2017考研英语:作文命题规律解读

2017考研英语:作文命题规律解读
2017考研英语:作文命题规律解读

2017考研英语:作文命题规律解读俗话说“知己知彼百战百胜”,考研复习,我们不仅要自己努力,更要清楚命题规律,这样复习才有效。下面小编整理了考研英语作文的命题规律,大家赶紧学习吧!

虽然英语作文常在考研冲刺阶段进行复习,但是,建议同学们在复习强化阶段就可以掌握命题方向,从而在生活中留意,复习也更加有重点。

一、考题集中于较大的一般性话题

历年考试主要涉及一些一般性话题(general topics)。如爱心(2001)、成长(2003)、代沟(1992)、友谊(1994)、家庭(2005)、承诺(1998)、崇拜(2006)、健康(1996)、资源利用(2000)、文化交流(2002)、乐观心态是成功的关键(2007)、合作的重要性(2008)、网络的“近”与“远”、文化融合(2010)、旅途之“余”(2011)、乐观面对生活(2012)、作出选择(2013)等话题。

命题中的图片和图表往往是单个或局部情况,但如果仅围绕个别现象,分析就没有了深度,往往要追溯到总体情况。如2006年考题图画中英国球星Beckham的发型,也要升华到对普遍的偶像崇拜(idol worship)现象的评价,而非仅仅针对Beckham个人。命题从来不在个别事件、具体环节或细枝末节上做文章,决不会细到介绍北京经济适用房建设情况或点评《满城尽带黄金价》。

二、内容贴近日常生活和简单社会常识

考题要顾及到全国考生的知识水平,不同专业考生的知识共性,不可能考察太专业或太偏的话题。所以内容以个人生活体验为主,如爱心、成长、友谊、养老、健康等等;稍微复杂一点的话题如环保、保护野生动物、文化交流也只需要考生大致地通过常识进行判断、分析和点评,点到为止就可以,关键要在语言的精确度和精彩度上下工夫。

大作文写作时间只有30~40分钟,不可能像论文一样挖掘详细的数据、考证具体年代地点或提出标新立异的思想。2000年“世界商业捕鱼简史”命题有点难度,但考生无须关注商业捕鱼的历史变迁和具体现状,不用借助数据或案例,只对两张图片中鱼群的多少进行大致对比,并指出人类过度开发资源的问题就到位了。160~200字的字数限制也只能让考生分析到一般深度。

三、考生的观点态度要走经过设计的“主流”路线

图画作文和图表作文的主旨好像是个谜语,命题人已经把自己的观点倾向浓缩到了图片中,通过图画图表来使主旨模糊化,需要考生在5分钟内审题,进行常识判断并加以破解。主旨往往具有positive的倾向,考生需要在图画寓意中发现哲理或是思考问题的积极解决方案。绝不可能向国外考试那样,学生可以通过脑筋急转弯给出另类的观点。在构思的时候往往要走“主流”路线,才能提供符合命题人思路的正确观点,从而顺利得分。

考生准备了一年英语,不可能凭借奇思异想过度冒险。例如:2001年“爱心是一盏灯”话题,考生通过构思要得出助人为乐的判断,如果考生

论证出要对自己有爱心,为了个人利益而不顾他人,必然按跑题处理。2004年"终点又是新的起点",考生必须破解出坚持不懈、发展与进步的主旨。如果考生持个人观点,认为终点不一定是新的起点,并加以论证,这样的写作注定要失败,因为违背了命题人的初衷。

2005年考题主旨是养老,如果考生认为父母都要象美国老年人那样独立生活,不依赖子女,这种崭新的观念是不会被考官接受的。2006年偶像崇拜主题,考生要以成熟的主流心态,写出“择其优而学之,避免盲目崇拜”的观点,如果考生坚持认为花300元理个小贝头很值,展现个性,结果就会由于“不懂事,不明事理”而被阅卷老师以跑题处理。

四、命题不会涉及时事政治或敏感话题

正是因为日常生活话题容易判断是非,所以考官尽量通过主旨浓缩来让考生进行猜谜。而时事政治话题错综复杂,是非曲直一时难以断定,观点倾向缺乏普遍共识,不方便作为考题,否则争议不断,难为了命题人和阅卷者。敏感的话题还怕冒政治倾向错误的风险,更不会让考生去乱发议论。曾经考生在网站上猜测考题,居然猜向了伊朗朝鲜核试验、联合国秘书长改选、泰国政变、天下围攻陈水扁、处决萨达姆、恐怖事件等。

