大连欧联雅思培训——5步教你搞定雅思阅读段落大意题

大连欧联雅思培训——5步教你搞定雅思阅读段落大意题List of headings 是雅思中常考的小标题题，又称为段落大意题。该题主要考察学生的归纳总结能力。首先找到每段主题句，然后进行理解、概括和整合，选出正确答案。但是，在众多乱序的选项中淘出真金并不那么容易。传统的方法往往强调段落首尾句的作用，重点看一个段落的首句、第二句和末句，再和选项比对，确定最终答案。大连欧联雅思为大家总结一下技巧，以下几个方面可以参考：1. 通过文章结构进行预判猜测

一篇通常开头引出主题或提出论点，中间段落进行实证或逻辑分析（按照时间推进，或者并列、递进等），在文章最后进行总结或展望。因此，如果我们对文章的结构熟悉，可以事半功倍。

如剑桥7 中，P48 的选项MIRTP future model，通过其中的future，可以做出预判，可能出现在文章后面部分甚至最后。

常见的文章结构可能有问题解决、实验分析、现象解释、两事物对比、时间顺序。在雅思阅读众多题材中，实验性文章占有相当大的比例。

我们就以剑5 中的文章Nature or Nurture( 遗传还是环境) 为例来剖析一下实验型文章的总体架构。

实验型文章常用的框架结构是研究基本情况，实验具体过程，实验结果，相关结论。Nature or Nurture( 遗传还是环境) 就是一篇非常有代表性的实验型文章。文章一共分为9 段，框架结构非常清晰。文章一开始就总体上介绍了实验的参与者是40 个来自各个行业的教师- 实验对象。接下来阐述了实验的背景设

置和学生参与者的真实身份。文章的第三段则是比较详细地介绍了在实验过程中实验对象和实验者Milgram 的表现。第四段和第五段分别呈现了精神科医生对实验结果的预测和实际实验结果与预测结果形成的巨大反差。精神科医生预测，只有少数的教师实验对象能按照实验者的要求，把电压加到最大值。而实验的实际结果就是85% 的教师实验对象都做到了这一点。第六、七段是从遗传和环境的角度用两种截然不同的说法来解释这些差异。最后两段则是从当代社会生物学角度总结了这个实验的结论。

再比如，在剑桥9 attitudes to language 一文中，作者采用的方法就是两种语言态度的对比，一个是prescribe，另外一个则是describe。所以考生在应对不同类型的文章时一定要搞懂框架结构，这对考题的解答，尤其是对于解答段落小标题，有着举足轻重的作用。

2. 通过段落展开方式，来重点锁定主旨句位置所在

雅思阅读常见的段落结构有总分、分总、总分总以及其他。对于前三种段落，就我们这个题型而言，总述概况的地方，也往往对应段落的首尾句，是我们不容忽视的焦点。除此之外，段落中可能存在起承转合的信号词，指引着段落前行的方向。所以，如果段落中出现举例的信号词：for example，for instance，take...as an example 等，一般来说，例子前的概述或例子后的总结，则是段落的中心句。最后，段落内存有因果、让步、转折、并列、对比等内在的关系，那么关注的位置则各有差异。表示让步的信号词如果出现，像although, though, despite, in spite of, even if,even when, while，我们则需要关注其后内容。转折的词如but, however, yet 的出现，我们也应该关注其后内容，进行同义替换，选取正确答案。还有一些可能有点隐蔽的转折词，fortunately, unfortunately,unexpectedly 等。

如我们看到在剑桥7 的P24 中，F的开头就写到Fortunately- and unexpectedly- the demand for water is not rising as rapidly as some predicted.

3. 注意段落中的问句

从写作手法上来说，作者在文章中设问都是为了引起读者的关注，如果只问不答，那就是让读者去思考某个问题或现象，这个问题或现象肯定是段落的重点所在，所以这类问句有可能是中心句。如果是自问自答，那目的就是为了让读者对作者要给出的答案给与重视。通常这个答句就是作者在段落中要表达的主要观点，即中心句。还有一种是反问句，更是强烈表达了作者的立场态度，也极有可能是中心句。不但如此，问句的位置可能在段首、段中和段后。段首提出问题后，剩余内容可能是对其回答。段中可能表示转折，而段尾极有可能是引人深思或者为下一段做好铺垫。这点可参考剑6，T4，P1，C 段和E 段。

4. 注意段落间的关系

段落之间并非孤立的，没有任何内在联系和参考价值，而事实上，段落是可以互推的，如果多关注一下段落间的衔接和联系，借助某些承上启下的句子，可以解决此类题目。如剑桥7 中的P23, 段落D 的第一句话则是对上一段意思的概括。多个段落构成的SECTION 考题。考生需要重点关注每个构成段落的首句，进行整合理解，选取段落大意。在选项的具体选择中，可能and 表示段落大意连词会出现在这样多个段落构成的section 中。

5. 排除法的运用

可以先从最短选项入手，确定其位置。将其选定排除，再来解决其他题目。也可以直接排除细节的干扰项。但是，我们在排除的时候，一定是将自己确定的选项排除，否则可能会成双成对的发生错误。做题顺序的制定也需要引起注意。

建议考生以段为单位，先完成别的题目，再来完成此类题目。这样在对于文章了解的基础上，做题的速度和准确率可以大幅提升。

以上就是大连欧联雅思为大家总结的雅思阅读段落大意题技巧，希望对大家有所帮助，最后，大连欧联雅思预祝大家取得理想成绩。

雅思阅读TFNG模拟试题(4)

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定要有一条贯穿始终的逻辑主线。而不能像以往那样见木不见林，单句阅读代替整体阅读的做法再也行不通了。解题策略虽然段落标题题可以采用边做题边看文章的做法，但我认为鉴于目前出现的新情况，推荐先浏览一遍文章，然后开始做题的方式。浏览的时间必须控制在五分钟内，浏览的目的主要有这样两个：1. 记录各段主题；2. 把握文章结构（如时间顺序，cause-effect-solution 顺序，论证式等等）。读完一遍之后，再回去做题，仿佛高屋建瓴，感觉就完全不同了。做题时可先用常规的方法。如能找到主旨句，万不可生搬硬套，与选项牵强附会。一般说来，只有主旨句与选项存在替换改写关系，才能证明是正确答案。若无法替换或找不到主旨句时，可先搁臵不做，待其余段落基本选定之后，再对未选标题进行比较排除，最后搞定。这是一整套的做题步骤，下面以实例辅之。请看剑5 P66。此题中B，D，F三段较为难选。但分析文章后我们发现，这篇文章是描述一种现象的说明文。此类题材的文章，通常先会针对现象进行一番介绍，然后分析其产生的原因，引发的后果以及解决措施等。由此可见，F段最为明显，因为此段为全文的末段，通常讲解决方法或展望未来，并根据第一句According to Siegel, international environmental organizations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region…可知这段不是探讨消失的三角洲本身，而是在讲人们的行动，所以很明显选viii，因为所有选项里只有这个和人为的东西有关。然后看D段，也找不到主旨句，

2015年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析三

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雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(2)

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Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs， the boss of Apple，on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music，which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM， it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system， called FairPlay， is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished. B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)， any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm， such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals， the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM， it implied， could keep the pirates at bay. C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM： the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others， says Mr Jobs， because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry， says Mr Jobs； without it there would be far more stores and players， and far more innovation. So， he suggests， why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected？“This is