2014年研究生英语口语考试对话

1. Do you think women should be treated as equally as the men in job market? Why or why not?

丹: I think that men and women should be treated equally because we're all the same. We all has nose and mouth. all born from mother and father. we all eat and drink. We are the same. Men and women should be treated equally.

A: I also think men and women should be treated equally. Because in this world men and women are equally. If no women or men in the world where are you from? So men and women should be treated equally.

B: However, In many countries in the world, women are looked down upon. It is more difficult for them to get some work than men. That's unfair.

C:Yes！In fact, women can work no worse than men. There's nothing that women can't do. Perhaps, they are better at their work than men. For example, in making telephones and computers, many companies would rather employ women, for men can't pick up the small pieces with their fingers. Likewise , they can also become excellent engineers, doctors and teachers.

D: I cannot agree with your points more. So I do think that men and women should be treated equally in job market.

Firstly,from a recently-published study confirm that there is no basic difference between the standards and quality of work performance of women who have reached top jobs and those of men in similar positions.

Secondly,there have been many famous women state lleaders and great scientists in the world. We should fully carry the principle “to each according to his work”so that enthusiasm of both men and women for work can be fully aroused.

Thirdly, Women are less interested in empire-building, in office politics, in status symbols. But

women have their own Features and strong points.

So in my opinion, men and women should be equal if they contribute the same.

2. What does the woman need to do to balance her career and family?

A:Nowadays, women faced with much more stress than men and more and more women’s work life and personal life are out of balance. What does the woman need to do to balance her career and family?

B: Finding work-life balance in today's frenetically paced world is no simple task.

I Think when a woman face challenges in her personal life, such as caring for an aging parent and young child, concentrating on her job can be difficult. And I think the first thing is giving herself the time to do the things that are most important to her. And then find out How work invades your personal life. Then you should learn to say no.

C:yes,I think you should keep a log: Track everything you do for one week. Include work-related and non-work-related activities. Decide what's necessary and what satisfies you the most. Cut or delegate activities you don't enjoy and don't have time for. If you don't have the authority to make certain decisions, talk to your supervisor. Communicate clearly. Limit time-consuming misunderstandings by communicating clearly and listening carefully. Take notes if necessary.

D:Leave work at work. With today's global business mentality and the technology to connect to anyone at any time from virtually anywhere, there's no boundary between work and home - unless you create it. Make a conscious decision to separate work time from personal time. When with your family, for instance, turn off your cell phone and put away your laptop computer. Manage your time. Organize household tasks efficiently. Doing one or two loads of laundry every day, rather than saving it all for your day off, and running errands in batches are good places to begin.

A weekly family calendar of important dates and a daily list of to-dos will help you avoid deadline panic. If your employer offers a course in time management, sign up for it. Fight the guilt. Remember, having a family and a job is OK - for both men and women. Get enough sleep. There's nothing as stressful and potentially dangerous as working when you're sleep-deprived. Not only is your productivity affected, but also you can make costly mistakes. You may then have to work even more hours to make up for these mistakes.

3. During the past two centuries, Japan invaded China twice. Do you think there would be a war between China and Japan in the new century? If so, when and where might the war start? What might be the causes for, what results and the influence of the war? If not, please give reasons to support your idea.

A:We all know that during the past two centuries, Japan invaded China twice. Do you think there would be a war between China and Japan in the new century?

B: Althouth there are some contradictions between China and Japen, I think there would not be a war in the new century.

Firstly, The war will destroy a country's economy, after the Second World War, in addition to the United States, almost all the countries are facing the problem of reconstruction.

Secondly, after a war,the proportion of the population of the country serious disorders, the war will restrict the development of national economy and industry. Thirdly, the war will bring serious psychological trauma to the people, and the harm would be permanent.

What worse, Some destruction of war on the environment can not be repaired. Considering these adverse effects, China and Japen government will not declare a war.

C: I do not think so. From the point of a view, Japan is now urgently need a war. Japan's economy for more than ten years of stagnation, until now have not found a new growth point. And Recently, Japan for provocate Chinese for various reasons, One good example to illustrate this point is The Diaoyu Island.

D: If so, when and where might the war start? What might be the causes for?

