2017年电大《商法形成性考核册》参考答案

2017年电大《商法形成性考核册》参考答案
2017年电大《商法形成性考核册》参考答案

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《商法形成性考核册》参考答案

作业1

一、单项选择

1-5 D D C C B 6-10 A D B B B

二、多项选择

1 ACD

2 ABCD

3 BCD

4 CD

5 BC

6 ABC

7 ABD

8 ABC

9 ABC 10 ABC

三、名词解释

1.累积股票制:指股东大会选举懂事或者监事时每一股份拥有与应选董事或者监事人数相同的表决权, 股东拥有表决权可以集中使用.

2.后头背书:又称还原背书或送背书,系以汇票上已有的债务人为被背书人所为的背书.

3.破产申请:破产申请人请求法院受理破产案件的意思表示.

4.股票:股份有限公司发行的,表示股东按其持有的股份数额享受利益盒承担义务的书面凭证.

四、回答题

合伙人有下列情形之一的,当然退伙:

(一)作为合伙人的自然人死亡或者被依法宣告死亡;

(二)个人丧失偿债能力;

(三)作为合伙人的法人或者其他组织依法被吊销营业执照、责令关闭撤销,或者被宣告破产;

(四)法律规定或者合伙协议约定合伙人必须具有相关资格而丧失该资格;(五)合伙人在合伙企业中的全部财产份额被人民法院强制执行。

合伙人被依法认定为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的,经其他合伙人一致同意,可以依法转为有限合伙人,普通合伙企业依法转为有限合伙企业。其他合伙人未能一致同意的,该无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的合伙人退伙。

退伙事由实际发生之日为退伙生效日。

五.案例题

答:(1).向其直接前手行使追索权,或依票据法的规定提起诉讼。(2).正确。依照《票据法》第二十七条的规定,票据的出票人在票据上记载“不得转让”字样,票据持有人背书转让的,背书行为无效。背书转让后的受让人不得享有票据权利,票据的出票人、承兑人对受让人不承担票据责任。(3).由于票据上记载不得背书转让,所以服装厂不能行使提示付款权。其追索权的行使也有一定限制。票据法规定,记载有不得背书转让字样的票据,被背书人继续转让的,其后手不得向背书人追索。(4).复兴有限公司在转让票据后,负有保证票据到期能够得到付款的责任,在票据不能得到付款时,应承担连带债务人的责任。不夜城公司须对此票据承担付款的责任。(5).《票据法》规定:出票人在汇票上记载“不得转让”字样的汇票不得转让。复兴有限公司不能将此票据转让给不夜城公司。不夜城公司不能将此票据转让给服装厂。

作业2

一、单项选择

1-5 C C C D C 6-10 C C C B A

二、多项选择

1 AB

2 ABC

3 ABC

4 ABD

5 BCD

6 ABCD

7 ABC

8 ABC

9 ABC 10 ABC

三、名词解释

1.证券期权交易是当事人为获得证券市场价格波动带来的利益,约定在一定时间内,以特定价格买进或卖出指定证券,或者放弃买进或卖出指定证券的交易。

2 .合伙企业分支机构:是指合伙企业在自身营业场所以外设立的,以合伙企业的财产从事本企业核定经营范围内的业务活动的,从属于合伙企业的经营机构

3 公司债券:是指股份有限公司和有限责任公司依照证券法等法律规定的条件和程序发行的,具有固定面值、偿还期限和利率,承诺期限届满时无条件偿付本金和利息给持券人的一种有价证券,对发行人而言公司债券是融资工具,对购买人而言是投资工具。

