英汉语差异与外贸英语翻译
外贸英语翻译之价格篇
外贸英语翻译之价格篇（一） Business is closed at this price. 交易就按此价敲定。 Your price inacceptable (unacceptable). 你方价格可以（不可以）接受。 Your price is feasible (infeasible). 你方价格是可行（不可行）的。 Your price is workable. 你们出价可行。 Your price is realistic (unrealistic). 你方价格合乎实际（不现实）。 Your price is reasonable (unreasonable). 你方价格合理（不合理）。 Your price is practicable (impracticable). 你方价格是行得通的（行不通）。 Your price is attractive (not attractive). 你方价格有吸引力（无吸引力）。 Your price is inducing (not inducing). 你方价格有吸引力（无吸引力）。 Your price is convincing (not convincing). 你方价格有吸引力（无吸引力）。 Your price is competitive (not competitive). 你方价格有竞争力（无竞争力）。 The goods are (not) competitively priced. 此货的定价有（无）竞争力。 Words and Phrases price 价格，定价，开价 priced 已标价的，有定价的 pricing 定价，标价 priced catalogue 定价目录 price of commodities 物价 pricing cost 定价成本 price card 价格目录 pricing method 定价方法 price list 定价政策，价格目录，价格单 pricing policy 定价政策 price format 价格目录，价格表 price tag 价格标签，标价条 price current (p.c.) 市价表 （二） Price is turning high(low). 价格上涨（下跌）。 Price is high(low). 价格高（低）。 Price is rising (falling). 价格上升（下降）。
广告英语翻译常用词语
广告英语翻译常用词汇 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚，深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers. 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顾客 making things convenient for customers 方便群众 making things convenient for the people; to suit the peo ple's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活 bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; prov iding amenities for the people; making life easier for the popula tion 各式俱全 wide selection; large assortment
顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一，信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良，疗效显著，誉满全球，欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods
关于英汉互译中的文化差异现象及处理方法
关于英汉互译中的文化差异现象及处理方 法 " 论文关键词：历史文化差异宗教文化差异习俗差异思维模式审美观 论文摘要：翻译是在接受语中制造出原语信息的最近的自然等值物，首先是在意义方面，其次是在文体方面。翻译不仅仅是语言符号的转换，更是文化模式的交流。每个民族都有自己的文化，在历史、习俗、思维和宗教多方面都具有特殊性。译者要仔细在两种文化中寻找对应的表达方式，做出各种必要的转换，以传递原文中真实的文化信息。 Nida说“翻译是在接受语中制造出原语信息的最近的自然等值物，首先是在意义方面，其次是在文体方面。”翻译不仅仅是语言符号的转换，更是文化模式的交流。语言是文化的一部分，是社会发展、历史衍变的产物，作为文化的载体、信息传递的工具，地位举足轻重。不同民族具有不同的地域文化、历史文化和宗教文化,这些文化差异导致英汉表达法的不同。要掌握一种语言就要熟悉其背后的文化特殊性,就要洞察本民族文化与其他民族文化的差异。为使译文读者得到和原文读者基本相同的文化信息，在翻译中遇到两种文化的差异时，译者就要仔细在两种文化中寻找对应的表达方式，做出各种必要的转换，以传递原文中真实的文化信息。 1.1 历史文化差异
