专业英语翻译教案

(此文档为word格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！)

浙江师范大学

外国语学院

课程大纲及教案

专业名称：英语专业

课程名称：《翻译》（1）

主导教材：毛荣贵《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》所属课程组：翻译组

课程负责人：

适用年级：英语专业本科2003级

学年第二学期

翻译（1）（2）课程大纲

一、课程概况

课程名称：翻译

课程类别：专业基础课课程编号：，

学分：4 学时：68 开课学期：五、六

二、课程教学目标和要求

1、[教学目标]

通过本课程的教学，帮助学生有效提高翻译实践能力和理论认识，达到高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲对其翻译能力的基本要求，即：能运用翻译理论与技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，译文忠实、流畅，译速每小时个英文单词汉字，使之

可以胜任未来的中学英语教学以及其他涉及翻译能力的工作。

2、[课程要求]

本课程为系列专业基础课，由英译汉和汉译英组成，要求学生按顺序修读。

为达到课程教学的目的，采用讲练结合的方式，布置相当数量的课后作业要求学生按时按量完成，并积极参与课堂讨论。

三、教学内容与教学安排

1、[教学内容要点]

本课程教学以实践为主，理论为辅，重点是翻译技巧的介绍与练笔，翻译内容涉及各类文体、各个领域。课程安排按照讲练结合的原则展开，帮助学生有步骤有针对性地训练翻译的基本技能。通过大量的练习和讲评，强化学生对不同文本语体特点和翻译原则的认识，为其将来从事翻译工作或运用英语作为工作语言打下坚实的双语转换实践基础。

2、[教学安排]

本课程教学依据教学大纲，安排在本科三年级上、下两学期进行，共计68学时，其中36学时为英译汉，32学时为汉译英，每周2学时。教学计划允许授课教师在具体操作中有一定的灵活度，但至少应包含以下3部分的主题内容：

1)翻译概述（含翻译的标准、原则、过程、中外翻译简史及翻译名家的主要

观点等）；

2)翻译技巧讲练（介绍主要的英汉互译技巧，结合学生的练笔进行讲评）；

3)多视角的翻译实践与研究（不同领域的翻译实践及其操作原则与技巧，如

外来词翻译、报刊标题及新闻翻译、旅游翻译、科技翻译、广告翻译、文

化与翻译等；在实践的基础上开始涉猎翻译的前沿理论，提高学生对翻译

的理性认识，目的在于训练其解决问题的探索能力，为其将来从事翻译实

践或理论研究开辟一个窗口）。

四、教材及主要参考资料

教材：

毛荣贵：《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》，上海交通大学出版社2002年版

毛荣贵：《新世纪大学汉英翻译教程》，上海交通大学出版社2002年版主要参考资料：

Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.

Nida, E. A. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 1993.

Nida, E. A. Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP,

2001.

陈宏薇：《新实用汉译英教程》，湖北教育出版社2000年版

冯庆华：《实用翻译教程》(英汉互译) ，上海外语教育出版社2002年版

杨平：《名作精译—〈中国翻译〉英译汉选萃》，青岛出版社1998年版

张培基：《英汉翻译教程》，上海外语教育出版社1980年版

中国日报网站：《汉英最新特色词汇》，上海社会科学院出版社2002年版

《中国翻译》杂志。

五、作业与考核方式

作业：相关翻译练习

考核方式：课程考核以平时作业和期末闭卷考试相结合的方式，考核成绩由平时作业成绩（30%）和期末考试卷面成绩（70%）组成。

Teaching Plan for Translation (1)

◇Title of Lesson: A Brief Introduction to Translation Week 1 ◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Help the students achieve a basic understanding of translation: its nature, classification, evaluation criteria, the role of translator, etc.

2．Briefly introduce to the students the development of translation in China.

◇Key Teaching Points：

1．The nature and evaluation criteria of translation.

2．The difficulties involved in translating process.

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

1．The nature of translation.

2．The evaluation criteria of translation.

3．The influence of language cultural barriers on translation.

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Discussion:

●What is translation?

●What is a successful translation?

●What difficulties might occur in translating process?

A.What is translation?

1.Key words:

source language(SL) receptor language target language(TL);

reproduce; message information; equivalence correspondence

2.Nature of translation (Eugene A. Nida):

Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the

closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms

of meaning and secondly in terms of style.

3.Classification of translation:

a.Oral interpretation written translation

b.Human translation machine translation

c.Literary scientific political commercial translation

d.Domestication (naturalization) foreignization (estrangement,

alienation)

e.Literal translation free translation

B.What is a successful translation?