4.保险违约责任:是指投保人,被保险人,受益人和保险人因自己的过错致使不能履行或不能完全履行保险合同义务时应承担的法律责任,主要是财产方

四、回答题

什么是票据抗辩?试述票据抗辩与民法上抗辩的异同。

答:票据抗辩,是指票据债务人根据票据法的规定对票据债权人拒绝履行义务的行为。

票据抗辩与民法上的抗辩既有差异又有相通之处。票据抗辩与民法上抗辩的区别,从原理上讲表现为以下两点:①是否包括否认请求人的权利在内。民法上的抗辩权仅是对相对人请求权的行使予以对抗,并非彻底否认请求权的存在,例如时效消灭抗辩权;而票据抗辩不仅是对票据债权人请求权的以抗,而且包括了根本否认请求人享有票据权利的抗辩,如票据绝对应记载事项欠缺而绝对无效的抗辩。②是否可以延续抗辩。民法—亡的抗辩具有延续性,即使债权转让,债务人对原债权人的抗辩对新债权人仍然有效,并随债本身而始终存在;而票据抗辩因票据为流通证券且为无因证券,故不具有延续性的特点,创造了在流通中保障票据债务履行性的票据抗辩限制原理。票据抗辩和民法上的抗辩又具有相通之处:票据法为民事特别法,民法为一般民事法,票据法中对票据抗辩有特别规定的,优先适用票据法,但如票据法无特别规定,则仍适用民法关于债的抗辩的原理及规定。例如,在以基础关系为依据的票据抗辩中,基础关系抗辩即应适用民法抗辩的规定及原理。

五、案例题

答:1、应该支持 2、不夜城800万 A公司160万 B公司80万常40万 3、不符合规定,因为单独或者合计持有公司3%以上股份的股东有临时提案权 4、董事会应在董事辞职后2个月内召开临时股东大会;在大会召开前30日通知全体股东;德毅章有提出临时提案的权利。5、不夜城股份有限公司有权收回本公司股份,因为符合公司法相关规定;本案中不夜城股份有限公司用于奖励公司员工的股票应当1年内转让给职工,不得自己持有。

作业3

一、单项选择

1-5 D B A D C 6-10 B B B B A

二、多项选择

1 ACD

2 ABCD

3 ABCD

4 BC

5 BD

6 ACD

7 ABCD

8 ABCD

9 ABC 10 ABCD

三、名词解释

1. 再保险:保险公司将其所承担的保险责任的一部分或全部份分散其他保险公司的保险业务

2. 公司的实际控制人:是指虽不是公司的股东,但通过投资关系、协议或者其他安排,能够实际支配公司行为的人。

3 .告知义务:指在保险合同订立时,投保人应将与保险标的有关的重要情况,如实向保险公司陈述、申报或声明的义务。

4.合伙企业分支机构:指合伙人在自身营业场所外设立的,以合伙企业的财产从事本企业核定经营范围内的内务活动的,从属合伙企业的经营机构.

四、回答题

企业破产财产清偿顺序

条破产财产优先拨付破产费用后,按照下列顺序清偿:

(一)破产企业所欠职工工资和劳动保险费用;

(二)破产企业所欠税款;

(三)破产债权。

破产财产不足清偿同一顺序的清偿要求的,按照比例分配。

五、案例题

1、该合伙取名为‘三义合’不合法,因为其名称容易让人产生歧义。

2、合同有效,因为该抵押虽然未办理登记,只是不发生物权效力,但是不影响合同有效。

3、丙与丁签定的合同有效,因为合伙企业内部约定不得对抗善意第三人。

4、戊对于企业应当承担责任。因为戊入伙时经过全体合伙人一致同意。成为合法的合伙人,当企业产生债务时,应当由全体合伙人共同承担连带责任。

作业4

一、单项选择

1-5 A C B B B

二、多项选择

1 ACD

2 ABC

3 BCD

4 ACD

5 ABC

三、名词解释

1. 特殊普通合伙企业 :指合伙企业的一个合伙人或者数个合伙人在执业活动中因故意或重大过失造成合伙企业债务的,应当承担无限责任或无限连带责任,其他合伙人以其在合伙企业中的财产份额为限承担责任;合伙人在执业活动中非故意或者重大过失造成的合伙企业债务以及合伙企业的其他债务,由全体合伙人承担无限连带责任。

2. 期后背书 : 是在票据被拒绝承兑、被拒绝付款或者超过付款提示期限以后,所进行的背书。该种背书又称为受阻背书

3.合伙企业:与独资公司相对,由两个或两个以上的自然人通过订立合伙协议,共同出资经营、共负盈亏、共担风险的企业组织形式。我国合伙组织形式仅属限于私营企业。

4.保险合同:投保人与保险人约定保险权利义务关系的协议

四、问答题

什么是上市公司的要约收购?