历史文化是由特定的历史发展进程和社会遗产的沉淀而成。不同的历史渊源使各民族间形成了相互不同的性格气质和生活方式。中华文化博大精深,孕育了丰富的具有浓厚民族色彩和鲜明文化个性的成语和历史典故。如“三个臭皮匠,抵上一个诸葛亮”, 诸葛亮在中国家喻户晓，他是智慧的象征。但西方人未必知道他。若直译为“Three cobbles equal Zhuge Liang.”译文读者就会很迷惑,因此,应采取直译和增译相结合的方式,译为“Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Chuge Liang the mastermind. ” 或者采用意译的方式译为, “Two heads are better than one.”与英语中的“Two hands are better than one.”相对应。 西方也蕴藏着大量的历史文化典故。如Achilles’ heel、Penelope’s web、a Pandora’s box等。儒教、道教、佛教是中国的三大宗教，在中国民众中有深远的影响。英美人多信仰基督教,认为世界是上帝创造的,世上的一切都是按上帝的旨意安排的，翻译时应注意。如，《红楼梦》中刘姥姥说“谋事在人，成事在天”。Hawkes 译为“Man proposes, God disposes.”（谋事在人，成事在于上帝。）这就把刘姥姥的宗教错认为是基督教了。杨宪益的翻译“Man proposes, Heaven disposes. ”，则更为贴切，更符合刘姥姥的信仰。 1.3 习俗差异 风俗文化是指贯穿于日常社会生活和交际活动中由民族的风俗习惯形成的文化。中国人见面寒暄多问“你到哪儿去？”“你干什么
外贸英语翻译6~10
Chapter Six 3.按照你方要求，我们破例接受以30天迟期信用证办理交货，但下不为例。 As per your request, we will make an exception to our customary practice, accepting L/C at 30 days. But it will in no case set a precedent. 5.我们非常高兴地通知你方，上述合同项下货物已备妥待运。请电汇全部货款。We have pleasure in informing you that the goods under the above contract have been ready for shipment. Please remit the full amount by T/T. 6.对这笔交易，我方已开即期汇票向你方收款。 We have drawn on you at sight for the value of this transaction. 8.鉴于我们多年的良好业务关系，我们同意做出让步，相信这将满足你方的要求。Considering many ye ar’s pleasant business relation between us, we agree to make concession and believe this will meet your demand. 10.抱歉我方不能接受货到目的港后凭单付款的支付方式。 We regret that we are unable to accept D/P upon arrival of goods at the destination port. Chapter Seven 3.如你方能立即办理改证并通知我方，将不胜感激。 We shall appreciate it if you effect amendment and advice us immediately. 4.请注意（做到）信用证条款必须和合同条款完全一致。 Please see to it that the L/C stipulations are in exact accordance with the terms of the contract. 6.你方第568号信用证已收到，但经详阅后发现不准转船和分批装运，请立即修改你们的信用证。 We have received your L/C No. 568, but upon perusal, we find that transshipment and partial shipment are not allowed. Please amend your L/C immediately. 7.我方将由香港汇丰银行开出即期汇票向你方收取该笔款项。 We will draw on you for this amount at sight through HSBC Bank, Hong Kong. 10.我们今天给你方发去传真，要求你们将信用证256号作如下修改：“由上海港装运”改为“由青岛港装运”；“长吨”改为“吨”。 We have fax you today, asking you to make following amendments to L/C No. 256:
常用专业术语翻译
1.素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业：the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷：export credit 12. 贷款质量：loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦：excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费：basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全：economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库：grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market 37. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering
浅谈英汉翻译中的文化差异
