中考英语之动词的分类详解及练习_(2)

中考英语之动词的分类详解及练习_(2)
中考英语之动词的分类详解及练习_(2)

动词的分类

课标解读

内容解读

动词的语法现象非常复杂,难度较大,是中考重点考查的内容之一。了解动词的分类及各自的语法功能,要特别注意动词的语法意义,不同词形和固定搭配。

能力解读

能正确运用各种动词,如:系表结构,及物动词和不及物动词的区别,助动词和情态动词后面要加具有实际意义的动词等。

命题趋势

预计2011年考查的重点将集中于动词词义的辨析,情态动词表推测,以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答与否定回答以及系表结构。

教学目标

一、知识目标

1 掌握动词的分类及各自的语法功能,特别要注意动词的语法意义,不同词性和固定搭配。

二、能力目标

1 培养学生对动词的基本

2 能根据真实的语言材料辨析易混动词及词组的用法。

重点难点

1含情态动词的一般疑问句的肯定回答与否定回答

2感官动词的用法

知识清单

一、动词的分类和形式:

动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。

(1)动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为:“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种

(2)动词的5种基本形式:动词原形、动词的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。

(3)动词按其不同的特征可以分为:实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。注意:1)实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词;2)连系动词有两种:一种表特征或状态,另一种表状态变化过程。

2短语动词

常用动词短语分类归纳

(一)、动词+介词

1.agree with同意……意见;符合;一致

2.ask for请求;询问

3.arrive at/in到达

4.begin with以……开始

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e33250172.html,e from来自

6.feel like想要

7.fall behind落在……后面

8.fall off掉下

9.get to到达

10.get on上(车)

11.get off下来;从……下来

12.hear of听说

13.knock at/on敲(门、窗等)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e33250172.html,ugh at嘲笑

15.look at看

16.look after照看

17.listen to听

18.look for寻找

19.quarrel with吵架

20.stop...from阻止……做……

21.wait for等候

(二)、动词+副词

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e33250172.html,e out出来;花开

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e33250172.html,e over顺便来访;过来

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e33250172.html,e along来;随同

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e33250172.html,e in进来

5.eat up吃光

6.fall down倒下;跌倒

7.find out找出;查明

8.go back回去

9.go on继续

10.go out外出

11.get back回来;取回12.grow up长大;成长

13.get up起床

14.go home回家

15.hurry up赶快

16.hold on不挂断;等一等

17.look out留神;注意

18.look over检查

19.look up向上看;查阅

20.move away搬走

21.put on穿上;上演

22.pass on传递

23.run away逃跑

24.ring up打电话

25.set off出发;动身

26.throw out乱丢;抛散

27.turn on打开

28.turn off关

29.take out取出

30.trip over绊倒

31.turn...over把……翻过来

32.write down写下;记下

33.wake up醒来

34.work out算出;解出

(三)、动词+副词+介词

1.be fed up with厌倦

2.catch up with赶上

3.go on with继续

4.get on with与……相处

5.pull...up from把……从……中拉出来(四)、动词+名词+介词

1.take care of照料;照顾

2.make room for给……腾出地方

3.make friends with与……交朋友

4.play a joke on戏弄某人

5.have a look at看一看

6.have a drink of喝一点

7.say goodbye to告别;告辞(五)、动词+形容词+介词

1.be late for迟到

2.be angry with生气

3.be busy with忙于

4.be short for是……的简称

5.be interested in对……感兴趣

6.be famous for因……而着名

7.be good at擅长

8.be different from与……不同

9.be good/bad for对……有益/害

10.be friendly to对……友好

(一)实义动词

1.及物动词和不及物动词

实义动词是表示行为、动作或状态的词,能独立作谓语。按其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词的后面要跟上名词或代词等作它的宾语,可以分为三类:

1)vt.+宾语

Eg .1.In fact, my sister doesn’t like the pet dsg..

2. Yang Lin is watching TV.

3. You will see a lot of information about that place on your screen.

2)vt.+间接宾语(sth)+直接宾语(sb.)

Eg. 1.--- could you bring me some water?

2. My father is making me a kite .

3) vt.+宾语+宾语补足语

Eg. 1. The students consider Mrs Gu the best teacher.