要约收购,是收购人向被收购的上市公司发出收购的意思表示,待被收购上市公司发出承诺后,方可实行收购行为。但是,《证券法》指出,收购人在发出收购要约之前,必须事先向国务院证券监督管理机构报送上市公司的收购报告,并载明以下事项。

一、收购人的名称、住所;

二、收购人关于收购的决定;

三、被收购的上市公司的名称;

四、收购的目的;

五、收购股份的详细名称和预定收购的股份数额;

六、收购的期限、收购的价格;

七、收购所需的资金额及资金保证;

八、报送上市公司收购报告书时所持有的被收购公司股份数占该公司已发行的股份总数的比例。

收购人还应当将公司收购报告书提交证券交易所。

收购人的收购要约应予以公告,公告应在报送上市公司收购报告之日起十五日后进行,公告的期限不得少于三十日,并不得超过六十日。

收购要约公告后,在有效期限内,收购人不得撤回收购要约。如有修改,需先向国务院证券监督管理机构及证券交易所提出报告,待批准后再予以公告。

五、案例题

1、根据票据无因性,银行应当支付,票据无因性原则是说银行在付款时,票据如果具备票据法上的条件,票据权利就成立,不追究其取得原因。

2、银行不应该支付,因为甲拾取本票未支付相应的对价,应为非法所得,然后将其送给女友乙系赠与,乙也未支付相应的对价,根据票据法银行不得支付。

3、应当,因为虽然具有无因性原则,但其未支付相应对价,银行不可支付。

六、专题讨论

我国公司法立法之改革的看法

看法一:

一、强化公司社会责任,完善保护公司利益的司法救济机制公司的社会责任意味着重新定义公司的目标,除了利润最大化外还要加入社会价值,即公司还应承担一定的社会责任。“传统公司自治的实质是建立在个人本位基础上的形式上的股东自治。现代公司自治的实质是以社会责任为基础,建立在法律合理干预股东自治的法人自治。”中国加入WTO后,作为采取积极应对态度的公司立法,不应单纯追求对WTO的回应,它也应是经济发展中商主体权利丰富和发展的自然反映。中国经济要保证可持续发展,必须对环境利益以及本土相关利益予以相应的关注

和保护。在公司法中设立公司社会责任的一般性条款,对适应公司作为社会组织的特点和平衡竞争与发展关系都有十分重要的意义。二、健全公司法人治理结构,强化对经营者的激励机制不仅要在宏观上致力于市场经济体系的建立和发展,而且微观上也需努力培养公司的竞争力。公司治理结构的完善不仅能为公司建立良好的治理机制提供帮助、指导,同时也有利于股东、证券市场和其他利益相关者评价公司业绩,以提高中国在国际上的投资公信力。公司治理结构是一套制度安排,用来支配若干在企业中有重大利益关系的团体,包括投资者、经营者、监督者、职工,并从这种制度安排中实现。三、注重公司法与相关法的协调配合,建立公司法与相关法的互动机制我国公司法的修改不能简单地把思路局限于公司具体制度的完善上,而应该把公司法的修改放在现有公司法制资源的大环境下进行配套性回应。比如,公司薪酬制度中股票期权制度。合理的股票期权制度要以健全的证券市场的存在为前提。股票期权是由证券市场对上市公司经理人员业绩的度量作用引申出来的。他们的实际业绩即使运用一套繁琐的指标也难以准确地加以度量。然而一个有效的股票市场,却可以通过能够反映公司基本面状况的股票价格的升降折射出经理人员工作的努力程度及其成效。由此可见,尽管目前我国公司法修改中所讨论的股票期权制以及上文提及的独立董事制都是一种有效制度,但是它们的应用是有条件的。

看法二:

降低公司的运营成本。

1、降低注册资本的最低限额。现行公司法规定的有限责任公司和股份有限公司的注册的资本最低限额普遍高于其他国家和地区。过高的注册资本的最低限额不利于调动出资人的积极性,并且有可能在一定程度是不利于外资的进入。因此,注册资本最低额的限制应根据公司的经营方式的不同而灵活的掌握。

2、减少制度规则为公司设立增加的成本。为了简化投资设立的手续,我国公司法的改革应确认公司设立的准则主义,即公司依公司法所规定的条件在工商行政机关注册登记而成立。以前公司的设立方式有特许主义,行政许可主义,通过这两种方式设立的公司都需要政府的审查。公司设立依准则主义并不是排斥政府的一切审查,它只是要废除政府主管部门对公司法人成立的审批,而不是废除公司登记机关的审查。公司实行准则主义设立的方式是在纠正市场准入的限制的竞争中向前迈进了一步,提高公司的透明度,减少了不必要的成本。

