2011年理工类职称英语教材新增文章

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2011年职称英语教材四大变化解析

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阅读理解新增文章（共4篇）

目录：

第三篇(C级)：Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor

第十八篇(B级)：Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics

第二十四篇(B级)：Preventing Chlid Maltreatment

第三十四篇(A级)：Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance

第三篇

Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor

The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.

Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger，especially women.

According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute，more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.

“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lu ng cancer，”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.

He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them，1,483 were male.

Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke，according to the report.

However，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term，close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.

About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.

However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.

“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day，I must stay in the kitchen to cook，" said Xu Li. a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad for the skin，but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer .I have already started frying less.’’

Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition，but was closely related to family cancer history，unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.

Other experts agreed with He.3

"Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men，" said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College. "It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”

He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.

The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.

词汇：

fume n.烟，气，汽 fry v.油炸，油煎

tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤 unventilated vt.使不通风

cancern.癌瘤 adjacent adj.临近的

breast/brest/n.乳房，胸dietary adj饮食的

incidence n.发生(率) immune adj 免疫的

diagnosis n.诊断 honorary adj.名誉上的;荣誉的

inhale v.吸人 respiratory adj.呼吸的

irritate vt.使疼痛，刺激 stall n.货摊

注释：

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c82616114.html,plain原意是“抱怨，诉苦”，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示“主诉"。

2.aajacent to：与……相毗邻，临近……(地方)

3.Other experts agreed with He.其他专家同意何医生的意见。agree with sb：同意某人的意见。 agree with sth：同意什么东西。agree to do sth：同意做什么事情。

4.by far the biggest cause：最最大的原因。by far是用来做形容词最高级the biggest的状语，对形容词最高级起强调作用。本来形容词最高级就已经是最高了，可是说话的人还要对它再强调出来，所以就相当汉语的“最最……"的意思。

5.…warned people not to stand near of stalls selling…：警告人们不要站在卖……的货摊附近。也可以说成“...warned peo ple off stalls selling.…”。

6.…if exposed to the fume for a long time...…·如果长时间接触这种烟的话。expose sb.to sth.原意是“使……(人)暴露于……(物)”，但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到……(物)”的意思。此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于“if one is exposed to the fume for a long time”。

练习：

1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?

A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.

B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.

C Patients with lung cancer become older，especially males.

D Patients with lung cancer become younger，especially females.

2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?

A Heart disease.

B Breast cancer.

C Infectious diseases.

D Lung cancer.

3.What symptoms may be complmned of by most women with lung cancer after long term.close

contact with cooking oil fumes?

A Irritated eyes and throat.

B Severe pain in both lungs.

C Continuous cough and headache.

D Difficulty in breathing.

4.What was the local women’s reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?

A Happy.

B Surprised.

C Angry.

D Careless.

5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women’s lung cancer?

A Family cancer history.

B Unhealthy dietary habits.

C Weak immune systems.

D Personal health and physical condition.

答案与题解：

1.D 文章第二段明确提到，肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”。

2.B文章第三段说到，“肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，发病率第二高”，可见乳腺癌才是最常见的疾病。

3.A文章第七段说到，“60%以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受”。

4.B 文章倒数第七段明确说到，“当妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶"。

5.D 回答此题时，首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字，即had few links to…和was closely related to…，其中link to意为connection with，而relate to则意为connect with，都是“联系”的意思，只是few和closely

的差别却很大。few和little一样，都是具有否定意义的词，意为“很少，几乎没有"，只是后面的名词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已;它们与a few和a little不同，a few和a little具有肯定意义，意为“有几个”和“有一点”，后面的名词同样分别为可数名词和不可数名词。如果这一点明白了，也就很容易回答这道题了

第十八篇

Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics

Most older people with so-called typeⅡdiabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes iust three times a week，according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.

Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet's Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body’s ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent，the newspaper reported.

This is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today，it said.

Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II，all more than 60 years of age，exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’ muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.2

Associate Professor3 Dr. Hemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthy non- exercising persons.

“This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes，4 but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off5 the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment，”Dela was quoted as saying.6

Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas，controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.

Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat，but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off8 after five days without sufficient exercise.

Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of9 the importance of exercise，Dela added.

词汇：

Insulin n.胰岛素 utilise(=utilize) vt.利用，使用

diabetic adj.(患)糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者 medication n.药物，药物治疗

subject n.实验对象

diabetes n.糖尿病;多尿症 utilisation(=utilization) n.利用，使用

brisk adj.轻快的;活泼的，活跃的

Copenhagen n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都) saying n.格言

hormone n.激素

muscle n.肌肉 pancreas n.胰(腺)

注释：

1.be equal to：等于

2. as a measure for how well their insulin worked：作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。从语法上分析，how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。

3.associate professor：副教授

4.…cannot cure people of diabetes：不能治好人们的糖尿病。cure sb.of sth.：给某人医治某病。例如：This medicine should cure you of your cold.这药准能治好你的感冒。

5.put off：推迟，延期

6.Dela was quoted as saying：Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。注意谓语是被动语态。

7.work up：逐步引起，激起

8.wear off：逐渐消失

9.(be) unaware of sth.：不知道，没觉察

练习：

1.How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?

A By taking more salt.than usual.

B By taking less salt than usual.

C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.

D By going climbing，swimming or boxing every day.

2.Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin by

A 70 per cent.

B 30 per cent.

C 60 per cent.

D only a few per cent.

3.The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included

A elderly non-diabetic men.

B elderly type II diabetic men.

C both sexes of all ages.

D both A and B.

4.To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect?

A To the degree where they begin to sweat.

B To the degree where they feel exhausted.

C To the point when they feel thirsty.

D To the point when they have to take insulin.

5.According to Dela，among most diabetics the importance of exercise is the importance of watching their diet.

A as poorly understood as

B as well understood as

C less understood than

D better understood than

答案与题解：

1.C文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至终都没有提到。

2.B 文章第二段说到，体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。

3. D此题答案在文章第四段，实验对象既有II型糖尿病患者，也有健康人，而且都是60岁以上的男人。

4.A 文章倒数第二段说到，体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。

5. C最后一段明确说到，大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食，但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性

第二十四篇

Preventing Child Maltreatment

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.Data for many countries， especially low-and middle-income countries，are lacking.

Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless. international studies reveal that approximately 20%of women and 5-10%of men report being sexually abused as children，while 25-50%of all children report being physically abused. Additionally，many children are subject to1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).

Every year，there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem，as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls，bums and drowning.

Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4

Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment，there is an economic impact，including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.

A number of risk factors for child maltreatmenthave been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts,

but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.

It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated ,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent ,being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6

词汇：

maltreatment n.虐待 impair vt.损害

consequence n.结局，结果 via prep.通过，用

prevalence n.流行 transmit vt.传染，传播

approximately adv.大约，大概 likelihood n.可能性

abuse vt &n.滥用;虐待 adolescent n.青春期之男孩或女孩

homicide n.杀人

attribute vt.归因于persistently adv.坚持地，持续地

disruption n.扰乱

注释：

l. be subject to：遭受……

2.be referred to as：被当做……

3.be attributed to：把……归因于……

4. Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural.physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences，maltreatment can contribute to heart disease，cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted infections.

因此，那些曾被虐待的儿童，到了成人期，在行为、生理以及心理等方面出现疾病的危险性大大增加。通过行为和心理上对健康的影响，虐待又会导致其出现心脏病、癌症、自杀以及性传播疾病等。

5.to blame for：因……怪罪，责怪(某人)

6.A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated，such as being either under four years old or an adolescent，being unwanted，or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs，crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.

有几大特征会增加儿童受虐待的可能性，如四岁以下或正处于青春期，被觉得是多余的，或者不能实现父母的愿望，有特殊要求，不停地哭闹或者身体有异常等。

练习：

1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT according to the passage.

A child maltreatment is a global problem

B there is no exact date about low-and mid-income countries

C there is a shortage of the professional date collectors

D different scientists use different research methods

2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood.

B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused.