浅谈英汉翻译中的文化差异 [摘要]要在两种语言之间进行翻译,除了通晓两种语言文字之外,还必须深刻理 解两种文化之间的差异。本文拟从文化与翻译的关系的角度、以中西文化差异为突破口，对这一问题进行探讨并在此基础上对一些文化差异较大的语言现象提出建议性的翻译方法。 [关键词]文化；文化差异；翻译 根据《现汉》，“文化”有三个定义：1.人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和,特指精神财富,如文学、艺术、教育、科学等;2.考古学用语,指同一历史时期的不依分布地点为转移的遗迹、遗物的综合体。同样的工具、用具、同样的制造技术等，是同一种文化的特征，如仰韶文化、龙山文化；3.指运用文字的能力及一般知识,学习∽ / ∽水平。 而美国1974年出版的The New World Encyclopedia给“Culture”一词下的定义是:It is the totality of the spiritual, intellectual, and artistic attitudes shared by a group, including its tradition, habits, social customs, morals, laws and social relations. Sociologically, every society, on every level, has its culture. The term has no implications of high development.对比这两种定义,不难发现中国人与英美人对“文化”的理解不是完全相同的。英语的Culture定义排除了物质文明发展水平的高低，它只强调艺术、文学、观念、习俗等精神财富，而汉语的“文化”则包括“物质财富”。 据上所述，文化包括了人类生活的方方面面，它包含了人类创造的一切财富，而语言是人类最杰出的创造物之一，因此，语言是文化的产物，同时，又是文化的载体。文化的发展能促进语言的发展，而文化要靠语言来传播和继承。作为记录人类思想和历史的工具，每一种语言都有其独特的文化特色和文化内涵，而翻译就担负着在语言和文化中进行转换、促进交流的重任。正如刘宓庆（1995,316）所说:“语言中几乎处处有所谓‘文化符号’,留待译者‘解码’(decoding)。”在翻译中，译者首先要对原文中的文化符号进行解码。这些文化符号源自我们身处的社会环境，只有悉心分析，敏锐观察才不会有所错漏。在解码之后，译者还需用译语将原文的文化信息重新编码。这一过程则更为不易，要求译者对译语语言和文化有精深通透的了解和把握。正如王佐良先生所言，译者处理的是个别的词，面对的却是两大片文化。（1984：34）美国翻译理论学家尤金.奈达指出:“翻译是两种文化之间的交流，对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比两种语言更重要，因为语言只有在其文化背景中才有意义。” 因此，在翻译工作中，译者除了深厚的语言功底外，还应具备广博的文化知识，才能使两种语言达到真正的交流。尤其是掌握汉英两种语言所反映的中西文化差异这方面的知识更加重要。由于这一问题的广泛性、多变性和复杂性，要进行全面探讨是不可能的。本文仅从以下几个方面对此进行一下论述：
外贸英语中英翻译之 保险
外贸英语中英翻译之保险 F.P.A. stands for "Free from Particular Average". FPA代表平安险。 W.P.A. stands for "With Particular Average". WPA代表水渍险。 I'll have the goods covered against Free from Particular Average. 我将为货物投保平安险。 I know that F.P.A insurance doesn't cover losses on consumer goods. 我知道平安险不包括消费品的种种损失。 I don't think that the W.P.A insurance covers more risks than the F.P.A.. 我认为水渍险承保的范围并不比平安险的范围宽。 Free from Particular Average is good enough. 只保平安险就可以了。 The goods are to be insured F.P.A. 这批货需投保平安险。 What you've covered is Leakage. 你所投保的是渗漏险。 Why don't you wish to cover Risk of Breakage? 您为什么不想投保破碎险呢？ W.P.A coverage is too narrow for a shipment of this nature, please extend the coverage to include TPND. 针对这种性质的货物只保水渍险是不够的，请加保偷盗提货不成险。 Don't you wish to arrange for W.P.A. and additional coverage against Risk of Breakage? 您不想保水渍险和附加破碎险吗？ Not every breakage is a particular average. 并不是所有的破碎险都属于单独海损。 The coverage is W.P.A. plus Risk of Breakage. 投保的险别为水渍险加破碎险。 Well, obviously you won't want All Risks cover. 显然，你不想保综合险。 An All Risks policy covers every sort of hazard, doesn't it? 一份综合险保单保所有的险，是吗？ We'd like? to cover the porcelain ware against All Risks. 我们想为这批瓷器投保综合险。 Please insure the shipment for RMB5,000 against All Risks. 请将这批货物投保综合险人民币5000元。 We've cover insurance on these goods for 10% above the invoice value against All Risks. 我们已经将这些货物按发票金额加百分之十投保综合险。
翻译常用词汇
翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.
