2011年职称英语卫生类完形填空新增文章篇目
2011年职称英语卫生类新增文章篇目
卫生类完形填空新增文章篇目
第二篇 Influenza 流行性感冒
*第七篇 Exercise 体育运动
*第八篇 Food Safety and Foodborne Illness 食物安全与食源性疾病
+第十二篇 Pandemic H1N11 2009 2009年H1N1大流行
第二篇
Influenza
Influenza has been with us a long time．According___ to __ some Greek writers on medical history，the outbreak of 412 B.C．was of influenza．The same has been suggested of the sickness that swept through l the Greek army__attacking Syracuse in 395 B．C． Flu is a disease that moves most quickly among people_ living _ in crowded conditions，hence，it is likely to attack armies．
During the nineteenth century there were five widespread outbreaks of influenza．The last of the five__ happened ___ in l889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time．Like the__ it ____started in Asia．
For more than forty years before that outbreak，influenza had steadily decreased ＿ and was believed to be dying out.2 A new group of outbreaks was introduced by the great outbreak of l889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century flu _reamained __ a constant threat．
In April 1918 flu broke out3 among American troops stationed in France．
It quickly spread through all the armies but caused relatively____9____deaths．Four months later，____10____，a second outbreak started which proved to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also____11_____young adults．It went through4every country in the world，only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining____12 ____．It brought the life of whole countries_____l3____，food supplies stopped and work loss was very great．Before the great outbreak ended，it___l4___ at least l5 million people．Thereafter there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world．It is thus____15_____ that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.
练习：
1．A at B to C in D from
2．A being attacked B having been attacked C attacked D attacking 3．A sitting B standing C living D appearing 4．A outbreaks B incidents C accidents D cases
5．A changed B happened C arise D descend
6．A it B they C which D those
7．A enlarged B strengthened C decreased D increased 8．A was no 1onger B went out of C ceased to be D reamained 9．A few B many C countless D innumerable 10．A in addition B however C therefore D moreover 11．A weak B disabled C sick D healthy 12．A touching B touched C untouched D having touched 13．A stop B stopping C stopped D to stop 14．A killed B has killed C had killed D has been killing 15．A clear B strage C uncertain D questionable
答案与题解：
1．B 四个选项中只有to可以与according连用，意为“根据，按照”，与上下文意思吻合。
2．D 四个选项中只有attacking合适。attack是及物动词，用它的现在分词作为army的定语，后面还带有它的宾语Syracuse，其他三个选项都是表示被动的意思，不仅语法上无法使用，意思上也说不通。，
3．C从语法上看，四个选项都可以使用，但从意思上分析，只有C项最符合逻辑，最恰当。4．A 四个选项中，8、C、D的意思分别为“(小)事件”、q(意外)事故"和“病例，案例”，显然不符合上下文意思，只有A项(“爆发”)恰当。
5．B 四个选项中A、C、D的意思分别为“改变，变化”、“上升，升高”和“下降”，均与上下文意思不符，只有B项(“发生")恰当。
6．A上面说到，“这五次大爆发的最后一次出现于l889年……像最近一次大爆发一样，它起源于亚洲"，此空白处从语法上分析，应该是一个能够代替那次爆发的主语，it是最恰当的；用which就不恰当，因为这里不可能是一个非限制性定语从句，况且which是指the recent outbreak还是指the last of the five也不明确，因此绝对不能用which。
7．C从上下文意思看，尤其是空白后面所说的“被认为正在消失"，因此此处只能是逐步“减少"的意思，绝不能是“扩大"、“加强”、“增加”等其他意思。
8．D 本空白处前面说到，“l889-1990年那次大爆发引发了一批新的大爆发”，后面接着的显然应该是“此后四分之一世纪流感的威胁仍然是经常不断”，也就是选项D的意思，其他三个选项意思都相反。
9．A 回答这道题时，首先要注意but这个表示转折的连接词的存在，也就是它提示了应该选择few这个选项，其他三个选项意思都相反。few deaths意思是“死的人不多”。10．B上面说到，“上次爆发死的人不多”，后面说到，“这一次可是一个杀手”，可见这个空白处应该是一个表示转折的插入语，四个选项中只有B是表示转折的，其他三个不是表示“递进"(A、D)就是表示“因果"(C)的。
