2014年四川大学2011现代数学基础考博真题考博试题博士研究生入学考试试题

2015年四川大学考博《英语》真题及详解

2015年四川大学考博《英语》真题 (总分:100.00,做题时间:180分钟) 一、ⅠReadingComprehension 二、Passage1 Speechissofamiliarafeatureofdailylifethatwerarelypausetodefineit.Itseemsasnatural tomanaswalkingandonlylesssothanbreathing.Yetitneedsbutamoment'sreflectiontoconvinceus thatthisnaturalnessofspeechisbutanillusoryfeeling.Theprocessofacquiringspeechis,insob erfact,anutterlydifferentsortofthingfromtheprocessoflearningtowalk.Inthecaseofthelatt erfunction,culture,inotherwords,thetraditionalbodyofsocialusage,isnotseriouslybrought intoplay.Thechildisindividuallyequipped,bythecomplexsetoffactorsthatwetermbiologicalh eredity,tomakealltheneededmuscularandnervousadjustmentsthatresultinwalking.Indeed,the veryconformationofthesemusclesandoftheappropriatepartsofthenervoussystemmaybesaidtobe primarilyadaptedtothemovementsmadeinwalkingandinsimilaractivities.Inaveryrealsense,th enormalhumanbeingispredestinedtowalk,notbecausehiselderswillassisthimtolearnthear t,butbecausehisorganismispreparedfrombirth,orevenfromthemomentofconception,totake onallthoseexpendituresofnervousenergyandallthosemuscularadaptationsthatresultinwalkin g.Toputitconcisely,walkingisaninherent,biologicalfunctionofman. Notsolanguage.Itisofcoursetruethatinacertainsensetheindividualispredestinedtotalk ,butthatisdueentirelytothecircumstancethatheisbornnotmerelyinnature,butinthelapofasoc ietythatiscertain,reasonablycertain,toleadhimtoitstraditions.Eliminatesocietyandthere iseveryreasontobelievethathewilllearntowalk,if,indeed,hesurvivesatall.Butitisjustasce rtainthathewillneverlearntotalk,thatis,tocommunicateideasaccordingtothetraditionalsys temofaparticularsociety.Or,again,removethenew-bornindividualfromthesocialenvironmenti ntowhichhehascomeandtransplanthimtoanutterlyalienone.Hewilldeveloptheartofwalkinginhi snewenvironmentverymuchashewouldhavedevelopeditintheold.Buthisspeechwillbecompletelya tvariancewiththespeechofhisnativeenvironment.Walkingthenisageneralhumanactivitythatva riesonlywithinarestrictedlimitaswepassfromindividualtoindividual.Itsvariabil ityispurposeless.Speechisahumanactivitythatvarieswithoutassignablelimitaswepassfr omsocialgrouptosocialgroup,becauseitisapurelyhistoricalheritage,theproductoflong-cont inuedsocialusage.Itvariesasallcreativeeffortvaries-notasconsciously,perhaps,butnoneth elessastrulyasdothereligions,thebeliefs,thecustoms,andtheartsofdifferentpeoples.Walki ngisanorganic,instinctivefunction,speechisanon-instinctive,acquired,"cultural"functio n. (1).ThefirstsentenceofParagraphTwo,"Notsolanguage"istheclosestinmeaningto______. " A.thisisnotthecasewithlanguage " B.soislanguageandnotanythingelse " C.nosuchathingexistsinlanguage " D.notsomuchwithlanguage A.√ B. C. D. 解析:细节推理题。Notsolanguage承接首段的最后一句话,将language与walking进行对比,上文提及"行走是人类与生俱来的一种生物功能",而语言则不是。选项A与文中的意思最接近。故答案为A。

2012四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解

四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解 阅读 1)Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language(C) 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language(C) 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language(B)

