高考英语语法知识复习精讲精练-复合句
高考英语语法知识复习（复合句）（温故篇）
一、名词性从句
概念与分类
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
从属连词that：在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，因此往往可以省略
从属连词if, whether：在从句中不充当任何成分，有意义，不可以省略
连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略
连接副词where, when, why, how：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略
一、主语从句
１.由从属连词引导的主语从句：
①Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss.
那个国家是否应该建立核电站……
②That light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直线传播
２.由连接代词引导的主语从句：
①What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是……
②Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.无论你选哪本书……
③Whoever comes will be welcome.无论谁来……
３.由连接副词引导的主语从句：
①When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.飞机什么时候起飞……
②Where he has been is still a puzzle.他到过哪儿……
③How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少……
4.关于形式主语it
①It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that…有必要……
It is important that…重要的是……
It is obvious that…很明显……
It is likely that….很可能
②It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…人们相信……
It is known to all that…众所周知……
It has been decided that…已决定……
③It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledg e that………是常识
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…事实是……
可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。
④It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens tha t…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not.
二、表语从句
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem 等。
The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.
……数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病
The question remains whether we can win the game…..我们是否能赢得这次比赛
That’s just what I want. ……我想要的
This is where our problem lies. ……我们的问题所在
The difficulty is how we can help smokers kick their habit……我们如何帮助吸烟的人……
值得注意的是：
1. 表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as, as if ，as though引导.
Things were not as they seemed.
It looks as if it is going to rain.好象要下雨了。
2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：The reason why…is that … (而不用because)
It ( This, That ) is because…
The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard. 他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。
It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.
三、同位语从句
同位语从句一般由that, whether 等连词引导，常放在advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。
l. The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 登陆月球…….
2. I have no idea when he will be back. ……什么时候回来
3. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill……Mary也许病了
4. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.……是否同意
四、宾语从句
宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.及物动词后的宾语从句：
She will give whoever needs help a warm support……任何需要帮助的人……
I wonder why she refused my invitation……她为什么拒绝了我的邀请
2.介词后的宾语从句：
I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。
The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. 老师对他所说的话很满意。
3.某些形容词后的宾语从句：
I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.
……通过努力工作，你将取得更大的进步
We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us…….他没有告别就走了
4.非谓语动词后的宾语从句：
Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.
On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered “Terrible ”.
5.关于形式宾语it
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
我们必须清楚任何违犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。
I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.我发现我们有必要征求他的意见。
五、名词性从句重难点
1. 在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如：
①Can you make sure ____the gold ring ？（MET90）
A.where Alice had put
B.where had Alice put
C.where Alice has put
D.where has Alice put
②You can't imagine __when they received these nice Christmas presents.（94上海）
A.how they were excited
B.how excited they were
C.how excited were they
D.they were how excited
2. 动词doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中，其后宾语从句常用that 作连接词；用在肯定句中，连接词用whether 或if 皆可，而不用that。
Do you doubt that he will win ?
I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong .
He doubt whether I know it .
3. 否定转移问题。
①将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移
I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
We don't expect he will come tonight , will he ?
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
②将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移
It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
4. 主谓一致问题。
What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world．
What I bought were three English books．
5. 语气问题
①在含有suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用“should+ 动词原形”的结构
I suggest we (should) set off at once. 我建议我们应该立刻出发。
②在It is ＋过去分词＋that的主语从句中decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested，required等。
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening．
③在表语从句或同位语从句中
The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone．
④在It is（was）＋形容词＋that从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should ＋）动词原形，表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等。
It is necessary that a college student ____at least a foreign language．（上海1993）
A. masters
B. should master
C. mastered
D. will master
6.What引导名词从句的特殊含义:
What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality．
(what为“所……的事”，相当于“the thing that…；all that…；everything that…”)
After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed．（M ET'93）
A. what
B. when
C. that
D. which
(what相当于“the time that”，表示“……时间”)
He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？
(what表示“……的人”，相当于“the person that…”)
What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world．
(what表示“……的地方”，相当于“the place that…”)
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago
(what表示“……的数目”，相当于“the amount ／number that…”)
7.不可省略的连词：
①介词后的连词不可省略
如：Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.
