词汇+语法
例句
His old car consumed much gasoline.
他的旧汽车耗油很多。
I'm sure that Chinese people consume the largest amount of rice in the world.
我敢肯定,世界上中国人吃掉的大米最多.
●词组
be consumed with 为(某种思想)而不断受折磨
consume time 消耗时间
consume away 烧毁，毁灭
?辨析
consume, devour, eat, ingest, swallow
这几个词的共同意思是“吃”。其区别在于:eat最常用,指放入口中经过咀嚼再吞咽下去的过程,对人或物都适用,引申指缓慢地逐渐腐蚀或消磨过程; consume指吃完全部食物或喝光所有饮料,引申指消耗光所有的物质、金钱等; devour强调狼吞虎咽地吃,引申指吞灭或毁灭; ingest是生理学用语,指咽下或吸收的过程; swallow指不经过充分咀嚼就囫囵吞入肚中,强调匆忙。
例句
The termites have eaten deep into the wood.
白蚁已经把木头蛀得很深了。
The fire soon consumed the wooden building.
大火不久就烧毁了这座木头建筑物。
He was devoured by hate.
他满腔怨恨。
Twelve workers have ingested radioactive substances well above the permitted maximum.12
This drug can't be swallowed; it has to be injected.
这药不能吞服,只能注射。
签名; 签署
例句
I subscribe to" Reader's Digest" magazine.
我订了《读者文摘》杂志。
They refused to subscribe to the agreement.
他们拒绝在协议上签字。
●词组
subscribe for 订购,预订…; 捐…
subscribe to 向…捐…; 订阅…; 预订…; 签名认可,同意…
subscribe document 签署文件
subscribe a motto 签名题词
subscribe name 签名
?特别提示：
subscribe的基本意思是“公开表示衷心赞同”,可用于签字表示同意,也可用于以捐资表示赞助。
subscribe作“赞助”解时,常与to连用,可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时接名词或代词作宾语。
subscribe作“签名”解时,可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语。
◆[vt.] set in action against; put forward as contrast or opposite反对; 使相对
例句
It was courageous of him to oppose his chief.
他敢反对自己的上司，真勇敢。
They opposed the government's new policies.
他们反对政府的新政策。
●词组
oppose the plan 反对这个计划
oppose waste 反对浪费
oppose bitterly 激烈地反对
oppose against 对照,对比
oppose black to white 使黑白相对
oppose to 使反对
oppose violence with violence 用暴力来反对暴力
?辨析
oppose, oppose to
这组词语都有“反对”的意思。其区别在于:
oppose是及物动词, oppose to中的oppose是不及物动词。
oppose着重动作,一般用于主动结构; oppose to着重态度,多用于被动结构。
不变的
)稳固；使坚定
例句
Don't tell your secret to him before you get a steady relationship
She held onto a strap to steady herself..
她拉住手吊环以便站稳。
●词组
steady aim 稳定的目标
steady income 固定收入
steady job 固定的工作
be steady in one's principle 坚持原则
?拓展
steadily[adv] 稳定地；稳固地；逐步地
这种药使用过量会损伤肝脏。
●词组
in the result 在结果中, 在结局中...
in result 结果
?拓展
incur[v] 招致
例句
She wept to see him in such a state.
她一见他那种情形簌簌泪下。.
He was wary of telling state secrets
他小心翼翼以免泄漏国家机密。
●词组
abnormal abort 异常终止
abnormal absorption 反常吸收
abnormal addition 异常反应
abnormal behavior 反常行为，异常行为，变态行为abnormal breath 气息异常
abnormal child 变态儿童，异常儿童
abnormal circumstance 不正常情况
abnormal class 变态级，异常类
abnormal climate 异常气候
She is a passionate advocate of education reform.