川大语言学考博真题

2009年语言学理论 一名词解释。 1.配价: “配价”是当今语法理论体系中最重要的问题之一,所谓“价”(valency),是借用化学中的术语,主要考察某一成分有多少个同现成分,亦即某一成分必须有多少个强制性搭配成分。最早把“价”理论引进语法研究领域的是法国语言学家Lucien Tesnuere,当初是为了研究一个动词能支配多少种不同性质的名词性词语,动词的“价”就就定于动词所支配的不同性质的名词性词语的数目。 配价理论思想认为,动词是一个句子的中心(支配词regissant),它支配着句子中别的成分,而动词本身不受其他任何成分的支配。只接受动词支配的的有“名词词组”和“副词词组”,其中名词词组形成“行动元(actant)”,副词词组形成“状态元(circonstant)”。从理论上说,句子中的状态元可以是无限多,但行动元不得超过三个,即主语、宾语1和宾语2。由此可以将动词分为一价动词、二价动词和三价动词。 动词有配价的问题,后来经过研究,发现形容词和名词等也有配价问题。我们可以说:利用动词与不同性质的名词之间、形容词与不同性质的名词之间、名词中隐含谓词与不同性质的名词之间的配价关系来研究、解释语法现象,这种研究和分析的手段就称之为“配价分析”。 根据配价分析理论,汉语中的动词可以分为零价动词,表自然现象的词;一价动词,即一般的不及物动词;二价动词,即一般的及物动词;三价动词,即双宾动词。 在中国最早利用配价理论与方法来研究汉语的是朱德熙先生关于“动词语+的”结构的分析。利用配价理论及方法我们可以对汉语中的一些歧义现象进行分析,也可一解释一些用其他理论不好解释或不能完善解释的语法现象。 关于配价的性质长期以来有几种不同的观点: 一是认为配价是建立在句法基础上的语法范畴。以句法概念来说明

2014年四川大学博士生英语入学考试真题(附答案)

川大考博英语2014年真题 I.Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each) Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Passage One In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “huma n-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems the never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system form, a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maxima, production and consumption are ends in themselves, into a humanist industrialism in which man and full

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四川大学2005年博士研究生入学英语考试题 Passage 1 As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist. The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related. Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the "problem" for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let's take a particular problem of the aircraft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes. Dividing scientists into two groups is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independent of the' others. Many new specialties --geophysics and biochemistry, for example -- have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences. 1. The applied scientist ______. A. is not always interested in practical problems B. provides the basic knowledge for practice C. applies the results of research to practice D. does original research to understand the basic laws of nature 2. The example given in the passage illustrates how ___. A. pure science operates independently of applied science B. the applied scientist discovers the basic laws of nature C. applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is done D. applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist 3. The problem discussed in the second paragraph called for____. A. selecting the best hear-resistant metal from existing metals B. developing a turbine wheel capable of generating heat up to 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit C. developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperatures

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曹翔同志于2009年12月加入中国共产党,坚决拥护中国共产党领导,在党组织开展的各项活动中表现积极,政治可靠,有很强的责任心和集体荣誉感。 该同志是在2010年9月以优异的成绩成为我的硕士研究生的。入学之初,我即对他强调要系统学习专业知识,认识研读文献资料。读研期间,该同志的业务水平不断提升,主持了一项西南民族大学创新型科研项目,参与了一项西南民族大学中央高校科研项目,撰写了一篇题为《湘西自治州扶贫开发中人力资本提升问题研究》的硕士论文,并通过了硕士论文答辩,拿到了管理学硕士学位。 此外,该同志及时追踪最新的学科进展,涉足的时间尺度和研究方法都不局限于硕士论文的选题大量,有较宽的科学视野和开放的思维方式。该同志外语水平较强,曾荣获2009年全国大学生英语竞赛优秀奖,读研期间通过不断地刻苦训练,业已具备不错的交流能力。 作为该同志的硕士研究生导师,我有足够的理由相信,他会在更有竞争力的环境中取得更好的成绩,并为祖国的繁荣富强做出积极努力。他蕴藏的学术潜力正待更有效地激发和引导。 作为他的硕士导师,我很高兴推荐他成为四川大学博士研究生。

曹翔同志一贯忠实于教育、科学事业,热爱祖国,热爱人民,具备优良的思想品德。该同志良好的道德修养也保证其在将来的工作中具有好的组织协调能力与合作能力。 该同志英语于2009年通过了全国大学生英语六级考试,成绩509分,能熟练使用英语阅读和交流。 该同志具有很强的科研能力,在硕士论文的研究过程中对自然现象的观察非常细致,能够敏感地发现问题,并能迅速找出解决问题的办法,通过数月的不断努力,撰写了一篇题为《湘西自治州扶贫开发中人力资本提升问题研究》的硕士论文,并通过了硕士论文答辩,拿到了管理学硕士学位。 该同志在硕士研究生学习期间参加了武陵山片区扶贫专项计划研究工作,在研究工作中积累了经验,同时也展示出该同志在研究工作中的天赋与才能。在研究工作的收尾之际,该同志撰写了一篇题为《武陵山湘西自治州与发达省市人力资本对比研究》的学术论文,论文集出版社为中国经济出版社。 鉴于该同志天资聪慧,自学能力强,能很好地领悟学问之实质,及严谨的学风,勤奋的工作态度和其从事科学研究的天赋,特推荐曹翔同志报考四川大学博士研究生。