下楼之前，我已经把我要说的认真准备好了。
②引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略
如：That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。
We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
8.比较：whether 与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：
①whether 引导主语从句在句首
Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me .她是否来与我无关。
②引导表语从句
His first question was whether she had arrived yet. 他问第一个问题就是她来了没有。
③引导同位语从句
Answer my question whether you are coming.回答我你是否来的问题。
④whether 从句作介词宾语
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling .我担心是否伤了她的感情。
⑤与or not连在一起
I don’t know whethe r or not he is going to Japan.我不知道他是否去日本。
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it 充当形式主语。例如：
It is not important who will go. 谁去，这不重要。
It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。
二、状语从句
状语从句在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰，以及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。状语从句是一种副词性从句，通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。
1.时间状语从句
由下列连词引导：when, while , as, before, after, once, till, until, once, as soon as, now that, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语也
可引导时间状语从句。如：directly, instantly, immediately, by the time，the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等
注意点如下：
1)when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
①She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
②When I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.我在街上行走时，碰到一位老朋友
when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
①It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)
②When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
③When we arrived there, the film had already begun.(先后发生)
While强调一段时间里，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。
①Please don’t t alk so loud while/when others are working. 其他人工作时请不要大声讲话。
②He fell asleep while/when reading. 读书时他睡着了。
③While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination. 他们在看电视，而我在为即将到来的考试做准备。
Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”)
as表示主从句动作同时发生，所以常译作＂一边…一边＂。
John sings as he works.
As his hands dropped he dropped with it, and I laid him down ,dead.
当When引出的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用as 引导的省略句来代替。
When he was a young man (= As a young man ) he was fond of hunting.
2)before状语从句的重点句型
It will (not ) be a period of time before 还要……才，要不了多久就……
was (not) 过了……才没多久就……
①It was a long time before I got to sleep . 过了好长时间我才睡着了。
②It wasn’t long before he told me about the news. 没多久他就告诉了我那条新闻。
③不等……就在---之前：Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
The telephone rang off before I could answer it. 我还没来得及接电话，电话就挂断了。
④刚……就：He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.
⑤先……再：You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.
做出决定之前你还有几天时间考虑
3)since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式（包括过去完成时），则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性动词的完成时态，从句意思是肯定的。
It is /has been a period of time 延续性动词的过去式自从该动作结束
已多长时间
延续性动词的完成时态since 该动作已延续了多长时间
短暂性动词的过去式自从该动作开始已多长时间
①He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未来看我。（不在生病了）
②He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未来看我。
③I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.自从他这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在这儿了）
④I know him very well since he has lived here near us.自他住在我们附近以来，我对他很了解。
⑤It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。（不在服役了）
⑥It’s three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since I joined the army.我入伍已三年了。
4)如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的，则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的，则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首，只有until从句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首时主句要倒装。
He didn’t go back to his hometown until three years later.
=Not until three years later did he go back to his hometown.
I didn’t recognize him until he took off his glasses.
= Not until he took off his glasses did I recognize him.
2.原因状语从句
由下列连词引导：as, because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鉴于---)。
下面几点值得注意：
1)because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only, just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so连用。如You shouldn’t get angry just because some peopl e speak ill of you.
He failed because he was careless. 他因粗心而失败了。
because引导的从句可以被强调：
It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL
2) since引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比as正式一些,常置于句首。as语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首。
Sinc e/ Now that no one is against it ,let’s carry out the plan.
Since everyone has come, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了，我们开会吧。
As all the seats were full, he stood there. 所有的座位都满了他只好站那儿。
3) for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它也常引导句子表原因，但不是原因状语从句，它是一个并列句。for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，表推测的理由。
The day was short, for it was December.
It might have rained last night for the ground is wet. 昨晚可能下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
She must have cried for her eyes are red. 她一定哭过了，她眼睛红的。
He can’t have done that for he is not that kind of man. 他不可能这么做的，因为他不是那种人。
3.地点状语从句
由下列连词引导:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。
You may find him where his brother lives.