外贸英语函电课后翻译
外贸英语函电课后翻译参考答案??中英文对照版?? Chapter Two 1.我们从中国驻东京大使馆商务参赞处得知贵公司的行名和地址??并了解贵公司是经营家用电器产品有经验的出口商 We obtained your name and address from commercial counsellor’s office of the Chinese embassy in Tokyo. They have informed us that you are experienced exporter in the market for home electrical appliances. 2.我们的一个客户对你们的新产品感兴趣 One of our customers is interested in your new production. 3.我们的一个日本客户想要购买中国红茶 One of our customers in Japan wants to be in the market for black tea. 4.如你所知??我们的外贸政策是在平等互利的基础上与各国人民做生意 As you know, our policy is to trade with merchants of various countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. 5.我们希望你方尽最大努力促进业务又增进友谊。 We hope you can try your best to promote both trade and friendship. 6.谢谢你方来函表示提供服务??我方愿与你方就扩大贸易的可能性进行讨论。 Thanks for your letter about service supply, we are willing to talk about the possibility of promoting trade. 7.我们了解到你公司是中国手工艺品的出口商??因此冒昧的写信给你 We have acknowledged that your company is the exporter of Chinese handicraft. 8.我们相信??贵我双方的业务将随着时间的推移而得到发展。 We are sure that business between us will be promoted as time passing. 9.你方2 月15 日函悉??并已转交给了上海分公司办理答复??因为你所询购的商品属于他们经营范围 Your letter of Feb 15th addressed to us has been passed on to our Shanghai Branch Office for attention and reply, as the goods you inquired is within the range of their business activities. 10.我们是一家在全世界范围内进行进出口业务的贸易公司 We are a trading company handling the import and export business around world. 1、经你方商会的介绍??我方欣悉贵公司的行名和地址。 On the recommendation of your Chamber of Commerce, we have learned with pleasure the name and address of your company. 2、我公司专门经营中国纺织品出口??并愿意在平等互利的基础上与贵公司建立业务关系。We are specializing in the export of Chinese textiles and glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. 3、为使贵方对我方产品有全面的了解??我方另函寄去一本目录册及一套小册子以供参考。To make you know well of our products, we are separately sending you a catalogue together with a set of brochure for your reference. 4、如对目录中所列之任何产品感兴趣??请具体询价??我方将立即报价。 Please specific inquire if you are interested in any of the items listed in the catalogue. We will quote promptly.
外贸英语各种信件翻译
1.索取资料(产品信息) Gentlemen/Ladies: We confirm receipt of your letter(your ref. L-CBA-0001) of February 1，2000 regarding the marketing of your children's clothes in this country.In order for us to study the matter in greater detail, we would appreciate receiving a price list for each item shown in your catalog. V ery truly yours, 先生们／女生们： 我们已收到贵公司于２０００年２月１日发出的关于在我国销售童装的信函（贵公司参考号为Ｌ－ＣＢＡ－０００１）．为了我们更详细地研究此事，我们希望能得到贵公司产品目录中所列项目的价格表． 您忠实的， in order for us to ... 为了我们．．． it would be very helpful if you could... 如果贵方能．．．将会给我们很大帮助． (1) 如果贵方能寄来商品目录和价格表,我们不胜感激. (2) 请贵方寄来相关资料. (3)贵方若能寄来销售统计数字,将会给我方很大帮助. (1) We would appreciate it if you could send us a list of your merchandise and a price list. (2) We would like to ask you to kindly send us the related information. (3) It would be very helpful if you could send us statistics on your sales. 2.索取资料（企业情况） Dear Sir/Madam, We are a company that imports yachts for sale to Japanese clients and we have enclosed our company's brochure for your reference.Y our company's name to our attention through an article in the August issue of Ocean Magazine and we understand that you manufacture yachts of various sizes. Since we might be interested in doing business with your company, we would like to have some information about you r company, we would therefore appreciate your sending us your company's catalog so that we can examine the business potential more closely. Thank you for your attention. Y ours faithfully, 亲爱的先生／女士： 我公司从事游艇进口，并向日本销售．