11．D从本空白处的句子中完全可以猜出答案应该是healthy，因为not only...but also 可以起到很明显的提示作用，前面说old and sick，后面自然是young and healthy。12．C从前后文可以很容易猜到。，只有少数地方幸免于难，因此只有选项C合适，其他三项都不恰当。
13．D 回答这道题时涉及一个词组的用法：bring sb．／sth．to do sth．，意思是“促使……
去做……”，知道这个用法就会选择D 。
14．C本句的意思就是，“在这次大爆发之前，它已经杀死了最少l，500万人”，语法上，在这样的句子中，主句谓语必须用过去完成时，用以表示“过去的过去"，即“在……之前已经……”，因此其他选项均不合适。
15．A 从上下文看，只有clear才恰当，其他三项的意思在这里都不合适。It is thus clear That...是一个很常见的组合，意思是：“由此可见……"或“因此，很明显……"。
*第七篇
Exercise
Whether or not exercise adds __l__ the length of life，it is common experience that a certain__2__of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being．Furthermore, exercise__3__involves play and recreation，and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial. How much and what kind of exercise one should __4__ merits careful consideration．The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports．1They fatigue to the__5__of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest．But not so with__6__ of middle age and beyond．For them moderation is__7__ vital importance． Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question __8__to answer．
Individual variability is__ 9__ great to permit of generalization．A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another．The safe limit for exercise __lO__ on the condition of the heart，the condition of the muscles，the type of exercise，and the regularity with which it is taken．Two general suggestions，however，will __ll__ as sound advice for anyone．The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be__12__ periodically by careful，．thorough physical examinations．The__13__ is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion．
What type of exercise one should __14__ depends upon one’s physical condition．Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports，but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities．2 Walking，swimming，skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate __15__ throughout life．Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise．3
练习：
1．A for B to C at D of
2．A heaviness B highness C amount D number
3．A which B where C when D why
4．A carry B make C bring D take
5．A point B place C left D reverse
6．A these B this C those D that
7．A against B below C on D of
8．A easy B hard C impossible D unnecessary
9．A very B too C constantly D considerably
10．A depends B bases C acts D carries
11．A refer B regard C serve D treat
12．A delayed B defended C designed D determined
13．A other B another C one D same
14．A endure B choose C rebuild D produce
15．A with B from C in D on
答案与题解：
1．B 在四个选项中，add只可以与t0搭配，意为“增加"，正符合上下文的意思。
2．C 在四个选项中，A和B显然不符合逻辑，可供考虑的只有C和D。需要考虑的是， exercise这个词，如果作为“体育锻炼’’讲是不可数名词，只有作为“一项运动”讲时才是可数名词，根据上下文意思，exercise也不是用来强调体育项目的(没有用复数)，而amount正好与不可数名词连用，number则须与可数名词连用，故应选C。
3．A从语法上分析，主句主语exercise的谓语应该是is not only pleasant but beneficial，中间显然应该是一个定语从句，定语从句所缺少的是主语，故应选A。
4．D从语法上分析，one should+动词应该是前面那个主语的定语从句，只是定语从句的宾
语which／that被省略了，而四个选项中只有take可与exercise搭配，故应选D。
5．A 回答这一道题，首先要知道point这个词，既可表达时间(“时刻")或空间(“地点”)也可表达“程度”的意思，to the point of正是“达到……的地步／程度”的意思，符合上下文要求。
6．C本空格后面的0f middle age and beyond提示了本空格要填的词应该是指“人”的词，而且
不止一个人，从上下文看，these显然不合适，因为上文并没有特指哪些人，故只有C 合适。
7．D本句中is后面应该是表语部分，四个选项中只有of合适，of importance=important，of vital importance=very，very important .