You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以去你想要去的任何地方。
Anywhere he went, he got warm welcome. 无论他走到哪儿，都收到热烈欢迎。
The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
4.结果状语从句
由下列连词引导：that，so…that，such…that，so that等。
注意以下几种结构：
1).so+adj/adv+that… 2).such(a/an+adj)+n+that…
3).so+adj+a/an+n+that=such a/an+adj+n+that… 4).so many/much/few/little(少)+n+that…
5)such +(adj) +n (u /pl )+ that
He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him. 他说的如此的快，我跟不上他。
It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming
今天天气如此的好，我们大家都去游泳了。
He gave such important reasons that he was excused. 他给了非常重要的理由，我们都原谅他了。
So或such置于句首时，主句常倒装。
It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming .
＝Such a lovely day was it that we all went swimming.
He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
= Such important reasons did he give that he was excused.
注意以上结构与定语从句so/such…as的区别。
This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it.
This is such an interesting/so interesting a film as everyone wants to see.
The stone is so heavy as we can’t lift.
That 引导的从句常用于口语中。
We turned the radio up (so) that everyone heard the news.
5.目的状语从句
由下列连词引导：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等。（注：so that也可用来引导结果状语从句）
so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词。so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后，in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。
We set out early so that we could see the sunrise. 我们很早出发以便能看到日出
He sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in time. 他空邮这份信的以便他们能按时收到。
for fear that, in case 引导的目的状语从句谓语动词要用should do 它们本身带有否定意义，相当于so that--not, in order that---not
We hid behind the bushes in case /for fear that passers-by should see us. 我们躲在丛林中以防过路人看见。
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget. 明天请再次提醒我以防我忘了。
6.条件状语从句
分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。
由下列连词引导：if, unless, suppose, supposing,
providing(that),provided(that),given(that),in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。
(1)Unless=if not
You will fail unless you study hard. 除非努力否则你就要失败。
(2)suppose, supposing, providing(that),provided(that),given(that)= if
Suppose I don’t have a day off, wha t shall I do?
Given that he supports us, we’ll win the election. 如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举。
(3) on condition that, as long as, so long as = only if
As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed. 只要你不灰心，你就会成功。
(4) As far as I know, he cheated in the exam.
So f ar as I am concerned, I’m in favour of “mercy killing”. 就我个人而言，我支持安乐死。
As far as I’m concerned , making money is not the only purpose of life.就我个人而言，赚钱并不是生活的唯一目的。
7.让步状语从句
由下列连词引导：although, though, as, even if, even though ,while, whether…or, whoever, whatever, however,
no matter+疑问词等。
注意以下几点：
1)although, though引导让步状语从句时，主句前不能用but,但可以加yet, still。
He is unhappy though he has a lot of money.
Though it was raining hard, yet they didn’t stop working. 尽管下着大雨，他们仍然在工作。
2)as引导让步状语从句时，必须用前置结构，通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首，放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。
Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
=Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.（注意在child前不要用冠词）
Good as he is , he won’t be top of class.
Though I like it very much, I won’t buy it.
=Much as I like it, I won’t buy it.
Try as he would, he coul dn’t lift the heavy box.
Though it is raining heavily, he rushed out.
=Heavily as it is raining ,he rushed out.
3)whether ---or (not ) 引导的从句，提供两个对比的“尽管”情况，含有条件意味。
（Whether you）believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，这是真的。
Whether you come here or we go there , the topic of discussion will remain unchanged.
不管是你来这儿还是他去那儿，讨论的主题保持不变。
4)疑问词+ever＝no matter +疑问词
whatever you say, I won’t believe you.
Whoever you are, you must show your pass. 无论你是谁，你都必须出示你的通行证。
Whenever you come, you are welcome. 无论你啥时来，都欢迎。
8.方式状语从句
由下列连词引导：as, as if, as though ,the way等。
At Rome we must do as the Romans (do). 入乡随俗
Do it the way you were told (to). 教你怎样做就怎样做。
He treats me as if I were a stranger. 他对待我象陌生人一样。
注意以下几点：
1)as引导方式状语从句时意义为“按照”，“如同”，前面常用加强语势。
I did it just as you told me.
= I did it just as told to
He didn’t win the match as expected. 他没有像预料的一样赢得比赛。
2)as if和as though 引导的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气，有时也用陈述语气。
It seems as if it were going to rain.
