英语词汇学复习题

英语词汇学复习题
英语词汇学复习题

《英语词汇学》第一次作业参考答案

1. translation loans: Translation loans are words and expressions formed from the material already existing in the English language but according to patterns taken from another language by way of literal morpheme-for-morpheme translation. Examples are “land-reform”, “mutual-aid” team, “national bourgeoisie”, etc.

2. relative synonyms: Relative synonyms denote different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality, e.g. beautiful ―good-looking ―handsome ―pretty.

3. specialization of meaning: Specialization of meaning is a process whereby a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower sense, in which it is applicable only to some of the objects it had previously denoted, or a word of wide usage is restricted in its application and comes to be used only in a special sense. For example, “meat” originally meant food and drink in general but it presently means flesh of animal used as food.

4. elevation of meaning: Elevation of meaning is a process where by words rise from humble beginn ings to positions of greater importance. For example, “marshal” originally meant horse servant and presently it means an officer of high rank in the army.

5. metonymy: Metonymy is one way of meaning transference whereby the name of one thing is changed for that of another, to which it is related by association of ideas. For example, when I say “I am reading Shakespeare (meaning Shakespeare’s works), I am using metonymy.

6. dialect: Dialect refers to a variety of a language peculiar to some districts and having no normalized literary form. For example, Shanghai dialect is spoken peculiarly in Shanghai but there’s no literary work peculiarly written in Shanghai dialect.

7. jargon: Jargon are terms peculiar to a class, sect, trade or profession. For example, when the chemist says “Chlorophyll makes food by photosynthesis.” he is talking jargon, which in plain language means “green leaves build up food with the help of light”.

8. conversion: Conversion is the word forming process whereby a word is changed from one part of speech into another without the addition of an affix. For example, the verb “release” corresponds to a noun “release”.

9. clipping: Clipping refers to the word forming process by which a word of two or more syllables is shortened without a change in its function taking place. For example, “advertisement”, “examination”, “gymnasium” all have their clipped form “ad”, “exam”, “gym”.

10. compounding: Compounding is the word forming process by which two or even more words are joined to form a new entit y. For example, “darkroom (meaning ‘a room used for photographic processing’) is formed by joining “dark” and “room” into a new word.

《英语词汇学》第二次作业参考答案

1. Every word is a unity of sound and meaning, and it is these aspects that make communication possible. 正确

2. In English as in any language the number of meanings is larger than the number of words.

正确

3. Both antonyms and synonyms could be best studied in relation to a context. 正确

4. There are more native words than borrowed words in the English vocabulary. 错误

5. “Sept” in “September” means “nine”.错误

6. Every word has two aspects: the outer aspect ―written form and the inner aspect ―sound. 错误

7. The vocabulary of any language never remains stable, but is constantly changing.

正确

8. Some affixes are free morphemes while some others are bound morphemes. 错误

9. No element can be changed in English idioms without destroying the sense as a whole.

正确

10. Old English is a language of full inflections. 正确

11. “Learned words” in the English language refers to words of French origin.错误

12. “Popular words” mainly refer to words of French origin in the English language.正确

13. “in the final” in “They are running in the final” means “the last one”.错误

14. Strictly speaking, in the English language, there are no two words which are absolutely identical in meaning. 正确

15. “Manuscript” has gone through a process of extension of meaning to get its present meaning. 正确

16. We should put our hands on the deck, when we hear “All hands on deck” on a boat.错误

17. Compared with “calculate”, “work out” is more formal in meaning.错误

18. In the word “modify”, the root is “mod”, the stem is “modi” and the suffix is “-fy”.正确

19. “cuckoo” is a phonetically motivated word.正确

20. Most of the affixes are derived from Old English, or from Latin and Greek. 正确

21. “wet day” is a compound.错误

22. In the compound word “blood test”, the second part, i.e. “test”, indicates the action upon the first part. 正确

23. “biz” is a shortened word formed by back clipping.正确

24. Absolute synonyms can be found in ordinary life, e.g. begin ―commence. 错误

25. If polysemy is viewed synchronically, it is understood as the growth and development.

错误

26. Simile, metaphor and personification are figures of speech based on resemblances.

正确

27. The person saying “We are short of hands at harvest”, he is using metonymy.错误

28. Phonologically, compounds can often be identified as having a main stress on the first element and secondary stress on the second element. 正确