C 25-50% of children were psychologically abused.

D 60-75%of children were neglected by their parents.

3.Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT according to the passage.

A drowning in swimming

B diarrhea

C burns

D falls

4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?

A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when、he grows up.

B Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and immune systems.

C Child maltreatment damages his early brain development.

D The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood.

5.The maltreated chidlren often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT according to the passage.

A they frequently and easily cry

B they are in infant’s or in adolescent period

C they are often neglected by their parents or friends

D thev often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents

答案与题解：

1.C 文中第一段提到了虐待儿童是一全球问题，无法获得中低收入国家中儿童受虐数字资料，第二段开头提到了儿童受虐数字难以统计的另外一个原因，即研究方法的差异性，只有专业统计人员是否缺乏没有提及，因此答案为C。

2.B文中第二段对数字有明确说明。

3.B 文中第三段指出每年15岁以下儿童死亡大概在31，000人，该数字大大低估了实际情况，是因为有相当多的由于受虐而导致死亡的儿童被归因为摔死、烧死、淹死。没有明确指出腹泻，因此可推断出该题答案为B。

4.A 文中提到虐待儿童会导致其出现身体上的疾病，包括神经系统，免疫系统，大脑发育，以及成年后出现的疾病，但那没有提到是否会对其记忆力产生影响，因此，答案为A。

5.D参见注释

第三十四篇

Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance

The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem.

WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to 1imit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

An article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)，and，in particular，has raised, awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.

While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear，this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission，and to define the most effective measures for control.

Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments. the pharmaceutical industry，and international agencies.

WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use，including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics：introducing or

enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures. including the use of hand-washing measures，particularly in healthcare facilities.

Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.

WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies，and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.

词汇：

Evade vt.逃避，避开 prudent adj.慎重的，谨慎的

Pose vt.提出 monitor vt.监控

alternative adj.可供选择的(途径或事物) surveillance n.监视，监管

rational adj.合理的，有理性的

implement vt.实现，实施 adherence n.坚持，固守

strain n.种类 document vt.证明，支持

reinforce vt.加强力量 relevant adj.相关的

注释：

1.be alert to：对……警觉，注意

2.The Lancet Infectious Diseases：《柳叶刀一传染病》期刊

3.antimicrobial resistance(AMR)：抗菌药物耐药性

练习：

1.Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?

A. The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.

B The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past，so the researchers are more interested.

C The antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry.

D The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria.

2.Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?

A The issue of AMR led the scientists to be alert to the new human gene.

B A new drug will be soon available for any multi-drug resistant bacteria.

C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.

D AMR aroused the awareness of the scientists to the infections caused by the antibiotics.

3. Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?

A Those who use antibiotics.

B Those who sell antibiotics.

C Those who produce antibiotics.

D Those who study in universities.

4.All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPT

A education to the users of antibiotics.

B control on the use of antibiotics in health facilities.

C introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics.

D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they Can use.

5.What can you infer from the passage?

A WHO can only recommend the governments to control and prevent the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms.

B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control.

C Without the support from WHO，no country can be safe in the war against the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms.

D WHO will spare no effort in antimicrobial resistance in 2010 and will set a special day for it in 2011.

答案与题解：

1.A文中第一段指出，有些致病菌对现有的抗生素产生了一定的耐药性，而目前有效的替代药物还没有出现，这是一个棘手的问题，因此引起了全球关注。因此，答案为A。

2.C 文中第二段说明，杂志中提到发现了一种几乎对所有抗生素都具有抵抗性的新的细菌，这一发现引起了世人对AMR，尤其是对耐药菌感染的关注。因此，答案为C。

3.D 文中提到应对AMR特别关注的人群包括：消费者，医院管理人员，病人，政府，药品生产企业以及一些国际机构，文中没有提到大学机构。因此，答案为D。

4.D WHO提出的建议包括：对AMR进行监管，合理使用抗生素，教育公众及医务人员要正确使用抗生素，立法限制非处方购买抗生素以及对感染采用预防和控制措施，没有提到限制医院储备抗生素。因此，答案为D。