CF : it seems as if it is going to rain.
3)连词while 和whereas 可表示对比。
Whereas he is rather lazy, she is quite energetic.
注意状语从句中的省略现象
1)连接词+过去分词
Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.
Though _______or many times, David often drives after drinking.
A. to be warned
B. having been warning C warned D. being warned
2)连词+现在分词
Look out while crossing the street.
3)连词+形容词/其他
常见的有if necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等
4)比较状语从句中的省略句。如：He arrived home half an hour earlier than (he had been)expected.
三、定语从句
基本知识
一、定语从句与引导词
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。
关系词一共有九个，它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。
1．关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose 作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.
(whom,who,that指代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)
I′m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)
A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words
(which或that代物，在定从中作主语)
2．关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。
例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We′ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.
(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)
注意：①先行词是表示地点的名词时（country,school,room…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。
The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum.
The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.
This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.
②先行词是表示时间的名词（year,month,day,night…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。应特别注意：介词的位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。请看下面两个句子。
那就是他工作的大学。
┏at which he works.
┣which he works at.
That is the college ┣where he works.
┣that he works at.
┗he works at.
它出生的那一天是1952年8月20日。
┏on which he was born
┣which he was born on
The day ┣when he was born was Aug.20,1952.
┣that he was born on
┗he was born on
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping’s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。)
He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as 指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)
三、只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1．只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1）当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.
2）指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./That's the only watch that I like most.
3）指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.
4）先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?
5）先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?
2．不用that的场合如下：
1）非限制性定语从句中Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March .
2）介词放在关系代词之前时This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时I have found that which I was looking for.
四、“介词＋关系代词”用法
1．介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)
2．介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)
3．当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which you re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.
五、几个名词后的引导词
1.situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句
Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?
2.way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：
a.在比较正式的文体中用in which
I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood.
It was clear that the speaker now trusted Tom from the way in which these words were said.
b.一般情况下用that
Lincoln asked the people to think of slavery in the way that these men did.
Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.
c.in which和that省去。
That's the way I looked at it.
The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
六、关于as引导的定语从句的问题
as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the same…as，such…as，as…as的结构中。
1.as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。
He married the girl，as(which)was natural.
He seemed a freigner,as(which)in fact he was.
不同的是：as引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行。
As was natural, he married the girl.
在the same…as,such…as,as…as结构中，same,such,as之后应是名词或形容词＋名词。
We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.
Some people have no doubt that their cat understands as many words as a dog does.
We hope to get such a tool as he is using.
这三种结构也可以用which改写。但要去掉这种结构，不能直接用which代替as。
以上三句分别可以改写成：
We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.
Some people have no doubt that their cat understands the words which a dog understands.
We hope to get the tool which he is using.
the same…as与the same…that引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是：前者修饰的是与原物同样的；而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西。比较：
This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）
This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）
定语从句与其他从句或句型的区分
一、定语从句与并列句
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．
②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．
③Mr Li has three daughters；_____ are doctors．
解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom；②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词them；③小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。
二、定语从句与状语从句
1．定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。
This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place）
Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点
状语从句）
2．定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。
Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）
It was already five o’clock when the class was over.
=When the class was over, it was already five o’cloc k. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）
3．When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。
This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经在那里工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句）
Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句）
4．定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。如：It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。（as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句）
It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。（that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）
三、定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句和同位语从句在形式结构上基本相同，都跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由that 引导。但它们的句法功能却不相同。我们可以从以下几个方面把它们区别开来：
1.先行词的范围不同
定语从句的先行词范围很广，可以指人、物等，没有限制；同位语从句的被修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词，不指人。同位语从句修饰的词常见的有：belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, thought, order, suggestion, wish, answer, information, conclusion, decision, knowledge, opinion, problem, promise, question, plan, report, truth, view等。例如：This is the place that / which we visited yesterday . 这就是昨天我们参观过的地方。（定语从句）
We don’t know the reason why they didn’t attend the meeting. 我们不知道他们（为什么）没有参加会议的原因。（定语从句）
The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to people’s health .