29. UNESCO is an initialism referring to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 错误

30. Actual meaning refers to the meaning of an isolated word in a dictionary. 错误

《英语词汇学》第三次作业参考答案

1. The scientists realized it would be too to ship all people in one boat because it was fragile.

A:bold

B:daring

C:risky

D:dangerous

参考答案:C

2. The football player had studied economics in the university for of roughly six years.

A:a decade

B:a time

C:an age

D:a period

参考答案:D

3. The energy gained from the sun can then be used during the night to enable the necessary chemical reactions to __________ in his body.

A:precede

B:proceed

C:progress

D:practise

参考答案:B

4. When Pilot Officer Peter Thwaites was away on business, his neighbor gave his wife _________ with the housework.

A:an aid

B:a help

C:a hand

D:a lift

参考答案:C

5. There is a __________ of vegetables in Shanghai at the moment because of the cold weather.

A:shortage

B:want

C:need

D:desire

参考答案:A

6. Only the headwaiter has some professional hotel so the service is rather slow and inefficient.

A:learning

B:instructing

C:teaching

D:training

参考答案:D

7. When the Victorians had family reunions, the hosts went their way to entertain the guests.

A:in for

B:over

C:out of

D:back on

参考答案:C

8. When there is conflict territory, animals will commonly use force.

A:for

B:over

C:with

D:by

参考答案:B

9. Having pushed her son, Eve gave him a dismissive towards the car.

A:push

B:pull

C:draw

D:drag

参考答案:A

10. Mr. Harrington asked his son Clive to buy a of bread for his breakfast at the baker’s near his school.

A:pound

B:loaf

C:packet

D:bag

参考答案:B

11.Which of the followingusually appears inpoems?

A:horse

B:steed

C:gee-gee

D:nag

参考答案:B

12. Which of the following words is of Latin origin?

A:fast

B:firm

C:secure

D:bath A and B

参考答案:B

13:[单选题]

13. Which of the following words is INCORROCT in word formation?

A:unhorse

B:unmanned

C:unfrost

D:unhappy

参考答案:C

14. Which of the following word is NOT a compound?

A:small talk

B:wet day

C:darkroom

D:hot dog

参考答案:B

15. Which of the following is formed by blending?

A:pop

B:sightsee

C:copter

D:boatel

参考答案:D

16. What is the meaning of “nice” in “He is too nice about his food”?

A:foolish

B:excellent

C:very

D:particular about small things

参考答案:D

17. The antonym of “fresh” in “fresh bread” is ________.

A:stale

B:stuffy

C:faded

D:tired

参考答案:A

18. We saw a ________ of how to revive a person who has been almost drowned. A:exhibition

B:demonstration

C:spectacle

D:show

参考答案:B

19. I will take you to a most interesting ________ of nineteenth century.

A:wonder

B:exhibition

C:exposition

D:display

参考答案:B

20. No new ideas _______ from the meeting.

A:emerged

B:submerged

C:merged

D:immerged

参考答案:A

21. After his recovery from illness, he ________ his former position.

B:presumed

C:consumed

D:resumed

参考答案:D

22. All our attempts to ________ the child from drowning were in vain.

A:regain

B:recover

C:reserve

D:rescue

参考答案:D

23. Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s ________ policies.

A:economical

B:economy

C:economic

D:economics

参考答案:B

24. The main characters in the novel seem so true to life, but actually, they are entirely ________.

A:imaginary

B:imaginative

C:imagined

D:imaginable

参考答案:A

25. American women were ________ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.

A:ignored

B:neglected

C:denied

D:refused

参考答案:C

26. An agreement was ________ last Friday by the two parties.

A:arrived at

B:arrived in

C:occurred

D:realized

参考答案:A

27. As ________ announced in today’s papers, the Shanghai Export commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.

