上海市2018年初三静安区一模试题及答案

上海市2018年初三静安区一模试题及答案
上海市2018年初三静安区一模试题及答案

静安区2017学年度第一学期初三质量调研

语文试卷

(满分:150分完成时间:100分钟,在答题纸上完成)

2018年1月

一、文言文(40分)

(一)默写(15分)

1.去年今日此门中,。(《题都城南庄》)

2. ,心忧炭贱愿天寒。(《卖炭翁》)

3.衣带渐宽终不悔,。(《蝶恋花·伫倚危楼风细细》)

4.复行数十步,。(《桃花源记》)

5.,锦鳞游泳。(《岳阳楼记》)

(二)阅读下面的词,完成第6-7题(4分)

题破山寺后禅院

【唐】常建

清晨入古寺,初日照高林。

曲径通幽处,禅房花木深。

山光悦鸟性,潭影空人心。

万籁此都寂,但余钟磬音。

6.“万籁此俱寂”的“此”指(2分)

7.下列理解不正确的一项是()(2分)

A.首联写景使人感到古寺之静穆。

B.颔联描写了禅房的美妙幽寂。

C.颈联以鸟儿之乐反衬诗人之苦。

D.尾联以有声衬无声突出禅院的幽静。

(三)阅读下文,完成第8-10题(9分)

捕蛇者说(节选)

柳宗元

蒋氏大戚,汪然出涕,曰:“君将哀而生之乎?则吾斯役之不幸,未若复吾赋不幸之甚也。向吾不为斯役,则久已病矣。自吾氏三世居是乡,积于今六十岁矣。而乡邻之生日蹙,殚其地之出,竭其庐之入。号呼而转徙,饿渴而顿踣。触风雨,犯寒暑,呼嘘毒疠,往往而死者,相藉也。曩与吾祖居者,今其室十无一焉。与吾父居者,今其室十无二三焉。与吾居十二年者,今其室十无四五焉。非死即徙尔,而吾以捕蛇独存。悍吏之来吾乡,叫嚣乎东西,隳突乎南北;哗然而骇者,虽鸡狗不得宁焉。吾恂恂而起,视其缶,而吾蛇尚存,则弛然而卧。谨食之,时而献焉。退而甘食其土之有,以尽吾齿。盖一岁之犯死者二焉,其余则熙熙而乐,岂若吾乡邻之旦旦有是哉。今虽死乎此,比吾乡邻之死则已后矣,又安敢毒耶?”

8.初中阶段,我们还学过柳宗元的文章《》、《》。(2分)

9.翻译文中的画线句(3分)

君将哀而生之乎?

10.以下对选文理解错误的一项是()(3分)

A.蒋氏认为赋敛之不幸远甚于捕蛇之不幸。

B.乡邻们非死则徙的惨境是赋敛所造成。

C.蒋氏多次直接表明不愿恢复赋税。

D.蒋氏对于捕蛇无怨是假,无奈是真。

(四)阅读下文,完成11-14题(13分)

唐俭与太宗弈,占先。上怒,出为潭州。余.怒未息,召尉迟敬德曰:“俭轻我,我欲杀之,卿为

我查证其过。”敬德拱手唯唯。明日廷奏,敬德顿首曰:“臣实不闻。”上追问者三,敬德坚持者三。上怒,碎玉盏于地,拂袖入,良久索食.,引三品以上皆入宴,上曰:“敬德今日益者各有三,朕有怒

过之美,俭有再生之幸,敬德有忠直之誉。”遂赏敬德一。群臣皆称万岁。

【注释】尉迟敬德,指尉迟恭,字敬德,唐代官员,曾助太宗即位。

11.下列与选文中加点词语意思相同的是:(共4分)

(1)余.怒未息()

A.尝贻余核舟一

B.邹忌修八尺有余.

C.其级七千有余.

D.以残年余.力

(2)良久索食.()

A.谨食.之,时而献焉

B.皆出酒食.

