can和may用法小结

can和may用法小结
can和may用法小结

can和may用法小结

到目前为止,我们已经学习了can和may作为情态动词的一些用法,现在就给大家简单归纳一下。

A.定义:情态动词是一类用于表示说话人的语气和情态的助动词。常表示命令、请求、拒绝、义务、可能、需要等。can和may是其中两个。

B.情态动词的几个特征:

①情态动词不同于实义动词,不可单独作谓语,只有跟实义动词连用才有意义;

②情态动词没有人称和数的变化;

③情态动词后的动词必须用原形。

C. can的用法:

①表示有能力做某事,意为“能、会”。如:

The girl can sing in English.

②表示许可,意为“可以”,如:

You can drive my car to the post office.

③表示推测,意为“也许,可能”。如:

He can’t be your brother, you don’t look the same.

D. may的用法:

①表示请求,语气比can弱。如:

–May I use your eraser?

– Certainly. But you must give it back to me soon.

②表示推测,意为“也许,可能”。如:

She may be at home. Let’s go to see him.

E. 情态动词的否定式和疑问式:

①否定式:一般在can, may后面加not。如:

You can’t use the bike.

He may not be right.

②疑问式:将can, may提前即可。如:

I’m very tired. May I have a rest?

Can you help me (to) study maths?

there being的用法

there being与there to be用法区别 1. "There being" 的用法及意义: 1). "There being"可以用作一个介词的复合宾语,跟 "There to be"不同的是:"There to be"往往表 示目前"没有存在"的事物;而"There being"则通常表示"已经存在"的事情。请看: (1). The Chinese are proud of there being the Great Wall in North China. 中国人以在中国北部有个长城而自豪。 注意: there being 还可以作主语: (2)There being a shop here is a great advantage. 这儿有个商店,真是方便极了。 2). "There being" 还可以用作副词, 在语法上叫"独立结构"。如: There being no teacher in the classroom, the pupils began to talk freely. 由于教室里没有教师,学生们开始自由交谈。 3). 作介词的宾语一般用There being句式,但如果是for时,一般用there to be句式。 (1 ) This depended on there being a sudden change. 这需要有一个突然的改变。 (2) The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。 2. "There to be"的用法及意义: 1). "There to be" 可以用作一个动词的宾语,我们通常称之为复合宾语,其意义常表示对将来 的一种意愿或希望,但目前还没"存在"。例: She doesn't hope there to be any quarrel between me and her. 她不希望我们之间有什么争吵。(对将来的一种希望) 2). "There to be"也可以用在句型 "It be + adj. for..."中。例: It is important for there to be a free school for the poor children. 给贫困的孩子建一所免费学校太重要了。

不定代词用法总结

不定代词总结 一、不定代词 some 与 any 的用法区别 一般说来,不定代词some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any: Would you like some cake 吃点蛋糕吗 Why not buy some bread 为什么不买些面包呢 Shall I get some chalk for you 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗 【说明】不定代词any 有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”: Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。 二、不定代词 many 与 much 的用法以及区别 不定代词many 和 much 都表示“许多”,但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数),与 few(少数)相对;而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数),与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中: Did you see many people there 你在那儿看见许多人了吗 We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间。 Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。 You’ve given me too much. 你已给我太多了。 Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。 I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。 辨析:too much;much too; too many 1、too much常用作副词或代词,也可以用作形容词修饰不可数名词.如: Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health电视看得太多对你的健康有益还是有害 You've given me too much.你给我的太多了. We've had too much rain lately.最近我们这里的雨下得太多了. 2、much too常作副词,后接副词或形容词.如: He drove much too fast.他开车开得太快了. It is much too cold.天实在太冷了. 3、too many常用作形容词,修饰可数名词复数.如:

