独立主格结构讲解
独立主格结构
常见类型及其用法
一、独立主格结构的构成形式
1、逻辑主语+V-ing
这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：
1).________no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being
B.Being
C.Having been
D.There was
2)_______no bus, we had to walk home.
A.As there being
B.As there was
C.Being
D.There was
3)_______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.Being
B.There being
C.It being
D.Having been
4)______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.As it being
B.Being
C.It is
D.As it is
2、逻辑主语+V-ed
该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。
1)_________, the train started.
A.The signal given
B.Giving the signal
B.The signal being given
D.The signal giving
2)__________, the train started.
A.After having given the signal
B.After the signal given
C.Giving the signal
D.After the signal was given
3)______, the text became easier for
us to learn.
A.Explaining new words
B.New words explained
C.Being explained new words
D.Having explained new words
4)__A__, the text became easier for us to learn.
A.When new words were explained
B.Explaining new words
C.New words explaining
D.Being explained new words
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）
该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如：
1)____B_______, the patient can leave the hospital.
A.Better conditions
B.Conditions better
C.Conditions are better
D.Being better conditions
2)_____C____, the patient can leave the hospital.
A.If better conditions
B.If conditions better
C.If conditions are better
D.Being better conditions
3.__B___, we’d like to go outing.
A.Being Sunday
B.Sunday OK
C.Sunday is OK
D.If Sunday OK
4.____D__, we’d like to go outing.
A.If Sunday is OK
B.Sunday being OK
C.Sunday OK
D.A,B and C
5.___D__, you can wait a while.
A.The play being still on
B.The play still on
C Being still on the play D.A and B
6.___C__, so you can wait a while
A.The play is still on
B.The play being still on
C.As the play is still on
D.The play still on
3).He left the office, ___B____.
A.tears being in eyes
B.tears in eyes
C.being tears in eyes
D.with tears being in eyes
4).He left the office ___B____.
A.with tears being in eyes
B.with tears in her eyes
C.being tears in eyes
D.tears being in eyes
二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：
1、原因状语
该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
1).___A_____ no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being
B.As there was
C.There was
D.A and B
2).___D______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.It being
B.As it is
C.Being
D.A and B
3.___D__, I had to ask for two days’ leave.
A.Mother being ill
B.Bother ill
C.As mother was ill
D. A,B and C
4.____D____, we have to work late into
the night.
A.The exam near
B.The exam being near
C.As the exam is near
D. A,B and C
2、时间状语
独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由
when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语
从句。如：
1.___D_____, the train started.
A.The signal given
B.After the signal was given
C.Given the signal
D.A and B
2.___D_____, the text became easier for us to learn.
A.New words explained
B.When new words were explained
C.When teacher explained new words
D.all the above
3、条件状语
独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：
1).___D_____, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.
A.Weather permitting
B.If weather permits
C.If permitting
D.A and B
2.)__D___, the patient will recover himself soon.
A.If the treatment is in time
B.The treatment in time
C.The treatment being in time
D.A,B and C
4、伴随状语
独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：
1).We have lessons every day, ____A____.
A.Sunday included
B.Sunday including
C.Sunday is including
D.all the above
2).The boy fell asleep,_____A____.
A.cap on head
B.with a cap on head
C.a cap on was on head
D. all the above
3.Father came home,___D______
A.a dog following him
B. followed by a dog
C.being followed by a dog
D.all the above ．
分词、独立主格和“with + 复合宾语”作状语的区别
分词结构、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：
一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。
分词短语在句中常作以下状语：
1、原因状语
1.___D____late, we had to walk home.
A.Being
B.As we were
C.We being
D.A and B
2.__D____ busy, they had no time to play.
A.As they were
B.Being
C.Because they were
D.all the above
2、时间状语
1.___D____ the students' homework, the teacher
found a lot of mistakes.
A.When he was correcting
B.When he corrected
C.Correcting
D.all the above
2.___D_____by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.
A.When you are praised
B.Praised
C.When praised
D.all the above
3、条件状语
1.___D___ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper.
A.If he is given
B.If given
C.Given
D.all the above
2.__D_____ another chance, I'll do my job better.
A.If I have
B.If having
C.Having
D.all the above
4、伴随状语
1.Father came back, __A_____ a bag of money on his left shoulder.
A.carrying
B.he was carrying
C.and carrying
D.all the above
2.Father came back, __D_____ by a monkey.
A.and he was followed
B.followed
C.and was followed
D.all the above
二、独立主格结构和with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构
内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的
逻辑主语不一致。如：
1.___C___, we’ll go fishing in the country.
