2012年5月SAT真题句子填空全文翻译精讲

2012年5月SAT真题句子填空全文翻译精讲
2012年5月SAT真题句子填空全文翻译精讲

2012年5月SAT真题句子填空全文翻译精讲

2012.5真题

1. Alarmed that land-clearing practices are rapidly ___ crucial habitat, the government of Madagascar is working hard to _______ in its citizens a sense of pride in the nation’s diverse animal and plant species.

A. depleting .. deter

B. restoring .. inspire

C. destroying .. instill

D. enhancing .. prolong

E. isolating .. curtail

中文释义:由于马达加斯加政府已经警惕到开荒的做法正在迅速摧毁至关重要的栖息地,他们正在努力地向其公民灌输本国动植物物种多样化的自豪感。

题意解析:由alarmed可知土地开垦对栖息地造成的影响是负面的,由此排除B,D,E项,为了改善这种情况,马达加斯加政府应该鼓励公民保护栖息地,因此第二个空格要填写与宾语公民自豪感搭配的动词,C项比较贴切。

词汇解析:

deplete:1. 耗尽,用尽;to empty of a principle substance;2. 使衰竭;to lessen markedly in quantity, content, power, or value

deter:制止,阻止;inhibit;使打消念头;to turn aside, discourage, or prevent from acting instill:1. 徐徐滴入;to cause to enter drop by drop;2. 逐渐灌输;to impart gradually curtail:缩减,剪短;to make less by or as if by cutting off or away some part

2. Not even a microscope is sufficiently powerful to view the _______ molecules that chemist Jacqueline Barton designs.

A. trivial

B. grandiloquent

C. infinitesimal

D. distended

E. figurative

中文释义:没有任何一个显微镜能强大到可以观察化学家杰奎琳·巴顿设计的极微小的分子。题意解析:空格部分应该填写一个形容分子的形容词,由前半句可知没有任何一个显微镜能有效观察到这些分子,可以推断出这些分子太小了以至于显微镜都失去了作用。因此正确选项应该选C项“极小的”。A项意思是不重要的,B项是夸张的,D项是扩展的膨胀的,E 项是比喻的,均不合题意,所以排除。

人物介绍:Jacqueline Barton

Jacqueline K. Barton (born May 7, 1952), an American chemist. She is the Arthur and Marian Hanisch Memorial professor of Chemistry at California Institute of Technology. The primary focus of her research is transverse electron transport along double-stranded DNA, its implications in the biology of DNA damage and repair, and its potential for materials sciences applications.

杰奎琳·巴顿,美国化学家。她是美国加州理工学院阿瑟和玛丽安·哈尼施纪念化学教授。其研究的主要领域是双链DNA中的横向电子传递,它在DNA损伤及修复中的作用,以及它在材料科学应用中的潜能。

3. The conclusion of such a vast and complex book should have contained a ____ of the author’s ideas to _______ the general remarks he made in the introduction.

A. rebuttal .. parallel

B. delineation .. negate

C. compilation .. disprove

D. retraction .. excuse

E. summation .. complement

中文释义:这样庞大而复杂的书的结论应该已经包含了作者所有的想法,以补充他在介绍中

做出的一般性评论。

题意解析:由主语中内容庞杂的书以及后半句中介绍中的一般评论可推断出介绍部分难以包含该书的全部内容,因此结论部分要做补充,并且要把所有的想法全部包括,所以第二个空格应该选E。

词汇解析:

rebuttal:反驳,反证;the act of rebutting esp. in a legal suit

delineate:1. 描绘;to indicate or represent by drawn or painted lines;2. 描写;to describe, portray, or set forth with accuracy or in detail

negate:1. 否定;to deny the existence or truth;2. 使无效;to cause to be ineffective or invalid compilation:编辑;the act or process of compiling

summation:1. 合计;the act or process of a sum;2. 和;sum, total

complement:补足物;something that fills up, completes, or makes perfect

4. Elena, who strongly favored the proposal, was understandably ______ when an influential committee member expressed a view ______ to her own.

