雅思文章之对比型段落

雅思文章之对比型段落
雅思文章之对比型段落

雅思文章之对比型段落

比较和对比型段落多用于说明性文章。它的特点是通过两个或更多的论述对象进行比较或者对照,陈述它们的异同,从而说明作者的观点,引出结论。

作者根据写作目的的需要来掂配笔墨的轻重稀浓。对于论述对象的描述有的是首先“平起平坐”,有的则是有所侧重。

例1:The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related.

由此段可得:作者无意“厚此薄彼”。首先分别介绍理论科学家和应用科学家的不同工作领域,然后指出他们是同等重要、相互依存。所以此段基本属于“平起平坐”一类。

例2:At the University of Kansas art museum, investigators tested the effects of different coloured walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings. For the first group, the room was painted white; for the second, dark brown. The experiment revealed that those who entered the dark brown room walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than the people in the white environment. Dark brown stimulated more activity, but the activity ended sooner.

这一段属于“有所侧重”的一类。作者指出实验在白、棕两种颜色的房间

进行,但太多笔墨都用于描述深棕色房间度对于人们刺激而带来多动行为的事实,并在说明中采用了一些含有比较级的句子,这样白房间里的实验结论便不言而喻了。对比、比较类段落的分类大致有三种:先比较,后结论,例1便是此类;先主题句,再比较,后结论,例2属于此类;第三类是先结论,后比较,下面的例子较为经典。

例3:Colors do influence our moods; there is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing...

掌握了上述三种布局类型,对于抓住中心思想,领会文章精髓,无疑可起到事半功倍的作用。

通常我们可以通过抓关键词的方法来识别文章中的比较和对比型段落。

在阐发比较对象的相同点时,same, like, similar, likewise, equal, identical这样的词语用得较多。而阐发相异之处时,则多用but, however, yet, nevertheless, whereas, although, despite, in spite of, even if, in contrast, by contrast, compare with, on the contrary等。

例1中的“one..., the other...”,例2中的“for the first, ... For the second...”和例3中的“on the other hand”这些词汇也都是较常见的比较、对比指示词。另外,在例2中还使用了形容词和副词的比较级,这些比较、对比型段落中常常使用的语言形式。QQ群:635093749

值得一提的是在比较、对比型段落中还有一种特殊的类型。当作者试图介绍一个抽象思维的概念或不为人们熟悉的事物时,往往是借助比喻或类比的方

法,引入另一个具体的概念或人们所熟知的具体事物,然后进行比较。但这种比较或对比是有所侧重的,其最终目的是通过比较这两种事物的异同点,把复杂抽象的概念通俗化,具体化。

比较、对比型段落是较常见的一种段落形式,了解有关它的一些基础知识,对提高阅读水平大有裨益。

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