最新最全四川大学考博真题

史学通论 2008 一、结合本专业实际论历史记忆与历史书写之关系。 二、如何认识历史领域后现代主义的当代挑战。 2009 一、结合实例说明历史学的社会功能。 二、史学领域的后现代主义思潮述评。 2010 一、论历史思维的方法。 二、结合史学理论与实践谈谈你对“史学即史料学”这一观点的认识。 中国古代史 2008 一、简要解释或回答以下各题。 1、刘知几与章学诚。 2、中国古代文献的四部分类法。 3、中国古代货币的主要类型。 4、结合你所报专业介绍四川大学的史学前辈学者。 二、简要论述下列各题: 1、“安史之乱”后唐代社会的变化。 2、“汉承秦制”。 2009 一、必做题 唐代有哪些主要宗教?请分别予以简略介绍。 二、选做题: 1、试论秦统一的历史原因。 2、中国历史出现过哪些重要的图书分类方法?这些分类法的代表作有 哪些?试分析这些分类法的适用范围及其优劣。 3、试论儒墨学说的异同及其对后世的影响。 4、试论“两个体系”(覆盖人民群众的档案资源体系和方便人民群众的 档案利用体系)的建设问题或者论述从藏书建设到文献资源建设到信 息资源建设理论嬗变的时代背景与发展进程。 5、略述春秋战国时期“百家争鸣”发生的社会背景和主要派别。 6、迄今为止,有关中国儒学史(或经学史)分期的观点主要有哪些?试 对这些分期法的优劣进行评析,谈谈你自己对中国儒学(或经学)发 展主要阶段的基本认识。 2010 一、必做题: 试述汉武帝时期实行的“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”政策的提出、内容及影响。 二、选做题: 1、举例说明战国时期著名的水利工程及其对当时社会经济的影响。 2、简论中国古代官私书目的历史发展及其功能。 3、试论秦统一的主要原因。

2010年四川大学博士生入学考试英语试题

Translation (30%) Part A (20%) 要想真正生活得幸福和平安,一个人至少应该有两三种业余爱好,而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才开始说“我要培养这个或那个兴趣”是毫无用处的,这种尝试只会增加精神上的负担。在与自己日常工作无关的领域中,一个人或许能获得渊博的知识,但却很难有所收益或得到放松。做自己喜欢的事是无益的,你得喜欢自己所做的事。广而言之,人可以分为三个类别:劳累而死的人、忧虑而死的人和无聊而死的人。对于那些体力劳动者来说,一周辛苦的工作使他们筋疲力尽,因此在周六下午给他们提供踢足球或者打棒球的机会是没有意义的。对于政界人士、专业人士或者商人来说,他们已经为棘手的事务操劳或者烦恼了六天,因此在周末请他们为琐事劳神同样毫无意义。 Part B (10%) 1.Chengdu is a city that makes you reluctant to leave once you’re here. 2.Do not lust for a windfall. Do not drink too much wine. 3.Courtesy seats. (Seats reserved for the elderly, infirm, sick, disabled and pregnant.) 4.As a job seeker, dressing too casually can be detrimental to your odds of being hired. 5.The survey shows that few people are able to devote themselves fully to their career. V. Writing (29%) Sample Go West, Revitalize Our Nation As with the great appeal for the western frontier development in the 19th in the USA, there is also an urgent need for patriotic and energetic young people to go west and make contributions to the western region development nowadays in China. During the decades of years, the eastern region of China has been developing rapidly since its reform and opening up to the outside world. But the western region still remains undeveloped. There are various reasons why the landlocked west has lagged behind in its economic development. The chief reason, I think, is that the opening up policies enables the east to lure more foreign capital and make a fantastic spurt in its development. As a result, the gap between the east and the west has been widened. In addition, the west’s unique unfavorable geographic positions greatly limit its development. In fact, most of the poor population, who still have subsistence problems, live there. If left unchanged, the underdevelopment in the west will greatly affect overall prosperity and even social stability.