这篇课文又告诉我们一个事实，吸烟对健康危害很大。(同位语从句)
I had no idea when the sports meet will take place. 我不知道运动会何时举行。(同位语从句)
2.从句和先行词的关系不同
定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。例如：
The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.
她考试及格的消息使她父母很高兴。（同位语从句）
此句中的同位语从句The news that she had passed the exam
可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam.
The news that he told us interested all of us. 他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句）
The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句就不能改写为：The news is that he told us.
3.引导词及其作用不同
引导定语从句的词是关系词，常见的关系词有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as 等。关系词除了连接主从句的作用外，还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、状语、定语、表语等。引导同位语从句的that只起连接主从句的作用，不在从句中担任任何成分。what, whether 和how 可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。例如：
I’ll never forget the day when I saw the Great Wall．
我永远不会忘记我见到长城的那一天。（定语从句，关系副词when作从句状语）
The fact that（which）we talked about is very important．
我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。（定语从句，that在从句中作about的宾语）
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody．
他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。（同位语从句，that只起连接作用）
I have no idea what he has done. 我不知道他做了什么。（同位语从句）
I have a doubt whether he will be warmly welcomed . 我怀疑他是否能受到热烈欢迎。(同位语从句)
You have no idea how worried he was . 你不知道他是多么担心！(同位语从句)
三、定语从句与强调句
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport．
②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works．
解析：定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：强调句的结构为“It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who 代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where 代替that。从结构上看，①小题是强调句，故填that。此种情况检测的标准是：先把强调句中的It is／was去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。将第①小题改为：I met Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport．显然，这句话是正确的，故为强调句。②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填where。
四、定语从句与习惯句型
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①It is the first time _____ she has been in Shanghai．
②It was the time _____ Chinese people had a hard life．
解析：这里①小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：It is／was the first／second ．．．time ＋that从句。故①填that，其意为：这是她第一次在上海。②小题the time是先行词，其后是表示时间的定语从句，故填when。
五、定语从句与单句
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①The mother told the lazy boy to work，_____ didn't help．
②The mother told the lazy boy to work．_____ didn't help．
解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词；而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应是主从句关系，因此需用关系词which，前面整个句子作先行词；②小题则填It，代替前面的整个句子。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。
定语从句与易混句型练与析
定语从句是历年高考试题中的考查热点之一，虽然其难度并不大，但许多考生对这一语法内容掌握得并不好，失分较多。做这一类题的关键是要能正确地分析出其结构来，即首先认出它是否为定语从句，然后再确定使用哪个连接词。定语从句易与其他句型混淆，需要仔细区分。现在我们来看看下列句型结构，请大家选择恰当的词填空（有的小题正确答案不只一个）。
Ⅰ．A．whom B．them C．they D．who
1．Mr Smith has three sons，none of ＿＿＿＿is a computer expert．
2．He has three sisters，＿＿＿＿＿are doctors．
3．She has three CDs，but none of＿＿＿＿＿is interesting．
4．I have many friends，and all of＿＿＿＿＿are nice and friendly．
5．Miss Yang has some relatives here；＿＿＿＿like her very much．
Ⅱ．A．where B．which C．in which D．that
1．Rice grows well ＿＿＿there is enough water．
2．I know the university ＿＿＿＿my parents worked ten years ago．
3．After th ewar，a new school building was put up ＿＿＿there had once been a theatre．4．The hospital ＿＿＿＿Mr Li was operated on in has taken on a new look．
Ⅲ．A．that B．when C．where D．who
1．It is on a summer afternoon ＿＿＿＿he met Liang Wei from Shanghai．
2．Is it on the farm ＿＿＿＿Mr Wang lives？
3．It is the farm ＿＿＿＿Mr Wang lives．
4．Is it Lang Weiwei ＿＿＿＿is speaking to a foreigner？
Ⅳ．A．that B．as C．who D．which
1．Nobody in our school has the same camera ＿＿＿＿you have．
2．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿does well in French．
3．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿all of us like to make friends with her．
Ⅴ．A．that B．which
1．The news ＿＿＿＿he told me sounds reasonable．
2．The news ＿＿＿＿China has joined the WTO excites all the Chinese．
Ⅵ．A．that B．when C．which
1．It is the first time ＿＿＿＿I have been here．
2．It was the time ＿＿＿＿we had a hard life．
［答案与简析］
Ⅰ．本组题考查定语从句与并列句的区别。第1和2小题是定语从句，正确答案分别是A和D；第3和4小题有并列连词but和and，为并列句，每句只能有一个连接词，故正确答案均为B；第5小题中的前后两部分用分号连接，是两个并列分句，无需连接词，故C 项正确。
Ⅱ．本组题考查定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。第1和3小题均无先行词，是表示地点的状语从句，只能用where引导，故答案均为A；第2小题是定语从句，A和C两项均正确；第4小题是定语从句，由于有介词in，故B、D两项均正确。Ⅲ．本组题考查定语从句与强调句的区别。强调句的结构为：It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何部分，而且强调人时，还可用who代替that。注意这一句型中不能因为被强调部分是时间或地点，就想当然地用when或where代替that。第1和2小题是强调句，故A项正确。可用此技巧解题：先把强调句中的It is／was．．．that去掉，再把被强调
