美国文学期末考试总结

美国文学期末考试总结
美国文学期末考试总结

Ⅰ. Write the author of each item. 10’

1.Anne Bradstreet(The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America)

①Contemplation

②To My Dear and Loving Husband

2. Benjamin Franklin

①The Autobiography (early American Dream)

3. Philip Freneau (Poet of American; The Father of American Poetry)

①The Wild Honey Suckle

②The Indian Burying Ground

③To a Caty-Did

4. Washington Irving(The Father of American Short Story; first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame; regarded as Father of American literature.)

①The legend of Sleep Hollow

②Rip Van Winkle

③The Sketch Book(the beginning of American Romanticism)

5. James Fennimore Cooper

①The Last Mohicans

②Leather Stocking Tales

6. William Cullen Bryant

① Thanatopsis

② To a Water Fowl

7. Edgar Allen Poe (Father of Modern Short Story; Father of Psychoanalysis criticism)

①To Helen

②The Raven

③The Fall of the House of Usher

④The Black Cat

8. Ralph Waldo Emerson (leading new England transcendentalist)

①Nature

②Self-Reliance

③The American Scholar

9. Henry David Thoreau (an active transcendentalist)

①Walden

10. Nathaniel Hawthorne (a master of symbolism; first great American writer of fiction to work in moralistic tradition. combined the American romanticism with puritan moralism; created a new genre psychological romance)

①The Scarlet Letter

②Twice Told Tales

③The Marble Faun

④Blithedale Romance

⑤The Minister’s Black Veil

11. Herman Melville

①Moby Dick

12. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(the fireside poet; love of nature, love for the past)

①A Psalm of Life

②The Slav e’s Dream

③My Lost Youth

④The Song of Hiawatha

13. Walt Whitman

①Leaves of Grass(first genuine epic poem)

②Song of Myself

③I Sit and Look Out

④ Beat!Beat!Drums!

14. Emily Dickinson (the theme of her poetry concern religion, life, death, marriage, immorality, nature etc.)

①I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed

②I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain

③A Bird Came Down the Walk

④I Died for Beauty ___but Was Scarce

⑤I Hear a Fly Buzz ___When I Died

⑥Because I Could not Stop for Death

Ⅱ.True or False choice. 20’

Ⅲ. Choose the best answer 10’

Ⅳ. Appreciation 30’

The Scarlet Letter

Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne

Symbolism:The Scarlet Letter, A symbol of shame, but instead it becomes a powerful symbol of identity to Hester. The letter’s meaning shifts as time passes. Originally inte nded to mark Hester as an adulteress, the “A” eventually comes to stand for “Able.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson

1.Nature

The declaration of Transcendentalism

Analysis of “Nature”

A long essay which has eight parts: the opening, commodity, beauty, language, discipline, Idealism, spirit and prospects. Our selection is taken from the opening. Taken as a whole, “Nature” expresses Emerson’s philosophy in a more systematic fashion than any other work of his.

Meanings of nature

I Beauty

nature is beautiful. : the complete, mysterious, useful and moral beauty of nature. First, nature’s beauty lies in its completeness. Second, nature’s beauty lies in its mystery. cannot be manipulated. Only when he holds a sincere respect for nature, can man feel the mysterious beauty of nature. Third, nature’s beauty lies in its usefulness. Nature provides man without any benefit

II Nature Is Divine

●Nature is divine and has the eternal order which should not be violated. Influenced in a way by

Chinese ancient philosophy, Emerson believes that all the things in the world come from the same root---the Oversoul.

●Emerson believes that man can find God in his own heart by direct contact with nature

●Nature has permeated (penetrate) all aspects of human life. Spirit embodied in nature has

influence upon us. Nature inspires man and gives him\her power. Man should find the truth,

goodness and beauty in his own soul and bring into play his potentiality as human being. Then, he will become himself “All that Adam had, all that Caesar could, you have and c an do".

For Emerson, the individual is potentially the most divine and any organization or existing idea can not limit the development of individual.

III Nature Is Changing

Everything in nature is in a process---growing, withdrawing and falling into the ground. The flowing of nature comes from a force which impels it to develop. For instance, a river is always in constantly flowing. It originates from mountains, flows along great plains and ultimately converges into the sea. Transcendental philosophy

Nature symbolizes freedom, independence and change. These are Individualism elements which attend to significance of common life. Therefore Emerson's nature is the theoretical base of American Individualism---one of the characteristics of American culture. As the symbol of Spirit, nature helps to prove that man's soul is beautiful, divine and fluid. Man should pursue spiritual fulfillment

2.Self-Reliance

①“The Confidence”. a man must show his opinion confidently and bravely in spite of different ideas.