8．B从语法上分析，这个空必须填上一个形容词作question的定语，从上下文分析，只能是hard合适，因为这里的hard=difficult.
9． B 前句已经说到，“不同年龄的人从事多少运动是一个难以回答的问题”，显然本句就应是“个人的差异太大，无法一概而论”，因此选择too是最恰当的。我们都知道，too．．．to．．．的结构具有否定的意义，too great to permit of generalization正是这个意思。
10．A虽然四个选项都可以与0n搭配，但act on是“按照……行动"的意思，carry on 是“进行”的意思，不符合上下文要求，只有depend on(“取决于……”)和base on(“根据……”)可以考虑，但base是及物动词，应该“base sth．on…”，故只能选择A。
11．C虽然四个选项都可以与as连用，但用法和意义各有不同，refer to sb．／sth．as：把……说成……；regard sb．／sth．as：把……当成……；treat sb．／sth．as把……
当成．．；均不符合上下文的要求，只有serve as(“充当……，作为……")才在语法上和意
义上恰当。
12．D前面A、B、C三个选项的词义分别为“推迟”、“保护”、“设计”，与上下文
意义风马牛不相及，只有D项“测定、确定”才是恰当选项。
13．A前面说到有两个一般性的建议，并且已提到“第一个"，那么“另一个”只能考
虑A、B两个选项了。二者都有“另一个"的意思，只是用法不同，another不用冠词，而the other则需要定冠词the，故选A。．
14．B 四个选项中A、C、D三个选项的意思与上下文相去甚远，只有B项合适。 0ne should choose是用来做前面主语的定语从句，在定语从句中省略了宾语that／which。
15．C 四个选项中只有in可与participate连用，意为“参加”，in的宾语是引导
定语从句的关系代词that.
*第八篇
Food Safety and Foodborne Illness食品安全与食源性疾病
Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue．Governments all over the world are 4ntensifying their efforts to improve food safety．These efforts are in response ___l___ an increasing number of food safety problems and___2___ consumer concerns．
Foodborne illnesses are___3___as diseases，usually either infectious or toxic
in nature，caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food．Every person is___4___risk of foodborne illness．
Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem，both in developed___5___ developing countries． The global___6___of foodborne disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005___7 ___ 8 million people died from diarrhoeal diseases1．A great___8___ of these cases can be attributed to contamination of f．ood and drinking
water．___9 ___ , diarrhoea is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children．2
In industrialized countries, the percentage of me population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been reported to be l0___10___30％．In the United States of America(USA)，for example，around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases，
___11___325，000 hospitalizations and 5，000 deaths，are estimated to occur each year．
While less well documented，developing countries bear the brunt of the problem due to the presence of a wide___l2___of foodborne diseases，including those caused
by parasites．3 The high___l3___of diarrhoeal diseases in many developing countries suggests major underlying food safety problems．
In partnership___l4___ other、stakeholders，WHO is developing policies that will
further promote the safety of food．These policies cover the entire food chain from production to consumption and will___l5___ different types of expertise．4
练习：
1．A to B against C with D towards
2．A raising B arising C rising D rosen
3．A declared B defined C derived D demanded
4．A with B within C at D in
5．A or B with C of D and
6．A incident B incidence C accident D instance
7．A lonely B alone C alonely D lone
8．A size B position C proportion D amount
9．A Nevertheless B However C Whatever D Additionally
10．A up to B down to C up towards D down towards
11．A resulting from B resulting in C resulted from D resulted in
12．A range B distance C order D arrangement
13．A prevailing B spreading C prevalent D prevalence
14．A of B for C from D with
15．A make use of B take use of C make use D take use
答案与题解：
1．A in response to是一介词短语，为固定搭配，表示“对……做出反应"，因此答案为A。
