美国文学复习资料

2020六年级的文学常识选择题(精选)

2020六年级的文学常识选择题（精选） 1、横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛。此句运用的修辞手法是( ) A、比喻 B、对偶 C、拟人 D、对比 2、鲁迅的一生创作了许多作品，以下哪部作品不属于他创作的?( ) A、《狂人日记》 B、《华盖集》 C、《童年》 D、《朝花夕拾》 3、《穷人》一文的作者是( ) A、(俄国)列夫托尔斯泰 B、(前苏联)高尔基 C、(中国)季羡林 D、(法国)雨果 4、下列故事不是《三国演义》中的一项是( ) A、三顾茅庐 B、三气周瑜 C、桃园三结义 D、三打祝家庄 5、深秋，校园的老榆树叶枯黄了，落叶如同翩飞的蝴蝶漫天起舞，地面上像是铺了一条无比宽大的金毯子。望着此情此景，我不禁吟诵起龚自珍的诗句：___________，化作春泥更护花。这落叶虽不是春天的落红，却具有落红的献身精神，这不正像我们的老师吗? ( ) A、杨花榆荚无才思 B、落红不是无情物 C、日出江花红胜火 D、卷地风来忽吹散 6、________, ________不错，桃花的花瓣上还带

着昨夜的露珠，不停地催促其它小花快快开放，笼罩在烟雨之中的柳树绿得脆生生的，绿得碧澄澄的，此情此景真令人心旷神怡! ( ) A、四月深涧底，桃花方欲然。 B、去年今日此门中，人面桃花相映红。 C、桃红复含宿雨，柳绿更带春烟。 D、桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。 7、《匆匆》是中国现代文学史上著名诗人散文家_____的代表作，用优美的语言表达了对时光匆匆而过的感慨与无奈。 ( ) A、朱自清 B、林清玄 C、老舍 D、冰心 8、《临死前的严监生》选自名著______。 ( ) A、《红楼梦》 B、《水浒传》 C、《儒林外史》 D、《史记》 9、俗语三十而立，四十不惑，五十知天命，六十花甲，七十称什么? A、耄耋 B、古来稀 C、期颐 D、不悔 10、以下哪位诗人被称之为田园诗人? ( ) A、陶渊明 B、白居易 C、屈原 D、刘禹锡

美国文学赏析

Ezra Pound (埃兹拉?庞德) In a Station of the Metro The apparition of these faces in the crowd;人群中这些面孔幽灵般闪现Petals on a wet,black bough.湿漉漉的黑色枝条上的众多花瓣 1. Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"? These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain. 2.What do "petals" and "bough" stand for? Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd. Robert Frost (1)Fire and Ice Some say the world will end in fire,有人说世界将终结于火, Some say in ice.有人说是冰。 From what I’ve tasted of desire，从我尝过的欲望之果 I hold with those who favor fire.我赞同倾向于火之说。 But if it had to perish twice,但若它非得两度沉沦 I think I know enough of hate.我想我对仇恨了解也够多 To know that for destruction ice可以说要是去毁灭,

美国文学史常耀信版

美国文学史常耀信版很有用的哦！ 2008-08-10 22:02 阅读206 评论0 字号：大中小美国文学史常耀信版美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America浪漫主义American Romanticism(1815-1865) 早期浪漫主义early romanticism——Irving欧文, Cooper库柏, Bryant布莱恩特先验主义transcendentalism and symbolic representation——Emerson 爱默森，Margaret Fuller玛格丽特福勒，Thoreau 梭罗三位重要的小说家——Hawthorne 霍桑，Melville 梅尔维尔，Poe 坡二位重要的诗人——Whitman 惠特曼，Dickinson 狄更生现实主义American Realism（1865-1914）带有地方色彩的写作local color writing——Mark Twain马克吐温现实主义literary realism——James 詹姆士，Howells 豪斯尔斯自然主义literary naturalism——Garland 加兰特，Grane 格雷恩，Frank Norris 弗兰克诺里斯，Jack London 杰克伦敦，Theodore Dreiser 西奥多德莱塞现代主义American Modernism(1914-1945) 现代主义在欧洲American modernism in Europe——Gerturde Stein 格特鲁德斯坦因，Ezra Pound 艾兹拉庞德，Amy Lowell 艾米洛威尔，H.D.(Hilda Doolittle) 杜丽埃尔战时的现代派小说modern fiction between the wars——William Faulkner 威廉福克纳，Hemingway 海明威，Fitzgerald 费兹杰罗，Passos 帕索斯，Steinbeck 斯坦贝克现代派诗歌modern American poetry——T.S. Eliot 艾略特，Wallace Stevens 史蒂文斯，William Carols Williams 威廉姆斯，卡明斯 Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans 纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Moneyoor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；