②“The Independence”. A man should keep himself firmly ; not be easily influenced by environment.

③Keep personality, which is closely related to the confidence and the independence. a man must keep his personality and conform to his own principles.

④“Showing no Sympathy to the Poor” shows that why the poor are poor is mainly due to their backward thinking. Showing help to this kind of people means doing harm to them.

Comment: In Self-reliance, Emerson expressed the romantic idea of individualism, with an emphasis on being self-sufficient. He promoted relying on oneself rather than on established society. Emerson was known for his repeated use of phrase “trust thyself”. “Self-reliance”is his explanation---both systematic and passionate of what he meant by this, and why he was moved to make it his catchphrase. Every individual possesses a unique genius, emerson argues, that can only be revealed when that individual has the courage to trust his or her own thoughts, attitudes, and inclinations against all public disapproval.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

1. A Psalm of Life

①Love of nature, love for the past ②Trochaic tetrameter

③constant theme for poets: The relationship of life and death. ④He expresses his pertinent interpretation to that by warning us that though life is hard and everybody must die, time flies and life is short, yet, human beings ought to be hold “to act,” to face the reality straightly so as to make otherwise meaningless life significant.

2. My Lost Youth

Ⅴ. Terms 10’

New England Poets

The new England poets were the representatives of imitation, authors like Irving, William Cullen Bryant, Henry wadsworth Longfellow etc. tried to imitate the forms and themes of their English brothers, such as Alexander Pope, Robert Burns, Thomas Gray, wordsworth and so on.

Rip van winkle

This is one story in Washington Irving’s Sketch Book. It tells a story of a kind but hen-pecked man rip

van winkle. The protagonist does not take care of his own family very well and just wants to live idly. But his wife does not want him to live the life like that and keeps talking to him. Unhappy at home, he enters in the mountain with his gun and dog. One afternoon, he meets some strangers looking people playing at nine pins. Out of curiosity, he drinks the wine and falls into sleep. When he wakes up, he finds his dog missing and his gun rusted. He has to go back to the village again. But can not recognize the village and the folks. Later his surprise, he has been slept for 20 years. And his wife has been dead and his children grow up. At the end of story, his daughter takes him home and he still lives the life as he was used to.

Ⅵ.Comment 20’

1. Comment on Moby Dick:

a. Although the narrator sees insanity in Ahab, Melville’s emotional sympathy is with the deficient Aha

b. He begins with a noble intention to crush evil, but in taking this to the extreme, he becomes evil himself. He is destroyed by his consuming desire to root out evil.

b. Moby Dick is a symbol to represent cruel, brutal, malicious powers of nature. Nature is capable of destroying the human world. Nature threatens humanity & thus calls out the heroic powers of the human beings. So the power of the universe is both of blessing and curse. In this way, the author constructs a complicated statement about American view of nature.

2. Compare: Emily Dickinson with Walt Whitman in their writing style.

Similarities

①Along with Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman stands as one of the two giants of American ②poetry in the nineteenth century.

③Pioneers of imagism

④Part of American Renaissance

⑤Influenced by transcendentalism

⑥Thematically, they both extolled in their different ways and emergent America, its expansion, its individualism and its Americanness, their poetry being part of “American Renaissance”

⑦Technically, they both added to the literary independence of the new nation by breaking free of the convention of the iambic pentameter and exhibiting a freedom in form unknown before: they are pioneers in American poetry.

Differences

①Whitman seems to keep his eyes on society at large; Dickinson explores the inner life of the individual.

②Whereas Whitman is “national” in his outlook. Dickinson is “regional”

③Whitman has the “catalogue techniques”, all-inclusive catalogue. Whereas Dickinson’s concise, direct, simple diction and syntax