1.严复：信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)

2.傅雷：以效果而论，翻译应当象临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似

3.钱钟书：诱、讹、化

4.Eugene A. Nida: natural close; dynamicfunctional equivalence

C.What difficulties might occur in translating process?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/d617174759.html,nguage Cultural Barriers

Translatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite

distant both in time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the

content is not shared in the two cultures.

→Betrayal: Loss Distortion

2.Example analysis:

a.东边日出西边雨，道是无晴．却有晴．。

之所如，凌万顷之茫然

b.纵一苇

．．

The whole sky spangled gay twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is as distinct as though it washed and rubbed with snow for -widowed.

—Romeo and Juliet

译文1：他要借你做牵引相思的桥梁

可是我却要做一个独守空闺的怨女而死去。

译文2：他本要借你做捷径，登上我的床；

可怜我这处女，活守寡，到死是处女。

3.In the long run there is a tendency: translation itself can convert

intranslatability into translatability.

e.g. crocodile’s tears; science democracy

II.The Role of Translator:

The craft of translator is …deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between impulses to facsimile and impulses to appropriate recreation.

— George Steiner 译者的技艺是一个深刻的矛盾体。这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张力之间形成的：一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动，另一方面又有适当再创作的冲动。

A.Metaphors for translator:

1. A courier of the spirits （普希金）

2. A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting

3. A straitjacketed dancer

4. A musician an actor

5.Traduttori-traditori (Translators are traitors.)

B.Responsibility of translator:

https://www.360docs.net/doc/d617174759.html,petent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge

2.Being as transparent as possible

3.Being a good negotiator

III.The Development of Translation in China:

翻译史上的三个高峰期：

1.汉至唐宋佛经的转译：支谦；鸠摩罗什；道安；玄奘

2.明清以后西欧科技文化的引进：徐光启；严复；林纾；（译才并世数严

林－康有为）

3.五四之后的现代阶段：郭沫若；鲁迅；瞿秋白；傅雷；钱钟书

IV.Homework:

《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》（P. 46）

◇Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (1) Week 2 ◇Time Needed ：Two periods （40 minutes per period ）

◇Teaching Objectives ：

1． Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.

2． Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.

◇Key Teaching Points ：

The difference of language embodies the difference in thinking styles.

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process

◇Teaching Contents:

I. Thinking Style and Diction

A. Insubstantial （虚）vs. Substantial （实）

1. Embodiment e.g. In this new year, we face momentous uncertainties: war (or wars), a

weak economy.

译：这新的一年里，我们面临着战争（乃至连续的．．．战争）、经济低迷等一系．．

列．重大的不确定因素．．

。 2. Visualization

e.g. utterly quiet 鸦雀无声 e.g. In 1966 the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals.

译：1966年，北朝鲜队成功地踢进．．

了四分之一决赛。 B. Static （静）vs. Dynamic （动）

Examples:

1) Compare the following two sentences and decide which one is better:

a) The pop star appeared on the stage, which caused the audience to stand up and applaud.

b) The pop star’s presence on the stage brought the audience to their feet in applause.

2) Translate the following sentence: They are the employers of managers as much as they are the employs of workpeople.

译：他们不仅雇佣．．工人也雇佣．．

经理。 II. Thinking Style and Syntax

A. Hypotaxis （从属结构）vs. Parataxis （并列结构）

1. e.g. It is a pity, that any technology are always preceded by a radical

change in (无灵名词) as subject e.g. Doubts began to creep into people’s minds about the likely success

of the project.

译：人们．．

渐渐对这项计划成功的可能性产生了怀疑。 2. Preparatory word: it

3. e.g. It agentdoer)

e.g. It is generally believed that Hong Kong will continue to keep its

prosperity and stability after its return to China.

译：人们．．

普遍认为香港回归后会继续保持繁荣和稳定。 B. Subject-Prominent （主语句）vs. Topic-Prominent （主题句）

Examples:

1. 1) We could only build one for it, you must carry on.

2. Cigarettes were the death of me.

3. If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble, the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street.

4. If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always.

5. Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy.

6. They serious disease if certain important elements are missing.

7.

By the end of the war, 800 people saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives. It should be noted that : Contrast between English and Chinese (2)

Week 3

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese. 2．Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.

◇Key Teaching Points：

1．Lexical differences;

2．Syntactic differences.

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process

◇Teaching Contents:

Comment on the ; palace (**compare with dragon)

1.No equivalent

e.g. mascon, cosplay →a tendency of translatability (e.g. bar, disco)

2.Partial equivalent

a.Polysemy（一词多义）

e.g. aunt, bird, drink,

to ; lead; bill; reed read

b.Fixed expressions

e.g. ready money pocket money easy money of the other.

