance of many sepaeate parts."

8.The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________

9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________

10.The interterstate systerm was renamed afterEisenhower in recognition_____________

参考答案：1.Y N NG 2. Y N NG 3.Y NO NG 5. Y N NG 6.Y N NG 7.Y N NG

参考答案：08. personal freedom of mobility

参考答案：09. 75 percent

参考答案：10. his vision and leadership

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Y ou are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Y ou may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . Y ou may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingl y, you don’t have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.

Y ou body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.

Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.

Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.

Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.

Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.

[A] positive [B] additional [C] duration [D] effective [E] shed [F] physical [G] food

[H] functions [I] participated [J] rely [K] cut [L] repeatedly [M] uses

Section B

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.

For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.

A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: "Y ou do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added, " Y ou have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given you best effort."

57. In the first paragraph, the author implies that ________ are essential in achieving success.

[A] ability and goals [C] ability and environment

[B] goals and determination [D] goals and environment

58. The word "frugal" (Line 2, Para. 2) means ________.

[A] wealthy [C] thrifty [B] wasteful [D] miserable

59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ________.

[A] their life is miserable [C] their goals are too low

[B] they do not live in peace [D] they are not rich enough by their own standards.

60. The last paragraph implies that ________.

[A] we should have high goals [C] success means taking a walk in the park

[B] success means achieving great goals [D] success means trying one’s best at what one really likes

61. This passage mainly talks about ________.

[A] the definition of success [C] how to set goals

[B] how to achieve success [D] the importance of goals

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.

When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellite into high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space Technology, "I realized the real market is in space tourism."

According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by 2005. This may sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit—with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary—already costs and astronomical $2,200/kg. And that doesn’t include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious(爱打官司的)passengers. The entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the spacetourism market has between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket".

The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that’s inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space’s prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in California has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal A viation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can’t be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.

62. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

[A] Take V acations in Space [C] Flight Travels

[B] Building Hotels in Space [D] Cost of Space Traveling

63. The phrase "bread-and-butter business" (Line 1, Pare.1) most probably means ________.

[A] a business to sell bread and butter [C] the business to make a living

[B] a business to produce bread and butter [D] a traveling agency

64. How much is the 2-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?

[A] $1 million. [B] $10,000. [C] $98,000 [D] $22,000

65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

[A] The biggest hurdle for the space-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.

[B] The entrepreneurs trying to explore the space-tourism have plenty of money.

[C] The government has little interests in this project.

[D] The first passenger countdowns are within a few years.

66. tone in the last sentence of the passage?

[A] Objective. [C] Approving. [B] Ironical. [D] Enthusiastic.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

47. E 该空需填入动词原形，结合原意“和大多数美国人一梯状，你(的体重)可能也有几磅需要________”可知，E(去除)最符合文意。

48. F 结合常识和下文可知，F最符合文意。

49. A结合句意“令人惊奇的是，为了看到长期________效果你不必节食或常去健身馆”，可知空格处需填一形容词，初选后留下A、D。由于下文只是讲到运动会帮助减肥，但并未说明它的效果明显，所以此处宜选用意思上更宽泛的positive(正面的，有效的)。

50. H 下文举例的breathing, blood circulation and digestion都是人体的基本功能，且其后的functioning已给出了提示，故H最符合文意。

51. B 该空需填入形容词，结合常识和句意“任何时候只要你活动，你都需要________能量”来看选项，B(额外的)符合文意。

52. C 该句句意为“采用这两种能量消耗来源中的哪一种取决于你活动的强度和________”，结合下文提到的...low to moderately intense and of long duration...可知C最符合文意。

53. J 结合句意“(活动的)强度越低，身体越________于脂肪作为其燃料”，该空应填入能和on搭配的动词，J最符合文意。

54. D 结合常识可知，有氧运动是最有效的减肥方式，选项中D最符合文意。

55. L 该空需填入副词，选项中只有L和N可作副词，由下文提到的walking, running, swimming, dancing, and jumping等可推知在这些有氧运动中四肢的活动是反复的，故排除N。

56. I 该空需填入动词的过去分词，结合句意“如果你已经________高强度、爆发性的运动，你会燃烧更多的脂肪”可知I最符合文意。

Section B

Passage One

57. C 推断题。由文章第一段最后一句可知，由于我们每个人天生的能力和后天成长的环境不同，所以我们对成功的定义很泛，由此可以推断，作者认为能力和环境是获得成功的基本条件，故选C。

58. C 语义题。结合文章第二段第二句中的poor shepherd(贫穷的牧羊人)和选项可以推断，C(节约的)正确，thrifty意为“节俭的，朴素的”;wealthy(富有的)，wasteful(浪费的)，miserable(悲惨的)均排除。