外国文学期末考试试题库

一、填空题 1、(古希腊文学)和(希伯来文学)是欧洲文学的两大源流,文学史上称为“二希”传统。 2、欧洲古代文学包括(古希腊文学)和(古罗马文学)。 3、(古希腊)、(古罗马)是欧洲文明的发祥地。 4、公元前12世纪至公元前8世纪是古希腊从氏族公社制向奴隶制社会过度的时期,史称(“英雄时代”)、又称(“荷马时代”)。 5、(宙斯)是雷电神,(赫拉)是天后。 6、(波赛东)是海洋神,(得墨忒耳)是农神。 7、(阿波罗)是太阳神,(阿瑞斯)是战神, 8、赫淮斯托斯是(火神),(赫耳墨斯)是神使。 9、(雅典娜)是女战神,(阿佛洛狄忒)是爱神。 10、阿耳忒弥斯是(月神),(赫斯提亚)是家神。 11、英雄传说中的英雄都是神和人所生的后代,是(半神半人式)的英雄。 12、以某一英雄为中心,形成一个个传说系列,如俄狄浦斯传说系列,(赫拉克勒斯传说)系列,(奥德修斯传说)系列等等。 13、希腊神话的艺术特征主要有三点:1、(想象力极强)2、(故事性极强)3、(哲理性极强) 14、(柏拉图)称(萨福)为“第十位文艺女神”。 15、(《埃涅阿斯纪》)是欧洲文学史上第一部(文人)史诗。 16、流传至今的唯一一部完整的古希腊三连剧是(《俄瑞斯忒亚》),这个三部曲的基 本主题是反映(父权制)对母权制的斗争和胜利。 17、(埃斯库罗斯)被誉为“悲剧之父”。阿里斯托芬被誉为(“喜剧之父”)。 18、(教会文学)在中世纪欧洲文学史上长期占据统治地位,其文学题材大多取材于(《圣经》)。 19、(盎格鲁·撒克逊)人的(《贝奥武甫》)是流传迄今的欧洲最完整的一部史诗,共3100余行。 20、骑士抒情诗种类很多,其中以(《破晓歌》)最为有名。

美国文学史总结

ⅠColonial America(17th century)殖民主义时期文学 1.In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America and he mistook the native people on the new continent for Indians. Character of colonial literature: a.content: religious, political b.form: diary, journal, letters, travel books, sermons, history (personal literature) c.Style: simple. direct, concise d.out of humble origins Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history. The earliest settlers in America included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians and Portuguese. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿) 2.Captain Town Smith, the first American writer 3.Puritan Thoughts: hard work, thrift(节俭), piety(虔诚), sobriety(节制), 这些也成了早期 美国作品主导思想. 典型的清教徒:John Cotton & Roger William, John Cotton was called “the Patriarch of New England(新英格兰教父)” 清教徒采用的文学体裁:narratives(日记) and journals(游记) 清教徒在美国的写作内容: 1)Their voyage to the new land 2)Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3)About dealing with Indians 4)Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 4.Private literature: theological, moral, historical, political 5.The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. Anne Bradstreet is one of the most interesting of the early poets, 英国最早移民到美国的诗人. The best of the Puritan poets was Edward Taylor. ⅡReason and Revolution(18th century)理性和革命时期文学 1.The War for Independence (1776-1783) ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 2.Bourgeois Enlightenment 3.Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard’s Almanac(穷人理查德的年鉴), an annual collection of proverbs. The Autobiography, 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传 ?The Autobiography is, first of all, a Puritan document. It is Puritan because it is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. The Puritans, as a type, were very much given to self-analysis. ?The Autobiography shows Franklin was spokesman for the new order of 18th-century Enlightenment, and that he represented in America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free, by nature endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

《美国文学》期末考试试卷(A卷)答案

湖州师范学院外国语学院2008— 2009学年第二学期 《美国文学》期末考试试卷(A卷)答案暨评分标准 I. Write the names of the authors. (10%) ①Walt Whitman ②Edgar Allen Poe ③Wallace Stevens ④Franklin Norris ⑤Stephen Crane ⑥William Faulkner ⑦Sinclair Lewis ⑧John Steinbeck ⑨Langston Hughes ⑩Tennessee Williams II. Fill in the following blanks with appropriate information.(10%) ①New England ②Regionalism or Local color writing ③semi-autobiographical ④anti-realism ⑤Imagist ⑥Santiago ⑦multiple narrations or points of view ⑧1930 ⑨Harlem Renaissance ⑩Eugene O’Neill III. Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer. (20%) 1-5. A D C B B 6-10. D B E B A IV. Identify the author and the title of the work from which each of the following excerpts is taken. And then answer the question after each excerpt. (20%) Passage 1 the author: Walt Whitman (1%) the title of the work : Songs of Myself (1%) Question: What is the poet celebrating? (2%) The poet is celebrating individualism and nationalism, singing of all those people who form the American nationality.