她是一名教育改革的热情拥护者。
●词组
advocate a theory 宣扬一种理论
advocate a view 提出一种看法
advocate family planning 提倡计划生育
advocate free competition 主张自由竞争
advocate nonviolence 鼓吹非暴力主义
?辨析
advocate, agitate for, air, preach
这组词语都有“鼓吹”的意思。
其区别在于:preach指认为正当或有价值而极力主张; advocate指公开宣扬一种计划或主张; agitate for则指公开极力宣扬或强烈反对某些政治或社会变革; 而air则指大声宣扬自己的思想、观点或抱怨等。
他保证准时付房租。
●词组
display(show) commitment 显示忠诚
meet one's commitments 履行承诺
religious commitment 宗教上的虔诚
sincere commitment 虔诚的信奉
commitment to a doctrine 信奉某一学说
● 词组
unknown quantity 难以预测的人〔事〕 certain quantity 若干数量 in quantity
数量上
in great quantity 大量～+介词 a quantity of
一定量的,一些,许多
quantity of electricity 电量 quantity of heat
热量
? 辨析
quantity, aggregate, amount, number, sum, total, whole 这组词的共同意思是“总数、总合”。
其区别是：aggregate 指把数目的各个部分加在一起；amount 指累积的结果；number 指 数字或东西相加所得的总数；sum 指最后的总结果，表示截至现在的总数, 还有增加 的可能；total 和whole 都指合计的结果的全体，total 常指大的数量，whole 也含有各部
分总和的意味。quantity 主要表示物质的量。
他是怎么知道我们在什麽地方的呢？
How did this come about?
这是怎么发生的?
?拓展
come across 偶然遇到／碰到
come to 恢复知觉；总共，共计
come out 显露；出版，发行
come back to life 复活
come back 回来，（旧事）在记忆中出现
come on 快，走吧；加油
come up 出现，到场；（问题等）被提出
come up with 想出，提出（计划等）
come into being 形成，出现
Expressions
1.There is no doubt that t he earth is becoming warmer.....has caused this global warming
rather than a random....
髦无疑问，地球在变暖……地球变暖正是……导致的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。
◆There is no doubt that..... 毫无疑问....
There is no doubt that he can come on time.
毫无疑问他可以按时到达。
?扩展
There is little doubt that... 毫无疑问
There is no point (in) doing sth．做某事是没有意义的
There is no need (for sb．)to do sth．对某人来说没必要做某事
It is no wonder that... 难怪……
It is no use/good doing sth．做某事是没有好处的
◆random[adj/n]
He wasn't listening and made a random answer to the teacher's question.
他没有听讲，对老师的问题乱答一通。
This list is arranged in a random order．
这份名单是按随机顺序排列的。
(2) [n]，随意
搭配：at random随意地，随机地
She took a book off the shelf at random．
她随意从书架上拿下一本书。
Names were chosen at random from a list．
名字是从名单中随机选的。
2.I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.
我正代表学校做一场关于全球面暖课题的研究。
◆on behalf of
(l) 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
Please let me apologize on behalf of the hotel.
请允许我代表旅馆向您道歉。
He accepted the invitation on behalf of the whole class.
他代表全班接受邀请。
(2) 为了帮助；帮助
They campaigned on behalf of the victims of the war.
他们为这场战争的受害者发起运动。
?辨析
on behalf of sb作“帮助”讲时，意为in behalf of／in one's behalf
另外，in behalf of /in one's behalf还有为了....的利益之意，相当于for the benefit of 或in the interests of.
We collected money in behalf of the homeless
我们为帮助无家可归者而募捐。
3. We do not have to put up with pollution.
我们不能忍受环境污染。
◆.Put up with忍受，容忍
例句
I'm not going to put up with this!
我再也受不了啦！
I can't put up with you any longer.
我不能再忍耐了。
?扩展
put about 改变方向
put sb about 使某人烦恼
put across 解释,被理解
put away 把…收起来,储存…备用,处理掉
put down 放下
put forth 提出,放出,使出,长出,出版
put forward 提出
put in 使投入
put off 延期,推迟
put on 穿上,戴上
put out 熄灭,放出,长出,激怒,生产,出版
put over 推迟,延期
4.Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. 如果情况允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。
◆这是一个主从复合句。if引导的是一个条件状语从句，主句是祈使句。
?特别提示：
a) if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时.
If he runs he’ll get there in time.
如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。
b) if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can .
If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted.
c) if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should
If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread.
如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。
d) if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时.
If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)
如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。
e) if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时.
If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs.
如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。
f) if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时.
If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.
如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账
◆circumstances
n．情况；环境
例句
In normal circumstances,l would have gone away at once.
在正常情况下，我会立刻走掉的。
It is the best result that could be expected under the circumstances.
在这种情况下，这是可以期待的最好结果了。
We can't take measures until we've known all the circumstances.
直到摸清了所有的情况，我们才能采取措施。
?拓展
under/in.…circumstances 在……情况下
under/in no circumstances 一点儿也不
例句
Under such difficult circumstances,l decided to make all my efforts.