2. His jokes made us happy.

不及物动词后面一定不能直接跟宾语,后面可以跟上一个介词,构成一个动词短语,然后可以跟上介词的宾语。

Eg . 1. I lived in the country with my parents two years ago.

2. We always walked to school together in the morning.

[难点解释]

许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。

Eg .1. Who is going to speak at the meeting?(谁打算在会上发言?)vi.

2.Few people outside China speak Chinese.(在中国外很少人讲汉语。)vt

(二)连系动词

连系动词本身有词义,但不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,说明主语的状态、特征、性质或身份。

连系动词可具体分为三类:

1、be动词

be是一个多功能动词,在初级英语里可见四种用法:

功能一,系动词be

be为连系动词,中心词义是"是",句型为"主+系+表"结构。be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式);was, were(过去式);will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词+原形);have/has/had been(助动词+过去分词)等。如:

Beijing is the capital of China. (一般现在时)

The twins were very busy yesterday. (一般过去时)

It will be sunny tomorrow. (一般将来时)

She has been ill for over a week. (现在完成时)

功能二,助动词be

助动词be,无词义,辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下:

①. be+doing:构成进行时态,有现在和过去两种进行时态。如:

The girls is reading and copying the new words now.

Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.

②. be + done:构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者,done必须是及物动词)。如:

Tea is grown in my hometown. (一般现在时的被动语态)

This building was built three years ago. (一般过去时的被动语态)

③. be+going to do,表示"打算或将要做某事",be有现在和过去两种形式。如:

We are going to plant trees in the park. (一般将来时)

I didn't know if she was going to come here. (过去将来时)

④. be+to do,表示"按计划安排将要做某事"。如:

The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.

One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.

功能三,there be

there be句式为:there be+主语部分+状语部分,表示"某处存在某物",be常用现在时,过去时和将来时等。如:

There are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.

There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.

Will there be a football match in your school next week?

功能四,实义be

可以将be视为实义动词,因为它具有实际的词义,如"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达"等。如:His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.

Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.

Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.

2、感官动词

表示―感觉‖的词,如look(看起来),seem(看起来似乎),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等,例如:

She looked tired.(她看上去很疲劳。)

I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。)

Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。)

The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)

The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)

The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)

3、表示“变”、“变成”的词

become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为―变‖、―变得‖,例如:

She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。)

He feels sick. His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)

The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.

(春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。)

He grew old.(他老了。)

(三)情态动词

can

1、表示能力,例如:

I can speak a little Japanese.(我会说一点儿日语。)

She couldn’t speak Chinese when she came to our school last month.(上月她来我校时还不会说中文。)

be able to代替can, 也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could), 而be able to则有更多的时态形式,例如:

You will be able to talk with the foreign teacher in English next week.(下星期你将能与外国老师用英语交谈了。)

My little brother has been able to write.(我的小弟弟已会写字了。)

2、表示允许,准许,这时can与may可以互换,例如:

Can/May I brother your bike tomorrow?

Yes, of course. You can/may use my bike tomorrow.(明天我可以借你的自行车吗?当然可以。明天你可以用我的自行车。)

Y ou can’t smoke here.(你不可以在这儿抽烟。)

3、表示客观可能性,用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的怀疑、猜测或不肯定。例如:He cannot/can’t be there.(他不可能在那儿。)

Can this news be true ? (这消息可能直实吗?)

could

could是can的过去式,在口语中经常代替can,表示非常委婉的请求。这时could和can没有时间上的差别。例如:

Could/Can you tell me if he will go tomorrow?(你能告诉我他明天是否去吗?)

Could/Can I ask you something if you are not busy?(如果您不太忙,我能否问您一些事情?)Could/Can you show me the way to the nearest hospital?(您能给我指一下去最近的医院的路吗?)

以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定和否定回答分别用can, can’t

may

1、表示―准许‖和―许可‖,这时可与can替换。例如:

May (can) I use your dictionary for a moment?(我可以借你的字典用一下吗?)

---May I take these magazines out of the reading room?