美国文学选读期末考试重点

1、The Colonial Period(1607-1765) American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息,夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响(metaphysical) 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism(end of 18th to the civil war) American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature 短篇小说 James Fenimore Cooper 历史,冒险,边疆小说《The Leather-stocking Tales>文明发展对大 自然的摧残与破坏 William Cullen Bryant 美国第一个浪漫主义诗人《To a Waterfowl>美国 山水,讴歌大自然,歌颂美国生活现实 Edgar Allan Poe ---(48 poems,70 short stories) He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake.” He was father of psychoanalytic criticism , and the detective story. Ralph Waldo Emerson---The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism American Transcendentalism (also known as “American Renaissance”) It is the high tide of American romanticism Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 《Nature》---the Bible of Transcendentalism by Emerson 《Self-Reliance》表达他的超验主义观点Henry David Thoreau------ Walden he regarded nature as a symbol of spirit.Thoreau was very critical of modern civilization. 小说家:Hawthorne-赞成超验He is a master of symbolism The Scarlet Letter《红字》 Melville 怀疑,悲观,sailing experiences Moby Dick百科全书式性质/海洋作品/动物史诗 诗人Longfellow《I Shot an Arrow...》《A Psalm of Life》第一首被完整地介绍到中国的美国诗歌Whitman (Free Verse---without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme ) 《Leaves of Grass》《One's Self I Sing》《O Captain! My Captain!》song Dickinson inner life of the individual ---died for beauty 4、The Age of Realism James upper reaches of American society. <一位女士的肖像》inner world of man Howells, concerned himself chiefly with middle class life. Twain the lower strata of society. humor and local colorism American Naturalism 自然主义(新型现实) Stephen Crane;《Maggie: A Girl of the Streets》《The Red Badge of Courage》pessimistic Theodore Dreiser;Sister Carrie;Jennie Gerhardt;An American Tragedy(Trilogy of Desire) O.Henry (William Sydney Porter):The Gift of the Magi;The Cop and the anthem Jack London:The Call of the Wild;Martin Eden 5、The Modern Period The 1920s-1930s ( the second renaissance of American literature) The Roaring Twenties ,The Jazz Age ,“lost”(Gertrude Stein) and “waste land”(T.S.Eliot) 现代主义小说家 F. Scott Fitzgerald:《The Great Gatsby》被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征,以美国梦American Dream 为主线。