A. indifferent .. identical

B. distressed .. opposed

C. puzzled .. similar

D. incensed .. sympathetic

E. relieved .. contrary

中文释义:艾琳娜极力赞同这个提议,因此当一个非常有影响力的委员会成员表示反对时,她当然非常忧虑。

题意解析:由第一句可知艾琳娜对这个提议是非常赞同的,因此她的情绪与委员会成员的观点是紧密相关的,如果该成员观点与其相反的话,她的感受应该是沮丧或者担忧的,因此B 项正确。

词汇解析:

indifferent:1. 中立的;marked by impartiality;2. 无关紧要的;of no importance or value one way or another;漠不关心的;marked by no special liking for or dislike of something identical:1. 完全相同的;being the same;2. 同一的;having such close resemblance as to be essentially the same

incensed:激怒了的;be aroused the extreme anger or indignation

5. The psychologist’s ostensibly objective experiments were in fact ______: they subtly yet invariably supported her personal predilections.

A. ominous

B. ingratiating

C. theoretical

D. lucrative

E. biased

中文释义:这位心理学家的实验表面客观而实际上有失偏颇:它们巧妙而又不约而同地支持她的个人偏好。

题意解析:冒号后面部分是对空格里单词的进一步解释说明。由后半句可知这些实验都支持这位心理学家的个人偏好,由personal以及ostensibly objective可推断这些实验都是主观而非客观的,E项偏颇的符合题意。A项意思是预兆的、不吉利的,B项是逢迎讨好的,C项是理论的,D项是赚钱的,均不合题意,所以排除。

经典例句:Many parents are biased against popular music. 许多父母对流行音乐有偏见。

词汇解析:

ostensibly:表面上,外表;to all outward appearances

invariably:总是;不变地;on every occasion, always

predilection:偏爱,嗜好;an established preference for something

6. The commentator’s misuse of language and reliance on inappropriate colloquialisms and jargon are considerable ______ the audience’s comprehension.

A. reflections of

B. impediments to

C. comments on

D. bonuses to

E. catalysts of

中文释义:评论员对语言的误用以及对俗语和行话的不恰当的运用和依赖在很大程度上妨碍了观众们的理解。

题意分析:由misuse以及inappropriate可推断出评论员的语言是不完善的,因此对观众的影响应该是负面的,选项中比较符合句意的只有B项“妨碍,阻止”。A项意思是反映,C 项是评论,D项是奖金,E项是催化剂,均不合题意,所以排除。

经典例句:The level of inflation is a serious impediment to economic recovery. 通货膨胀是影响经济复苏的严重障碍。

7. Although Michael’s invidious accusations aroused our ______, we managed to pr eserve our _____ and remain composed.

A. vehemence .. ire

B. curiosity .. indifference

C. gratitude .. decorum

D. remorse .. innocence

E. resentment .. equanimity

中文释义:虽然迈克尔不公的指责引起了我们的愤怒,但是我们设法控制怒火并保持镇静。题意分析:由上下文联系可知在我们受到不公正的待遇后,一种情绪催生但是我们设法保留了该情绪并保持镇定,因此两个空格应该具有相似意思,只有A项符合文意。

词汇解析:

invidious:诽谤的;tending to cause discontent, animosity, or envy;易遭嫉妒的;envious composed:镇静的,沉着的;free from agitation,calm

vehement:激烈的;marked by forceful energy;热烈的;intensely emotional

ire:忿怒;intense and usu. openly displayed anger

decorum:礼仪,礼貌;propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance

remorse:懊悔;a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs;同情;compassion equanimity:平静;evenness of mind

8. Architect Maya Lin wants people to experience her commemorative monuments tactilely; that is, she wants them to ______ these structures.