部分调到句末，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。可将第1和2小题分别改为：He met Liang Wei from Shanghai on a summer afternoon．Mr Wang lives on the farm．显然，两句均正确，故为强调句。第3小题是定语从句，用上述技巧可知缺介词on，故C项正确；第4小题也是强调句，强调人，故A、D两项均正确。
Ⅳ．本组题考查结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。第1小题是as引导的定语从句，即the same．．．as结构，as在从句中作宾语，第2小题也是as引导的定语从句，即such．．．as 结构，as在从句中作主语，故答案均为B。第3小题是such．．．that结果状语从句，关键区别在于that在状语从句中不作任何成分，故正确答案为A。
Ⅴ．本组题考查同位语从句与定语从句的区别。that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，只是用来解释或说明先行词的内容，而定语从句中的that在从句中作主语或宾语。第1小题是定语从句，因为tell缺直接宾语，故A和B项均正确；第2小题从句中不缺主、宾语，是同位语从句，故A项正确。
Ⅵ．本组题考查固定结构与定语从句的区别。第1小题是“It（This）is／was．．．time that ＋从句”结构，意为“这是某人第几次干某事”，故A项正确；第2小题为时间作先行词的定语从句，故B项正确。
第二部分近三年高考真题演练
1._____,Carolina couldn’t get the door open.[2005广东卷]
A. Try as she might
B. As she might try
C. She might as try
D. Might she as try
2.The American Civil War lasted for four years ______ the North won in the end.[2005广东卷]
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. then
3.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_____a cure for AIDS will be found.[2005广东卷]
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
4. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.[2005广东卷]
A. in which
B. by which
C. which
D. that
5. Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game. [05全国卷II]
A. why
B. what
C. who
D. that
6.I have many friends, _______some are businessmen.[2005全国卷II]
A. of them
B. from which
C. who of
D. of whom
7.That was a splendid evening. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. [2005安徽卷]
A. when
B. that
C. before
D. since
8.I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ____ I have to wait.[2005全国卷III]
A. in case
B. so that
C. in order
D. as if
9.The poor young man is ready to accept ______ help he can get. [2005全国卷III]
A. whichever
B. however
C. whatever
D. whenever
10.Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ______ they are different from your own.[2005湖南卷]
A. until
B. even if
C. unless
D. as though
11.The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _____ I did.[2005湖南卷]
A. as much as
B. as long as
C. as soon as
D. as far as
12.Danby left word with my secretary ______ he would call again in the afternoon. [2005浙江卷]
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
13. __ _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.[2005浙江卷]
A. When
B. After
C. As
D. Since
14.I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
[2005辽宁卷]
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. that
15.Do you have any idea _____ is actually going on in the classroom? [2005辽宁卷]
A. that
B. what
C. as
D. which
16.There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ______ she was an only child.[2005辽宁卷]
A. ever since
B. now that
C. even though
D. even though
17.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs_____ they are being trained.[2005江西卷]
A. in that
B. for that
C. in which
D. for which
18.My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever, _______, he could neither eat nor sleep.[2005江西卷]
A. as a result
B. after all
C. any way
D. otherwise
19.Your uncle seems to be a good driver,______,I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car.[2005江西卷]
A. even so
B. even though
C. therefore
D. so
20.The way he did it was different _______ we were used to.[2005江西卷]
A. in which
B. in what
C. from what
D. from which
21.The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ______ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. [2005江苏卷]
A. which; where
B. at which; which
C. at which; where
D. which; in which
22.Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process[过程] _______ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.[2005江苏卷]
A. until
B. but
C. unless
D. for
23.It is known to all that______ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.[2005重庆卷]
A. unless
B. whenever
C. although
D. if
24. ______ he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. [2005重庆卷]
A.A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
25. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ______ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _____ ,only because this, she had been forced to give up her job. [2005重庆卷]
A. when; how
B. how; when
C. how; how
D. why; why
26. Do you still remember the chicken farm _____ we visited three months ago?[2005春,北
京卷]
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. what
27. Simon thought his computer was broken _______ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.[2005春,北京卷]
A. until
B. unless
C. after
D. because
28.I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early _____ I can have time for a cup of tea.[2005 北京卷]
A. as soon as
B. as a result
C. in case
D. so that
29. ---- Why does she always ask you for help?