C.肉食.者谋之,又何间焉

D.退而甘食.其土之有

12.对文中画线句意思理解最恰当的一项是()(3分)

A.我有怒斥过失之臣的美德。

B.我有自责过失的美德。

C.我有让怒气消失之美德。

D.我有怒气消失的美德。

13.请引用原文回答(共4分)

(1)敬德接受唐太宗交代的任务先是“ ”,查证后则是“”。

(2)敬德抗君之命,太宗的态度先是“”,后是“”。

14.唐太宗是明君,本文能表现他优秀品质的一项是()(2分)

A.从善如流

B.察纳雅言

C.是非立辨

D.自我反省

二、现代文(40分)

(一)阅读下文,完成15-19题(19分)

锔瓷技艺

①锔瓷,是指陶瓷器修补技术。

②中国是瓷器的发源地,瓷器光亮圆润、坚固耐磨,因而广泛用于日常生活。但瓷器易碎,且无法通过粘合或捆绑复原。在生活水平低下的年代,市场有碎瓷再生的需求,同时瓷器可制成工艺品,有的晶莹剔透,有的大器沉雄。这些作品往往出于大师之手,不可重复,不得再生,只有修补。于是,锔瓷技术便应运而生。

③锔瓷需要金刚钻,因为瓷器的硬度非常高,其它金属钻头都无法钻孔打眼,所以民间有“没有金刚钻,别揽瓷器活”的说法。

④锔瓷讲究精工细作,比如紫砂壶的锔补,因为壶壁较薄,锔钉眼的深度要控制在壶壁的一半,这种精确到毫米的工作,完全靠工匠的手感,用力稍欠,深度不够,则事倍功半;用力稍过,壶壁钻透,则前功尽弃。再如形似订书钉的“锔钉”,两只脚打入钉眼时角度要好,否则难看不说,天长日久就走形了。

⑤在将碎瓷修补完好的基础上,如何使这些再生之器看得上眼,就要讲点艺术了。因为单纯的修补只是匠活,而修复却不觉丑陋,再生而没有缺憾,就接近艺术了。乾隆年间兴起的“锔活秀”,要求锔匠们在修补瓷器时,重视对器具的装饰,能将镶嵌、锻打等工艺融入锔补拼接中,于是对瓷器进行镶边、雕花、包口、刻字等修饰工艺便产生了。

⑥“锔以合道”是这项技艺的顶峰,碎瓷的每一条裂纹,每一道缝隙都有它的走势和趋向,工匠的匠心在于通过艺术构思,运用精湛的手艺,在残缺的器物上完成二次创作,此时的作品雅性自然;破碎的纹络或直或斜,亦直亦曲,状如枝蔓,形似闪电,自然而生,看似有为却若无为,从而达到“补而不失其真,修而愈增其美”的化境。

⑦锔瓷技艺的起源已无法考证,但《清明上河图》描绘了锔匠做活的一幕,可见它至少跨越了千年历程。锔瓷是一门成人之美的手艺,每一次成功修复破损的物件,就像是修复一份破损的感情,但社会在前进,伴随着中国工业化的发展和人民生活水平的提高,锔瓷技艺日渐式微,昔日穿街走巷的锔瓷工匠,已经淡出人们视野。

(选自《科普话报》有改动)15.从第②段可概括出锔瓷之技应运而生的原因是:(共4分)

(1)

(2)

16.下列对文章内容理解正.确.的一项是()(3分)

A.瓷器是一种兼具实用和审美价值的器具。

B.除钻石外其它金属也能用作金刚钻钻头。

C.举修补紫砂壶的例子说明锔瓷是一门艺术。

D.《清明上河图》可证锔瓷技艺起源于宋代。

17.第⑥段画线部分乃匠心所在,其含义是。(3分)

18.锔瓷之技有三个境界,可概括为:(共6分)

(1)

(2)看得上眼,讲点艺术。

(3)

19.中国传统民间技艺有七十二行当之说,很多行当与锔瓷技艺一样,渐渐消失,例如爆米花、捏泥人、纳鞋底、弹棉花等,请选择一种,简要说说你对这一技艺的了解。(3分)

(二)阅读下文,完成20-24题(21分)

塾师老汪

①老汪颀秀,留个分头,身着长衫,很有气派。老汪在开封府上学多年,也算是有学问了。但老汪口讷,紧张了还有些结巴。老汪在私塾教书,每一家干的时间都不长。

②沉浮七八年后,老汪终于在范家镇上落下了脚,镇上大户范子敬建书塾给小儿开蒙,慕汪先生之名,请他主持,学堂就设在大院西屋。。

③老汪引笔奋力,书“种桃书屋”四个大字作匾,魏碑凝重,笔力沉着,东家赞赏不已。

④东家心善,欢迎邻里孩子随读,不()报答,这样便吸引了十里八乡的莘莘学子。老汪治学严谨,认真传(),诲人不倦,但“之乎者也”毕竟不易,常常有学生死活搞不清,朽木不可雕也,圣

人的训诫几次都到了嘴边,他还是忍住了。小孩儿家,伤不得。天长日久,欲得天下之英才而育之的宏图大愿便打折扣了。更有甚者,是顽童与他倒着使劲。戒尺教训,他不忍,罚跪思过,他更不忍,故常自叹连当个平庸俗师都不成。如此进退失据,给他平添了无奈之苦恼。