A:Our country is in a period of rapid economic growth, and Chinese is a peace loving country, so I think China will not invade any countries including Japan. But the Japanese government is only concern about the interests of their own country. Obviously, any reason will become the excuse of Japan's war.

What results and the influence of the war?

B:I think the impact of a war is enormous.

The first one is rconomy.With the development of economic globalization, the impact

of the war is not only the two country’s economies. Many other country will be influenced deeply,especially for those countries who have assitions with China. The second one is environmental impact. Nowadays, many countries have nuclear weapons, if we have to use it, the two country’s environment will be ruined. D:Exactly,And in the war, people will die, cities will be destroyed, the national will have no home.what’s more,the war will consume a lot of resources, cost lots of mony. So we all need to be an antiwar volunteer to make a contribution to the whole world!

4. You must have heard of many wars. Please give a brief introduction to one of them, such as the Gulf War, the Korean War, World War I, World War II and so on. Do you think wars can be avoided in our world? And please explain why.

A: You must have heard of many wars. How much do you know about them?

B: World War I, also known as the First World War, and (before 1939) the Great War, the War of the Nations, the World War, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict lasting from August 1914 to the final Armistice (cessation of hostilities) on November 11, 1918. The Allied Powers (led by Britain, Russia, France, and, later, the United States) defeated the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria and the Ottoman Empire), and led to the collapse of four empires and a radical change in the map of Europe. The Allied powers are sometimes referred to as the Entente powers. C: The Iraq War was an armed conflict in Iraq that consisted of two phases. The first was an invasion of Iraq starting on March 20, 2003 by an invasion force led by the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Poland which resulted in the end of Ba'athist Iraq and the establishment of a democratic constitution. It was followed by a longer phase of fighting, in which an insurgency emerged opposing the occupying forces and the newly elected Federal government of Iraq.[47] Roughly 96.5 percent of the casualties suffered by coalition forces were suffered during the second phase, rather than the initial invasion.[48] The U.S. completed its withdrawal of military personnel in December 2011, during the ninth year of the war.[49][50] However, the insurgency is ongoing and continues to cause thousands of fatalities.

D:yes,and I know something about World War 2.it was a worldwide military conflict which involved a majority of wolrd’s nations and which lasted from 1939 to 1945,making it the most widespread war in history. It was the amalgamation of two conflicts, one starting in Asia as the Second Sino-Japanese war and the other beginging in Europe with the Incasion of Poland.

This global conflict split a majority of Allies and the Axis.

In 1945.5,German surrender at discretion. In 1945.8,Japan surrender at discretion. A:Absolutely! Some people think war can be avoided in our world, but I do not think so. When the balance of development of the world or situation, of war

The war will outbreak when the world development is not balanced or The uneven distribution of resources. Though the most of the countries in the world love peace, but the individual national selfishness and plunder will destroy the whole world’s peace.

5.What are the major causes of plane crashes?

A:飞行总是存在风险，但人们普遍认为飞机在较高的高度巡航的阶段是安全的。飞机在飞

行途中可能会遇到下列问题,比如对飞行系统的错误理解、压力、天气、严重的技术故障、蓄意破坏等等。我因为导致空难的主要原因是天气问题。我们知道大自然变幻莫测，飞机在飞行过程中，从一个城市到另一个城市，会经历不同的天气幻化，不同的气流变化，空中还有可能出现不同的障碍物等等，这些都会影响飞行，对飞行员视线造成干扰或者对飞机产生气流冲击等等，最终导致飞机失事。而且天气变化都很突然，凭借人的力量很难控制和预防，因此导致后果会很严重。因此我因为天气是导致飞机失事的主要原因。

A:There's always a risk in flying, but the phase in which a plane is cruising at high altitude is widely considered to be safe.Here are some of the problems an aircraft can experience during flight,Like Wrong understanding of the aircraft systems、Stresses、weather、Technical/Catastrophic Failure、Sabotage and so on.I consider that the major causes of plane crashes is weather.

B:对不起，打断一下你的对话，我认为导致飞机发生事故的主要原因不是天气，因为飞机飞行前都会做天气情况的分析啊！如果由于天气问题，我们可以推迟货取消航班，避免事故的发生。

B:Excause me, to interrupt your conversation.I think the main reason causing the aircraft accident is not the weather, because before flight, the weather will do the analysis !If because of the weather, we can delay or cancel flights, avoid the happening of accidents.

