全新版大学英语第一册Unit4教案.

Before Reading

Background Information

American Dream

American Dream is the belief that everyone in the United States has the chance to achieve success and prosperity. For ordinary people, it means a happy family, an ideal job, and a nice house. For minorities and immigrants, it also includes freedom and equal rights.

Immigrant

The first immigrants to America came almost from western Europe. During the first decades of the 17th century, settlers from England colonized Virginia and New England. Immigration to New England began in 1620 when English Puritans

established Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts. The values of these Puritan settlers strongly influenced the culture of the American colonies and later of the United States.

The Great Depression

The Great Depression is considered the most severe economic crisis in the industrialized world. It began when American stock market fell on Friday, Oct. 24, 1929, and continued the following Tuesday, known as Black Tuesday, with a greater fall. The Depression struck many other countries as well, particularly Germany, Japan, and Britain. In the early 1930s millions of people lost their jobs, and millions of businesses and banks failed. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal policies improved the situation, but the Great Depression did not come to an end until World War II when industrial production for the war increased.

Mortgage

Mortgage is an agreement to have money lent, especially to buy a house or land, with the house or land belonging to the lender until the money is repaid. It enables a person to buy a house without having enough money to pay for it completely. If the borrower fails to repay the loan, the lender may force the sale of the house to recover the amount of the loan.

How to Get a Mortgage

A borrower can get a mortgage from a bank, credit union, or other lender. Most lenders require the borrower to have a certain amount of money to use as a down payment. For example, if an individual wants to buy a home priced at $50,000 and the lender requires a down payment of $2,000, the individual will apply for a loan of $48,000 to pay for the difference. Payments for the loan are usually made monthly. The life of the mortgage can be 15, 20, 30, or even 40 years.

Warm-up Questions

1. What is the American Dream in your opinion?

2. In what ways can a person be considered as being successful?

3. What is the key to success?

4. Tell a story of a successful person. Global Reading

Part Division of the Text

Further Understanding

Table Completion

How Tony Fulfilled His American Dream

Match the following three columns.

1 — C — II

2 — A — III

3 — B — I

Scanning

Scan the text to find out descriptions of Tony’s physical appearance.

Para. 1 He was about five-foot-seven or eight, and thin.

Para. 22 He seemed to stand a little straighter. He was heavier. He had a look of confidence.

Para. 27 … neatly dressed

Questions and Answers

1. What is the key to Tony’s success?

Tony worked very hard to create his American Dream. Besides, he was determined,

self-controlled, optimistic, self-respected, honest and responsible. All these helped him become successful.

2. Compare Tony with the greatest industrialists.

Both Tony and the greatest industrialists are successful in pursuing their American Dreams. They reached their success by working hard, and by the same values and principles. The only difference was that they had different financial achievements.

Detailed Reading

Sentences

Sentence 1 ----“I mow your lawn,” he said.

How many times is the sentence —“I mow your lawn.” — repeated in the text? Why is it repeated?

The sentence is repeated four times. That’s because it shows Tony’s determination in finding a job, and his optimistic view that people would help a man who needed a job. Sentence 2---- Well, what do you do with such determination and hope? Paraphrase---- It is hard to refuse a person who is determined and hopeful to get a job. Sentence 3---- My wife and I were delighted with what we felt was a satisfying end of the story.

1. Paraphrase the sentence.

My wife and I were happy with what Tony had achieved, and thought that the whole thing had thus been settled.

2. Was Tony satisfied with this end?

Tony was not satisfied. He kept on working hard until he fulfilled his better dreams. Sentence 4---- From then on, it was interesting to see that any discarded odds and ends around our place — a broken screen, a bit of hardware, boards from packing —Tony would gather and take home.

1. Why did Tony take home the discarded odds and ends?

Tony bought a house, which was a complete wreck. To fix and decorate it, and, above all, to save money, he took home the discarded odds and ends.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

从那以后,只要我家附近有什么被人扔弃的零星杂物,坏了的屏风啦,五金器具啦,包装纸板啦,托尼都要收起来拿回家,看他这个样子真是有意思。Sentence 5-----He had hunted around the edge of town until he found a small, abandoned piece of property with a house and shed.