在这样困难的情况下，我决定尽最大的努力。
在任何情况下．我都不会离开你。
6．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it-if not turn it off.
在用电器设备时如果不用就把它关掉.
◆so long as引导的条件状语从句，句中it是形式主语，动词不定式短语做真正主语。
例句
My parents don't care what job I do as long as I'm happy.
我父母对我从事什么工作无所谓．只要我开心就好。
I don't care, so long as she let me be with her.
只要让她和我在一起我才不在乎呢。
It matters little who does it so long as it is done．
只要事情做了，谁做都行。
?特别提示
so long as也可写为as long as
条件状语从句有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句（即虚拟语气）除了so/as long as 外，还有if（如果），unless(如果不，除非)，if（只要，如果），suppose/supposing( that)(如果，假设)，given (that)（如果），only （that）等。
7.The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。
◆这是一个主从复合句,when引导一个时间状语从句。
◆quantities of 大量的
例句
Huge quantities of necessities are needed here．
这里需要大量的生活必需品：
Small quantities of money are enough for the girl.
少量的钱对这个女孩来说就足够了。
?特别提示
quantities of等同于a quantity of,
作主语时，谓语动词的数由quantity的数决定，即a quality of+n，后跟单数谓语，而quantities of+n,后跟复数谓语。
表示大量的短语还有a number of，a good/great many，a great deal of，amounts of, many a,a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。
8.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the
global temperature to go up."
二氧化碳含量的增加意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起了全球温度上升。
◆It means that......这意味着....
例句
It means that you allow others to control your mind and your life.
这意味着，你允许其他人来控制你的思想和生活。
◆trend to 有.....的趋势
例句
The root of the big tree trends to edge away the corner stone.
这棵大树的根可能会把墙角石顶走。
◆go up上升，提高；增长；建起；炸毁；(英)上大学；攀登；开始演出；（美）破产； 例句
Sunny days are going up the temperature.
阳光明媚的日子使气温上升。
●扩展
go up in smoke 被烧光
go belly up 垮台; 失败; 完蛋...
go up in the air 发怒
go up King Street 破产
go up 上升，提高
get up and go 果断行动
climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. .
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳及其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年几个世纪内，气候仍会持续升温。
?even if 即使，虽然
例句
Even if I fail this time, I would try again.
即使我这次失败了，我还要再试试。
We should practice economy even if we are rich.
即使我们富裕了也仍应该厉行节约。
◆keep on doing sth 继续做.......
例句
Keep on doing what you are doing.
继续做你正在做的事情。
10. No one knows the effects of global warming.
没有人知道全球变暖会带来什么样的影响。
◆以否定词开头做部分倒装，否定词一般有never，no,seldom,litter,few,not only...but also,no
sooner than等。
?特别注意
只有当not only...but also连接两个分句时才在第一个分句用倒装，如果仅连接两个并列词语，则不用倒装。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
我和你都喜欢音乐。
◆effect 效应，结果；产生，引起
●词组
achieve effect 取得效果
bring about effect 产生效果
take effect 奏效
词汇与语法
Word List (单词表) message n. 要旨，要点 tricky adj. (工作、问题等)微妙的，棘手的;(人)狡猾的beginning n. 开始;起初 semester n. (尤指美国大专院校的)学期m cover v. 处理 duty n. 任务 management n. 管理 number one adj. 最重要的;头号的 seriously adv. 真心地，当真地;认真地，严肃地 once conj. 一旦……(就……) weekly adj. 每周一次的 follow v. 遵照;沿用 following adj. 紧接着的 realistic adj. 现实可行的 essay n. 作文;短文 quiz n. 考查;测验 upset v. 打乱(计划等);打翻 ability n. 能力;才智
grade n. (考试或作业的)分数 achieve v. 获得 flexible adj. 灵活的 re-plan v. 重新计划 basis n. 基础;根据 project n. 课题;科研项目 mid-term adj. 期中的 solid adj. 扎实的 schedule n. 计划表 alive adj. 起作用的;现存的;活着的assignment n. (指定的)作业 activity n. 活动 social adj. 社交的;交谊的 seem v. 似乎;好像 back adj. 以前的;过去的 Proper Names Elwood N. Chapman 埃尔伍德·N·查普曼(人名) Useful Expressions(常用短语)
专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(19)
Test Nineteen 表语从句中的虚拟语气 如果句中主语的中心名词是suggestion, proposal, order, request, recommendation等，那么后面的表语从句一般要使用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为：(should)+动词原形。 His motion is that we should hold another session to discuss the problem. My proposal was that we cancel the examination and assign the students to write term papers instead. 近义词辨析 beam, shine, glitter, flash, glow 这组词均含有“亮光”的意思。 beam 指由灯塔，日月等发出的“光束，光柱”，又可比喻高兴的表情或微笑。 shine 表示通过磨擦等手段达到的“光亮”。 glitter 指辉煌或灿烂的“光辉”，其光源主要为星、剑、黄金等闪光物体。 flash 表示突然而明亮的“闪光”，光源为电、火药、炮火等。 glow 指由余烬或萤火等发出的闪烁的“光辉”，通常指无焰的燃烧。 如：Look, there’s a beam of light coming through the thick fog.瞧，浓雾里射出了一道光线。 Give your shoes a good shine.把你的鞋擦亮点儿。 We were attracted by the glitter of the Christmas tree decorations.我们被圣诞树上闪闪发光的装
专四词汇与语法练习