59. D 细节题。文章第二段倒数第二句指出，有的人已经很富有了却认为自己不成功是因为他们是根据自己的目标判断成功与否的，所以D正确。

60. D 推断题。文章最后一句指出，在没有尽全力做自己喜欢的事而失败之前，失败都不算真正的失败，由此推断，文章最后一段暗示，成功就是尽全力做自己喜欢的事情，所以D

正确。

61. A主旨题。本文第一句是全文的主题句，即每个人对成功的定义都不同，在接下来的几段中作者从不同角度定义了成功，所以A正确。

Passage Two

62. A主旨题。通读全文可知，文章讨论的是太空旅游业的可行性，所以A正确。其他三项均没有全面概括文章大意。

63. C 语义题。文章第一段首句指出，“麦克开始倒立自己的太空旅行社时，他构想他的________将能把人造卫星送上地球轨道”。A(卖面包和黄油的生意)，B(生产面包和黄油的生意)，C(谋生生意)，D(旅游中介)四个选项中，C最符合题意。bread-and-butter意为“实用的，生计的”。

64. C 细节题。文章第二段第二句指出，公司收取了130多份定金，费用是两小时98，000美元，所以C正确。

65. C 推断题。文章第三段提到，太空旅行最大的困难是资金问题，美国政府对此没什么兴趣，所以C正确;A(计划的最大困难是生命维持系统问题)，B(开发此市场的企业家们有足够的资金)，D(首次航行在几年内就可实现)，均与原文不符，故排除。

66. B 观点态度题。根据上下文可知，作者认为实现太空旅行还很遥远，而有人却已经开始制定规划了，作者的话语中(that galaxy far, far away)含有讽刺意味，所以B正确;A(客观的)，C(赞同的)、D(热衷的)均不正确。

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. Y ou should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answ er Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 67 over the centuries. During the 1950s especially, increased attention has been devoted to 68 and describing the reading process. 69 specialists agree that reading 70 a complex organization of higher mental 71 , they disagree 72 the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 73 reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand 74 .

These authorities 75 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 76 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 77 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 78 to some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 79 reads.

Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 80 . By some experts they would not be 81 as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most 82 and satisfactory

definition, readin g is the ability to 83 the soundsymbols’ code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 84 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 85 widely and enthusiastically. 86 short, reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

67. [A] substantively [B] substantially [C] substitutively [D] subjectively

68. [A] distributing [B] promoting [C] defining [D] reporting0

69. [A] Although [B] If [C] Unless [D] Until

70. [A] involves [B] takes [C] reveals [D] invites

71. [A] opinions [B] effects [C] manners [D] functions

72. [A] of [B] about [C] for [D] into

73. [A] view [B] look [C] reassure [D] agree

74. [A] by [B] to [C] off [D] for

75. [A] content [B] contend [C] contempt [D] contact

76. [A] inexplicably [B] inexpressibly [C] inextricably [D] inexpediently

77. [A] interpreting [B] telling [C] explaining [D] reading

78. [A] like [B] for [C] according [D] as

79. [A] totally [B] usually [C] mainly [D] actually

80. [A] part [B] entirety [C] chapter [D] section

81. [A] claimed [B] said [C] classified [D] graded

82. [A] inclusive [B] inclinable [C] conclusive [D] complicated

83. [A] break [B] elaborate [C] define [D] unlock

84. [A] purposes [B] degrees [C] stages [D] steps

85. [A] such [B] so as [C] so [D] such as

86. [A] By [B] In [C] On [D] To

【参考答案】

67. B 词义辨析题。subjectively意为“实质地”，substantially意为“充分地，很多地”，substitutively意为“可替代地”，subjectively意为“主观地”。本句的意思是“经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经________改变了。”选项B与句意最符。