5.B 虽然目前还没有发现更有效的新抗生素，但文中提到在许多国家对耐药性微生物的控制取得了很大成功，而且目前的预防手段仍然能够有效减少耐药微生物的传播。因此，答案为B

完型填空新增文章（共4篇）

目录：

第二篇(C级)：Influenza

第七篇(B级)： Exercise

第八篇(B级)：Food Safety and Foodborne Illness

第十二篇(A级)：Pandemic H1N1 2009

第二篇

Influenza

Influenza has been with us a long time. According （1） some Greek writers on medical history, the outbreak of 412 B.C. was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness that swept through1 the Greek army （2 ）Syracuse in 395 B.C. Flu is a disease that moves most quickly among people （3） in crowded conditions，hence，it is likely to attack armies.

During the nineteenth century there were five widespread （4） of influenza. The last of the five （5 ）in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time. Like the recent outbreak，（6）started in Asia.

For more than forty years before that outbreak，influenza had steadily （7 ）and was believed to be dying out.2 A new group of outbreaks was introduced by the great outbreak of 1889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century flu （8） a constant threat.

In April 1918 flu broke out3 among American troops stationed in France. It quickly spread through all the armies but caused relatively （9） deaths. Four months later，（10 ），a second outbreak started which proved to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also （11 ）young adults. It went through4 every country in the world，only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining （12 ）.It brought the life of whole countries （13），food supplies stopped and work loss was very great. Before the great outbreak ended. it （14 ）

at least 15 million people. Thereafter there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world. It is thus （15 ）that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.

词汇：

Influenza n.流行性感冒 constant adj.经常发生的

outbreak n.爆发 troop n.(常用复数)军队，部队

Syracuse n.叙拉古(意大利西西里岛东南部一海港) station vt.驻扎

Atlantic adj.大西洋的;n.(the Atlantic)大西洋

Widespread adj.普遍的，散布很广的

Pacific adj.太平洋的;n.(the Pacific)太平洋

Steadily adv.稳定地

Quarter n.四分之一 thereafter adv.此后，其后

注释：

1.sweep through：席卷，横扫

2.die out：消失，不复存在

3.break out：突然发生;爆发

4.go through：走遍

练习：

1.A at B to C in D from

2.A being attacked B having been attacked C attacked D attacking

3.A sitting B standing C living D appearing

4.A outbreaks B incidents C accidents D cases

5.A changed B happened C arise D descend

6.A it B they C which D those

7.A enlarged B strengthened C decreased D increased

8.A was no longer B went out of C ceased to be D remained

9.A few B many C countless D innumerable

10.A in addition B however C therefore D moreover

11.A weak B disabled C sick D healthy

12.A touching B touched C untouched D having touched

13.A stop B stopping C stopped D to stop

14.A killed B has killed C had killed D has been killing

15.A clear B strange C uncertain D questionable

答案与题解：

1.B 四个选项中、只有to可以与according连用，意为“根据，按照”，与上下文意思吻合。

2.D 四个选项中只有attacking 合适。attack是及物动词，用它的现在分词作为army的定语，后面还带有它的宾语Syracuse，其他三个选项都是表示被动的意思，不仅语法上无法使用，意思上也说不通。

3.C 从语法上看，四个选项都可以使用，但从意思上分析，只有C项最符合逻辑，最恰当。

4.A 四个选项中，B、C、D的意思分别为“(小)事件”、“(意外)事故”和“病例，案例”，显然不符合上下文意思，只有A项(“爆发”)恰当。

5.B 四个选项中A、C、D的意思分别为“改变，变化”、“上升，升高”和“下降”，均与上下文意思不符，只有B项(“发生")恰当。

6.A上面说到，“这五次大爆发的最后一次出现于1889年……像最近一次大爆发一样，它起源于亚洲"，此空白处从语法上分析，应该是一个能够代替那次爆发的主语，it是最恰当的;用which就不恰当，因为这里不可能是一个非限制性定语从句，况且which是指the recent outbreak还是指the last of the five也不明确，因此绝对不能用which。