A:我们知道大自然变幻莫测，飞机在飞行过程中，从一个城市到另一个城市，会经历不同的天气幻化，不同的气流变化，空中还有可能出现不同的障碍物等等，这些都会影响飞行，对飞行员视线造成干扰或者对飞机产生气流冲击等等，最终导致飞机失事。而且天气变化都很突然，凭借人的力量很难控制和预防，因此导致后果会很严重。因此我因为天气是导致飞机失事的主要原因。

A:We know the nature unpredicatable, during the flight, from one city to another city, will experience different weather , different airflow, the air there may be obstacles of different and so on, these will affect the aircraft's flight, effect the sight of pilot or impact force on the airflow and so on, Eventually lead to a plane crash.And the weather changes suddenly, with the power of people is very difficult to control and prevent, thus the consequences will be very serious. Therefore I think that weather is the main cause of the plane crash.

B:我不同意你的观点，我认为造成飞机失事的主要原因应该是蓄意破坏. 包括这次马航777飞机，Ascend网站显示，总共有46架西方生产的飞机在飞行途中完全坠毁。其中13起事故是蓄意破坏导致的，两起是劫机，一起是飞机被击落。还有3起原因不明，飞行员自杀也被怀疑是原因之一。

B: I don't agree with your point of view, I think the main reason caused the plane crash should be sabotage.Including the MAS 777, Ascend Online shows that a total of 46 western-built jet airliners have crashed with the loss of all on board while in the en-route phase. Of these, 13 were caused by sabotage, two more by hijacks and one was shot down. Three more were caused by undetermined causes where flightcrew suicide is suspected.

C:说到人为的因素，我想说，毕竟飞行员也是人。即使是受过专业训练，也不能保证绝不犯错。比如1982年的日本航空350号班机空难，就是因为患有精神病的机长故意将飞机发动机的推力反向器打开，意图撞毁飞机，最终导致飞机坠落水中，24名乘客遇难；1995年的罗马尼亚空难是因为机长在飞机落地前突然丧失行动能力；更离奇的则是1994年发生

的俄航593次航班空难，据调查原因可能是机长为让15岁的儿子一试飞行体验而酿成的惨剧。所以我的观点是飞行员的也占有很大的一部分因素。

C:When it comes to the pilot, I want to say, after all, the pilot is also a person. Even if it is a professional training, can not guarantee that never make mistake. Japan Airlines flight 350 in 1982, because of the mentally ill captain deliberately thrust reverser aircraft engine open, intention crashed aircraft, eventually leading to the aircraft crashed into the water, 24 passengers were killed; the Romania crash of 1995 is because the captain before landing suddenly lost the ability to move; the more bizarre is Aeroflot flight 593 crash occurred in 1994, the reason may be the captain wanted to let the son of 15 years old experience flight. So my view is thatthe pilots also account for a large part of the factors.

D：你们说的都有道理。这些都是空难发生的原因之一。但飞机事故很少因为某一单一原因发生。它通常都是由一连串的小概率事件导致的，包括你们说的天气原因，蓄意破坏和飞行员操作不当。同时还包括飞机机械发生故障，与地面通信错误，飞机相撞等等原因。这些都是可能导致空难发生的重要原因，当然也有目前还没有调查出来原因的例子，如神秘失踪的马航M370客机，但我相信，事故的原因终究会调查清楚的。分析原因，避免再次出现这种惨剧才是我们应该做的。

D: you said all right. These are one of the cause of disaster. But accidents rarely occur because of a single cause. It is usually caused by a small probability events, including you said the weather reasons, improper operation of sabotage and pilots. At the same time also includes the mechanical failure, communication error and ground personnel, aircraft collided and so on. These are likely to lead to important causes of crash, of course there is no investigation has yet out examples, such as the mysterious disappearance of Malaysia Airlines MH370 aircraft, but I believe that the cause of the accident investigation clearly sooner or later. Analysis of the reasons, avoiding a recurrence of such tragedies are what we should do.