A.Permitting weather
B.Weather permitted
C.Weather permitting
D.Permitting
2.____B_____, he finished playing the game of chess.
A.His eyes closing
B.With his eyes closed
C.Closing his eyes
D.Closed his eyes
3.___B_____, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.
A.Closed
B.Library closed
C.Closing library
D.With library closing
三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之间不应有从属连词（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列连词（如and, but, or, so等）。例如：
1.__A___ the teacher told the class to go through the text
A.Checking the answers
B.Checking the answers and
C.When checking the answers and
D.all the above
2.___C____a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.
A.It being
B.Being
C.It was
D.all the above
3.As__B____a little sick, he remained at the clinic.
A.feeling
B.he felt
C.he felling
D.all the above
四、在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。
1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。
1)__D____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A.Lost
B.As he was lost
C.He lost
D.A and B
2).___D____for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.
A.Waiting
B.When he was waiting
C.As he was waiting
D.all the above
2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构或从句。如：
1.The soldier fell asleep ___A_____.
A.with the candle burning
B.burning the candle
C.when he was burning the candle
D.when burning the candle
2.___C_____, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.
A.Being on
B.When being on
C.With all the lights on
D.When it turns on all the lights
3.__D__ the notice, he had an idea.
A.When he was watching
B.Watching
C.When watching
D.all the above
4.__A____ the notice, an idea came to his mind.
A.When he was watching
B.Watching
C.When watching
D.all the above
独立主格结构练习题及解析
独立主格结构练习题及解析 1. I have a lot of books, half of ________ novels. A. which B. that C. whom D. them 2. ________ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out. A. because B. as C. With D. Since 3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ________ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there. A. them B. who C. whom D. which 4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of ________ over 600 years old. A. which B. that C. them D. it 5. The cave ________ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light. A. was; given B. was; to give C. being; given D. being; to give 6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat. A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering 7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________. A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze 8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, ________ Land Rover of the latest. A. another B. other C. the other D. the others 【答案与解析】 1. D。half of them novels 为独立主格结构，相当于and half of them are novels。 2. C。考查“with + 名词+ 过去分词”结构。 3. A。most of them carrying...为独立主格结构，相当于and most of them were carrying...，也可改为：most of whom were carrying。注意改动后连词and 的使用和动词were的使用。 4. C。all of them over 600 years old 为独立主格结构，相当于and all of them are over 600 years old。 5. D。第一空填being，构成独立主格结构;第二空填不定式表目的。 6. C。独立主格结构，his right hand 与hold有主谓关系，故用holding,而his face与cover是动宾关系，故用covered.
5种基本句型和独立主格结构讲解
英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如： 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3）Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如： 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋V erb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例： 1) He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。 四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如： 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为： 1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如： 1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词） 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
独立主格结构图表解析
独立主格结构 一、概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 二、独立主格的特点 特点示例 独立主格结构的逻辑主语语主句的主语不一致，她独立存在。 Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon. 树叶到处飘，我一下注意到已是深秋了。(独立主格的主语是leaves,主句是 I Time permitting, the restoration work could be done better. 时间允许的话，回复工作可以做得更好。(独立主格的主语是Time,主句是the restoration work 独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时置于句中或句尾，用逗号将与主句其隔开 The plan successfully carried out, everything worked out perfectly. 计划成功地完成了，一切进展顺利。 A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on. 许多官员跟在皇帝后面，有的拎着皇帝的长袍，其他的则给他整理要带等。
独立主格用法详解
一、 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点： (1)结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 (2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、 英语中，的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成。 1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。如： A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。 Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。 2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。如： The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。 3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。如： His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。 4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。如： The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。 5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。如： The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。 6. Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。 三、 在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1.作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。 The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式结束后，比赛开始了。 2.作条件状语 It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天气好的话，我们就去划船。
高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解
独立主格 一、独立主格结构的含义和实质 “独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。 二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能 独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）或无动词分句（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语），表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。 基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with引导的复合结构。 1．名词/代词+ 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。 例The man lay there, his hands trembling. So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep. 注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。 2．名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。 例The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been，being。如果加上，这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。 3．名词/代词+不定式 不定式表示的是将来的动作。 例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. These are the first two books，the third one to come out next month. We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp. 4. 名词/代词+名词 名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 例Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon. 5．名词/代词+形容词短语 形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。 例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of sorry. 这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。 6．名词/代词+副词 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。
独立主格结构常见类型及其用法.