68. C 介词用法题。本句中的to是介词，应该接名词或动名词。结合其后and describing the reading process可知，应选C。

69. A词义辨析题。两个分句的谓语分别是agree和disagree，由此可知，这两个分句应为转折关系，故选A。

70. A词义辨析题。involve意为“卷入，包括”，take意为“拿走，获得”，reveal意为“显示，揭露”，invite意为“邀请”，结合句意“专家们认为阅读________更高的、更复杂的智力活动”，A最符合。

71. D 词义辨析题。mental function意为“智力活动”，故选D。opinion意为“意见”，manner

意为“行为”，effect意为“影响”，这三项与mental搭配均不符合句意，故排除。

72. B 惯用搭配题。disagree about/on意为“对……有不同意见”，故选B。

73. A惯用搭配题。view...as是惯用搭配，意为“把……看做”，故选A。look是不及物动词，如需使用，应用look at。

74. D 惯用搭配题。stand for意为“代表”，stand by意为“支持”，stand to意为“遵守”，stand off 意为“疏远”，结合句意可知，D正确。

75. B 词义辨析题。content意为“内容”，contend意为“争论，主张”，contemp意为“轻视”，contact意为“接触”，结合句意可知，B正确。

76. A词义辨析题。inexplicably意为“无法解释地”，inexpressibly意为“说不出地”，inextricably 意为“解决不了地”，inexpediently意为“不明智地”，结合句意可知，A正确。

77. A词义辨析题。本句意为“一个孩子能读出声而不________所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读。”故选A(了解，理解)。explain意为“解释”，真正的阅读并不需要去解释什么，而是要理解所读材料的意思。

78. C 词义辨析题。some在句中指代与authorities持不同观点的人，空格与后面的to some 共同构成插入语，according to为固定搭配，该插入语意为“根据有些人的观点”，故选C。

79. D 词义辨析题。totally意为“完全地”，usually意为“通常”，mainly意为“大体地”，均不符合句意，排除。actually意为“实际上”，下一句对其进行了反向解释，即有阅读能力的许多成年人，并未全面读过一本书。言外之意，他们实际上不算读者，故选D。

80. B 词义辨析题。part意为“部分，零件”，entirety意为“整体”，chapter意为“章”，section 意为“部分，节”，in its entirety意为“整体地，全面地”，由此可知B正确。

81. C 词义辨析题。be classified as意为“被划分，被分类到”，符合句意，故选C。

82. C 词义辨析题。conclusive意为“确定的”，the most conclusive是其最高级，指最确定的，故选C。inclusive意为“包括的，包围的”，inclinable意为“倾向于，赞成的”，complicated 意为“复杂的”，均不符合句意。

83. D 词义辨析题。unlock意为“解开，破译”，符合句意，故选D。break意为“破裂”，elaborate 意为“详细说明”，define意为“解释”，均不符合句意。

84. A词义辨析题。由句意“为了不同的________而对意思进行解释”，可知A正确。for various purposes意为“出于各种各样的原因”。

85. C 词义辨析题。so用在do之后代表上文提到的具体动作，以避免重复，故选C。

86. B 惯用搭配题。结合上下文可知，此处要做总结，四个选项中只有B能和short构成短语in short(总之)。

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87. The circulation figures have risen ________________________ (自从我们在头版上采用了彩色照片后).

88. I believe in the theory that ________________________(高等动物是由低等动物发展而来的).

89. _______________________(我要点一份煎蛋和熏肉), and my colleague will have two eggs on toast.

90. Children love soft drinks, ________________________(因为它味道很甜而且有多种口味).

91. ________________________(科学家们将会提出)new methods of increasing the world’s food supply.

【参考答案】

87. since we introduced color photographs on the front page

本句为现在完成时，再结合中文部分的内容可知，该部分应译成since引导的时间状语从句。为了强调此处的“采用”是从无到有的运用，应将其译成introduce，而不是单纯表示“运用”的use。

88. more complicate animals developed from the simple animals

本题的考点是“等动物”的译法，即complicated animals和simple animals。值得注意的是，某些中文表达在英语中很难找到相对应的单词，此时往往可以用词组将中文的含义表达出来。

89. I’d like to order one fried egg and bacon

外出吃饭时，点菜所用的动词可用order或have，此处为了，用order更好。而在表示主观意愿的“想要”时，常用I’d like to来表示。

90. because of the sweet taste and a variety of flavors

本题的考点是“多种口味”的译法，可用a variety of，强调种类繁多。a lot of虽然也表示“很多的”，但指的只是数量上的多，意思不够贴切。

91. Scientists will come up with

本题的考点是“提出”的译法。此处“提出”的宾语是methods，故采用短语come up with 表达此意。