2008年浙师大《外国文学名著鉴赏》期末考试答案

(一)文学常识 一、古希腊罗马 1.(1)宙斯(罗马神话称为朱庇特),希腊神话中最高的天神,掌管雷电云雨,是人和神的主宰。 (2)阿波罗,希腊神话中宙斯的儿子,主管光明、青春、音乐、诗歌等,常以手持弓箭的少年形象出现。 (3)雅典那,希腊神话中的智慧女神,雅典城邦的保护神。 (4)潘多拉,希腊神话中的第一个女人,貌美性诈。私自打开了宙斯送她的一只盒子,里面装的疾病、疯狂、罪恶、嫉妒等祸患,一齐飞出,只有希望留在盒底,人间因此充满灾难。“潘多拉的盒子”成为“祸灾的来源”的同义语。 (5)普罗米修斯,希腊神话中造福人间的神。盗取天火带到人间,并传授给人类多种手艺,触怒宙斯,被锁在高加索山崖,受神鹰啄食,是一个反抗强暴、不惜为人类牺牲一切的英雄。 (6)斯芬克司,希腊神话中的狮身女怪。常叫过路行人猜谜,猜不出即将行人杀害;后因谜底被俄底浦斯道破,即自杀。后常喻“谜”一样的人物。与埃及狮身人面像同名。 2.荷马,古希腊盲诗人。主要作品有《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》,被称为荷马史诗。《伊利亚特》叙述十年特洛伊战争。《奥德赛》写特洛伊战争结束后,希腊英雄奥德赛历险回乡的故事。马克思称赞它“显示出永久的魅力”。 3.埃斯库罗斯,古希腊悲剧之父,代表作《被缚的普罗米修斯》。6.阿里斯托芬,古希腊“喜剧之父”代表作《阿卡奈人》。 4.索福克勒斯,古希腊重要悲剧作家,代表作《俄狄浦斯王》。5.欧里庇得斯,古希腊重要悲剧作家,代表作《美狄亚》。 二、中世纪文学 但丁,意大利人,伟大诗人,文艺复兴的先驱。恩格斯称他是“中世纪的最后一位诗人,同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”。主要作品有叙事长诗《神曲》,由地狱、炼狱、天堂三部分组成。《神曲》以幻想形式,写但丁迷路,被人导引神游三界。在地狱中见到贪官污吏等受着惩罚,在净界中见到贪色贪财等较轻罪人,在天堂里见到殉道者等高贵的灵魂。 三、文艺复兴时期 1.薄迦丘意大利人短篇小说家,著有《十日谈》拉伯雷,法国人,著《巨人传》塞万提斯,西班牙人,著《堂?吉诃德》。 2.莎士比亚,16-17世纪文艺复兴时期英国伟大的剧作家和诗人,主要作品有四大悲剧——《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》《麦克白》、《李尔王》,另有悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等,喜剧有《威尼斯商人》《第十二夜》《皆大欢喜》等,历史剧有《理查二世》、《亨利四世》等。马克思称之为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。 四、17世纪古典主义 9.笛福,17-18世纪英国著名小说家,被誉为“英国和欧洲小说之父”,主要作品《鲁滨逊漂流记》,是英国第一部现实主义长篇小说。10.弥尔顿,17世纪英国诗人,代表作:长诗《失乐园》,《失乐园》,表现了资产阶级清教徒的革命理想和英雄气概。 25.拉伯雷,16世纪法国作家,代表作:长篇小说《巨人传》。 26.莫里哀,法国17世纪古典主义文学最重要的作家,法国古典主义喜剧的创建者,主要作品为《伪君子》《悭吝人》(主人公叫阿巴公)等喜剧。 五、18世纪启蒙运动 1)歌德,德国文学最高成就的代表者。主要作品有书信体小说《少年维特之烦恼》,诗剧《浮士德》。 11.斯威夫特,18世纪英国作家,代表作:《格列佛游记》,以荒诞的情节讽刺了英国现实。 12.亨利·菲尔丁,18世纪英国作家,代表作:《汤姆·琼斯》。 六、19世纪浪漫主义 (1拜伦, 19世纪初期英国伟大的浪漫主义诗人,代表作为诗体小说《唐璜》通过青年贵族唐璜的种种经历,抨击欧洲反动的封建势力。《恰尔德。哈洛尔游记》 (2雨果,伟大作家,欧洲19世纪浪漫主义文学最卓越的代表。主要作品有长篇小说《巴黎圣母院》、《悲惨世界》、《笑面人》、《九三年》等。《悲惨世界》写的是失业短工冉阿让因偷吃一片面包被抓进监狱,后改名换姓,当上企业主和市长,但终不能摆脱迫害的故事。《巴黎圣母院》 弃儿伽西莫多,在一个偶然的场合被副主教克洛德.孚罗洛收养为义子,长大后有让他当上了巴黎圣母院的敲钟人。他虽然十分丑陋而且有多种残疾,心灵却异常高尚纯洁。 长年流浪街头的波希米亚姑娘拉.爱斯梅拉达,能歌善舞,天真貌美而心地淳厚。青年贫诗人尔比埃尔.甘果瓦偶然同她相遇,并在一个更偶然的场合成了她名义上的丈夫。很有名望的副教主本来一向专心于"圣职",忽然有一天欣赏到波希米亚姑娘的歌舞,忧千方百计要把她据为己有,对她进行了种种威胁甚至陷害,同时还为此不惜玩弄卑鄙手段,去欺骗利用他的义子伽西莫多和学生甘果瓦。眼看无论如何也实现不了占有爱斯梅拉达的罪恶企图,最后竟亲手把那可爱的少女送上了绞刑架。 另一方面,伽西莫多私下也爱慕着波希米亚姑娘。她遭到陷害,被伽西莫多巧计救出,在圣母院一间密室里避难,敲钟人用十分纯朴和真诚的感情去安慰她,保护她。当她再次处于危急中时,敲钟人为了援助她,表现出非凡的英勇和机智。而当他无意中发现自己的"义父"和"恩人"远望着高挂在绞刑架上的波希米亚姑娘而发出恶魔般的狞笑时,伽西莫多立即对那个伪善者下了最后的判决,亲手把克洛德.孚罗洛从高耸入云的钟塔上推下,使他摔的粉身碎骨。 (3司汤达,批判现实主义作家。代表作《红与黑》,写的是不满封建制度的平民青年于连,千方百计向上爬,最终被送上断头台的故事。“红”是将军服色,指“入军界”的道路;“黑”是主教服色,指当神父、主教的道路。 14.雪莱,19世纪积极浪漫主义诗人,欧洲文学史上最早歌颂空想社会主义的诗人之一,主要作品为诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》,抒情诗《西风颂》等。 15.托马斯·哈代,19世纪英国作家,代表作:长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》。 16.萨克雷,19世纪英国作家,代表作:《名利场》 17.盖斯凯尔夫人,19世纪英国作家,代表作:《玛丽·巴顿》。 18.夏洛蒂?勃朗特,19世纪英国女作家,代表作:长篇小说《简?爱》19艾米丽?勃朗特,19世纪英国女作家,夏洛蒂?勃朗特之妹,代表作:长篇小说《呼啸山庄》。 20.狄更斯,19世纪英国批判现实主义文学的重要代表,主要作品为长篇小说《大卫?科波菲尔》、《艰难时世》《双城记》《雾都孤儿》。21.柯南道尔,19世纪英国著名侦探小说家,代表作品侦探小说集《福尔摩斯探案》是世界上最著名的侦探小说。 七、19世纪现实主义 1、巴尔扎克,19世纪上半叶法国和欧洲批判现实主义文学的杰出代表。主要作品有《人间喜剧》,包括《高老头》、《欧也妮·葛朗台》、《贝姨》、《邦斯舅舅》等。《人间喜剧》是世界文学中规模最宏伟的创作之一,也是人类思维劳动最辉煌的成果之一。马克思称其“提供了一部法国社会特别是巴黎上流社会的卓越的现实主义历史”。