2．C 此空所在句子表示：上述这些努力主要是对越来越多的食品安全问题以及消费者越来越多的担忧作出的反应。A项是及物动词，表示“提高……”，此处不合适，B项不用来做定语，D项是过去分词形式，此处也不合适，因此答案为C。
3．B be defined as为一固定搭配，表示“……被定义为……”，其他是那个选项都不合题意，因此答案为B 。
4．C at risk of为一固定介词短语，表示“有……危险的”。另外三个介词选项都不能与risk相搭配，因此答案为C。
5．D both developed and developing countries表示“发达国家和发展中国家都……”，与both能搭配的应该是and，因此答案为D。
6．B incident是“事件”，incidence是“发生率”，accident是“意外事件，事故"，instance是“实例，例证”。此处的意思是食源性疾病在全球的发生率，因此答案为B。 7．B lonely是形容词，表示“孤单的"，lone也是形容词，表示“孤寂的，单独的”，alone作形容词时，表示“单独的，独自的"，其内涵与lonely相近，但也有副词的意思，表示“仅仅，只是”，只有该意符合本句要求，C项不存在，因此答案为B。．
8．C proportion表示“比例”，size表示“大小"，position表示“位置，地点”，amount 表示“数量"，修饰不可数名词。
9．D根据上下文，此处具体举出一个例子，与前文应为递进关系，因此答案为D。
10．A l0 up to 30％表示从l0％到30％，从低到高的数量关系，B项down to则表示从高到低，不符合题意。
11．B result from表示“起因于”，没有被动形式，result in表示“造成”，也没有被动形式，因此答案为B。
12．A a wide range of foodborne diseases表示各种各样的食源性疾病。
13．D prevailing形容词，表示“盛行的”，prevalent也是形容词，表示“流行的”，spreading为spread的分词形式，表示“伸展，扩张，延伸"等，prevalence名词，表示“发病，流行”。此处需填入一个名词，因此选D。
14．D参见注释。
15．A参见注释。
+第十二篇
Pandemic H1N11 2009
The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern European countries．A high intensity of respiratory diseases activity___1____concurrent circulation of pandemic influenza still____2_____ parts of southern and eastern Europe，____3____in Greece，Poland，and Ukraine． In Western Europe，influenza____4____remains active and widespread，but overall disease activity has peaked．All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1Nl 2009，however，very small____ 5____of seasonal influenza viruses，covering less than l％of all influenza viruses_______6______，were reported in Russia．____7____，limited available data indicate that active，high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries____8____ the Mediterranean coast．
In Central Asia．1imited data____9____that influenza virus circulation remains active , but transmission may have recently peaked in some places．In West Asia，Israel，Iran，and Iraq also appear ____l0____ their peak period of transmission within the past month，though ____ll____ areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet returned to baseline levels．In East Asia，influenza transmission remains active but appears to be ____12____0verall．____13____increases in ILI2were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity over one month ago．
In North America，influenza transmission____14____widespread but has declined quickly in all countries．In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean，influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, ____15____focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries．
练习：
1．A of B with C for D in
2．A remains of B keeps C exists D develops
3．A particularly B usually C exactly D completely
4．A transport B transmission C development D occurrence
5．A amounts B counts C calculations D numbers
6．A to find B finding C finds D found
7．A However B Nevertheless C But D In addition
8．A along B on C at D around
9．A advise B propose C suggest D recommend
10.A to pass B passing C to have passed D passed
11.A both B all C none D neither
12 A declining B reducing C below D under
13.A Little B Big C Slight D Great
14.A reduces B remains C increases D prevents
15.A apart from B beside C besides D except for
答案与题解：
1．B with表示伴随，突出主语中心词intensity，“强度"。