随信寄去我公司手册，以供参考．＜海洋杂志＞八月号的一篇文章引起了我们对贵公司的注意．我们了解到贵公司生产不同型号的游艇，我公司有望与贵公司做生意，因此希望了解贵公司及产品的情况，请寄来贵公司产品目录，以便我们进一步研究合作的可能性．我方不胜感激． 感谢贵公司的关注． 您忠实的， be keenly interested in...... 对．．．非常感兴趣 develop an interest in (toward)......对．．．产生兴趣 line of business 经营范围 product line 产品种类 １.我们通过东京工商会了解了贵公司的情况． ２.我公司是东南亚地区最大的高尔夫设备销售代理商之一，我们已获得贵公司新产品的有关信息． ３.我方对贵公司新近开发的技术很感兴趣． １.We learned of your company through the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Tokyo. 2. Our company is one of the largest sales agents for golf equipment in South East Asia and we have obtained information about your new products. 3. We are very much interested in your recently-developed technology. 3.寄送资料 Dear Mr. Y amato,
2019英语四级翻译常用词汇：教育词汇
2019英语四级翻译常用词汇：教育词汇 成人夜校 night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts 理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院teachers’ college; normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college) entrance examination 高校扩招 the college expansion plan
教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit 启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate
外贸英语翻译
外贸英语翻译 1、proper acking can be extremely important depending on the type of product and its destination.根据产品的类型及其目标的适当acking是非常重要的。 2、Ocean voyages may be most damaging to the goods that are not properly packed. 西洋可能是最具破坏性的不妥善包装的商品。 3、goods subject to breakage have to be crated ,and those subject to moisture wrapped in plastic.破损的货物必须笼，和那些受水分包装在塑料当中。 4、others may require some special treatment or coating before shipment,still others have to be refrigerated while in transit.在装运之前，其他人可能需要一些特殊的处理或涂层，还有的人一定要冷藏运输中。 5、actually,packing not only serves as a form of protection, but also faciliates loading ,unloading and stowage ,and prevents pilferage. 其实，包装不仅是一种保护形式，但也进行加载、卸载和装载，并防止偷盗。 6、furthermore it can promote sales.此外，它可以促进销售。 1、risk is common in every corner of the world.风险是共同在世界的每一个角落。 2、Risk,which is the chance of loss,exists in most business decisions and transaction.风险是损失的机会，存在于大多数商业决策和交易。计算机翻译 3、In international trade,goods traveling long distances to another country,out of the direct physical control of both the buyer and the seller,may face all kinds of risks or losses and therefore must be insured against loss or damage at each stage of在国际贸易中，长途旅行到另一个国家的货物，买方和卖方的直接物理控制，可能面临各种风险或损失，因此在每个阶段必须投保损失或损害他们旅行。计算机翻译 4、in this way,whatever mode oftransport is being used,neither the exporter nor the customer suffers any loss.这样，无论oftransport正在使用模式，无论是出口还是客户遭受损失。 1、so,insurance exists to protect the importer or exporter against the financial loss which he would otherwise suffer in case damage or loss was inflicted upon him.without adequate insurance and protection of the interests of those with goods in transit international trade cannot be guaranteed 所以，保险的存在是为了保护对财政损失，以防损坏或丢失，他否则将受到进口商或出口商造成了他。没有足够的保险和保护这些货物在运输途中的利益，国际贸易无法保证。计 2、an increase in trade increases the transport of goods.and while the transportation of goods is not political；more a function,in a global sense,political interest comes around domestically,considering that it is the means to sell your products,or receive your goods. 在提高货物运输增加。虽然货物运输不是政治；更多的功能，在全球意识、政治利益在国内出现，考虑到这是你的产品推销的手段，或收到您的货物。 3、so transpor