1. What does “property” refer to?

“Property” refers to the farm he wanted to buy.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

他在小镇周边到处找,终于找到一处没人要的一小块地产,有一幢房,还有间小棚。

Sentence 6---- He grew in stature in my mind.

1. Paraphrase the sentence.

He grew taller and greater in my mind. His social status greatly improved in my mind.

2. Describe the change of Tony’s social status in Mr. Crawford’s mind.

When Mr. Crawford first met Tony, Tony was “about five-foot-seven or eight, and thin”, and his English was broken. He remained standing when he talked to Mr. Crawford. He did not have high social status. After he bought his farm several years later, he “seemed to stand a little straighter”, and he “had a look of confidence”. He and Mr. Crawford “sat down and talked”. His social status improved enough to allow him to sit down with Mr. Crawford. After he passed away, Mr. Crawford thought “he stood as tall, and as proud, as the greatest American industr ialists.”

Sentence 7----Tony did not begin on the bottom rung of the ladder. He began in the basement.

1.What does “ladder” refer to? And what does “basement” refer to?

“Ladder” refers to the way to success. “Basement” refers to Tony’s starting point. He was worse than ordinary people. He had nothing to help him seek his American Dream.

2. What can you infer from the sentence?

Tony had nothing when he arrived in the United States, and he built up from nothing. S entence 8---- But, after all, the balance sheets were exactly the same. The only

difference was where you put the decimal point.

1. What do balance sheets refer to? And what does decimal point refer to?

Balance sheets are used to show whether a person or a company is financially successful. Here t hey are used to judge a person’s life achievements. If the decimal point is moved, a number will become either smaller or bigger. Here it shows the difference in the amount of money Tony and the greatest industrialists had made.

2. What can you infer from the sentences?

What Tony and the greatest industrialists achieved was exactly the same. The only difference was that they had different financial success.

Words & Expressions

1. turn away: refuse to help (sb.) or allow (sb.) to enter a place

He turned a way several people who didn’t have the tickets.

He turned all the applicants away. 他拒绝了所有的应征者。

Collocation:

拒绝;调低turn down turn out 生产,制造;证明,结果交还,上交turn in turn over仔细考虑

使变成turn into turn up出现,来到;开大,调大关;拐弯turn off

2. work out: plan; solve; calculate

They’ve worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to the space.

他们已经设计出把宇宙飞船送上太空的方法。

The accountant has worked out your share of the expense at 1,000 yuan.

会计已算出你的那份花费为1,000元。

Collocation:

work at 从事于,致力于work up 引起,激起,逐渐上升

3. weekly:

1). adj. happening once a week or every week

He thinks his weekly wage of 400 yuan is enough.

2)adv. once a week; every week; by the week

21st Century is published weekly. 《21世纪报》每周出版一次。

3. n. a publication issued once a week

Business Weekly 《商业周刊》

Publishers’Weekly (美)《出版商周刊》

a twice weekly 半周刊

4.do with:

1) (used in questions with “what”) deal with

Tell me what you did with yourself this week.

The child didn’t know what to d o with himself for excitement.

2) tolerate

I can’t do with him and his impoliteness. 我不能忍受他和他的无礼。

3) (often with “could”, “can”) desire

I could do with a cup of tea.

Collocation:

没有…也行,将就do without 废除,去掉do away with

代替,适合…do for 对…有益do good (to)

重复do over

5. determination: n. the ability to continue trying to achieve what you have decided to do even when this is difficult

He has great determination to learn English well.

6. personnel: n.

1)the department in a large organization that deals with employees; human resources (uncountable noun, used with a singular or plural verb).

人事管理personnel administration

人事部/处/科personnel department

人事部长/处长/科长personnel director

2) all the persons working in an organization, in the army, etc. (often used with a plural verb)

The personnel of the company has been increased.

All personnel were allowed to take part in the party. 全体员工都允许参加晚会。NB: 此外注意与personal 的区别。personal: 个人的,私人的,亲自的,秘密的a personal appearance亲自出面

I have something personal to tell you. 我有私人的事要告诉你。

7.capacity: n.