A:being

B:is

C:to be

D:been

28. Before he started the work, I asked the builder to give me an ________ of the cost of repairing the roof.

A:assessment

B:estimate

C:announcement

D:evaluation

参考答案:B

29. Communication is the process of ________ a message from a source to an audience via a channel.

A:transmitting

B:submitting

C:transforming

D:switching

参考答案:A

30. Contrary ________ public opinion, this area has long been a heaven for all forms of insect life.

A:with

B:to

C:at

D:for

参考答案:B

《英语词汇学》第四次作业参考答案

Translating the following sentences into Chinese.

1.Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals.

酒后吐真言。

2.Kissinger got the plans and helicoptered to Camp David.

基辛格获得计划后,乘直升飞机去了戴维营。

3.The thirsty soil drank in the rain.

干渴的大地畅饮雨水。

4.He commanded a fleet of thirty sails.

他指挥一支由三十条船组成的船队。

5.It is no use crying over spoilt milk.

后悔无用。

6.Strike while the iron is hot.

趁热打铁。

7.Birds of a feather flock together.

物以类聚,人以群分。

8.Most of the city families have a fridge.

大多数城市家庭都拥有电冰箱。

9.Tom is the VIP in our company.

汤姆是我们公司的重要人物。

10.We put quality above quantity.

在质量与数量两者中,我们更看中质量。

《英语词汇学》第五次作业参考答案

1. What are the characteristics of native element in English?

The native element has the following characteristics:

a. All-national character: Every English person uses the words of the native element no matter whether he is a king or a slave.

b. Great stability: the native element lives for centuries providing the English with a basis for the formation of new words the foundation is the native element or the basic word-stock accumulated over a number of epochs.

c. Mono-syllabic words: The native element in Modem English is mostly monosyllabic. e.g. sun, cow, go, run, etc.

d. Great word-forming ability: Most words of native origin possess large cluster of derived and compound words in the present-day language,

e.g. the word hand, has brought such derivatives and compounds as: handy, handle, handiwork, handicraft, handful, handbook, hand barrow, handcuf

f.

e. Wide collocability: The native element has wide collocability. Many native words enter quite a number of set expressions, idioms, phrases and proverbial sayings, e.g. the word heel enters the following units: heel of Achilles (a vulnerable point); heel over head or head over heels (upside down) etc.

f. Plurality of meanings: Most of the native words have undergone striking transformations in semantic structure, and as a result are nowadays highly polysemantic, e.

g. the verb to tell, for instance, is made to express the following meanings: make known, express, explain;

g. High frequency value: The native element (words of Anglo-Saxon origin) forms the bulk of the most frequent elements used in any style of speech. They constitute no less than 80% of the 500 most frequent words listed by Thorndike and Lorge.

h. Stylistically neutral: Most native words are stylistically neutral. E.g. to begin (neutral) ? to commence (formal). There are words equally fit to be used in a lecture, a poem, or when speaking to a child.

2. What are the classifications of Homonyms?

We may classify English homonyms as follows:

1) Perfect homonyms or words identical both in sound and in spelling but different in meaning.

e.g.

long ? extended, not short (O.E. lang),

long ? to desire, yearn, (0. E. langian)

yard ? an enclosed space (O.E. geard, an enclosure).

yard ? a rod, an English measure of 36 inches (0.F. gyrd or gerd, a stick, rod)

2) Homographs or words identical in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g.

bow (/??◆/) ? a piece of wood curved by a tight string, using for shooting arrows

bow (/??◆/) ? bend the head or body

3) Homophones or words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. son, sun; pair, pear; sight, site cite; some, sum; piece, peace; see, sea.

4) Homoforms or words quite different in meaning but identical in some of their grammatical forms e.g.

bound ? past and past perfect of bind

bound ? to bound (to jump); bound (n. = limit); bound (adj. = ready to start).

found ? past and past perfect of find

found ? to found (= to establish)

3. What are the relations between a word and its meaning? (See p. 70)

The relation between the meaning of a word and its sound is arbitrary. It is not possible to explain why this or that word has this or that sound. Only a minority of words can be explained: we can say that they are motivated. Motivation can arise in three ways:

1) Phonetic motivation. These are called echo words, or onomatopoeia: cuckoo, dingdong, mew, bark, buzz, etc.