一般将来时用法及专项练习

一般将来时用法及专项练习 一、一般将来时的动词形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称。但是现在第一人称一般也用will,其区别并不明显。(或“be going to + 动词原形)常与tomorrow, next… , in (the)future,soon, in five days,in two weeks等连用。 如: I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.如明天下雨我就不来。 My father will leave for China next week.我的爸爸下星期要到中国去。 “I’ll, You’ll, He’ll , She’ll , It’ll, We’ll , They’ll …”是简缩形式。二.一般将来时的句型 1.肯定句:主语+shall /will+动词+其他成份 The workers will build a new school here next year.工人们明年将在这儿盖一所新学校。 They will go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午他们将要去购物。 We shall have a delicious dinner tonight. 今晚我们将美餐一顿。 We shall be there before dark. 我们天黑前会到达那里。 2.否定句:主语+shall /will not+动词+其他成份 She won’t come back this week.这一周她不回来了。 I will not go shopping one hour later. 一小时之后我不会去购物。 He won’t play football with you before he finishes his work.他干完活后才能跟你踢足球。 3.疑问句:shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份 Will you be back in ten minutes? 十分钟后你会回来吗? Will you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗? Shall we get something hot to drink? 我们喝一些热饮怎么样? 4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份 Where will you go next week? 下星期你去哪? What shall I do? 我怎么办呢? How many books will they get? 他们将有多少本书?三.will, be going to …, be to…, be about to…的区别 1.be going to +不定式,表示将来。表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯 定要发生的事。be going to和will相比,be going to通常表示主观,will 通常表示客观。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要做什么? Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看看这些黑云,将有 一场暴风雨。 It’s going to be a fine day tomorrow.明天将会是个好天。 It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 2.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。这种结构表示 计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。 We are to have a meeting next Saturday. 下个周日我们有个会。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 这个男孩明天要去上学。 Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗? The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访中国。 3.“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作,意为:很快,马上。后面 一般不跟时间状语。这一结构用于表示客观就要发生的事,表示马上就要 发生。一般不再与时间状语连用。 Don’t go out. We’re about to have a meeting. 别出去了,我们很快就开会 了。 I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发就下起雨来了。 He is about to leave for Shenyang.他将要离开去沈阳。 We are about to leave. 我们马上就走。 The film is about to begin. 电影马上就要开始了。 四.注意事项 1. be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语 连用。 2. Let’s …的附加疑问通常使用“…, shall we ?”。 Let’s have a rest, shall we? 3. 问句是“Shall…?”,答句就用“shall ~”;问句用“Will …?”,答 句就用“will ~ ”。要前后保持一致。 Shall you go to school next week ? Yes, I shall. We’ll have an exam . Will you have an exam tomorrow? Yes, I will. / No, I won’t. 一般将来时专项练习 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? –No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. –Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. (不,不要。) A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. –Where is the morning paper? –I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain

being的用法小结

being的用法小结 句子中的being是不能随便去掉的,在句子中出现being的情况大致分为以下几种: 一,being用作现在分词用法。 (1)一种用作现在分词,是强调正在进行,尤其是在被动语态中的使用,这个时候,being只是一个描述进行时态的符号,如,The trees are being planted,这种用法比较简单,我们也很好分辨。 (2)用作现在分词的时候.being用于作定语中,一般和过去分词连用,放在被说明名词后,表示进行时被动意义:(1)The house being built will be our new laboratory. (2)any text being(作定语,和过去分词translated连用,放在被说明名词any text之后) translated can also be read aloud by GT(google translateor) voice engine。任何被翻译后的文字也都可以被google语音大声的读出来。 (3)being用于状语,一般有逗号,翻译时常加表示状语的词汇,如“由于……”、“……时”等:Being very tiny, ants cannot often be seen by us. (4)还有一种现在分词的用法,是用作独立分词结构,含蓄的表示各种状态:1.There are a large number of different shapes of files, each being made for some particular kind of work.(伴随情况)各种锉刀的形状大不相同,每一种都是为特殊的一类加工而制作的。 (5)being用于介词后“主谓”结构中,即“介词+名词或代词+being+…”。这时介词宾语是一种复合宾语。其中being为现在分词。例如: 1.The pressure of a gas varies inversely as its volume, with temperature being constant.在温度不变条件下,气体压力是和其体积成反比的。 二,being用作动名词时,“being+过去分词”作介词宾语或动词宾语的用法 1.Water has the property of dissolving sugar, sugar (has)the property of being dissolved by water.(介词宾语)水具有溶解糖的特性,糖则具有被水溶解的特性。