美国文学考试资料整理

一．The Literature of Colonial America(Puritanism) 1.The first English colony: Jamestown in Virginia in 1607 2.The first American writer: John Smith 3.Anne Bradstreet: first American woman poet; a Puritan poet; once called “Tenth Muse”; 二．Literature of Reason and Revolution War of Independence (1775-1783);The French and Indian War / the Seven Y ears’War(1756-1763) 1..Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography; Richard’s Almanac Maxims from Poor Richard’s Almanac (proverbs that give practical wisdom) 2..Thomas Paine (1737-1809): Common Sense: a strong push for the Revolution W ar; four parts (British enslavement of the colonies; praising democratic election; America’s economic and military potential to protect the rights of people) 3..Philip Freneau (1752-1832) The first American-born poet;“Poet of the American Revolution”, “Father of American Poetry”, the most significant poet of 18th century America W orks:The Wild Honey Suckle《野忍冬花》on mortality, The Indian Burying Ground 《印第安人殡葬地》on the imagined afterlife, The British Prison Ship《英国囚船》about his imprisoned experience. 三．Romanticism The American Romantic period is considered one of the most important periods, the first literary Renaissance, in the history of American literature. It stretches from the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil W ar. It started with the publication of W ashington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 1.Washington Irving (1783-1859) Literary status: the first American to earn an international reputation; Father of the American short stories The Sketch Book: winning him international popularity，the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. Major works: A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty under the name of “Diedrich Knickerbocker

美国文学赏析整理

一 I heard the merry grasshopper then sing, The black-clad cricket bear a second part, They kept one tune, and played on the same string, Seeming to glory in their little art. Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise? And in their kind resound their maker’s praise, Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higher lays? “Under the cooling shadow of a stately Elm, Close state I by a goodly River’s side, Where gliding streams the Rocks did overwhelm; A lonely place with pleasures dignifi’d. I once that lov’d the shady woods so well, Now thought the rivers did the trees excel, And if the sun would ever shine there would I dwell. “While musing thus with contemplation fed, And thousand fancies buzzing in my brain, The sweet tongu’d Philomel percht o’er my head, And chanted forth a most melodious strain, Which rapt me so with wonder and delight, I judg’d my hearing better than my sight. 题目：the 9th of Contemplations 作者：Anne Bradstreet 赏析： 1. Rhyme royal: sevenline iambic petametre 七行五步抑扬格 2. Rhyme: ababccc 3. Theme: religion 4. 象征：black-clad=death; abject=admitting defeat; maker= god 5. A genuine expression of poetic feeling in the presence of nature. The poem offers the reader an insight into the mentality of the early Puritan pioneering in a new world. The poet heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, and she searched for her own soul accordingly. 6. She saw sth metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode of perception which was singularly Puritan 二 It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection. I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other. But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined. While my care was employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for reason. I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct. For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method. In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading, I found the catalog more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name. Temperance, for example, was by some confined to eating and drinking, while by others it was extended to mean the moderating every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or

美国文学史期末参考复习资料

仅作参考，最主要还是要自己消化，整理 Chapter 1 Colonial Period 1. Puritanism: American puritans accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. 2. Influence (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. (2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. (3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chi efly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. II. Overview of the literature 1. types of writing diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons 2. writers of colonial period (1) Anne Bradstreet (2) Edward Taylor III. Benjamin Franklin 1. life 2. works (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac (2) Autobiography 3. contribution (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I. American Romanticism 1. Background (1) Political background and economic development (2) Romantic movement in European countries Derivative – foreign influence 2. features (1) American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien. (2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained. (3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with Am erican Romanticism. (4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. II. Washington Irving: Father of American Literature 1. several names attached to Irving (1) first American writer (2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3) father of American literature 2. life 3. works (1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5) The Alhambra 4. Literary career: two parts (1) 1809~1832

美国文学史-知识点梳理

Part I The Literature of Colonial America I．Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II．The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III．The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV．Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V．Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of