美国文学史总结

Part I The Literature of Co Ion ial Amer ica (殖民地时期的文学) Chap ter 1 John Smith约翰.史密斯 1. A True Relatio n of Such Occurre nces and Accide nts of Note as Hath Happe ned in Virgi nia Si nee the First Pla nting of That Colo ny 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》(1608) 2. A Map of Virgi nia with a Description of the Cou ntry 《弗吉尼亚地图,附:一个乡 村的描述》(1612) 3. The Gen eral History of Virgi nia. New En gla nd, and the Summer Isles 《弗吉尼亚 通史》(1624) Chapter 2 William Bradford (威廉.布拉德福德) Of Plymouth Pla ntatio n 《普利茅斯开发史》(1826) Joh n Win throp (约翰.温思罗普) The History of New En gla nd from 1630 to 1649 《新英格兰史》(1856)Chapter 3 Joh n Cotton (约翰.科登) Roger Williams (罗杰.威廉姆斯) A Key into the Language of America 《开启美国语言的钥匙》/《美国新英格兰地 区土着居民语言指南》 Chapter 4 Anne Bradstreet (安妮.布雷兹特里特)(女性作家) The Te nth Muse Lately Spru ng Up in America 《在美洲诞生的第十位缪斯》Edward Taylor (爱德华.泰勒)(女性作家) Psalms《诗篇》 Part II The Literature of Reason and Revolution (理性和革命时期文学) Chapter 5 Benjamin Franklin (本杰明.富兰克林) 1. Poor Richard ' s Almanac 《穷理查德年鉴》(1732-1758,1729年正式出版) 2. The Declarati on of In depe ndence 《独立宣言》(Fran klin & Jeffers on 杰弗逊) 3. The Autobiography 《自传》 4. Collect Works 《作品选集》 Chapter 6 Thomas Paine (托马斯.佩因) 1. The Caseof the Officers of the Excise 《收税官的案子》(1772)(his first pamphlet) 2. Com mon Se nse《常识》(1776) 3. The America Crisis 《美国危机》(1776-1883)(a series of sixteen pamphlets)(signed “ Com mon Sens” ) 4. Rights of Man 《人权》(I 1791 年,II 1792 年) 5. The Age of Reas on 《理性时代》 6. Agrarian Justice 《土地公平》(his last important treatise 他最后一部重要着作)Chapter 7