不定代词用法归纳

不定代词用法归纳(详细讲解) ■本站特约作者陈根花 一、不定代词概说 英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。 二、指两者和三者的不定代词 有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),注意不要弄混: Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。 There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。 He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子,都不富有。 He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子,都不富有。 【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而 every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用 each,不能用 every。如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road. 三、复合不定代词的用法特点 复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点: 1.复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面: There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗? 2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their:Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]?人人都知道这一点,不是吗? If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。 3.指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用 it,而不用 they:

英语一般将来时用法总结(完整)

英语一般将来时用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择一般将来时 1.Peace is necessary to all. After all, it is the United States and China, as the two largest economies in the world, that ________ most from a peaceful and stable Asia-Pacific. A.are benefited B.will benefit C.will be benefited D.had benefited 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:根据语境“美国和中国将受益于一个和平稳定的亚太地区”可知该句要用一般将来时,故选B。 考点:考查时态 2.--- I’d like a mountain bike which ____ well? --- Will this one _____? A.rides; work B.rides; do C.is ridden; do D.is ridden; work 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查主动形式表示被动含义用法。一些不及物动词与副词连用,表示主语的特征。如wash well,write well等;用主动形式表示被动的含义。本句中的ride well指自行车好骑;第二空的do表示行。句意:—我想买一辆很好骑的山地车。—这个行吗?根据句意说明B正确。 考点:考查主动形式表示被动含义的用法。 点评:。一些不及物动词与副词连用,表示主语的特征。如wash well,write well等;用主动形式表示被动的含义。 3.It every day so far this month. I can't tell you if it tomorrow. A.rained; rains B.is raining; shall rain C.has been raining; rains D.has rained; will rain 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:本题第一空应该使用现在完成式,关键词是后面的时间状语so far(到目前为止),so far通常都是和现在完成时连用。第二空是一个if引导的宾语从句,并非if引导的条件句,在这个宾语从句中,时间状语是tomorrow,这是一个将来时的时间状语,故该宾语从句使用将来时。句义:这个月到现在为止天天都在下雨,所以我无法告诉你明天是否还要要下雨。故D正确。 考点:考察时态 4.What you learn today ______ of practical use when you hunt for a job. A.is proved B.proves C.will be proved D.will prove

正确being的用法

认真将楼主的总结从头到尾看了一遍,总结起来,正确的being用法就是3种: 1、n.+be动词+being+done我们都知道being最典型的错误之一就是n.+being done,只要多加了一个be动词,这就成了合理的被动语态+进行时态,因此正确; 2、prep./固定接动名词的短语或动词+being,因为这是固定搭配,这里边就拿being当be动词的ing形式,自然很好理解; 3、n.+being done,实际上being done是being引导的短语作n.的后置定语。 我们知道,分词短语可以作后置定语,那么为什么不直接用doing做后置定语,而用being done呢?就是有的时候这个doing的动作和被修饰的n.之间是被动关系,所以用being done 来表示被动。 第9题即是如此:The computer software being designed for a project studying Native American access to higher education will not only meet the needs of that study, but also have the versatility and power to facilitate similar research endeavors. (D-P10-15) 这里的being done相当于是software的后置定语,但是design和software之间又不是主谓关系,而是动宾关系,需要用被动,所以就多加了一个being,将doing的后置定语改成了being done的形式 Over... 欢迎补充和指正! 我觉得三点当中,prep.+being和n+be动词+being+done. 做题目的时候,也发现几乎全是对的. (我做过的OG和prep笔记上,至少是这样的). 并且,我还总结了3点being必错的,也是看语法说看来的:(格式非常严格,要不然不能排除) 1. n+being+done(n 和being中间加上其他东西,就不一定了!!) 2. being+adj. (being后面不论是so adj,还是直接adj等等,必错!) 3. being+n. (也是直接排除,不用看being前面是什么) 4. there+being(这是there句型必错的4个之一. 其他3个好像是:there+be+n+done. / there+be+a/an+抽象名词/....还有一个忘记了,there be是表自然存在的,因此,there be 出现的选项很可能是错的,因为它不能表具体动作间的关系) 还有个就是,很多人说逗号后面直接加to do,选项错误率很高. 但是,根据做题经验,这是不一定的,要看清,前边的逗号是不是放了个插入语什么的. 总的来说,我觉得做语法题,最好的一个方法还是看逻辑意思. 小技巧只是用来加快速度,增强排除信息的. 祝大家考试都加油^-^....