美国文学考点整理

1.Matches 作家作品：（或参考课本目录，黑色斜体为课本目录） The literature of Realism: Walt Whitman 沃尔特.惠特曼 Drum Taps (《桴鼓集》) Good-Bye, My Fancy ( 《再见，我的幻想》,) Leaves of Grass (《草叶集》) Passage to India ( 《通向印度之路》) Sequel to Drum Taps (《桴鼓集续集》) Song of Myself 《自己之歌》 I Sit and Look Out 《我坐在这儿眺望着》 Beat! Beat! Drum! 《敲呀！敲呀！鼓啊！》 Emily Dickinson 艾米莉.狄金森 I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed 《我品味未经酿造的饮料》 I felt a Funeral, in my Brain 《我感受了一场葬礼，在脑中》 A Bird came down the Walk 《鸟儿沿着小径过来》 I died for Beauty--- but was scarce《我为美而死》 I heard a Fly buzz- when I died 《我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声---在临死之前》Because I could not stop for Death 《因为我不能停下来等候死神》 I’m Nobody! Who are You? Success is Counted Sweetest Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽雅特.比彻.斯托 Uncle Tom's Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 Mark Twain 马克. 吐温 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆.索亚历险记》 .The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County ([k?l?‘ver?s] 《卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》 2.Innocents Abroad (《傻子国外旅行记》) 3.Roughing It (《艰苦岁月》) 4.The Gilded Age (with Charles Dudley Waenner, 《镀金时代》与查尔斯·达德利·沃纳合写) 5.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (《汤姆·索耶历险记》) A Tramp Abroad (《国外流浪汉》) 7. The Prince and the Pauper (《王子与贫儿》) 8. Life on the Mississippi (《密西西比河上》) 9.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》) 10.The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson ( 《傻瓜威尔逊》) 11. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court ( 《亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人》) 12. The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg (《败坏赫德莱堡的人》) 13. What Is Man? (《人是什么》)

中考文学常识选择题(答案版)

文学常识选择题 1、下列说法有误的一项是 A、《论语》是春秋战国时期儒家学派的创始人孔子所着的一本书记录的是孔子的言行。 B、《史记》是我国第一部纪传体通史全书一百三十篇。作者是西汉史学家、文学家司马迁。被誉为“史家之绝唱无韵之离骚”。 C 、王羲之是东晋杰出的书法家被称为“书圣”他的《兰亭集序》帖是我国古代书法艺术最灿烂的瑰宝被称为“天下第一行书”。 D 、莫泊桑是法国作家被称为短篇小说的巨匠代表作品有《我的叔叔于勒》《项链》等。 2、下列说法有误的一项是 A 、小说以塑造人物形象为中心通过完整的故事情节的叙述和典型的环境描写来反映社会生活。 B 、诗歌在漫长的历史进程中演化出许多不同的形式。诗、词、曲从文学角度看都是诗歌。但赋除外。 C、剧本通常包括两个部分一是剧作家的舞台提示一是人物自身的台词。 D、散文在写法上往往从细小处落笔在细微的描绘中见精彩。朱自清的《背影》一文就采用了这样的写法。 3、下列说法有误的一项是 A、《论语》是儒家的经典着作之一与《大学》《中庸》《孟子》合称为“四书”。 B、《左传》相传是战国时期鲁国史官左丘明所写课文《曹刿论战》就选自其中。 C、《史记》是我国第一部纪传体通史全书共一百三十篇被鲁迅称为“史家之绝唱无韵之离骚”。 D、人们常用“唐诗、宋词、元曲、明清小说”概括唐、宋、元、明、清这几个时期突出的文学形式。 4、下列说法有误的一项是 A 、古代刻在器物上用来警诫自己或者称颂公德的文字叫做“铭”后来就成为一种文体。这种文体一般是用韵的。 B、“说”在古代是一种表明自己观点的文体比如《马说》《黄生借书说》《爱莲说》。C 、消息一般由标题、导语、主体、背景和结语组成常按照“次重要—重要—最重要”的顺序安排材料。它的写作要求真实、及时、简明。 D、古人说的“弱冠”指的是男子20岁“桑梓”指的是故乡“鸿雁”常用来喻指书信。 5、下列说法有误的一项是 A 、婉约派是宋词一大流派该派词作情思细腻语言华美代表词人有晏殊、李清照等。B、“诸子百家”中对后世产生过重大影响的学派有儒家、道家、法家、墨家等。 C 、词又称“长短句”句式长短不一。始于宋代苏轼和辛弃疾是豪放词派的代表人物而李清照可以说是婉约词派的代表。 D、《关雎》和《蒹葭》两首诗都充分体现了《诗经》在创作手法上的特点即一唱三叹反复吟咏。 6、下列说法有误的一项是 A 、在人际交往中我们要尽量做到用语得体。比如初次见面用“久违” 好久不见用“久仰”请人帮忙用“拜托”麻烦别人用“劳驾”。 B 、古代称谓词很多其中“令爱”指别人的女儿“令妹”指别人的妹妹 “高足”指自己有才华的学生“泰山”指岳父。 C、“令”是一种敬辞。所以我们在称呼别人的父母时可用“令尊”和“令堂”这样的称呼。 D 、汉语中常用“烽烟”代战争“手足”代兄弟“桃李”代学生“鸿雁”代书信。 7、下列说法有误的一项是 A、“初唐四杰”是指唐朝初年的诗人王勃、杨炯、卢照邻和骆宾王。 B、“唐宋八大家”是指韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石和曾巩。 C、“李杜”是指李白和杜甫“小李杜“是指李商隐和杜牧。 D、“元曲四大家“是指关汉卿、马致远、白朴和汤显祖。 8、下列说法有误的一项是 A、《诗经》以四言为主普遍采用赋、比、兴的手法有重章叠句的特点。 B 、我国第一部诗歌总集是《诗经》第一部水文地理专着是《水经注》。 C、《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集《关雎》和《蒹葭》是其中歌咏纯