Test Three 关于dare的意义和用法 作为情态动词表示“胆敢”，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如： How dare he s dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式，其否定式为daren’t，既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。例如：Tom wa dare还可用主动词，随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如： He does 近义词辨析 bes 这组词均含有“除…外”的意思。 besides “除…外，还有…”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内。 Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗 but不包括所引事物在内，多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody 等连用。 He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人，只能怪他自己。 except不包括所引事物。常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all,everyone, everything 等连用，但不可用于句首。 They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。 except for常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的 事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。 The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外，路面很空旷。 全真模拟试题 1. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______ A. to be robbed B. robbed C. to have been robbed 2. ______before, his first performance for the amateur dramatic group was a A. Though having never acted B. As he had never acted C. Despite he had never acted D. In s 3. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the world’s population ______ in citie A. are living C. have lived D. will 4. Mr. Milton prefers to res shonest bus A. than take B. than to take C. rather than take 5. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ______ going A. it is B. as is C. there is D. 6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _____ a sudden
语法与词汇练习题
专四英语语法与词汇练习题二 1.____in the past,at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown. A.Unpopular has as white been B.White has been as unpopular C.Unpopular has been as white D.Unpopular as white has been 2.____for a long time,the fields are all dried up. A.There has been no rain B.Having no rain C.There having been no rain D.There being no rain 3.The millions of calculations involved,____by hand,would have lost all practical value by the tim e they were finished. A.had they been done B.they had been done C.having been done D.they were done 4.Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____. A.which they are happening B.they are happening C.which they happen D.they have happened 5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet. A.That amazed B.It amazed C.Which amazed D.What amazed 6.Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young,____she was twen ty five. A.her first real success did not come until B.her real first success came until not C.since her first real success did not come until D.not until her first real success 7.You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself. A.to leave B.leaving C.to have left D.left 8.As the train will not leave until one hour later,we ____grab a bite at the snack bar. A.may well B.just as well C.might as well D.as well 9.She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children. A.have stolen B.steal C.stole D.stealing 10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday. A.breaking B.having been broken C.break D.be breaking 11.Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ____in transit. A.misused B.mishandled C.mistaken D.mislaid 12.____money,she is quite rich.However,this does not mean that she is happy. A.Concerning B.As to C.In terms of D.In the light of 13.A well written composition ____good choice of words and clear organization among other thin gs. A.calls for B.calls on C.calls up D.calls off 14.It is ____with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment. A.in her honor B.on her honor C.a point of honor D. an honor 15. This house will probably come on the ____next month. A.fair B.market C.shop D.store 16.George was introduced to ____activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout f or drugdealers.
词汇与语法
四级语法和词汇（1） 1. My father never gave me ______. A. many advice B. many advices C. much advice D. a lot of advices 参考答案：C TIP：advice为不可数名词，不能用many来修饰，也没有复数形式。 2. She took him ______and led him across the road. A. by his hand B. by the hand C. with hand D. with the hand 参考答案：B TIP：take ... by the hand“抓住……的手”。英语的习惯是在动词后先提人，而后在介词后再提具体的身体部位，身体部位前通常用定冠词。 3. I don't think he is to blame, ______? A. do I B. is he C. isn't he D. does he 参考答案：B TIP：本句涉及的是否定的转移问题，I don't think 中的否定词否定的是宾语从句，故附加疑问句就需要用肯定的形式。 4. ______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. However 参考答案：C TIP：as long as“只要”。 5. He couldn't lie convincingly enough to take a child _______.