1) the ability to understand or do sth.

His capacity for remembering things is interesting.

2) the ability to hold or contain sth.

the maximum amount that can be contained

The trunk is filled to capacity.

CF: capacity, ability, capability & proficiency

这些词都可以表示“能力”的意思。

capacity 用于物时,指容纳接受的能力,如容积、容量、生产能力;用于人时,指潜在的能力,多用于才智、道德,尤指接受能力、领悟性、敏感性等。ability 既指天赋的能力,也指培养造就而获得的本领;主要用于人,指已经表现出来的实际能力,尤指人的思维能力。

capability 较多用于人,指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。

proficiency 正式用语,带有技术性,指对业务的精通和熟练。

8. skilled: adj.

1) having skill; trained; experienced a skilled worker 技术熟练的工人

2)needing skill skilled work 技术性工作

CF: skilled & skillful

skilled, skillful 表示“有技术的,熟练的”时可以互换。

skilled 通常是指受过正规训练,有多年实践经验而掌握某项专门技术。

skillful 是指人聪明,做事很灵巧,尤指手的灵巧。

He is a skilled / skillful surgeon.

Rose’s father is a skilled mechanic so she has become skillful at repairing bicycles too.

罗斯的父亲是个熟练的机械师,因而她也很会修理自行车。

9. for sale: available to be bought 待售,供出售

The company will put the houses for sale.

Not for Sale. 非卖品。

Collocation:

上市,出售;减价,贱卖on sale

赊购 a sale on credit

包退包换的,无法销售可以退货的on sale or return

10.call on:

1) visit sb. for a short time

I’ll call on him tomorrow.

2) summon; appeal

They called on the workers of the city to support the strike. 他们号召全市工人支持这次罢工。

3) invite; require

The host of the party called on the Chairman to speak.

Collocation:

邀约;要求;需要call for 取消call off

打电话;召集;使人想起call up 顺路到某处;收回call in

11. loan:

1). vt. lend

The bank loaned me some money.

The artist loaned her pictures to the museum.

2). n.

①sth. lent, esp. a sum of money

The dictionary is a loan, not a gift.

Does the loan carry any interest?

②lending

May I have the loan of your typewriter? 我可以借你的打字机用一下吗?

Collocation:

请求借用…ask for the loan of

借…have the loan of …

出借的on loan

内(外)债 a domestic (foreign) loan

公债, 国库券 a public / government loan

消费贷款 a loan for consumption

担保贷款 a loan on security

无息贷款a gift (interest-free) loan

长期贷款a long-term loan

抵押贷款, 抵押借款 a mortgage loan

12.character: n. the particular collection of qualities that make sb. / sth. different from others

He has a strong but gentle character.

The new buildings have changed the character of the village.

Character building should be the main point of education.

品质的培养应是教育的重点。

2) person in a play, movie, etc.

I find all the characters in his new play very real.

3) letter, sign or mark used in a system of writing or printing

a Chinese character一个汉字

The characters in Chinese writing look like small pictures.

汉字看起来像是一幅幅小图画。

CF: character, characteristic, feature & personality

这些词都是名词,都有“性格”、“品质”、“特征”的意思。

character 指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式,而且往往与品格有关。characteristic 指某物的任何方面,不涉及全局的重要性,但常指有代表性的一个侧面,常用于科技领域。

feature 通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加的、有吸引力的东西。

personality 偏重指一个人表现出来的无法明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点,不与形容词连用时表示情感上的吸引力。

Fill in the blanks with the words given above and translate the sentences into Chinese.

1). An aquiline nose was her best feature 鹰钩鼻是她最明显的特征。

2). He can read a guy’s character at the first glance. 他一眼就可以看出一个人的品质。

3). He has character but no personality. 他有性格但没有个性。

4). A psychological report lists every possible characteristic of the person being studied.

一份心理学报告列举了研究对象所有可能有的特性。

13.confidence: n. the quality of being certain of one’s abilities or of trusting other people

I took them into my confidence.