大四美国文学期末考试题型及例题

大四美国文学期末考试题型及例题: 1.选择/对错60分(40道选择,20个对错) 2.名词解释10分(5个) 3.选段配对10分(5个) 4.问答20分(10/2) 1.历史:Father / poetess… 2. 名作家:Hemingway, Faulkner, Poe, Hawthorne, Emerson 3.作品:The W asteland/Moby Dick/Scarlet Letter 1.a)选择题(40个,40分) 1. At the age of reason and revolution, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ________. A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist Movement C. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement 2. Which is NOT connected to Benjamin Franklin? ________ A. He was born in a poor family. B. He was a pious puritan. C. He was phrased as “Jack of all trades”. D. He was a master of diplomacy. 3. Ernest Hemingway is noted for the following EXCEPT ________. A. Lost Generation B. Iceberg theory C. American Dream D. Code Heroes 4. Which character is NOT from The Scarlet Letter? ________ A. Hester Prynne B. Roger Chillingworth C. Captain Ahab D. Pearl 5. Jack London’s semi-biographical novel ________well presents the disillusionment of American Dream. A. The American Tragedy B. The Call of the Wild C. Martin Eden D. The Grapes of Wrath b)判断对错题(20个,20分) 1. Poe’s masterpiece “To Helen” is written to memorize his deceased wife. (F) 2. The tone of “Annabel Lee” is optimistic and hopeful. (F) 3. Mark Twain's novel Jumping Frog was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize. (F) 4. Sister Carrie ended up in tragedy because she could not control her fate. (F)

美国文学期末考试复习必备(精)

美国文学期末考试复习必备(精) 1. What’s Puritanism? A religious and political movement which appeals to the right of the individual to political & religious independence. It includes three parts: a code of values, a point of view & a philosophy of life 2. What are the basic Puritan beliefs? 1). Total Depravity 2). Unconditional Election 3). Limited Atonement 4). Irresistible Grace 5). Perseverance of the "saints" 3. What are American Puritan values? Sobriety thrift, Self-reliance Diligence, Struggle, simple tastes 4. What are the features of American literature in the Colonial Period? A. Humble origins: diaries, journals, histories, letters. Its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period. B. in content: serving either god or colonial expansion or both C. in form: imitating English literary traditions. D. in style: tight and logic structure, precise and compact expression, avoidance of rhetorical decoration, adoption of homely imagery and simplicity of diction. E. Symbolism formed in this period ------To the pious Puritan, the physical, phenomenal world was nothing but a symbol of God. F. Simple, fresh and direct style

美国文学史期末总结

美国文学史美国文学

全书的焦点集中于南太平洋一条名叫莫比·迪克的白鲸,以及捕鲸船皮廓德(Pequod)号的船长阿哈(Ahab)如何对它有不共戴天的仇恨.阿哈在一次航行中被莫比·迪克咬掉一条腿,立志报仇,指挥皮廓德号环航全球追踪,终于发现了它.经过三天放下小艇紧追.虽然刺中了这条白鲸,但它十分顽强狡猾,咬碎了小艇,也撞沉了大船.它拖着捕鲸船游开时,绳子套住阿哈,把他绞死了.全船人尽皆灭顶.只有一个水手借着由棺材改制的救生浮子而逃得性命.整个故事以这个水手伊希梅尔(Ishmael)自述的方式展开. The book focuses on a whale named Moby Dick lived in south pacific and the captain of whaler Pequod—Ahab. Ahab was once bite by Moby Dick and lost a leg, determined to revenge,he commanded whaler pequod do global tracking, and finally found it. After three days of hot pursuit with the skiff,while they stabbed this white whale, but it was very tenacious and cunning, eventually chewed the skiff, also sank the ship. It dragged whaler swimming away, the rope was around Ahab, he was hanged. Almost all of people on the boat drowned, only a sailor called Ishmael survived .

美国文学史复习资料要点汇总整编【手动】

美国文学史整理 一、Colonial America 殖民时期 1、New England:Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. 2、Doctrines of Puritanism清教 American Puritanism stressed predestination(命运神定), original sin(原罪), total depravity (彻底的堕落), and limited atonement (有限的赎罪)from God’s grace. 3、Writing style:fresh, simple and direct and with a touch of nobility;the rhetoric is plain and honest. 4、Life style:hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety. 5、Main writer:①Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩 work:Common Sense (1776) 《常识》 American Crisis (1776-1783)《美国危机》 The Rights of Man《人权》 The Age of Reason《理性时代》 ②Benjamin Franklin(本杰明·富兰克林) Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理历书》 Autobiography 《富兰克林自传》 ③Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰弗逊 Declaration of Independence (1776)《独立宣言》 二、American Romanticism (early period) 浪漫主义前期 1、Characteristics: ①A rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism. 反对理性主义的客观性。 ②Feelings, intuitions and emotions were more important for romantics than reason and common sense. 感受、直觉和情感重于理性和常识。 ③An emphasis on individualism; placing the individual against the group, against authority. 强调个人主义,将个人与团体,反对权威。 ④Stress on the close relationship between man and nature. 强调人与自然之间的密切关系。 ⑤Fascination with the wild, the irregular, the indefinite, the remote, the mysterious, and the strange 疯狂的迷恋,不规则,不定,远程,神秘,奇怪 ⑥Cherishing a strong interest in the past, especially the medieval. 对过去有强烈的兴趣,特别是中世纪。 2、Features:New experience in the American Romanticism. A deep influence from the American Puritanism. The “newness” of the Americans as a nation.