---- There is no one else _____, is there ? [2005 北京卷]
A. who to turn to
B. she can turn to
C. for whom to
D. for her to turn
30.It was some time ______ we realized the truth. [2005山东卷]
A. when
B. until
C. since
D. before
31.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _____ he thought was not enough. [2005山东卷]
A. where
B. how
C. what
D. which
32.He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge. [2005山东卷]
A. from which
B. after that
C. after which
D. from this
33. _____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.[2005上海卷]
A. What is required
B. What requires
C. It is required
D. It requires
34.If a shop has chair ______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.[2005上海卷]
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
35. See the flags on the top of the building？That’s ______ we did this morning. [2006全国卷I]
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. what
36.______he has limited knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. [2006全国卷I]
A. Since
B. Unless
C. As
D. Although
37. Please remind me____he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. [2006全国卷I]
A. where
B. when
C. how
D. what
38. —What did your parents think about your decision?
—They always let me do ______ I think I should. [2006全国卷II]
A. when
B. that
C. how
D. what
39. We thought there were 34 students in the dining hall, _______, in fact, there were
40.[2006全国卷II]
A. while
B. whether
C. what
D. which
40. —Could you do me a favor?
— It depends on ____ it was. [2006北京卷]
A. which
B. whichever
C. what
D. whatever
41. Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ____ don’t. [2006北京卷]
A. who,不填
B. 不填, who
C. who, who
D. 不填, 不填
42._____ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is [2006北京卷]
A. Unless
B. Because
C. Although
D. when
43. He found it increasingly difficult to read,_____his eyesight was beginning to fail.[2006北京卷]
A. and
B. for
C. but
D. or
44. A man can’t smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes while a man smiles with his lips alone. [2006湖南卷]
A. so
B. but
C. and
D. for
45. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,______ we gave some bells and glasses. [2006湖南卷]
A. to which
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. with which
46. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps. [2006湖南卷]
A. while
B. when
C. since
D. after
47. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action. [2006湖南卷]
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
48. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.[2006福建卷]
A. whose
B. which
C. of which
D. that
49. How long do you think it will be ____ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon.[2006福建卷]
A. when
B. until
C. that
D. before
50. In time of serious accident, _____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
[2006重庆卷]
A. whether
B. until
C. if
D. unless
51. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from school _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. [2006重庆卷]
A. why
B. that
C. where
D. because
52. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she
was, she had run back ______ she had come. [2006重庆卷]
A. of which
B. by which
C. in which
D. from which
53.In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _____ there is human suffering.[2006江西卷]
A. whoever
B. however
C. whatever
D. wherever
54. —Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
—Yes, there’s one point ______ we must insist on. [2006江西卷]
A. why
B. where
C. how
D. /
55.She was educated at Beijing University, ___ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. [2006陕西卷]
A. after that
B. from that
C. from which
D. after which
56. His plan was such a good one _______ we all agreed to accept it. [2006陕西卷]
A. as
B. that
C. so
D. and
57. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it ________. [2006陕西卷]
A. no matter how it may cost
B. how may it cost
C. how much may it cost
D. however much it may cost
58. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _____ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. [2006天津卷]