不断改进和完善公司治理,降低公司的经营风险。

公司治理是指所有者,主要是股东对经营者的一种监督和制衡机制,即通过一种制度安排来合理地配置所有者与经营者之间的权利与责任关系。公司治理的目标是保证股东利益的最大化,防止经营者对所有者利益的背离,其主要特点是对股东、董事会、监事会及管理层所构成的公司治理结构的内部治理。

看法三:

1、健全股东大会制度,落实股东大会作为权力机构的法律地位。股东大会是股东行使监督权、表决权和知情权等一系列权利的重要平台。在中国,股东大会只是具有形式上的权利并无实际上的权利,有些公司的股东大会被大股东操纵控制,而有些股东大会议事程序不规范。因此,在公司法的改革中,应在健全股东会的具体规则上加以详细的规定,确保股东大会及时、顺利地召开,使有表决权的股东能够按自己的内心真意行使表决权,保护股东合法的权益,推进股东大会运转的科学性和民主性。

2、完善董事会制度。董事会是一个通过召开会议集体行使表决职权的机关。一般情况下,董事会是由若干董事组成,通过董事行使表决权来做出决定。不同的董事会制度对董事会

的独立性及科学的决策的公正性、合理性的影响很大。因此构建一套合理的董事制度对完善公司治理至关重要。

其一,设立专门委员会。完善董事会制度应从董事会的组织机构入手,保证董事会有一定的独立性,避免董事会成为大股东操纵公司的工具。目前,外国公司董事会制度就是在董事会下设立各专门委员会,以保证董事会能做出独立、合理公正的决议。

其二,完善董事会的动作机制。健全的公司组织机构是完善董事会制度的前提,但是公司机构的有效运作是实现组织机构设置的目的,保障董事会能够对公司的经营、市场的变化做出迅速的反应,并且能迅速化解经营中出现的风险。它主要包括董事会权力的完善,议事方式和表决程序的完善及对董事会会议瑕疵救济的完善。首先,董事会的权力是私法上权力,不同于公法上的行政权力,它是一种私法自治的扩张和补充。董事会实际上代行着公司的权力。其次,从董事会的议事方式和表决程序是上看,董事会的会议频率应合理化,而不用强制的法律条文加以规定。同时,为了避免董事会成为某些人争权夺利的工具,董事会必须牢牢掌握会议议程,如明确会议前的准备工作,完善并严格遵守董事会会议召集程序,而不能任凭经营者操纵董事会会。

3、有效发挥监事会的监督职能,是保证公司治理中权力制衡机制的重要方面。在我国,监事会职能虚化的现象十分严重,上市公司出现了内部人控制,大股东侵害小股东的利益,公司股东利用职权进行违规的关联交易或对披露的财务报表造假等一系列问题。其中一个重要原因就是我国的上市公司监事会监督不力,也因此引发了社会经济问题。首先,法律规则没有完全体现监事会制度的本意,权限不完备、手段缺乏、义务不充分。其次,信息严重不对称导致监事会无法监督。公司的信息最容易被接近信息的执行业务的董事,经理层独占,监事会完全依靠经理层提供的信息进行监督,或根本得不到应有的信息而无法行使监督权。因此,保持独立性是监事会有效履行监督权的根本前提,而且监事会要形成激励约束机制,强化监督会的责任,保障监事会责、权、利之间相互协调,才能充分发挥监事的积极性,确保监事会的监督作用。

4.不与WTO 规则相悖。

为更好地与国际上各国及WTO规则的顺利接轨,我国应在公司法改革中实现外商投资企业与公司法的并轨,赋予外商投资企业国民待遇。我国从1979年陆续制定了三部外商投资企业立法,这三部外商投资企业立法对于吸引和规范外商投资企业的设立与经营管理发挥了重要作用。但是随着我国加入世贸组织,这三部法律已不在符合国际的公司治理结构,也大大落后于中国现行公司立法。为了鼓励外商投资,应尽快废止这三部外资企业立法,实现外资立法与公司法的并轨。

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