词汇语法
A . heard B . be heard C . hearing D . hear
提交的答案: In 1938. 正确答案:In 1966. 提交的答案:heard 正确答案:heard 题目详解: A . have evaluated B . evaluating C . be evaluated D . evaluated 提交的答案:evaluating 正确答案:evaluating 题目详解: A . Although B . In spite of C . Despite D . As 提交的答案: In spite of 正确答案:Although 题目详解:
A . would B . might C . must D . should 提交的答案: would 正确答案:should 题目详解: A . It was from Stephen that B . That was from Stephen C . It was Stephen whom D . It was Stephen that 提交的答案: It was Stephen that 正确答案:It was from Stephen that 题目详解: A . least B . lowest C . fewest D . last 提交的答案: last 正确答案:least 题目详解:
A . As B . It C . That D . Which 提交的答案:As 正确答案:As 题目详解: A . what B . where C . that D . how 提交的答案:how 正确答案:how 题目详解: A . In exceptional circumstances only B . In only exceptional circumstances C . Only in exceptional circumstances D . In exceptional only circumstances 提交的答案:Only in exceptional circumstances 正确答案:Only in exceptional circumstances 题目详解:
英语词汇与语法
since 英音：[sins]美音：[s?ns] 副词ad. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时) 1. 此后;从那时到现在 She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since. 她三年前毕业,从那时起便一直当护士。 2. 之前,以前 介词prep. 1. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今 I haven't heard from him since last year. 我自去年以来未曾收到过他的信。 连接词conj. 1. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今 It's been ten years since they married. 他们结婚到现在已经十年了。 She has been living a hard life since her husband died. 她自从丈夫死后,一直过着艰苦的生活。 2. 既然;因为,由于 He must have taken the book since it isn't here. 他一定是把书拿走了,因为书已不在这里了。 Since it is so hot, let's go swimming. 既然天气这么热,我们去游泳吧。 when 副词ad. 1. (用作疑问副词)什么时候,何时 I'd like to know when they'll let him out. 我想知道他们什么时候放他。 When did you last see Margaret? 你上一次见到玛格丽特是什么时候?
中考英语词汇语法总汇
非谓语动词 概述：英语中有三种非谓语动词形式，即动词不定式（to do）、动词-ing和过去分词-ed。 动词不定式 动词不定式是由不定式符号to后接动词原形构成，也有个别情况不带to，只用动词原形。不定式可以行使名词、形容词和副词的功能。 一、不定式充当的句子成分 1．做主语：To dance is a lot of fun. = It is a lot of fun to dance. 跳舞非常有趣。 2．做宾语：You must learn to forgive. 必须学会原谅他人。 3．做表语：To choose time is to save time. 4．做宾补：She asked me to speak more loudly. 5．做状语： (1) 表目的：I went to the park to breathe the fresh air. 我去公园（为了）呼吸新鲜空气。 (2) 表原因：I am sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉给你添麻烦。 6．做后置定语： There is no time to lose. 时间不可拖延。 Give me something hot to drink. 给我一些热的东西喝。 注意： 不及物动词后面的介词：They have a lot of things to talk about. He is looking for a room to live in. 二、不定式的几个主要句型 1．Ask / tell sb. (not) to do sth. I asked him to open the window. (= I said to him, “Open the window.”) 不定式的否定式：not+不定式: My father told me not to be late. (= My father said to me, “Don’t be late.”) 2．疑问词+不定式 不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中担当主语、宾语、表语等。 What to do is a big problem. I know how to solve the problem. Can you tell me which way to go? 3．省去to的不定式 (1) 感官动词之后作宾语补足语。表示动作的全部过程 Every bird loves to hear himself sing. 每只鸟都喜欢听自己鸣唱。 (2) 使役动词之后作宾语补足语：相关的使役动词为let, make和have The boss made them work the whole night. 老板迫使他们工作了一整夜。 注意：被动语态中，to不能省略。 They were made to work the whole night.