2．C虽然四个选项的时态以及单数第三人称变化都满足主语的要求，但从语义上讲，C最合适，表示“仍然存在"，A项中虽然remains也可以表达同样的意思，但其后边的介词搭配有误，故答案为C。
3．A particularly“尤其是，特别是”，用来指“同类中特别突出的一个”，usually“通常是”，exactly，“准确地，确切地”。根据上下文此处应该是特别指出南欧及东欧的几个具体国家，因此A为答案。
4．B本文第一句话就点出了influenza transmission，这说明这两个词是一个词串，根据该文的上下文以及transmission的多次出现，B项为最佳选择。
5．D虽然amounts和numbers都表示数量，但与amounts搭配的词通常是不可数名词，与可数名词搭配的应是number(S)，文中的搭配词是viruses，所以答案为D。另外，count 作名词指的是an act of counting，“计算”，calculation也是指an act of calculating，即“计算的动作或行为”。
6．D此处的选项应是作viruses的定语，find和viruses之间的关系是被动关系，因此应选择过去分词。
7．D 此处前后句是递进关系。A，B以及C都是表示转折，D项表示递进。
8．A along the Mediterranean coast是指地中海沿岸地区。
9．C此处suggest是“说明”的意思，另外三个选项均只有“建议”的意思。
10．C appear表示“似乎”，后边动词应跟不定式形式，因此处表示“似乎流感高峰已经过去”，因此要用不定式的完成式。
11．A此处指的是Central Asia和West Asia两个地区，因此用both。
12．A appear to be declining，表示似乎在下降，reduce是及物动词，后边需要有宾语，另外below和under都是介词，不适合此处的要求。
13．C根据上下文，此处应该是指小幅增加，而不是大量增加，而little只能修饰不可数名词，所以答案就是C了。．
14．B从上下文的意思和搭配来讲，选项B为正确答案。该处所在句子表示：在北美，虽然流感传播仍然很广泛，但下降速度快。
15．D except for表示“若不是……，除了……以外”。
职称英语考试卫生类(C类)试题及答案
职称英语考试卫生类(C类)试题及答案6 Happy Therapy (诊疗) Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. Then, after returning to tile United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope. Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness. He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night. Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for
职称英语C级补全短文(-)
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2013中石油职称英语考试课文详解
1.The V alue of Time时间的价值 1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time. 1.employ v. 使用，采用，雇佣，使忙于 employer n. 雇主，老板 employee n. 雇员，从业人员 employment n. 使用，职业，雇佣 Employment rate 就业率，雇用率 2.Either …or… 要么…要么…; 二者择一的 Neither… nor… 两者都不 Both… and… 两者都 3.fetch 取来，接来，到达 4.add to增添，添加，加强 5.so as to 以便，以致 6.enable sb to do sth 使得某人做某事 7.There is no doubt that…毫无疑问 8.think nothing of… 把… 视为平常 think a lot of… 看重；对… 高度评价 9.convertible adj. 可改变的，可交换的 convert v. … into… 使转变，转换，使…改变信仰 10.be equivalent to… 11.be tantamount to…相当于…; 无异于的 If you say one thing is tantamount to another, more serious thing, you are emphasizing how bad, unacceptable, or unfortunate the first thing is by comparing it to the second thing. 例句：What Bracey is saying is tantamount to heresy. 布里斯正在说的无异于异端邪说。 12.Think twice再三考虑，重新考虑 think twice about doing sth. 三思而后再决定做某事 13.Give one’s consent（n.）to sth…同意，赞成 例句：At approximately 11:30 p.m., pollard finally gave his consent to the search. 大约晚上11：30的时候，波拉得终于对搜查予以同意。
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4) 情态动词：must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等动词称为情态动词，有三大特征：A. 不受主语人称和数的影响，如：He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不变;B. 否定时在后面加not, 如：You ought not to have cheated her. C. 与另一动词连用，中间不用+ " to ", 如上举例。 请根据上述原则，(从语法角度)说出以下那种表达方式是对的： A. She needs to see a doctor. B. She doesn't need to see a doctor. C. Does she need to see a doctor? D. She needs not see a doctor. E. She needn't see a doctor. F. She doesn't need see a doctor. G. She needs see a doctor. 从语法角度看，A、B、C、E是对的。 5) 助动词：帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词，如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到他的。——表示强调) 五个基本句型 考研网校医药网校外语网校公务员网校网络课堂网上学习建筑网校
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2020年职称英语卫生类阅读判断练习(3)
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2013年职称英语真题综合B(word完整版)
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