B.Word order

1.Attributive modifiers

Examples:

的事

1) something important 重要

．．

诗人

2) the ancient Chinese poet中国古代

．．．．

的叫化

3) a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar一个身材瘦小

．．．．

子，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，胡子拉渣的，还瘸着腿

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

4) a candidate with little chance of success 一个当选希望极微．．．．．．

的候选人 2. Adverbial modifiers

Examples:

1) to develop rapidly 迅速发展；extremely fast 快极了 极快 2) With a bag of books we walked across the garden in the gray light of the dawn. 我们提着一袋书．．．．．，在晨曦中．．．．

穿过了花园。 3) He was quick to use self-deprecating in Rome on May 27, 1980.

他是1980．．．．年．5．月．27．．日在罗马．．．．出生的。 他于1980．．．．年．5．月．27．．日．

出生于罗马．．

。 II. Syntactic Differences

A. Transformation of sentence structure

1. Simple Sentence →Complex Sentence

e.g. His superior grades at -free College of the City of New York.

由于在中学成绩优异，他进入了免费的纽约市立大学。

2. Complex Sentence →Simple Sentence

e.g. That is certain. 他肯定会来参加讨论的。

e.g. He doesn ’t know what life means to know the meaning of war

and what it was in reality.

当时我确实还不太懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。

3. Passive Voice →Active Voice

e.g. He is respected by everybody. 人人都尊敬他。

e.g. I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper. 有人告诉我不

要相信报纸上读到的消息。

B. Sentence order

1.Time order

e.g. He in just the day before from Georgia where basking in the

Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job

engaged in in the South.

译：他本来在南部从事一项建筑工程；任务完成之后，他就上格鲁吉亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。

2.Logic order

a.Cause-result order

b. e.g. He –result order

e.g. She will play the piano only if she is paid. 只有付给她报酬，她才

愿意演奏钢琴。

III.Homework

A.Presentation task:

PK台

–Please find the full word of PK and its original meaning. Any related information would also be appreciated.

–Make a PPT document to present what you 5 minutes.

–At the end of the PPT, put in the source of your knowledge and the names of all your group members also.

B.Translate the following paragraph:

It seemed a point scored for Joanne, panicked that -law would bungle the turnoff for the Pulaski Skyway, shattered the tip of the baby’s belly. It went unnoticed for a second until Corinne screamed; then they all saw it, a little flea of fire glowing beside the perfect navel. Joanne jumped, and squealed with guilt, and flapped dot of char on the globe of immaculate skin. Corinne continued urgent. Mother a department store; Joanne dabbed some of this on, and in time Corinne, shaken by more and more widely spaced spasms of sobbing, mercifully dragged :

琼恩正以为自己领先了一分呢，忽然间她的公公在拐弯驶向普拉斯基公路时差一点要出车祸；她一惊之下，手里的烟头碰上车座靠背，发烫的烟灰（燃着的

烟灰）落在了婴儿的肚子上。起初的一瞬间谁也没有注意，等到科琳大声哭了起来，大家这才看见有跳蚤那么大的一颗火星儿在那十全十美的肚脐边上闪着亮。琼恩弹（蹦）了起来，满怀罪恶感地尖叫着，又是拍手又是跺脚，把孩子紧紧搂在怀里。然而罪证是无法销毁的了，在白璧无瑕的滚圆的肚皮上，烫出了一粒棕色的圆点。科琳哭得死去活来，不时凄厉地倒抽一口气。这时大家翻钱包，摸衣兜，找凡士林，黄油，牙膏——总之，能当药膏用的就行。母亲拿出一小瓶花露水，是一家百货公司的赠品；琼恩把它轻轻地抹在孩子的伤处上。渐渐地，科琳抽噎的间歇拉长了，又过了一阵，她总算饶了他们，带着伤进入了梦乡。

◇Title of Lesson: Transfer of Word Meaning Week 4

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Acquaint the students with a general idea about of word meaning

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

1．Commendatory sense and derogatory sense

2．Amplification of word meaning

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Representation

Comment on the only be decided in certain context. For example:

1.cover:

a.They laid a stretcher and covered blood.

b.We covered 400km in three election for BBC television.

c.I’m going to the doctor’s tomorrow so do you think you could cover

my shift for me?

d.Will ￡50 cover your expense?

e.Does your travel insurance cover you against the loss or theft of

cash?

f.I think more singers any other son

g.

g.We’ve got all the exits covered, so they’ve got no chance of escape.

Reference Version:

毯子。

a.他们把他放上担架，给他盖上

．．

了血。

b.绷带上浸透

．．

c.三个小时我们赶．了400公里路．。

吗？

d.这些停车限制对本地住户和外来人员同样适用

．．

全苏格兰。

e.新的办事处业务遍及

．．．．

美国大选。

f.她在为英国广播公司的电视台报道

．．

g. 明天我要去看医生，你能替我代班．．

吗？ h. 50英镑够．

你花了吗？ i.