不定代词的用法

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最新英语一般将来时用法总结(完整)(1)

最新英语一般将来时用法总结(完整)(1) 一、单项选择一般将来时 1.If Kate goes to the gym this weekend, _______. A.so do I B.so I do C.so will I D.so I will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:如果凯特这个周末去体育馆,我也去。If引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态,主句用一般将来时态;又因为前句说Kate去体育馆,后句说I也去体育馆,故用全部倒装。故选C。 考点:考查时态和全部倒装句。 2.--- I’d like a mountain bike which ____ well? --- Will this one _____? A.rides; work B.rides; do C.is ridden; do D.is ridden; work 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查主动形式表示被动含义用法。一些不及物动词与副词连用,表示主语的特征。如wash well,write well等;用主动形式表示被动的含义。本句中的ride well指自行车好骑;第二空的do表示行。句意:—我想买一辆很好骑的山地车。—这个行吗?根据句意说明B正确。 考点:考查主动形式表示被动含义的用法。 点评:。一些不及物动词与副词连用,表示主语的特征。如wash well,write well等;用主动形式表示被动的含义。 3.However hard he tries,the recorder . A.didn’t work B.won’t work C.isn’t working D.hasn’t worked 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查will用法。句意:无论他多么努力尝试,这个录音机就不工作了。本题中的will表示的是一种倾向性,如The door won’t open.故B正确。 考点:考查will用法 点评:情态动词will有多种不同的用法,will可以表示临时决定做某事;或者表示将来时。 4.--I have you asked John to come to the party this evening? --Yes,I have,but he____ A.doesn't B.hasn't C.hadn't D.won't 【答案】D