2) Grammatical motivation. A word like landlord is not purely conventional, although land and lord are conventional. Similarly, the word leader can be understood by any one who knows the English verb to lead and the suffix - er.

3) Motivation by meaning. Bottleneck with reference to administration, production, etc., will be readily understood by all wh o know that “a narrow outlet for road-traffic” is often called by that name. Here it is the figurative usage that provides motivation: an obstruction is called a bottleneck because it is like the neck of a bottle

《英语词汇学》第六次作业参考答案

1. What are the roles of context in the determination of meaning?

Context plays vital roles in determining the meaning of words.

1) Emotive meaning. Only the context can show whether a word should be taken as a purely objective expression or whether it is primarily designed to convey and arouse emotions. For example, the emotive meaning of the word “home” in “We are almost home” is much stronger than it is isolated as in a dictionary.

2) Meaning-area. The range of application of word is often variable: English as a linguistic term is far wider in scope than as a “national” term, as opposed to Irish, Welsh, and Scottish. Only the context can determine the extension of the word in any situation. Man as opposed to animal covers the whole of “mankind”: as opposed to woman only one hal f of it.

3) Shifts. Even words with a fairly uniform nucleus of meaning have different aspects and modes of application. Only the context can tell whether healthy is meant as “having good health” or as “conducive to health”.

4) Ambiguity. Many words have more than one sense, and normally only one of these is applicable in any given context.

5) When two or more words identical in sound are involved, they are entirely meaningless without their context. In the case of the verb see, the bishop’s see, and the see the identity of sound is mere coincidence, and only the context can reveal which of the three words is meant. 2. What are the origins of English synonyms?

As to the origin of synonyms, we can distinguish:

1) Synonyms which originated from the native element, mostly denoting different shades of common meaning, e.g. fast ? speedy ? swift; handsome ? pretty, lovely; etc.

2) Synonyms which owe their origin to foreign borrowings through crossing with other languages, such as: begin ? commence; finish ? end; etc.

3) Synonyms created through the adoption of words from dialects and American English, e.g.

money ― beans ― bucks (AmE); trick ― gimmick (AmE); etc.

4) Synonyms connected with euphemisms and vulgarisms employed for certain stylistic purposes. e.g. to lie ? to distort the fact; business ? biz; etc.

3. Can you tell which whether “hot dog” and “hot weather” are compounds or free phrases? What are your rules? (See p. 56)

“hot dog” is a compound and hot weather is a free phrase. The following three rules a re used to draw a demarcation line between them:

a Can the adjective be premodified by an adverb?

+ very hot weather; -very hot dog, i.e. the “hot” in “hot weather” can be modified by adverb “very”, while “hot” in “hot dog” can not.

b Can it assume the comparative form?

+ hotter weather; -hotter dog, i.e., “hot” in “hot weather” can be used in comparative degree, while “hot” in “hot dog” can not.

c Can it occupy the predicative position in a sentence?

+ The weather is hot; -the dog is hot, i.e., “hot” in “hot weather” can be used as predicate of “weather”, while “hot” in “hot dog” can not.

(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案

试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor

00832英语词汇学1107全国试题

全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30 %) 1. Grammarians insist that a word be a __________ form that can function in a sentence. ( ) A. small B. large C. fixed D. free 2. In the earliest stage of English, the written form of a word should ________ that of the oral form. ( ) A. agree with B. disagree with C. be the same as D. be different from 3. ____________consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine, mathematics, etc. ( ) A. Terminology B. Jargon C. Slang D. Argot 4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT_________. ( ) A. fast food B. TV dinner C. Mao jackets D. Watergate 5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, “loan”, which was prevalent in the thirteenth century, was replaced by “ __________ ” in American English. ( ) A. own B. let C. rent D. lend 6. If we say that Old English was a language of __________ endings, Middle English was one of leveled endings. ( ) A. full B. short C. long D. paralleled 00832# 英语词汇学试卷第1页共6页

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号:[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning 9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning “a little tail” or “a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a “pencil”. atom ==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos,invisible. Thus atom meant originally “an particle too small to be divided”. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split.