7.C从上下文意思看，尤其是空白后面所说的“被认为正在消失"，因此此处只能是逐步“减少"的意思，绝不能是“扩大”、“加强”、“增加”等其他意思。

8.D 本空白处前面说到，“1889-1990年那次大爆发引发了一批新的大爆发”，后面接着的显然应该是“此后四分之一世纪流感的威胁仍然是经常不断"，也就是选项D的意思，其他三个选项意思都相反。

9.A 回答这道题时，首先要注意but这个表示转折的连接词的存在，也就是它提示了应该选择few这个选项，其他三个选项意思都相反。few deaths意思是“死的人不多”。

10.B上面说到，“上次爆发死的人不多”，后面说到，“这一次可是一个杀手”，可见这个空白处应该是一个表示转折的插入语，四个选项中只有B是表示转折的，其他三个不是表示“递进”(A、D)就是表示“因果"(C)的。

11.D 从本空白处的句子中完全可以猜出答案应该是healthy，因为not only…but also可以起到很明显的提示作用，前面说old and sick，后面自然是young and healthy。

12.C从前后文可以很容易猜到，只有少数地方幸免于难，因此只有选项C

合适，其他三项都不恰当。

13.D 回答这道题时涉及一个词组的用法：bring sb./sth.to do sth.，意思是“促使……去做……"，知道这个用法就会选择D。

14.C 本句的意思就是，“在这次大爆发之前，它已经杀死了最少1500万人"，语法上，在这样的句子中，主句谓语必须用过去完成时，用以表示“过去的过去"，即“在……之前已经……”，因此其他选项均不合适。

15.A 从上下文看，只有clear才恰当，其他三项的意思在这里都不合适。It is thus clear that…是一个很常见的组合，意思是：“由此可见……"或“因此，很明显……"

第七篇

Exercise

Weather or not exercise adds （1） the length of life，it is common experience that a certain （2） of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being.

Furthermore，exercise （3） involves play and recreation，and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing，is not only pleasant but beneficial.

How much and what kind of exercise one should （4） merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports.1They fatigue to the （5）of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with （6 ）of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is （7 ）vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question （8 ）to answer. Individual variability is （9） great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The safe limit for exercise （10）on the condition of the heart，the condition of the muscles，the type of exercise，and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions，however，will （11 ）as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be （12）periodically by careful，thorough physical examinations. The （13 ）is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.

What type of exercise one should （14）depends upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports，but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities.2Walking，swimming，skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate （15） throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.3

词汇：

well-being n.康乐 exhaustion n.筋疲力尽

recreation n.娱乐，消遣promptly adv.迅速地

fatigue n.疲劳 moderation n.适度，适中

thrill vt.vi. 激动 variability n.变异性，可变性

exhilaration n.高兴;振奋 generalization n.一般化，普遍化

strenuous adj.紧张的;费力的

folly n.愚蠢，蠢事 competitive adj.竞争的，比赛的

regularity n.规律性

periodically adv.定期地 skate vi.滑冰

vigorous adj.精力充沛的，有力的 enjoyment n.享受，欢乐，愉快

注释：

1，The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of

strenuous sports.发育中的儿童和一般的青年男女都会因紧张剧烈的运动而激动不已。

2.…but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities.……但大多

数老年人最好还是把自己的活动限制在不太剧烈的程度之内。do better to do sth.：最好做……事情。limit sb./sth.to sth.：把……限制在……(范围内)。

3.Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.如果任何人想从体育锻炼中获得最大的乐趣和益处，那么有规律是很重要的事情。be to do sth.：打算做……(事情)。这里的be

是助动词，与不定式一起构成谓语，表示预定、命令、责任、义务、意图、可能性等，意思是：“准备、应该、必须、打算"。例如：

We are to meet at 5.我们计划五点见面。

At what time am I to come? 我应该在什么时候来?

You are not to do that.不许你那么做。

练习：

1.A for B to C at D of

2.A heaviness B highness C amount D number

3.A which B where C when D why

4.A carry B make C bring D take