独立主格结构常见类型及其用法 袁征 独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。 一、独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing 这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整 句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如： 1.__________no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was 2._______no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was 3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been 4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is 2、逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如： 1._________, the train started. A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving 2.__________, the train started. A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given 3._________, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words 4.______________, the text became easier for us to learn. A. When new words were explained B.Explaining new words B.New words explaining D.Being explained new words 3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词） 该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如： 1.___________, the patient can leave the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions 2._________, the patient can leave the hospital. A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions 3.________, we’d like to go outing. A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK 4.___________, we’d like to go outing. A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C 5._________, you can wait a while.
(完整版)独立主格结构完整讲解
一、独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure ）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立 结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。 需特别注意的是，独 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词（代词）+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 1. 名词（代词）+现在分词 例句：The storm drawing near ，the navvy decided to call it a day The storm drawi ng n ear 在句中作：原因状语 =Si nee the storm was draw ing n ear , the n avvy decided to call it a day 由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。（call it a day 今天到此为止） 例句：Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder. Win ter comi ng 在句中作：伴随状语 =The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。 Time permitti ng, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语 =改写：f time permits, I will go with you. ___________ 造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The girl staring at him, he didn ' t know what to say. 独立主格作：时间状语 =改写：As the girl stared at him, he didn ' t know what to say. 2.名词（代词）+过去分词 例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 例句：The meeti ng gone over, every one tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 造句：工作完成后，他回家了。 The work done, he went back home.
独立主格结构完整讲解(可编辑修改word版)
独立主格结构的用法 一、独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。 需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 1.名词(代词)+现在分词 例句：The storm drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day． The storm drawing near 在句中作：原因状语 ＝Since the storm was drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day．由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。（call it a day 今天到此为止）例句：Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. Winter coming 在句中作：伴随状语 = The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。 Time permitting, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语 =改写：If time permits, I will go with you. 造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say. 独立主格作：时间状语 =改写：As the girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say. 2.名词(代词)+过去分词 例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 例句：The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 造句：工作完成后，他回家了。 The work done, he went back home. = When the work was done, he went back home.
独立主格结构讲解及练习题
独立主格结构讲解及练习题作者：1?文章来源：网络?点击数：6217?更新时间：2013-05-1811:55:28? 我们知道，“V—ing或—ed形式”短语作状语时，其实就是状语从句在主从句主语一致的情况下省略的结果。所以通常情况下，“V—ing或—ed形式”作状语时其逻辑主语是和主句的主语一致的。在前后主语不一致的情况下，我们通常采用“V—ing或—ed形式”短语前加上其逻辑主语一起构成主句的状语部分，因此我们就把自带逻辑主语的“V—ing或—ed形式”结构叫做“独立主格结构”。 事实上，在英语中，“独立主格结构”还可以由“逻辑主语+不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等”构成，其功能相当于“with复合结构”或“非限制性定语从句”。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 下面本人就从句型转化的角度解读“独立主格结构”的“独立”之处。 1.??????与状语从句的转化 1).Alltheworkfinished,hesatdownforacoffee. 【=Whenalltheworkwasfinished,hesatdownfora?coffee.】 2).Weatherpermitting,wewillgoswimmingtomorrow. 【=Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoswimmingtomorrow.】 3).Theboybeinglate,histeacherwasveryangry. 【=Astheboywaslate,histeacherwasveryangry.】 4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theeventwasagreatevent. 【=Whene very thingtakenintoconsideration,theeventwasa?great?event.】 5)Therebeingsomethingmoreimportanttoattendto,hehadtocanceltheappointmentwithme. 【=Astherewassomethingmoreimportanttoattendto,hehadtocanceltheappointmentwithme.】 6).Thefloorwet,theystayedoutside. 【=Asthefloorwaswet,theystayedoutside.】
独立主格结构讲解