A. interpret

B. envision

C. revere

D. confront

E. touch

中文释义:建筑师林璎希望人们用触觉来感受她设计的纪念碑,也就是说,她想让人们触摸这些建筑。

题意分析:由tactilely触觉地一词可判断空格处单词应该是和触觉相关的动词,只有E项touch一词能够调动触觉,因此E项“触摸”正确。A项意思是解释或翻译,B项是设想、想像,C项是敬畏、崇敬,D项是面对、对抗,均不合题意,所以排除。

词汇解析:

commemorative:纪念的;intended as a commemoration

tactilely:触觉地;of, relating to, or bein the sense of touch;能触知地;perceptible by touch

人物介绍:Maya Lin

Maya Ying Lin (born October 5, 1959) is an American architectural designer and artist who is known for her work in sculpture and landscape art. She is best known as the designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.

林璎,美籍华裔建筑设计师,艺术家,因其在雕塑和景观艺术的作品而闻名。她最出名的作品是越战纪念碑的设计,该纪念碑位于华盛顿特区。

9. In 1909, the first significant strike of working women was _______ by garment workers in New York to _______ low wages and long working hours.

A. suspended .. oppose

B. investigated .. promote

C. averted .. expose

D. conducted .. accommodate

E. organized .. protest

中文释义:1909年,第一次有重大意义的劳动妇女大罢工由纽约服装工人组织起来,旨在抗议低工资与过长工作时间。

题意分析:由句子主语可知这是一场女性劳动者的大罢工,罢工的发起者以及组织者肯定也就是这些女性工人,罢工的目的一般都是为了提高其工作待遇,抗议不公的现状,由此可推断E项正确。

词汇解析:

suspend:使暂停;to debar temporarily esp. from a privilege, office, or function;延缓,推迟;to cause to stop temporarily

avert:转移;to turn away or aside;避免,防止;to see coming and ward off accommodate:使适应;to make fit, suitable, or congruous;容纳;to make room for

10. Aerospace engineer Dr. Aprille Ericsson-Jackson does not _______ her responsibilities as a role model; instead, she _____ the opportunity to encourage women and minorities to pursue careers in math and science.

A. shun .. squanders

B. welcome .. seizes

C. ponder .. weighs

D. shirk .. embraces

E. downplay .. resists

中文释义:航天工程师阿普利尔·艾瑞克森·杰克逊博士从不推卸自己作为一个榜样的责任,她乐于抓住所有的机会,鼓励女性以及少数族裔在数学以及科学领域追求自己的事业。

题意分析:由句中的instead,前后半句中两个空格部分的动词的意思应该是相反的,由此排除其余选项,只有D项符合此逻辑。

词汇解析:

shun:避开,回避;to avoid deliberately and esp. habitually

squander:浪费;to spend extravagantly or foolishly

ponder:衡量;to weigh in the mind;仔细考虑;to think about

shirk:逃避;to evade the performance of an obligation

downplay:不予重视;play down, de-emphasize

11. Steve tempers his _______ with ______: despite his intense desire to succeed, he remains sensitive to the feelings of others.

A. idealism .. despondency

B. ambition .. empathy

C. determination .. banality

D. lethargy .. kindness

E. perfectionism .. insolence

中文释义:史蒂夫用同理心来抑制自己的野心:尽管他强烈渴望成功,但还是尽量去体谅别人的感受。

题意分析:冒号后面部分是对前半句的解释说明,由他渴望成功可判断他有野心,由他对别人的感受保持感同身受可判断他对别人有同情,因此B项正确。

词汇解析:

temper:调和;to dilute, qualify, or soften by the addition or influence of something else despondent:沮丧的,失望的;feeling or showing extreme discouragement, dejection, or depression

banality:平凡,陈腐;something banal, commonplace

lethargy:昏睡;abnormal drowsiness;死气沉沉;the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish, or indifferent

insolent:傲慢的,无礼的;insultingly contemptuous in speech or conduct

12. The senator delivered such ______ speech that her supporters, inspired by her obvious fervor, were moved to action.

A. an endearing

B. an impassioned

C. a fastidious

D. an ostentatious

E. a soporific

中文释义:参议员发表了一番慷慨激昂的演讲,因为受到她热情的感染,支持者们投入了行动。

题意分析:由后半句可知这位参议员的支持者们因为听了这番演讲开始行动起来,说明这番演讲是非常鼓舞人心的,因此可推断正确答案为B“充满激情的”。A项意思是可爱的,C 项是过分挑剔的,D项是招摇卖弄的,E项是催眠的,均不合题意,所以排除。