美国文学史陶洁序言部分整理

美国文学史序言部分殖民地时期（colonialism)约1607-1765 时期综述（随便看看，重点没有涉及这部分） 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 3、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 启蒙时期与独立战争时期（reasoning and revolution)1765-18世纪末p1 代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 1706-1790 Poor Richard's Almanac《格言历书》A Collection of maxims,or proverbs,on the value of work and savings for success. The Autobiography《自传》开创了美国名人写传记的风气 2、William Hill Brown 威廉·希尔·布朗 The Power of Sympathy《同情的力量》浪漫主义时期（Romanicism)1800-1865 一、文学特征： 1、Transcendentalism超验主义代表人物：Emerson爱默生，believed that man was a part of absolute good。人性本善 Thoreau 梭罗，beheld divinity in the “unspotted innocence” of nature. 自然才是神圣的“洁白无瑕” 二、代表作家： 1、Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文 The Sketch Book《见闻札记》开创了美国短篇小说的传统 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》和Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·凡·温克尔》取材于德国民间故事，以纽约哈德逊河谷为背景 2、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀 frontier saga 边疆传奇小说----Leatherstocking Tales《皮袜子故事集》五部曲创造了原型人物-班波 3、William Cullen Bryant 威廉.卡伦.布莱恩特第一个浪漫主义诗人 To a Waterfowl《致水鸟》The Yellow Violet《黄色的堇香花》 4、Ralph Waldo Emersion 拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生是把超验主义引入新英格兰的先驱p18 作品：Nature《论自然》超验主义理论的“圣经” Essays《论文集》Poems《诗集》The American Scholar《论美国学者》 Representative Men 《人类代表》English Traits《英国特征》 5、Henry David Thoreau 亨利.戴维.梭罗p45 In Walden《沃尔登》描写在湖畔的生活，宣传自然的美好 on the duty of Civil Disobedience《论公民的不服从》

美国文学笔记整理完整版专八人文知识

美国文学笔记整理完整版 1607-1776北美殖民时期Colonial Settlements 约翰·史密斯美国文学史上第一个作家 John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》（美国文学第一本书）乔纳森·爱德华兹清教徒主义作家（Puritanism） Jonathan Edwards 1776-1783独立革命时期Revolution of Independence （启蒙运动）本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almana c穷查理历书； Benjamin Franklin The Way to Wealth致富之道； 1706-1790 The Autobiography自传(记录作者从穷到成功的经历，“美国梦”反映，体现启蒙倡导的理性主义和有序、教育的观点) 托马斯·潘恩美国独立之父the father of American revolution Thomas Paine Common Sense常识（独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets） 1737-1809American Crisis美国危机（鼓励人民抵抗英军，共16小册） Rights of Man人的权利（支持法国革命） The Age of Reason理性时代（基督给他名誉带来的影响）菲利普·弗伦诺独立诗人a poet of the American Revolution，美国诗歌之父 Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲 1752-1832 The British Prison Ship英国囚船 The Wild Honey suckle野生的金银花 The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士--同类诗中最佳托马斯·杰斐逊独立宣言Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson 18世纪末-19世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism 1. 早期浪漫主义华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉) Washington Irving 以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名，humor 1783-1859 The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始） A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作； ----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第1个获国际声誉作家 -----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔(李伯大梦) The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀frontier novel边疆传奇小说sea novel James Fenimore Cooper The Spy间谍（独立战争间谍对抗英国） 1789-1851 The Pilot领航者（sea novel） Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五步曲（frontier novel） The Pioneer拓荒者（the first true romance of the frontier in American literature The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人（主角：Natty Bumppo纳蒂班波） The Prairie大草原 The Pathfinder探路者 The Deerslayer杀鹿者 2. 超验主义New England Transcendentalism 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书manifesto Ralf Waldo Emerson The American Scholar论美国学者; 1803-1882 Self-reliance论自立 The Transcendentalist超验主义者 Representative Men代表人物 School Address神学院演说 Days日子-首开自由诗之先河free verse 亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden瓦尔登湖 Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一周