I am telling you this in strict confidence. 我告诉你这件事是因为绝对相信你会保守秘密的。

I have every confidence in your ability to succeed.

14.send for: ask for the arrival of

Do you want to send for the police?

I was seriously ill and my father had to send for a doctor.

15.hunt: v.

1) search thoroughly (for)

The police are hunting for the escaped criminal in the mountain.

警察在山中搜索逃犯。

They were hunting the area for a new apartment.

2) go after (wild animals) for food or sport

We often go out hunting in the holiday.

16.abandon: v. give up completely and forever

The cruel father abandoned his newborn daughter.

One of my classmates had to abandon the trip because of his father’s illness.

17.property: n.

1) land, buildings or both together

Little property was left in the small country after the war.

2) The thing or things that sb. owns

The factory is my uncle’s private property.

public property公共财产personal property动产real property不动产

18.sponsor:

1. v. support by giving money, encouragement or other help

The exhibition was sponsored by the Society of Culture.

Some large companies sponsored this fashion show.

一些大公司赞助了这次的时装表演。

2) n. one who puts forward or guarantees a proposal

a sponsor country 主办国

19. approach:

1). v. come near or nearer to

The boys had approached the tunnel when they played the game.

The young teacher is easy to approach and all the students like to answer her questions.

The performance approaches perfection. 性能近乎完美。

2). n. way

Everyone has his own approach to study. 每个人的学习方法都不一样。

20. pass away: die

He passed away peacefully.

Collocation:

pass by 不注意,忽视pass down 使传下来pass over 对…不加考虑pass out 失去知觉,昏倒pass off 终止,停止

21.handle:

1). v.

①manage; control

How to handle the contradiction correctly among the people is important to steady

development.

正确处理人们内部的矛盾对稳定发展很重要。

②touch, lift, or hold with the hands

Wash your hands before you handle the white paper.

2). n. a part that is designed to be held or operated with the hand

The handle is not well fixed.

22.above all: most important of all

He was concerned above all with the truth of the accident.

Collocation:

毕竟, 终究, 归根结底after all 完全, 全然at all 首先first of all 总计;总的说来in all 几乎, 差一点;除…外全部all but

总之all in all

23. balance: n

1)..the difference between the credit and the debit side; a remainder

a bank balance 银行余额

The balance of the wages was devoted to new books on flower culture.

剩下来的工资全用来购买花卉栽培的新书上了。

You may keep the balance.

2) a weighing device

The balance is an apparatus for weighing, not for you to play.

3) a state of equilibrium

The child could keep his balance with his legs on his new bicycle.

孩子骑在他的新自行车上用双腿保持平衡。

v.

1) keep or put sth. in a steady position

I’m trying to balance on the ball on one foot in order to win the prize.

2) show equal totals of debits and credits

My accounts balance for the first time this year!

After Reading

Summary

Useful Expressions

1. 结结巴巴的英语broken English

2. 大萧条时期the Depression days

3. 上门求助come to sb. for help

4. 重整业务rebuild one’s business

5. 夏去秋来Summer passes into fall.

6. 人事部门personnel department

7. 培训工人train laborers

8. an apprentice school徒工学校

9. precision work精密加工工作

10. take a cut in pay减薪水

11. loan money on character人品贷款

12. no sale没门

13. man of character人品端正

14.down payment首付

15. 从那以后from then on

16. 零星杂物odds and ends

17. 样子自信have a look of confidence

18. 穿戴整齐be neatly dressed

19. 儿时的伙伴childhood friends

20. 最后in the end

Sentence Translation

1. He had learned to read the millionths of an inch on the micrometer and to shape the grinding wheel with an instrument set with a diamond.

他学会了在千分尺上辨识一百万分之一英寸,会用镶嵌着金刚石的工具制作砂轮。

2. But, after all, the balance sheets were exactly the same. The only difference was where you put the decimal point.

但究其实,两者的资产负债表完全一样。唯一的不同是你把小数点点在什么地方。

3. He moved to a low-rent district in Oakland, getting by on a combination of scholarships, loans, a small grant and, as always, work.