你的旅行保险金能补偿．．你的现金丢失或失窃吗？ j. 我想和其他他歌相比，“Yesterday ”被更多的歌手翻唱．．

过。 k. 我们封锁．．

了所有的出口，使他们插翅难逃。 2. back:

a. She put the saddle on the is backed by the U.N.

Our cat one of you :

a. 她把马鞍放在马背．

上。 b. 她把车子倒．

出窄路。 c. 你会支持．．

我反对其他人吗？ d. 该组织由联合国资助．．

。 e.

我们的猫断了一条后．腿。 f. 你读完杂志后记得放回原处．．．

。 B. Collocation:

Sometimes different Chinese Words should be employed to transfer the

same English word in order to form proper collocation.

e.g. exercise:

exercise options （行使．．

选择权）； exercise monopoly （实施．．垄断）； exercise judgment （作出．．判断）； exercise democracy （实行．．民主）； exercise responsibility （履行．．责任）； exercise influence （施加．．

影响） C. Word Form:

In many cases, different word forms (such as tense, plural form, etc.)

lead to great difference in word meaning. For example:

1) The roofs of this pagoda are constructed of colored glazed tiles of yellows

and greens .

这座宝塔的塔顶是用深浅不同的黄色和绿色．．．．．．．．．．

的琉璃瓦盖成的。 1. 2) She rejected of . 他是位有名望．．

的人。 D. His notoriety as a rake did not come until certain context.

For example:

1. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it .

凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙．．．．

。 2. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately reputation . I believe the

reputation was not deserved.

他是个诚实正直的人，但却不幸有某种坏名声．．．

。我相信他不该有这个坏名声．．．

。 1. The word itself aggressive salesman. 他是个很有进取心干劲．．．．．．

的销售员。

II. Aggressive photographers followed the princess everywhere and flooded the

media with photos of aggressive policy after of Word Meaning （词义的引申）

A. 虚实引申

1. 具体化引申

英语中也用代表抽象概念或属性的词表示具体事物，译成汉语时一

般作具体化引申（concretion) 。

e.g. During the meeting, the Chinese Premier met respectively with ,

British and Japanese counterparts .

会议期间，中国总理．．分别会晤了德国总理．．、英国首相．．和日本国内阁总．．．

理大臣．．．

。

2. 抽象化引申

英语中，特别是现代英语中，常用一个表示具体形象的词来表示一

种属性、一个事物或一种概念。翻译这类词时，一般将词义加以抽象化

引申（abstraction)，使译文流畅、自然。

e.g. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in .”

尤利西斯格兰特将军曾对自己的军事成就作了如下评价：“事实上，我认

为自己是个动词．．（独立而富于行动．．．．．．．）；而不是个人称代词．．．．（从属而被动．．．．．

）。” e.g. U.S. influence and prestige nosedived in Africa

美国在非洲的影响和声望急剧下降．．．．

。 B. 逻辑引申

e.g. Really, though, the books were about money – who keep the butcher waiting .

实际上，这些书与金钱息息相关——谁得到了它，把它藏到哪儿，一身衣．．．

服要多少钱，你能在肉贩那儿赊多久的帐．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

。 III. Homework

Find the different meaning of the single form and plural form of the following words:

art

美术，艺术；技术 arts

人文科学，文科 chain

链条；连锁店 chains 枷锁，镣铐

charity 救济金；施舍物；宽大

charities 慈善机构

cord （细）绳

cords 灯心绒裤

damage 损害

damages 损害赔偿费expectation 期待，预期expectations 前程，成功的前景地平线

批准，认可sanctions 国际制裁

◇Title of Lesson: Converting Week 5 ◇Time Needed ：Two periods （40 minutes per period ）

◇Teaching Objectives ：

Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: converting. ◇Key Teaching Points ：

1． Converting into verbs

2． Converting into nouns

3． Converting into adjectives

4． Converting into adverbs

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

1． Converting into verbs

2． Converting into nouns

◇Teaching Contents:

Owing to the different thinking styles and language the Israeli withdrawal from West Bank and Gaza Strip.

1967年联合国文件要求以色列从约旦河西岸和加沙地带撤军．．以解决．．

中东冲突。

1. Nouns containing verbal sense （含有动作意思的名词）

e.g. A look at ; sometimes they embody a verbal sense instead. These nouns are often converted into verbs during translating, especially when they do not your class are good singers .

你们班上有些人歌唱．

得很好。 Nouns as the principle part of a fixed expression （作为习语主体的名词）e.g. Shall we of . 他没提到他辞职．．

的事。 A. Prepositions Converted into Verbs