说实话,这些政治时事离考研命题太遥远了,国际时事并非考试关注焦点,而国内民生动态到是还有参考价值,部分民生环保问题如何解决是读报浏览的关键。某些话题虽不是政治话题,但不利于安定团结,也不一定成为考题,如****猖獗、失业人数增长、自杀现象增多、离婚率提高等等。

有些话题涉及到隐私,也属于讨论的禁区,如同性恋问题,或许若干年以后,中国大众足够宽容了,这些网络话题也就可以在考试中探讨了。

五、命题中的“和谐社会”倾向

在以上分析的基础上,我们重新审视历年考题的命题,发现以中老年教授组成的命题团队普遍趋向常规主流观点。那么考题围绕着时代背景和主流思想,已经逐渐形成了以“和谐社会"”核心的命题思路。只不过总体以和谐作为公式的话题可以分成和谐的三个不同层次:

?个体和谐发展

1992年话题:代沟——代沟现象以及如何让父母子女实现沟通

1994年话题:友谊——友谊的重要性,我们的择友原则

1996年话题:健康——健康的重要性以及健身方法

1998年话题:承诺——空洞的承诺有害社会,如何脚踏实地为人处世

2001年话题:爱心——爱心是一盏灯,在别人最需要帮助的时候展现爱心

2002年话题:文化交流——通过人类之间和谐的经济文化交流实现民族文化走向世界

2003年话题:成长——温室中的花朵经不起风雨,父母如何培养子女的独立能力

2004年话题:发展——个人(团体)在坚持不懈中实现发展与进步,终点又是新的起点

?个人、他人与社会的和谐共处

2005年话题:养老——养老足球赛,子女要继承赡养老人的优秀传统美德

2006年话题:崇拜——偶像崇拜现象,要客观正确地看待偶像

2010年话题:文化与交流,文化融合

2012年话题:乐观面对生活

?人类与自然环境的和谐

1991年话题:城市与乡村的选择——城市发达而污染堵车严重;乡村清净而信息闭塞等

1999年话题:人口增长导致野生动物死亡——人类要积极保护野生动物

2000年话题:商业捕鱼使得海洋资源开发殆尽——合理开发,实现可持续发展

注意:以上考过的真题不能放弃,还需要再复习,爱心和助人为乐的话题曾在1995和2001年出现过两次,随着时间推移,某些大型普遍话题,如环保、健康、父母子女沟通今后难免重复。

个体和谐发展:自信的重要性、节俭与浪费、如何看待成功、梦想与现实、抄袭(plagiarism)与诚信、职业选择和规划;个人、他人与社会的和谐共处:个性与团队合作、如何看待竞争、网络的利弊、伪劣商品问题(fake commodities-商家为牟利而危害社会)、乱收费问题、如何看待中国传统节日和洋节;人类与自然环境的和谐:环境污染话题(空气、水、噪音、土壤、人类食品)、乱砍滥伐问题、人类对历史古迹的破坏及保护。

另外,不论何种命题,都要从简洁的图画中寻找线索并推理解决。针对很少练习图画作文构思的考生,建议近期可上网寻找一些幽默讽刺图画,练习快速推理,查找问题所在,同时进行相关词联想,熟能生巧。稍加练习,便会发现一些惯性推理技巧,考试时就会大大减轻紧张感,从容不迫地进行构思和创作。

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第二段 Why does this phenomenon revealed in the chart above?(疑问句加分点)There are numerous reasons accounting for it and I would like to explore a few of the most extraordinary ones here。Above all,I am strongly convinced that since technology and science progressing quickly in the past three decades(短句拉长加分点),some people give plenty of priority to material possessions and personal interests,therefore,a growing/increasing number of people prefer to do{原因一}。In addition,this is partly due to the fact that{原因二}。 第三段 In line with my personal thinking,there is one major equation are two major equations ought to be taken into account seriously(并列结构加分点)。On one hand,the general people ought to do{建议} reasonably。What is more,the relevant department ought to increase the benefit for people。Only if this measure these measures are/is adopted effectively can we live a better life。

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