A:据统计从2000年到现在铁路大约运输100多亿旅客。今年1-7份已经达到了10亿人次以上。这10年左右铁路事故旅客死亡的大约在300人左右。通过换算大约2.5人/亿。而飞机的数据至少是这个数据的几十倍。就单纯从安全率上讲,铁路明显安全性更高。

A:According to statistics, there are about 10000000000 passengers transported by rail from 2000 to the present. The first half of this year has reached more than 1000000000 people. Nearly 10 years since the railway accident deaths is about 300 people. Through the conversion of about 2.5 people per million. While the aircraft data is dozens of times that figure. Simply from the security rate of speaking, the railway was significantly higher security.

B:有些事情不能否认。飞机的优势在于更加先进的设备，更优秀的人员，更全面的检查，比如说飞行员往往经过多年训练，有飞行小时限制，劳动时间限制严格，起飞前各种检查；火车只要制动没问题就能上路了，司机跟着学习一年半载就能自己开了，经常加班加点，所以飞机的保障更加完善。

B:Some things can not be denied. The plane has the advantage of more advanced equipment, more outstanding personnel and a more comprehensive inspection.

For example the pilot usually after years of training, flight hour limit, the labor time limit strictly, take off before the various inspection;

As long as no problem can train braking on the road, the driver with learning a year or so will be able to drive their own and often work overtime.

So the aircraft protection more perfect.

C:如果换个角度，按照搭乘频率和使用时间来比，估计航空公司的宣传可能就要大打折扣。虽然我没有具体的详实的数据，但仅仅累计各种飞机和火车的事故新闻报出的死亡人数，可以得出飞机在这方面并不优于火车。飞机是所有交通工具里事故率最低的。火车是所有交通工具里死亡率最低的。统计方式不一样，看你关注的那一点

C:If you change your perspective, according to take the frequency and use the time to estimate than, airline propaganda may will be greatly reduced. Although I have no specific detailed data, but only the statistics of various plane and train accident news, we can draw a plane in the aspect of safety is not superior to train. The plane in all modes of transportation accident rate is the lowest. While the train is the lowest mortality. Statistics not in the same way. See which aspects of your attention

D:如果从生命安全上来，飞机如果出事故基本上就没有生还的希望了。因为在高空下来，存活希望很低很低。而火车出了事故，毕竟在陆地上，存活机会较大。但飞机比火车出现事故的情况少于火车，但很多时候之所以飞机好象多，是因为一般新闻里放的都是一些大的事故，所以造成我们觉得火车好象没事故了。

D:If coming from life safety, if the aircraft accident basically no hope of survival. Because of falling from a height, hope of survival is very low. While the train accident, after all, in the land, have a greater chance of survival. But the aircraft accident situation less than the train. But many times we think the plane accident more, because the news is all some big accidents, so we think the train accident less

B:是的。飞机要面对比火车面对更复杂的环境，例如大气中各种气流风暴。只有当火车穿山越岭或者过桥时出事危险比较大。面对的环境简单，基本不受气候影响。出事故致人死亡的情况很少。还有一点我想说的是，铁路交通事故每月都有。只是不严重所以大家听不到。

B:Yes. The plane is going to face a more complex environment, such as the atmosphere of various flow and storm. Only when all the bridge train or relatively easy to have an accident. In the face of the environment is simple, basically not affected by climate. The accident caused the death of people rarely. Another point.

I want to say, railway traffic accidents have occurred every month. Just not serious so we can't hear.

A:问题的关键就是一个字——坠落。与火车事故不同，火车事故是在平面发生的，倾覆的幅度有限，所以损害相对要小。而飞机则不同，事故是在立体空间发生的，坠落的幅度几米到几千米，后果自然严重。

A:The key of the problem is a word - falling. Different from the train accident, train accident occurred in the plane. The overthrow of the range is limited, so the damage is relatively small. While the aircraft is different, the

accident was happened in the three-dimensional space, falling range from a few meters to several thousand meters, so there are serious consequences.