大学英语B——词汇与语法
大学英语B——词汇与语法 1、Idon’tknow_______todealwithsuchmatter. A.what B.how C.which D./ 答案：B 答案：C 5、-Writetomewhenyougethome. -OK,I_______. A.must B.should C.will D.can 答案：C
6、He_______drivingmehome,eventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby. A.insistedon B.insistedat C.insistedthat D.insistedin 答案：A 7、Iwon’tmakethe_______mistakenexttime. A.like B.same B.yet C.still D.ever 答案：C 11、-Doyouwanttowait? -Fivedays________toolongformetowait. A.was B.were
C.is D.are 答案：C 12、IfellandhurtmyselfwhileI________basketballyesterday. A.wasplaying B.amplaying C.play D.played 答案：A 答案：A 16、Measles(麻疹)________alongtimetogetover. A.spend B.spends C.take D.takes 答案：D 17、____youknow,Davidhasbeenwelllately.
B.As C.What D.When 答案：B 18、Australiaisoneofthefewcountries____peopledriveontheleftoftheroad. A.which B.that C.where C.intelligentaswell D.asintelligentas 答案：D 22、Heaskedthewaiter________thebill. A.on B.of C.for D.after
初中英语语法和词汇教学心得体会
初中英语词汇和语法教学心得体会 在初中英语教学中，词汇和语法的学习是一个重要的组成部分。因此在教学中应该加强语法、词汇教学，否则，学生的语言能力将难以提高。 初中词汇和语法教学中，首先学生在读音方面感觉困难很大，难以读准单词，有相当一部分学生往往还用汉语为英语单词注音。其次，在拼写方面，学生没有意识到字母在单词中的读音与单词的拼写有着一定的规律。在记忆单词的时候，没有通过读音和字母的关系来记忆单词，常常是死记硬背单词字母的组合。第三，在记忆单词的意义的时候，过分注意该单词所对应的汉语意义的记忆，学生完全靠死记硬背掌握单词。在初中一年级时，由于内容较少，词汇和语法简单，学生尚能应付，但随着年级的增高，英语内容的深化，词汇量的增加，学生越来越感觉到词汇的记忆和语法的学习已成为学习英语的最大障碍。于是，逐渐对英语产生厌学情绪，有的甚至于放弃这门学科。 如何解决教学中存在的这些问题呢？ 在词汇教学方面，首先，词汇教学也一定要贯彻“听说领先”的原则，在初中年级，特别是一年级，要贯彻“听说领先”的教学原则。因此，词汇教学也一定要首先是“听”。即教师在教单词时，先让学生听，让学生去“辨音”，教师所展示的不是课本里的文字，而是每个词是由几个音素、几个音节构成，重音在什么地方，这样才能
从听的意义上掌握词汇。同时，又能为学生学好语音、语调打好基础，真正地培养学生的听能，为以后更好地接收英语的输入做准备。 其次，在听的基础上加强读音规则的教学，以培养学生的拼读能力这是因为，英语属于拼音文字，虽然字母的名称音和字母在单词中的读音不同，但是，字母在单词中的读音还是有一定的规律可循。我们在词汇教学中，先让学生通过听英语单词分辨出单词的读音之后，再进行读音规则的教学，使学生能够根据字母在单词中的读音规律把单词拼写出来。 培养学生的拼读能力应该从最简单的拼读抓起，采取循序渐进的原则，通过归类和比较，使学生掌握单词中字母及组合的读音规律，能够听词能写，见词会读。 第三，教师在平时上课时，就有意先读一些词汇，或读课文，让学生先不要去看书，跟老师读这些词，然后再让学生拼写，和学生讨论如何去拼写，看这些词是由哪些字母组成的。特别是一些规律性的东西，需要反复进行训练。对于一些没有规律的单词构成，进行比较，以促进记忆。老师还可以先写出单词或句子，让学生根据已有的拼读知识试着去读出这些单词或句子。 第四，拼读训练是一个长期的过程，教师首先要了解学生的拼读能力，从最基础开始，循序渐进，掌握有规律的单词读音，比较无规律的单词读音，从而达到记忆词汇，培养读写能力的目的。 而语法教学只是一种手段，其最终目的不是让学生简单地记住语言规则，而是让其将语言的形式、意义和功能有机地结合起来，使其
a级词汇语法
名词具体指导（综合练习册word building） 名词在句中多用来作主语、宾语、表语和定语。在英语应用能力考试中，要求考生根据题意把括号里所给的词变成名词，所填词多出现在句尾或句首： 1 ．所填词的特征 ①前有物主代词如my , his，their, our, your, its等； ②前有冠词如a, an, the； ③前有形容词如large，clever，foolish等； ④前有冠词＋形容词如that ancient，the clever等； ⑤前有不定代词many, much, a few ，a little，several等。 2 ．所填词多为抽象名词或表示人的名词。如decision，illness，protection 等。 常见名词后缀： 1 ．表示人的名词后缀（Unit4 Practical Writing） ①–al crime criminal ②–an Canada Canadian Europe European history historian ③–ant account accountant ④–ar/er/or beg beggar lie liar operate operator act actor village villager educate educator law lawyer ⑤–ee employ employee ⑥–ist art artist chemistry chemist science scientist tour tourist
2．抽象名词后缀 ①–ance/ence exist existence dependent dependence confident confidence different difference important importance distant distance intelligent intelligence appear appearance ②–th deep depth true truth warm warmth wide width dead death long length strong strength grow growth ③–ment move movement develop development arrange arrangement equip equipment judge judgment ④–tion/ation/ion pollute pollution discuss discussion organize organization educate education inform information invent invention invite invitation protect protection predict prediction decide decision
英语语法常用词汇