(完整版)全国英语词汇学(00832)高等教育自学考试试题与答案

全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832 Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.() A.meaning B.Sound C.combination of sounds D.Group 2.The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.() A.more slowly than B.As quickly as C.more rapidly than D.Not so quickly as 3.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.()A.use frequency B.notion C.origin D.sound 4.Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.() A.green revolution B.fast food C.moon walk D.space shuttle 5.Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. ()A.form B.meaning C.look D.pronunciation 6.Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.() A.four B.fell C.for D.autumn 7.The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. ()A./t/ B./g/ C./p/ D./k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页

2000年至2012年全国自考英语词汇学试卷参考答案

参考答案 2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案 Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.(head+tail)blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation: 1)Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2)Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3)Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4)Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.49. 1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion),nationalist(nation+al+ist),unearthly(un+earth+ly). 2)Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3)All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50. 1)the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine(3分) 2)proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking(1分) 3)using an old saying is more persuasive(2分) 4)the short form saves time, more colloquial(2分) 5)indicates intimacy or close relationship(1分)

英语词汇学考试重点整理

Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出,表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by

(完整版)英语词汇学试题

英语词汇学试题 Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry(练习1) I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct. A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root 2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics 3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic 4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic 5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place 6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic 8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves. A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot 9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. A. Jargon B. Argot C. Dialectal words D. Slang 10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category. A. content B. notional C. empty D. new

英语词汇学试卷 样卷

广东外语外贸大学 英语教育学院 《英语词汇》12--13学年度第一学期期末考试试题A卷考核对象:11 级通选考试时间:80分钟 I. Multiple choices. Choose the one that is most appropriate for the sentence.(20*1) 1. After the , the Germanic tributes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes came in great numbers. A. Greeks B. Indians C. Romans D. French 2. Adulthood contains . A. concrete denominal noun suffix B. abstract denominal noun suffix C. de-adjective noun suffix D. deverbal noun suffix 3. Utopia, Odyssey and Babbitt are words from . A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 4.Which of the following words are opaque words? A richness B abstraction C free D transparent 5.Which word can be used before nouns ? A coward B motherly C deeply D loudly 6. The meaning of the phrase “covered court” is______. A 室内场地 B 重要人员到齐 C 被完全包围的地方 D 结果已定的案件 7. “Have a crush on someone” means__________ in Chinese. A 与某人有矛盾 B 与某人意见一致 C 喜欢某人 D 饶恕某人 8. “Bring down the house” means__________ in Chinese. A 赢得喝彩 B 封锁现场 C 集中起来 D 无理取闹 9. “Pull up one’s socks” means__________ in Chinese. A 戏弄某人 B 鼓起勇气 C 小心翼翼 D 取代某人

英语词汇学复习题(A)

英语词汇学复习题(A) (2012-05-29) Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. 1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.() A.meaning B.sound C.combination of sounds D.group 2.The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.() A.more slowly than B.as quickly as C.more rapidly than D.not so quickly as 3.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.()A.use frequency B.notion C.origin D.sound 4.Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.() A.green revolution B.fast food C.moon walk D.space shuttle 5.Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. () A.form B.meaning C.look D.pronunciation 6.Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.() A.four B.fell C.for D.autumn 7.The plural morpheme “-s”is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. () A./t/ B./g/ C./p/ D./k/ 8.There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.()A.one B.two C.three D.four 9.The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.() A.works B.prewar

英语词汇学 英语词汇学习题2及答案

试题二 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket(30%) 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example A. lewd → ignoran t B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated

大学英语词汇学期末考试 重点复习资料整理 权威版 后附试题

2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany,吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic,冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic,古希腊语- Greek

相关文档
最新文档