A. since
B. when
C. as
D. while
59. If you are traveling _____ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.
[2006天津卷]
A. in which
B. what
C. when
D. where
60. The Beatles,____many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.[2006天津卷]
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. as
61. There is much chance____ Bill will recover from his injury in time of race. [2006天津卷]
A. that
B. which
C. until
D. if
62. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _____ this was a memory she especially treasured. [2006广东卷]
A. as
B. if
C. when
D. where
63. “You can’t have this football back ______ you promise not to kick at my cat again, ” the old man said firmly. [2006广东卷]
A. because
B. since
C. when
D. until
64. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvement and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. [2006江苏卷]
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
65.______ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover. [2006江苏卷]
A. Even if
B. If only
C. While
D. Once
66. We haven’t settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.[2006江苏卷]
A. if
B. where
C. whether
D. that
67. We won’t keep winning games ______ we keep playing we ll. [2006浙江卷]
A. because
B. unless
C. when
D. while
68. ______ is on belief that improvement in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. [2006浙江卷]
A. As
B. That
C. This
D. It
69. I was given three books on cooking, the first______ I really enjoyed. [2006浙江卷]
A. of that
B. of which
C. that
D. which
70. We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together to talk.[2006山东卷]
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which
71. ______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championship. [2006山东卷]
A. No matter what
B. No matter which
C. whatever
D. whichever
72. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen? [2006山东卷]
A. in case
B. even if
C. unless
D. when
2019年高考英语语法填空专题复习(含答案)
2019年高考英语语法填空实战模拟 (名师精剖析解题技巧与方法+实战练习，值得下载练习) 篇一:语法填空答题技巧 {} 语法填空解题流程 {} 语法填空答题技巧 形式一有提示词类 (一)提供动词类 当设空处提供动词原形，设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词或 词类转化。其解题步骤为： 全国Ⅰ]But for tourists like me，pandas are its top __61__(attract)．[典例1][2016· [剖析]考查名词。句意：对于像我一样的游客，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词 top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。故填attraction。 [典例2][2016· 全国Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include __67__(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
[剖析]include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。故填introducing。 全国Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ [典例3][2016· (be) often acceptable. [剖析]分析句子结构可知，动名词短语Leaving the less...until tomorrow作主语，故63处应为谓语动词且应用单数形式。故填is。 (二)词性转换类 词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与副词间的相互转化形容词与名 词间的相互转化；形容词与动词间的相互转化；动词与名词间的相互转化等。其 解题步骤为： 全国Ⅰ]The title will be __63__(official)given to me at a ceremony [典例1][2016· in London. [剖析]考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。应填officially。 全国Ⅱ]Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a [典例2][2016· real sense of __62__ (achieve)． [剖析]考查名词。介词of后应用名词作宾语。故填achievement。 特别提醒：1.括号中所给词为形容词或副词时，也有可能是考查其比较等级。 [典例1]The__68__(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! [剖析]分析句子结构以及根据句意可知，此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，故答案为harder。 2．括号中所给词为名词时，有可能不是考查词性转换，而是考查单复数。 [典例2]．..for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river. [剖析]由定冠词the可知，此处应填名词，由谓语动词are和require可知此处 应用复数形式changes。 3．有个别空可能是词义转换题，词性不一定要变，主要是考查与词根意义相 反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-，im-等，在词根
2020届高考一轮复习英语语法专项十七：连_词
2020届高考一轮复习语法专项十七：连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。 （一）并列连词： 并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），as well as（既…又），both … and（不但…而且），not only … but also（不但…而且），not … but（不是…而是），neither … nor（既不…也不），either … or（不是…就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光荣的）yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot. （二）从属连词 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有： 引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as 引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as 引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter（无论）, even if (though) 引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as 引导结果状语从句的：so … that …, such … that … 引导目的状语从句的：so that …, in order that … 引导比较状语从句的：as … as …, not so (as) … as …, … than … 引导方式状语从句的：as if … 引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether 间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。 （三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别 1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别：①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替，等于“at the time that”, “during the time that”。例如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying；② when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于“at the time”，也就是说
最高考2016届高考英语语法精讲精练专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
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