English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech 词类 noun 名词pronoun 代词numeral 数词adjective 形容词verb 动词adverb副词article 冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle 小品词 2. Word building 构词法 conversion 转化derivation 派生affixation词缀法prefix前缀suffix后缀compound words 合成词 3．Classification of nouns 名词的分类 common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词 individual nouns个体名词collective nouns 集合名词 material nouns 物质名词abstract nouns 抽象名词 countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词 the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式 the common case 普通格the possessive case 所有格 the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格 person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数 4. Classification of pronouns 代词的分类 personal pronouns 人称代词possessive pronouns 物主代词 self pronouns 反身代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词 interrogative pronouns 疑问代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词 relative pronouns 关系代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词 indefinite pronouns 不定代词 5．数词、形容词、冠词 cardinal numerals 基数词ordinal numerals 序数词 fractional numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级 the superlative degree 最高级The definite article 定冠词 the indefinite article 不定冠词 6．Classification of verbs 动词的分类 national verbs 实义动词link-verbs系动词 auxiliary verbs助动词modal verbs 情态动词 transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词 regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs 不规则动词 the present forms 现在式the past forms 过去式 the participle 分词the present participle现在分词 the past participle 过去分词the infinitive 不定式 the gerund 动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式
语法与词汇--代词rd 文档
冲击波英语专四系列：语法与词汇--代词 1. For _______ interested in nature, the club offers bikes and overnight camping each week during the summer. A. them B. those C. these D. themselves 2. _______ expressed his determination. A. Everyone of them B. Every one of them C. Nobody of them D. Any body of you 3.She is _______ of a reporter. A. anybody B. anyone C. someone D. something 4.Two pupils came to see me and I gave an apple to _______ when they sat down. A. every one of them B. every one C. each D. every 5.When science, business and art learn something of _______ methods and goals, the world will have come closer to cultural harmony. A. one and the others B. each and the others C. one anothers D. the one s and the others 6. Neighbours ought to respect _______. A. each one B. to each other C. by themselves D. one another 7.I entered the house and _______. A. shook hands with everybody B. shook hands with each C. shook hand with each one D. shook the hand with everyone 8.He took off his gloves. _______ had holes in the ?ngers. A. Either one B. Any one C. Every one D. Each one 9. _______ of the two winners in the game was awarded a pen. A. Every one B. Each one C. Everyone D. Anyone 10. Those who break the law should be prepared to accept the consequence of ________ action. A. his B. her C. their D. its 11. “If you want a necklace, I ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _______ that I need most. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 12. It s not _______ I enj oy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
词汇与语法概述