经典例句:She appeared on television to make an impassioned appeal to the kidnappers. 她在电视上向绑架者发出激昂的呼吁。

词汇解析:

fervor:热情,热烈;intensity of feeling or expression;炽热;intense heat

13. The ancient Greek writer Herodotus was inordinately _________, blithely accepting wildly improbable legends as historical facts.

A. imperious

B. prolific

C. credulous

D. derisive

E. anachronistic

中文释义:古希腊作家希罗多德非常轻信流言,他轻佻的将许多极不可能的传说当作历史事实。

题意分析:逗号后面的非谓语动词连接的部分描述了希罗多德的行为,即将传说牵强附会当作历史事实,说明他是非常轻易的相信流言传说的,因此C项“轻信的”正确。A项意思是专横的,B项是多产的、丰富的,D项是嘲弄的,E项是时代错误的,均不合题意,所以排除。

经典例句:This man has coaxed millions of pounds from a credulous public. 这个人从轻信的公众那里骗取了几百万英镑。

词汇解析:

inordinately:非常的,无度的;exceeding reasonable limits

blithely:快活的;of a happy lighthearted character or disposition;漫不经心的;lacking due thought or consideration

名人介绍:Herodotus

Herodotus (c. 484-425 BC), born in Halicarnassus, Caria (modern day Bodrum, Turkey) and lived in the fifth century BC (c. 484–425 BC). He has been called the "The Father of History" (firstly conferred by Cicero), and was the first historian known to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent, and arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative.

希罗多德,出生于哈利卡那索斯(现在土耳其的博德鲁姆)并生活于公元前5世纪。他被称为“历史之父”(首先由西塞罗赋予),并且他是第一个已知的系统地收集他的材料的历史学家,并且他还是第一个在某种程度上测试材料的准确性,并将它们用构建良好并生动的叙述中安排出来。

14. The signs that the skeleton had been tampered with were so _____ that the archaeologist almost failed to notice them.

A. subtle

B. numerous

C. unavoidable

D. obvious

E. substantial

中文释义:骨架被篡改的痕迹是如此不明显,考古学家几乎没能注意到它们。

题意分析:so...that句型一般是中间填的形容词会导致that后的结果,即如此...以至于...由that 后部分考古学家几乎难以察觉这些篡改可推断那些痕迹应该是非常不明显的,因此A项“微妙的,不明显的”正确。B项是大量的,C项是难以避免的,D项是明显的,E项是大量的或实质的,均不合题意,所以排除。

经典例句:The fragrance is a subtle blend of jasmine and sandalwood. 这是茉莉和檀香混合在一起的一种淡香。

词汇解析:

tamper:篡改;to render something harmful or dangerous by altering its structure or composition;贿赂;to carry on underhand or improper negotiations;损害;to interfere so as to weaken or change for the worse

15. In the past, painting by black American artists often were _______ ; in contrast, many art critics today advocate an understanding of the works of Black artists as ________ to appreciating America’s diverse heritage.

A. neglected .. essential

B. praised .. negligible

C. ignored .. irrelevant

D. overvalued .. vital

E. studied .. helpful

中文释义:在过去,由美国黑人艺术家创作的绘画常常被忽视,相较之下,今天许多艺术评论家认为,对黑人艺术家作品的理解对于欣赏美国的多元化遗产至关重要。

题意解析:由in contrast 可知该词组前后部分意思应该是相反的,那么两个空格中都是对黑人艺术作品的描述也应该是意思相反的。另外由diverse一词可以推断出在今天黑人艺术作品应该是被关注的一种状态,综合考虑以上因素,正确答案应该选择A项。

词汇解析:

negligible:微不足道的,可以忽略的;so small or unimportant or of so little consequence as to warrant little or no attention

16. Although optimists often encourage people to anticipate success, an excessive _____ in future outcomes may be unrealistic, even _______.