他搬到奥克兰一个房租低廉的地区,靠奖学金、贷款、少量的补助金以及一如既往地打工勉强度日。

4. 对于他们,美国梦的含义就是才能与勤劳能让你从小木屋

走向白宫。

For them, the dream is that talent and hard work can take you from log cabin to White House.

5. 我设法凑了一小笔微薄的周薪,就这样托尼每天清扫院子,有什么零活,他都干了。

I managed to work out some kind of small weekly pay, and each day Tony cleaned up the yard and took care of any little tasks.

6. 最后,我觉得他就和美国那些最伟大的实业家一样高大、自豪。

In the end, I think he stood as tall, and as proud, as the greatest American industrialists.

7. 此刻,在手术室,看着这同样的颜色——使大脑充满营养和奇迹的鲜红颜色,我仿佛回到了田间,正在那儿劳作。

Now I am here, looking at the same color — that bright red that just fills the brain with nutrition and wonder. I’m right there in the field, and I’m just doing it.

A Brief Guide to Writing Narrative Essays

Narrative writing tells a story. In essays the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of the author’s values told as a story. The important aspect to remember is that you should have a story. In a successful narrative essay, the author usually makes a point.

Features

1) The story should have an introduction that clearly indicates what kind of narrative essay it is (an event or recurring activity, a personal experience, or an observation),

and it should have a conclusion that makes a point.

2) The essay should include anecdotes. The author should describe the person, the scene, or the event in some detail. It’s okay to include dialogue as long as you know how to punctuate it correctly and as long as you avoid using too much.

3) The occasion or person described must be suggestive in that your description and thoughts lead the reader to reflect on the human experience.

4) The point of view in narrative essays is usually first person. The use of “I” invites your readers into an intimate discussion.

5) The writing in your essay should be lively and show some style. Try to describe ideas and events in new and different ways. Avoid using clichés. Again, get the basic story down, get it organized, and in your final editing process, work on word choice.

Supplementary Reading

Culture Notes

Illegal Immigration to the United States

Illegal immigration to the United States refers to the act of foreign nationals voluntarily resettling in the United States in violation of U.S. immigration and nationality law.

Medical Education in the United States

Medical education in the United States includes educational activities involved in the education and training of medical doctors (D.O. or M.D.), from entry-level training through to continuing education of qualified specialists.

A typical outline of the medical education pathway is presented as medical school, internship, residency, fellowship, and board certification; however, medicine is a diverse profession with many options available. For example, some doctors work in pharmaceutical (制药的) research, occupational medicine (within a company), public health medicine (working for the general health of a population in an area), or join the armed forces.

Harvard Medical School (HMS)

Harvard Medical School (HMS) is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University and currently the No.1 medical school in America, as ranked by U.S. News and World Report.

Located in the Longwood Medical Area of the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, HMS is home to 616 students (as of Fall 2006) in the M.D. program, 435 in the Ph.D. program, and 155 in the M.D.-Ph.D program.

The school has a large and distinguished faculty to support its missions of education, research, and clinical care. This faculty hold appointments in the basic science departments on the HMS Quadrangle, and in the clinical departments located in multiple Harvard-affiliated hospitals and institutions in Boston. There are approximately 2,900 full- and part-time voting faculty

members consisting of assistants, associates, and full professors, and over 5,000 full- or part-time non-voting instructors.

Words & Expressions

1. illegal: adj. against the law; not legal

It is illegal to drive a car that is not taxed and insured.

It is illegal to sell tobacco to someone under 16.

把烟草卖给16岁以下的人是犯法的。

2.immigrant: n. someone who enters another country to live there permanently Illegal immigrants are sent back across the border if they are caught.

The new immigrants come mainly from Asia and Latin America.

新移民主要来自于亚洲和拉丁美洲。

3.put up with: tolerate or bear

For years the workers have had to put up with low wages and terrible working conditions.

多年来工人们不得不忍受低工资和恶劣的工作环境。

Mary could no longer put up with her husband’s violent temper.

4.in search of: searching for

Many of its best-educated residents have been driven to neighboring counties in

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