词汇与语法分析 1．词汇和语法结构的考查重点 首先我们来看一看四级考试中，语法和结构部分究竟考了些什么，重点和容易出错的问题在哪里? ①语义问题，包括多义词、同义词、近义词、反义词等。英语中不少单词是多义词，而有的学生只知道它们最常见的一个或者两个意思，却不知道其它含义和在特定上下文中的引伸意义，这些都是在考试中容易考到的部分，也是容易出错的部分。英语和汉语属于两个完全不同的语系，词语的含义不能完全对等，受汉语语意的干扰也是容易出错的原因之一。 ②搭配问题，包括名词与形容词的搭配，动词与名词的搭配，动词、名词或形容词与介词的搭配，动词与副词的搭配等。这些搭配纷繁复杂，千变万化，是产生词汇和语法错误的主要原因。 ③语法结构问题，主要是时态、语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、从句(包括连接词和关系代词或关系副词)等方面的问题。特别是，在特定的语境中应该选用何种时态或何种句子结构，往往是容易出错的关键。 其次再看一看该部分在整个考试中的地位和时间分配。 该部分共30题，一般40％考察短语和词汇，60％考察语法，每一题0．5分，共15分，时间是20分钟。从整体上看，占分比例不大，不象阅读理解那样占分多，而且每一题分值高(每题，2分)，但显然这15分我们也不能轻易放弃。现在的关键问题是：绝大部分学生在这一部分不是花的时间少了，而是多了。我们知道这一部分的考察主要靠的是知识和语感，不是说多琢磨一会儿就能答对，有时甚至恰恰相反。所以每一题d0秒的时间显然可以压缩，根据经验大约可以到30秒一题(当然这里不是要你去计算每一题做题时间)，这样节省下来的时间可以用到分值更高的阅读理解中去。 2．语法结构与词汇应试策略 大纲要求 最新《大学英语教学大纲》对四级语法的要求是：“巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。”《大纲》对四级词汇的要求是：“领会式掌握4200单词(其中复用式掌握的单词为2500)，以及由这些词构成的常用词组1600条(中学所掌握的词和词组均包括在内)，并且有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。” 四级语法结构与词汇考查内容 四级考试对语法词汇的考查与《大纲》要求是十分一致的。综观近年来的四级考试题，我们不难发现四级考试语法词汇部分是这样体现《大纲》的。 1．语法考题的涉及面宽 近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类，三种动词的非谓语形式，名词从句，形容词从句，副词从句，独立主格，一致，倒装，强调等基本语法知识。 2．语法考试的重点突出 语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。 3．具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况· 1)虚拟语气的考点为：would rather +that从句+一般过去时：It is vital／necessary／important／urgent／imperative n.命令, 诫命, 需要, 规则, 祈使语气adj.命令的, 强制的, 紧急的, 必要的, 势在必行的, [语法]祈使的／desirable／advisable／natural／essential +that+动词原形；It is time／about time／high time+ that+一般过去时：proposal／suggestion +that+动词原形；lest +that +should+动词原形水only + that +would+动词原形。 2)状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so
完整word版,高中英语词汇与语法练习100题
高中英语词汇与语法练习100题 1、____ your help we ____ not have finished in time . A. But for,should B. Except for,can C. But,might D. Without,shall 2、I’ll start to think about it ____ I have to write my report. A. before B.as C. while D. when 3、It ______ long before we ______ the result of the experiment. A. will not be, will know B. is, will know C. will not be, know D. is, know 4、Nothing ________ disaster _____ come from such a plan. A. otherwise,could B. or,might C. but , would D.without, should 5、She _____ things around. A. always moving B.was always moving C. has always been moved D. did move always 6、It did nothing but ____ us ridiculous . A．to make B.make C.made D. had made 7、The ship ____ ready for a month . A. isn’t B. has not been C. will not be D. had not been 8、They want all groups ___ an equal basis. A to be treated on B to treat C to be treated D to treat on 9、He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate 10、--- But how long can you stay in the house? --- I don't know. It _______ A. depended B. depends c. is depended D. will be depended 11、People ______ less tolerant of smoking these days. A.are becoming B.has become C. will have become D. will become 12、We ___ next winter in Australia A. are spending B. have spent C. spend D. will have spent 13、He ____ tomorrow morning on the 13:27 train. A. will have arrived B. arrive C. has arrived D. is arriving 14、The origin of the universe ______ probably never ______. A.is, explain B. will, be explained C.is, explained D. will, explain 15.You were lucky to escape ______ . A. having been punished B. to be punished C. to have been punished D. being punished 16. Anne never dreams of ____ for her to be sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chance 17. Her hair curls _____ . A. naturally B. natural C. nature D. native 18\Your hair wants ___ . A. to cut B. being cut C.cutting D. to be cutting 19. It’s no good _____ to come now. He is busy. A. if you ask him B. to ask him C. asking him D. that you ask him 20. --- How did you get to the airport? --- I got Charlie ______ me there. A. drove B. drive C. driving D. to drive