外国文学史期末试题

1、拜伦式英雄:在拜伦的《东方叙事诗》中,出现了一批侠骨柔肠的硬汉,他们有海盗、异教徒、被放逐者,这些大都是高傲、孤独、倔强的叛逆者,他们与罪恶社会势不两立,孤军奋战与命运抗争,追求自由,最后总是以失败告终。拜伦通过他们的斗争表现出对社会不妥协的反抗精神,同时反映出自己的忧郁、孤独和彷徨的苦闷。由于这些形象具有作者本人的思想性格特征,因此被称作拜伦式英雄 2、大学才子派:在莎士比亚之前,“大学才子”是对当时活跃于英国戏剧界的一批青年知识分子的统称,以马洛为首、包括格林、基德、李雷在内的人文主义诗剧派别。他们大多受过教育,具有人文主义思想。精通西欧各国的文艺复兴文学,对戏剧颇有创新,他们的戏剧创作和演出活动为莎士比亚的出现奠定了基础。其中马洛是莎士比亚前英国戏剧界最重要的人物,也是英国文艺复兴戏剧的真正创始人。一:莎士比亚戏剧擅长用内心独白手法直接揭示人物的内心世界,使之从而发掘生活的自然真实面目推动剧情发展,为塑造出众多栩栩如生、个性鲜明的典型人物形象起了关键作用,并且剧作中的人物不是单一平面的形象,而是具有多面性复杂性人格。如《哈姆莱特》里的主人公哈姆莱特既是个脱离群众的封建王子,又是个满怀抱负的人文主义者。莎剧还善于在人物的对比中突出主人公性格,如哈姆莱特与霍拉旭同样都是人文主义者,但是遭遇不同、地位不同,霍拉旭理智冷静,哈姆莱特热情深沉,更加反衬出哈姆莱特精神世界的深刻性。 第二:莎士比亚戏剧打破了古希腊古罗马悲喜剧的严格界限,不受古典戏剧“三一律”的束缚,使得戏剧情节具有生动性和丰富性特

点,遵循现实主义的创作原则,反映错综复杂的社会画面,增强浓郁的现实生活气息,往往在剧本里特意设计和安排了两个以上的故事情节或平行发展或曲折交错,彼此对照互相补充。如莎剧《哈姆雷特》矛盾复杂,仅以复仇而言,就有三条线索:丹麦王子哈姆莱特为父复仇而展开的同封建王权的代麦克劳狄斯之间的惊心动魄的斗争,小福丁布拉斯和雷欧提斯为泄私愤、报私仇分别所进行的复仇盲举。其中,以前者为主线,后者为副线,副线从属于主线,推动主要情节的发展。 第三:莎翁戏剧人物人物都是活动在一定社会历史条件下的典型环境之中,即为典型的人物形象塑造典型环境,使得戏剧显示出特殊的社会内容和鲜明的时代色彩(典型的人物形象是指血肉饱满的人物形象,典型环境是指人物所处的广阔的社会背景)也就是我们通常所说的人物借舞台背景而生存行动,舞台背景依赖人物而洋溢生气活力。 第四:莎翁是语言大师,他的戏剧语言词汇丰富多彩,具有个性化、形象化的语言特点。据统计他剧中用到的词汇量达29000个,远远超过他同时代的其他作家,使之闻其声若见其人,博大、深刻、富于诗意,做到哲理性和抒情性的交融,从而描绘更加广阔五光十色的社会生活图景。 第五:莎翁戏剧坚持探索勇于创新,如莎翁剧本所写大部分虽是陈旧题材,但经改造创作,加工变革推陈出新,就变成带有深刻莎土比亚印记的作品,展现浓郁的时代风貌。另外莎翁认为戏剧创作必须正视现实面向人生,与时代保持密切的联系,这正是他长期坚持现实

美国文学史作品作家汇总 全

美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题;Common Sense常识;American Crisis美国危机;Rights of Man人的权利:Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲;The British Prison Ship英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth致富之道;The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家;Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄;Talks of Travelers旅客谈;The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者;The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日

相关文档
最新文档