川大英语考博作文

In the illustration provided, authors of what should be unique articles peer over at their colleague’s work. Perhaps they are looking for inspiration, but more likely, they are stealing ideas and using these ideas as their own. It appears from this picture that everyone is guilty of this crime; there is no start or finish to the cycle of plagiarism. Academic plagiarism is a problem that is not limited to one or two schools in the world. One can only imagine that some form of academic plagiarism is present everywhere. This process can occur innocently enough. One writer is looking for information on a certain topic and does not cite his work properly, the original author is forgotten, and credit is not placed where it is due. I believe that this issue is a very serious problem in universities today. The administration should do everything they can to stop plagiarism. This could include lecturing students on how to properly quote references, and also raising the penalties for those who are found guilty of plagiarism. Coping with Stress As the pace of life continues to quicken, you find yourself under stress all too often. Chronic stress contributes to a wide range of physical and emotional problems. In addition, stress gets in the way of your work performance, the quality of your relationships, and your overall experience of life. Stress, too, can damage the general health and well-being of organizations and the society as a whole. If you want to thrive in our ever-accelerating world, you must learn to cope with stress. First, you have to reevaluate the priorities of your life. Do you really need those lavish things, like fashionable clothes and a brand-new car? If you learn to be content with what you have, you probably won’t have to take a second job or spend your weekend in the office. Second, regular exercise will help relieve your stress. No matter how busy you are, find time to play some games, preferably with your family and kids. Third, you should learn to relax. The world won’t come to an end if you stop and smell the roses on the roadside. By so doing, you’ll find yourself with enhanced physical strength and mental vigor and your capability to cope with change and stress will improve enormously. Qualities of Top Research Workers There is no denying that distinguished top research workers should be learned and creative. But at the same time they should have some special qualities: cooperative, moral and responsible. A s a respectable researcher, he should be cooperative, that’s to say, he has to be on good terms with other researchers. Cooperation and mutual trust are very critical for scientific achievements. An eminent researcher should be moral, namely, he makes sure that his knowledge is used to bring benefits to the general public rather than to make his personal gains. If researchers working in the nuclear field are evil-minded and use the technology for some personal interest, then the world will get

2009年四川大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2009年四川大学考博英语真题及详解 I.Reading Comprehension(30%;one mark each) Passage One The longitudinal study demonstrates that students who receive ESL(English as a second language)instruction are far better than those taught primarily in their native language.A comparison of the three-year exit rates for students in ESL and bilingual programs shows that those who receive ESL instruction test out faster and in higher percentages than those who receive instruction in their native language,regardless of the grade in which they entered school. For example,79.3percent of the children who entered ESL programs in kindergarten tested out, while only51.5percent of those who received their education in their native languages did. Likewise,72.9percent of the LEP(limited English proficiency)students who entered programs in the first grade tested out,while only38.5of those in bilingual programs did.For students who entered LEP programs in the ninth grade,91.6percent of those in native-language instruction classes still hadn’t tested out after three years,as compared with78.1percent of those in ESL classes. Furthermore,children who had been in ESL classes tested4higher in English and math once they exited LEP programs than those who had received native-language instruction.Of the LEP students who entered in kindergarten or the first grade,49percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually read at grade level,while only32percent of those who had been in bilingual classes performed that well.In math,the statistics are even more impressive.Of the children who entered in kindergarten or the first grade,more than69percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually performed at grade level or above,as opposed to54percent of those who had been in bilingual classes. Naturally,the study provoked a barrage of criticism from the highly political and vocal bilingual lobby,which prompted the New York City Board of Education to issue a paper in November1994mitigating the findings of the study and ignoring the distinction between students in ESL and bilingual education programs.Rather than exit rates,this paper focuses on the achievement of LEP students during the period in which they are in bilingual or ESL classes. The authors show that although the scores of LEP students were below average on the English-language test,their scores in all areas showed improvement;they point out that in math, there were insufficient data on the progress of LEP students to draw valid conclusions. However,a report on citywide mathematics test results in New York in the spring of1995 deals more fully with the math scores of the26,248students who were examined the previous school year in Chinese,Spanish,or Haitian Creole.According to this document,only16.6percent of these children were performing at or above grade level in mathematics.Although this figure represents an improvement of1.1percent over the scores of the previous,year,it discredits the argument that native-language instruction keeps performing at grade level in subject areas. Although LEP students are improving faster than the national norm,they continue to perform far below the norm. 1.This text is mainly______. A.a review of ESL,bilingual and LEP instructions B.a survey of new approaches to subject instructions

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