⑤有天讲到“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎”,学生都以为远道来了朋友应该高兴。而老汪发挥道,“这个“远方”不仅是路途之远近,更应是心口之距离。近在比邻却相隔天涯,高兴个啥呀。就如你们,学而不勤,尽管都在我眼皮底下,朋侣乎?”说得学生都低头不语,老汪戚然含泪。

⑥每逢十五,老汪都放假半日。中午时分,他迈开大步,一往直前,时而顺着大路,时而行于阡陌,时而爬坡上山,夏天一身水,冬天一头汗,筋疲力尽才回。大家一开始觉得他有狂走怪癖,但经年累月地锲而不舍,也就另作猜测了。

⑦谷雨前几天,老范从前村收租子回来,老汪披着褂子正要出门。老范想起今天是月半,便趋步相问:“先生,这年复一年的,到底走个啥呢?”

⑧老汪道:“东家,一言难尽啊。”说完头也不回地上路了。

⑨这年端午节,老范招待先生吃饭,借酒酣微醺,又说到这事。此时老汪已半醉,趴在桌上哀哀而哭:“天地君亲师,我敬天重地,忠君尊师,都有交待了。只是父母养育无以为报,没法疏解啊。”

⑩老范一向尊重塾师。老汪这么一开腔,知道他定有难言之苦,便有意疏导他,说:“先生,愿闻其详。”

○11“我娘生我难产就走了,那年花开月正圆,但我们娘俩都苦命啊。父亲育我终生未续,他病重时我从开封往家赶,途中遇到曾大师与太平军打仗误了时辰,没赶上给他送终,我苦啊!那天也是花开月圆的十五,所以每逢这天我心结难解,走走散散,就好许多。”

○12老范听着老汪倒苦水,心里一阵悲凉,对老师益发敬重,便劝了句:“正午时分,野地里不干净,别碰着无常鬼怪。”

○13老汪摇头:“缘溪行,忘路之远近。”又说:“碰到无常也不怕,他要找我,我就跟他到爹娘那边去了。”

○14老汪的老婆叫银花,不识字,跟着老汪张罗学堂杂事。她收作业发本子,送茶扫地擦黑板,手脚勤快。

○15老汪嘴笨,银花却嘴快,但她开口尽是街谈巷语,嘴像刮风似的。人劝老汪:“先生是个有学问的人,你老婆那个嘴,你也劝劝。”

○16老汪一声叹息:“话语正经,偶尔有个偏差,值得我劝。倘若语不入道,何劝之有?”

○17银花有一个毛病,就是爱占便宜,老觉得吃亏。逛一趟集市,买人几棵葱,非得饶一头蒜;买人二尺布,缠着要一绺线。夏秋两季,总到地里捡荒,碰到谁家迟收的庄稼,也顺手牵羊捋上一把。从学堂出门离东家地亩近,所以他家的损失也多。

○18一次东家到后院看看牲口,管家老季跟了过来:“东家,我们另请良师吧。”

○19“为啥?”

○20“老汪教书,娃儿们都听不懂。”

○21“不懂才教,懂还教个啥?”

○22“其实,这也不是为了老汪。”

○23“那又为啥?”

○24“为他婆娘,爱顺庄稼。”

○25“娘们儿家。”老范挥挥手,“顺就顺呗,我范家五十顷地,这点算个啥?”顿了顿又说,“先生德才兼备,是个贤者,老季啊,我们要敬着他!”

○26这话被喂牲口的老宋——学生家长——传给了先生。老汪一听潸然泪下:“啥叫有朋自远方来?东家就是……世间真情啊!”

20.第④段前后两个括号内应该填入的词是()(2分)

A.授受

B.受授

21.第④段说老汪“进退失据”。(4分)

(1)这“进”是指。

(2)这“退”是指。

22.老汪悲欣多感,文章有三处加以表现。(6分)

(1)请仔细阅读,完成下表。(4分)

(2)在老汪的情感展现过程中,我们逐渐领会到文章的主旨表达,文章主旨是要表现

23.以下各项中阐述错误的一项是()(3分)

A.第⑥段画线句使用排比修辞,罗列了老汪狂走的方式。

B.老汪的老婆银花毛病很多,总是拖老汪的后腿。

C.根据自身阅历,老汪对“有朋自远方来”有自己的理解。

D.老范与管家的对话显示他是个宽厚大度善解人意的人。

24.东家对老汪的评价是“德才兼备”,其“德”可以概括为以下三点:(6分)

(1)

(2)

(3)

三、综合运用(10分)