C:但对于乘客而言，我们肯定更关心发生事故之后的生还概率。我们不关心你一年飞行多少架次。我们只关心万一我遇上了这几百万分之一，我能活着回家的概率是多少。而事实上这个概率是极低的。

C:But for passengers, we must be more concerned with survival probability after the accident. We don't care about your flight how many times a year. We only care if I met this one in a million, what is the probability that I can go home alive. And the fact that this probability is very low.

当然，从运输旅客的总量来看，中国铁路和民航发生那种重大人身伤亡事故的几率都较小，在多个偶然设备故障基础上加上人为因素就可能造成重大人身伤害事故，在现代越来越严的管理规章条例下，重大事故必然会越来越少，总体上都是十分安全和快捷的交通工具。

D:Of course, from the total passenger transport, are less likely to Chinese rai lway and civil aviation major casualty accidents. Usually a few occasional equi pment failure happened at the same time, coupled with human factors, it may cau se a major accident. In modern times, management rules and regulations increasi ngly strict, serious accident will become less and less. Aircraft and rail whee l are generally very safe and fast transport.

7、How much do you know about SARS?

A：My first reaction was that it swept across the whole Chinese. it is very dangerous. I think SARS stands for severe acute respiratory syndrome. AND it is a respiratory illness that is both contagious and sometimes fatal. SARS was first appearing in Southern China in November 2002. and within only a few months, the disease spread across the world.The SARS disease symptoms usually begins with a high fever . The fever is sometimes associated with chills or other symptoms 。

严重急性呼吸系统综合症,通常被称为“非典”,是一种呼吸道疾病,传染性和有时是致命的。非典在中国2002年11月,在仅仅几个月,这种疾病蔓延到整个世界。非典疾病症状通常开始于一个高烧。

B: I added i think they are a lot like pneumonia or the flu. People get a very high fever -- at least 100.4 degrees. They also usually have shortness of breath or other problems breathing and a dry cough. Some people get other symptoms, including a headache, stiff or achy muscles, a loss of appetite, fatigue, a rash and diarrhea.

After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry, nonproductive cough that might be accompanied by or progress to a condition in which the oxygen levels in the blood are low (hypoxia).

他们很像肺炎或流感。人们会非常高的热——至少100.4度。他们也通常有呼吸急促的呼吸和干咳或其他问题。有些人得到其他症状,包括头痛、肌肉僵硬或疼痛,食欲不振、疲劳、皮疹和腹泻。2 - 7天后,SARS患者可能产生干燥、非生产性的咳嗽,可能是伴随着或进展情况,血液中的氧含量很低(低氧)。

C: I think it very dangerous, because SARS is thought to be transmitted most readily by respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet spread can happen when droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person are

propelled a short distance (generally up to 3 feet) through the air and deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of persons who are nearby.

我认为它这非常危险,因为SARS被认为是最容易通过呼吸道飞沫传播(飞沫传播)感染者咳嗽或打喷嚏时产生。飞沫传播会发生当水滴从感染者咳嗽或打喷嚏的推动很短的距离(通常3英尺)通过空气和沉积在口腔的粘膜,鼻子或眼睛附近的人。

D: Although SARS has been control, but we still need to ensure a good living habits to prevent it. SARS can be spread through the air and saliva,We must carry out the defense from the following aspects

1. To maintain good personal hygiene habits. Sneezing, coughing or cleaning the nose wash hands after. Wash your hands after using a clean towel to dry hair and paste, do not share towels.

2. A proper diet, regular exercise and adequate rest, emotional stability and avoid smoking, according to the changes in the climate change clothes, and enhance the body's resistance.

尽管非典已经被控制了，但是我们还需要确保良好的生活饮食习惯来预防它。SARS病

毒可以通过空气和唾液传播，我们必须从以下几个方面进行预防。

1。保持良好的个人卫生习惯。打喷嚏，咳嗽或清洁鼻子后洗手。用干净的毛巾擦干头发粘贴后要洗手，不要共用毛巾。

2。合理饮食，经常锻炼和充足的休息，情绪稳定，避免吸烟，根据气候变化改变的衣服，增强身体的抵抗力。

8 What’s your experience during the period when SARS stroke China in 2003?

A: In 2003, SARS, a kind of serious disease, broke out in China .it spread quickly and several hundred people lost their lives . It was a period of darkness and terror.在2003，一种严重的疾病SARS，在中国爆发。它迅速蔓延，数百人丧生，那是一段黑暗和恐怖。

B: Right! it is the most terror infectious disease I have experienced during my life.