A. participation .. immodest

B. confidence .. delusional

C. trust .. judicious

D. interest .. speculative

E. absorption .. pragmatic

中文释义:尽管乐观主义者常常鼓励人们预想成功,但是对未来结局的过度自信可能不切实际,甚至可以说是妄想。

题意解析:although引导的句子前后会有意思的转折,在前半句中乐观主义者鼓励人们去预期成功,那么在后半句中就可能是在事实上可能预期成功不是明智的事情,这种预期用贬义词来描述就是过度的自信,第二个空在even之后,应该选择一个在意思上和even之前的形容词相似的单词,但语气要更加强烈,因此B项正确。

词汇解析:

delusional:妄想的;falsely or delusively believed or propagated

judicious:判断正确的,明智的;having, exercising, or characterized by judgment speculative:推测的;involved, based on, or constituting intellectual speculation;思索性的;marked by questioning curiosity

absorption:吸收;the process of absorbing or being absorbed;全神贯注;entire occupation of the mind

pragmatic:实际的;relating to matters of fact or practical affairs often to the exclusion of intellectual or artistic matters;实用主义的;relating to or being in accordance with philosophical pragmatism

17. Studying gray whales during the 1970s, marine biologist Mary Lou Jones dubbed one of her subjects “Amazing Grace,” for its friendliness was _______ and its movements underwater _____ beyond description.

A. prosaic .. nimble

B.astonishing .. fluid

C. habitual .. taut

D. extraordinary .. playful

E. deceptive .. spry

中文释义:在20世纪70年代研究灰鲸的时候,海洋生物学家玛丽·卢·琼斯授予她的研究对象“奇异恩典”的称号,因为灰鲸无比友好并且其在水下的游动时难以形容的流畅。

题意解析:由“Amazing Grace”这两个极具褒义的单词可判断灰鲸这种动物是非常好的,所以第一个空格在填写形容灰鲸的友好的单词的时候也应该是表示肯定意思的词。第二个空格用来形容灰鲸水下的游动,从grace一词可以判断应该是非常漂亮非常流畅的,因此B项正确。

词汇解析:

dub:授予称号;to confer knighthood on;轻点;to hit poorly

prosaic:平凡的,乏味的;everyday, ordinary

nimble:敏捷的;quick and light in motion;聪明的;marked by quick, alert, clever conception, comprehension, or resourcefulness;敏感的;responsive, sensitive

taut:紧张的;high-strung, tense;拉紧的;tightly drawn;整洁的;kept in proper order or condition deceptive:欺诈的;tending or having power to deceive, misleading

spry:敏捷的;nimble

18. The ____ nature of the virus allows it to continually change its form and thus go undetected by the body’s immune system.

A. virulent

B. contagious

C. debilitating

D. protean

E. benign

中文释义:病毒的变形功能使其能够不断地变化形态,从而不被人体免疫系统检测出来。题意解析:由病毒能够变换形态可推断出空格里的单词应该是和这个意思比较接近的,因此D项“千变万化的”正确。A项意思是恶性的,B项是感染性的,C项是使衰弱的,E项是和蔼的,均不合题意,所以排除。

19. The city reveals its unique type of _______ most fully during the cheerful and noisy New Year’s celebrations, which attract international as well as loca l participants.

A. insularity

B. pomposity

C. conviviality

D. conventionality

E. introspection

中文释义:这个城市在欢乐又嘈杂的新年庆祝活动期间最能展现出它非同寻常的喜庆,这吸引了国际以及本地众多的参与者。

题意解析:由空格后cheerful and noisy可推断该空应该是一个在新年期间举行的非常热闹的活动,有着与这两个单词所表达出的相似的气氛,并且会吸引到众多的参与者,因此C项“喜庆”正确。A项意思是与世隔绝的状况,B项是自大夸耀,D项是惯例习俗,E项是内省。

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