25.阅读材料,完成以下试题

(1)下列对毛笔书法作品的字体和用笔特点判断正确的一项是(3分)

A.甲是楷书,笔画平直,书写时一笔一画独立完成,用笔多有提按,字形方正端庄。

B.乙是行书,用笔连贯,笔画间常有钩挑和牵丝,字形富于变化。

C.丙是隶书,蚕头燕尾,撇捺收笔时往往向上挑起,字形呈扁宽。

D.丁是草书,往往以符号代替偏旁,笔画飞动,连绵缠绕,纵放奔逸。

(2)请从以下备选项中选择一句作为上联,与下联“梅开如意春”构成一幅具有浓郁狗年特色的春联。()(4分)

A.神犬驱阴邪

B.灵犬报兴旺

C.犬守平安日

D.义犬迎新春

(3)中国剪纸是一种用剪刀或刻刀在纸上剪刻花纹,用于装点生活或配合其他民俗活动的民间艺术。请从构思和寓意角度对下面的剪纸作品进行简要赏析,50字左右。(4分)

四、写作(60分)

26.题目:打开另一扇门

要求:

①这份试卷中出现过的素材请不要使用。

②字数在600字左右。

③不要透露个人相关信息(如与本人有关的校名和姓名),若不可避免,请用代号表示,如A中学,B老师,小C。

④卷面整洁,字迹清楚。

静安区2017学年度第一学期初三质量调研

语文试卷参考答案

1.人面桃花相映红

2.可怜身上衣正单

3.为伊消得人憔悴

4.豁然开朗

5.沙鸥翔集

6.破山寺后禅院

7.C

8.小石潭记黔之驴

9.你将同情我,使我活不下来吗?

10.C

11.D B

12.D(3分)B(2分)C(1分)

13.拱手唯唯、坚持者再三;怒、赏

14.D(2分)A、B(1分)

15.(1)在生活水平低下的年代,市场有碎瓷再生的需求;

(2)工艺品出于大师之手,不可重复,不得再生,只有修补。(共4分)

16.A

17.通过艺术构思,运用精湛的手艺,在残缺的器物上完成二次创作。

18.(1)精工细作,修补完好。(3)锔以合道,达到化境。

19.能答出该技艺的本质属性或操作中的特征性过程(步骤),都给3分。

例1:爆米花是一种膨化食品的加工工艺。取适量的玉米(或大米、小米)放入爆米花锅内,并封好顶盖,再把爆米锅放在火炉上不断转动使之均匀受热后,就可爆出爆米花来。

例2:捏泥人是以泥巴为材料,通过手工制作工艺品并施上色彩的技艺。制作时,泥人在手中捏、挤、拉、伸,手中的压子(一种柳叶形的工具)随时配合勾、抹、挑、搓。

例3:弹棉花是一种使棉花蓬松(或恢复棉花弹性)的传统手艺。弹花时用弹花锤击打弓弦,将棉花弹松。

例4:纳鞋底是一种在鞋底上面密密地缝,使它结实耐磨的古老手艺。纳鞋底时,将鞋底固定在夹板上,一手拿针推,一手拿穿好线绳的针,来回穿梭。

20.B

21.(1)得天下之英才而育之的宏图大愿;(2)当一个平庸俗师。(共4分)

22.(1)①戚然含泪(1分)②为父母早亡无以为报而感到痛苦(2分)③潸然泪下(1分)

(2)世间自有真情(2分)

23.B

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5.下列四个图形中,既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形的是( ) A . B . C . D . 6.在一个不透明纸箱中放有除了标注数字不同外,其他完全相同的3张卡片,上面分别标有数字1,2,3,从中任意摸出一张,放回搅匀后再任意摸出一张,两次摸出的数字之和为奇数的概率为( ) A . 59 B . 49 C . 56 D . 13 7.二次函数2 (0)y ax bx c a =++≠的图像如图所示,下列结论正确是( ) A .0abc > B .20a b +< C .30 a c +< D .230ax bx c ++-=有两个不相等的实数根 8.已知二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c(a≠0)的图象如图所示,当y >0时,x 的取值范围是 ( ) A .-1<x <2 B .x >2 C .x <-1 D .x <-1或x >2 9.二次函数y=ax 2+bx+c (a≠0)的图象如图所示,则在下列各式子:①abc>0;②a+b+c>0;③a+c>b ;④2a+b=0;⑤?=b 2-4ac<0中,成立的式子有( ) A .②④⑤ B .②③⑤ C .①②④ D .①③④ 10.已知二次函数y =ax 2+bx+c 中,y 与x 的部分对应值如下: x 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

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