独立主格结构 1．独立结构的实质和类型 所谓“独立结构”（Absolute Construction）实质就是带有自己主语的非限定分句和无动词分句。如前所述，非限定分句和无动词分句通常是以主语的一定成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主语。但也有一些非限定分句和无动词分句带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，因此叫“独立结构”。其实，所谓“独立结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分词。 “独立结构”按其结构形式，分为不定式“独立结构”，-ing分词“独立结构”，-ed分词“独立结构”和无动词“独立结构”，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。 例如： （1） A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his g irdle, and so on. 许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的拎着皇帝的衣袍，有的则给他整腰带等。（s ome to hold…和others to adjust…为不定式独立结构） （2） There being nothing else to do, we left. 由于没有其它事情可做，我们离开了。（Th ere being…为-ing分词独立结构） （3） She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝视着，双手叉在胸前。（her hands c lasped…为-ed分词独立结构） （4） He went off, gun in hand. 他手里拿着枪离开了。（gun in hand为无动词独立结构） （5） The floor wet and slippery, we stayed outside. 由于地板又湿又滑，我们呆在屋外。（The floor wet…为无动词“独立结构”） 2．“独立结构”的用法和意义 由上述诸例可以看出，“独立结构”与主语之间通常用逗号隔开，但也有用破折号的。例如： （6） The room was in chaos--- dirty clothes strewn on the floor, cosmetics scattered over th e dresser, empty bottles and cans everywhere. 房间一片混乱，脏衣服扔在地板上，化装品散乱在梳妆台上，到处都是空的瓶。 在“独立结构”中做主语的名词词组有时可以省去限定词。例如： （7） The manager sat quietly in the office, (his ) eyes closed. 经理静静地坐在办公室里，双目紧闭。 “独立结构”的位置是比较灵活的，它可位于句首，句中或句尾。例如：
独立主格结构讲解
独立主格结构 独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分。With( without) 的复合结构可以看作是独立主格结构中的一种形式。 一、独立主格结构的特点 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 4）当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词 二、独立主格结构的构成: 名词普通格或代词主格+ 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。 1．名词（或代词）+ 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。 He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 注意：现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。 The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing. 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略， 一是在“There being + 名词”结构中， There being no bus, we had to walk home. 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 2．名词（或代词）+ 不定式（短语） 不定式表示将来的动作。 He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 3．名词（或代词）+ 过去分词
独立主格结构讲解及练习题
独立主格结构讲解及练 习题 Revised by Petrel at 2021
独立主格结构讲解及练习题作者：1文章来源：网络点击数：6217更新时间：2013-05-1811:55:28 我们知道，“V—ing或—ed形式”短语作状语时，其实就是状语从句在主从句主语一致的情况下省略的结果。所以通常情况下，“V—ing或—ed形式”作状语时其逻辑主语是和主句的主语一致的。在前后主语不一致的情况下，我们通常采用“V—ing或—ed形式”短语前加上其逻辑主语一起构成主句的状语部分，因此我们就把自带逻辑主语的“V—ing或—ed形式”结构叫做“独立主格结构”。 事实上，在英语中，“独立主格结构”还可以由“逻辑主语+不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等”构成，其功能相当于“with复合结构”或“非限制性定语从句”。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 下面本人就从句型转化的角度解读“独立主格结构”的“独立”之处。 1.与状语从句的转化 1).Alltheworkfinished,hesatdownforacoffee. 【=Whenalltheworkwasfinished,hesatdownfora coffee.】 2).Weatherpermitting,wewillgoswimmingtomorrow. 【=Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoswimmingtomorrow.】 3).Theboybeinglate,histeacherwasveryangry. 【=Astheboywaslate,histeacherwasveryangry.】 4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theeventwasagreatevent. 【=Whene very thingtakenintoconsideration,theeventwasa great event.】 5)Therebeingsomethingmoreimportanttoattendto,hehadtocanceltheappointmentwithme. 【=Astherewassomethingmoreimportanttoattendto,hehadtocanceltheappointmentwithme.】 6).Thefloorwet,theystayedoutside. 【=Asthefloorwaswet,theystayedoutside.】 2.与with复合结构的转化 1).Alotofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayhomeallday. 【=Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayhomeallday.】
高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解(3)
高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解（3） 一、动词独立主格结构 “逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中，being往往可以被省去，这种省去being的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。 A．逻辑主语+名词 Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12. 十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。（the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being） 注意： 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。 B．逻辑主语+形容词 He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向 = He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. He stood there, his mouth wide open. 他站在那里，嘴张得大大的。（his mouth和wide open之间省去了being） = He stood there, and his mouth was wide open. C．逻辑主语+副词 School over, we all went home. 放学了，我们都回家了。（school和over之间省去了being） = School was over, and we all went home. He sat at his desk, his shoes off. 他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。（his shoes和off之间省去了being） = He sat at his desk and his shoes were off. D．逻辑主语+介词短语 He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. 他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。 = He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us. The new teacher came in, a smile on her face. 新老师面带微笑走了进来。 = The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.
(完整版)独立主格结构用法全解
独立主格结构 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构， 用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词 Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 2. 名词(代词)+过去分词 The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。 He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 3. 名词(代词)+不定式 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上 的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。 The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。 4. 名词(代词)+形容词 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。 5. 名词(代词)+副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。 6. 名词(代词)+名词 His first shot failure，he fired again． 他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。 Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。 7. 名词(代词) +介词短语