对，在我成长中这是我经历过的最恐怖的传染病。

C： Please interrupt ，Because at that time we are so little, I do not feel too serious about it.

打断一下，因为当时我们都比较小，我当时的经历感到不太严重。

D: I agree with your point . Because at that time I also don’t konw what is SARS.我同意你的观点。因为在当时我还不懂什么是 SARS。

A: In my memory, that year I was on the fifth grade primary school, the SARS attack Global in that spring. At that time, I can’t understand the pain of death and helpless. I even don't know this disease’s academic name is SARS. I only know it is very susceptible to infect and difficult to cure. I can't forget the tense atmosphere in our school, family and society. At that time, every day we are asked to drink the medicine which can prevent influenza. At school, the teacher supervise us to drink medicine. At home my mom supervise me. 在我的记忆中，那一年是炎热加苦涩的。那时的我正在上小学五年级，非典在这一年的夏日突袭全球而来。我那时还不能很深切的感受病痛与死亡的痛苦与无无助。那是我并不知道“她的”学名叫SARS。我只知道是非常易感染，很难治的一种病。我忘不了那时社会，学校，家里的各种紧张气氛。我记得每天都是喝药，喝药，喝药，还是喝药。在学校，每天老师监督着喝药，在家妈妈会

念叨喝药。

B：I experienced the most special spring --- Wearing a mask, the smell of disinfectant . At the time of the social atmosphere, I know that SARS is not the ordinary flu, but deadly infectious diseases. On the TV I saw many doctors and nurses were sacrificed . SARS let me feel panic, the panic not the fear of death, but the fear of losing our families members, friends ‘s attachment. Now recall it, "SARS" is a disaster, but in spite of the panic, just as the proverb saying:

a friend in need is a friend indeed.

那是我度过最为特殊的春天“戴着口罩、闻着消毒水的春天”，在电视、老师和家长的带动下，让我知道非典并不是以往普普通通的感冒，而是致命性的传染疾病。在电视上看见那

么多英勇大夫、护士牺牲，记忆周边人的害怕和无助，让我我也感觉到了恐慌，不是对

“死亡”的恐惧，而是对亲人、对朋友和这个世界上所有东西的深深的依恋。

“非典”是一场灾难，尽管人心惶惶，但是在那场灾难面前，亲情、友情、爱情突然间缩

短了许多，感情浓缩了许多。这也许就是患难见真情，非典让人们心靠得更近。

C：I still remember the situation at that time, when we go out, we must wear masks. people's eyes were full of preparedness and alienation. SARS are quite serious in the South of China and Beijing ，but in my hometown the spread of SARS is slowly. At that time , we got information about SARS mostly through the TV . At that time we were little and didn't feel dangerous. Because of SARS , the teachers relaxed the study requirements and I was at junior school just at that time. In addition, the classroom every sprays disinfectant every day.

我还记得非典时期的情景，大家出门都戴着口罩，喝着板蓝根，人们眼中充满着防备和疏远。非典大多在南方和北京比较严重，我家乡这边非典传播的少，当时关于非典的信息和

记忆大多通过电视观看到，当时年纪小没怎么感觉危险。我当时刚刚上初中，因为非典原因，教室要天天喷洒消毒水。

D: I have the same experience with you, the school relaxed the academic requirements, but were more district in the management. In my memory ,anyone who had a cold or a fever ，all the teachers and students in this classroom would be Isolated. During that time we have to measure body temperature and spraying disinfectant every day. Because of my parents afraid of me being infected with SARS, So on the weekend I was asked to stay at home all day. 我和你的经历差不多，学校放松了对学业的要求，但在管理上变得严格了。记得只要有人

感冒、发烧，整个学校老师和同学都会焦躁和不安。每天都要测量体温和喷洒消毒水。周

末也没有室外活动场地，只能被家长圈在家中，禁止出去，就怕传染上非典。当时年纪

小，离非典重度感染区远，每天身边都充斥着浓浓的消毒水味儿和苦涩的药片，当时感觉

大人太危言耸听。