不定代词用法总结

不定代词用法总结-标准化文件发布号:(9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

不定代词用法总结 1) some, any, no的用法 a. some和any通常用于表示不定数或不定量,修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。some表示“几个;一些;部 分”,多用于肯定句;而any表示“一些;什么;任何;”,对用于否定句或疑问句中。如: * He asked me some questions. (他问了我几个问题。) * Some of the bread has been eaten. (面包已吃了一些。) * Are there any stamps in this post office (这个邮局里有邮票吗?) * I didn’t have any cigarettes, so I went out to buy some. (我没有香烟了,所以出去买了一些。) b. 刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用于否定句和疑问句。但有时也有例外。这要根据句子意思来 看。 * I could not answer some of his questions. (我不能回答他的某些问题。) (some用在否定句中表示“一些;部分”。如果说成:I could not answer any of his questions.意思就变了,它表示“我不能回答他的任何问题。”) * Will you get me some apples on your way back (你回来的路上能给我带一些苹果吗?) (some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议”) * Let me know if you hear any news. (如果你有任何消息请告诉我。) (any用在条件从句中表示“任何”) * “What would you like to drink” “Any will do.” (“你想喝什么?”“哪种都行。”) (any在这里表示“任何”) c. no在句子中作定语,表示否定,意思是“没有;不是”,它可以修饰可数名词的单数和复数形式或不可数名 词。 * There are no letters for you today. (今天没有你的信。) * I have no money at the moment. Could you lend me some (我现在没有钱。你能借我一些吗?) 2) 复合不定代词的用法 a. 不定代词some, any, no与-one, -body, -thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是: someone anyone no one somebody anybody nobody something anything nothing 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质,可以作主语、宾语等。 b. 因为some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句或疑问句,no表示完全否定,因此由some, any, no与-one, - body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。 c. 第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只用于表示人,它们的形式是单数形式,但有时可以用they或them指 代。 * There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking (你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗?) d. 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如: * There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it. * He looked at me and didn’t say anything. * Nothing can be done to save her life. e. 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰,形容词必须后置。如: * Somebody important has arrived, I’m sure. (important修饰somebody) 3) one和none的用法 不定代词one指代可数名词的单数,即指人,也指物。它的复数形式是ones。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。 * He is not the one who is easily cheated. (one指人) * I’ve made some cakes. Would you like one of them (one指物) * I prefer red roses to white ones. (ones指物) * Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago (ones指人) 4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both a. every只有形容词的性质,在句中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数名词。表示“每个;各个”,还可以表示“一 切”。 * After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone. every还可以和-one, -thing, -body构成复合不定代词,即:everyone, everything, everybody。其中,everyone和everybody用于指人,意思一样,都是“每人;大家”,形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。everything用于指物,意思是“每件事;一切”,形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。如:* One can’t have everything. * Everything goes well with me. * The town is so small that everybody knows everybody else. 注意:在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。everyone是一个不定代词而every on是一个词组,前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意下列例句: * Everyone will be here except Patrick. (everyone 指人) * Every one of the children will get a gift. (every one也指人) *We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost every one. (every one指物)

Being done的用法

Being done的用法 一、与be动词一起构成现在进行时的被动语态(am/ is/ are being done)和过去进行时的被动语态(was/ were being done)。如: The new houses are being painted.这些新房子还在刷漆。 When I went to pay him a visit, he was being examined by a doctor. 当我去看他时,他正在接受医生的检查。 二、作后置定语,修饰某一名词,表示某一被动动作正在进行。如: The meeting being held now is of great importance. 现在正在开的会很重要。 上面的句子也可以变成含有定语从句的句子: The meeting which is being held now is of great importance. 注意:being done,to be done与done均可作后置定语,其区别为:being done表示正在发生的被动动作;to be done表示将要发生的被动动作;而done表示已经发生的被动动作。如: The house to be built here next year belongs to Fred. 明年将在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。 The house built here last year belongs to Fred. 去年在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。 三、作某些及物动词或介词的宾语。如: John hates being laughed at in public. 约翰不喜欢当众被嘲笑。 Do you mind being left alone at home. 把你一个人留在家里你介意吗? My class teacher was honoured for being devoted to the cause of the education. 我的班主任因致力于教育事业受到了表彰。 四、有时作主语或用在see,hear,feel等少量感官动词后作宾语补足语。如:Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路可能是一种可怕的经历。(作主语)He heard the song being sung next door. 他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。(作宾补)Having been done 和done用法的区别 1.done是过去分词,having been done是现在分词完成时的被动语态。两个都可以表示“完成+被动。”但作状语时,having been done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前;而done则不强调这层含义; Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy. (分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)强调分词动作先于谓语动词)Killed, she couldn't stop her blood from going chilled. Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. (过去分词也表示被动,但没有强调动作先后的含义) 2. done可作定语而having been done一般不作定语。 The concert given by the symphony orchesta was a great success. They are problems left over by history. 完成体的分词一般不作定语,若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如: 我们一般不说:The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常这样说:The girl who has won the race is my deskmate. 但非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。如:Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。

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