---No, you mustn’t.(我可以把这些杂志带出阅览室吗?不,不行。)

2、表示说话人的猜测,认为某事―可能‖发生,常用于肯定句。例如:

Where’s John? He may be at the library.(约翰在哪儿?他可能在图书馆。)

以上例子中的may be是情态动词may加be, 与maybe完全不同。后者是副词,解释为“或许”。例如:

He may be at home.(他可能在家。)

Maybe he is at home.(或许他在家。)

3、在用may提问时,否定回答常用mustn’t表示―不行‖、―不可以‖。例如:

---May I go now?

--- No, you mustn’t. (我可以走了吗?不,不可以。)

might

might除表示may的过去式外,在口语中还常代替may, 表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可能性较小。这时might和may没有时间上的差异。例如:Might (May) I speak to you for a few

minutes?(我现在可以与你谈几分钟话吗?)

Might I have a photo of your family?(我可以要一张你们的合家照吗?)

must

1、must表示说话人的主观意志,表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过去式同形。例如:

I must go to school today.(今天我必须上学去。)

He told me I mustn’t leave until my mother came.(他告诉我,在我母亲回来之前我不许离开。)2、must表示推测,―一定是‖、―准是‖,一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can, can’t表示―不可能‖。在否定句中mustn’t 表示禁止。例如:

They must be very tired. Let them have a rest.(他们一定是非常疲劳了。让他们休息一会儿吧。)Jack doesn’t look well. He must be ill.(杰克看上去气色不太好。他一定是病了。)

3、以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must;否定回答则常用n eedn’t,意为―不需要,不必‖,相当于don’t have to.

Eg. ---Must I finish the work today?---No, you needn’t.

need

need(需要)既可作情态动词,又可作行为动词。

1、need作情态动词时,只用于否定句或疑问句,无形态变化。例如:

You needn't do it again.你不需要再做了。

He needn't worry about it.这件事他无需担心。

Need he do this homework first?他需要先做这些作业吗?

Need they fill in the form?他们需要填表吗?

2、“need”作为实义动词时,通常用法是:

人+need +to do

物+need +doing = 物+need +to be done

另外,“need”后还可以直接跟名词。请看下面的例子:

We need to collect the parcel before we leave for England.

去英国之前,我们需要收拾好行李。

We need to tell him the truth.我们需要告诉他真相。

My car needs repairing.我的汽车需要修理。

The flowers need watering.这些花需要浇水。

His leather shoes needs to be mended.他的皮鞋需要修补。

ought to和should

ought to和should作情态度动词用,都是―应该‖、―应当‖的意思。

ought to语气较强,指客观上有责任、有义务去做某事,或按观念和道理也应对某事负责。should指主观上认为有责任和义务去做,但语意不如ought to强。例如:

You ought to respect your teachers.(你们应该尊敬你们的老师。)

We should be careful of others’ feelings.(我们应该尊重别人的感情。)

相当于情态动词的几个固定词组

还有以下固定词组,也起着与情态动词一样的作用:had better…(最好……),Shall I(we)…?(我/我们可以这样做吗?)would like(非常想),Will/Would you (please)…?(请你……吗?)used to(过去常常)。例如:

It’s late. You’d better go and lood for him.(太迟了。你最好去找他。)

You’d better not read books in poor light.(你最好不要在微弱的灯光下看书。)

Shall we start the meeting at once?(我们立即开会好吗?)

Will you get me some chalk?(你拿些粉笔给我好吗?)

Would you like some bananas?(来点香蕉好吗?)

(四)助动词

这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,必须与其它的动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有:be, have, has, had , do, does , did , will 和shall等

1.助动词be(am, is , are , was , were)

(1) ―助动词be + 现在分词‖构成进行时

Eg.The students are having an English class.

They asked me what I was doing at that time of yesterday.

(2)―助动词be + 过去分词‖构成被动语态

A big library is being built in our school .

Something has been done to protect the environment .

2. ―助动词have(has ,had)+过去分词‖构成完成时态

Eg. They have learned more than two thousand English words so far .

Great changes have taken place during the past ten years.

3. 助动词do用于构成否定句、疑问句、倒装句、加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等

Eg. ---Do you live in Nanjing? ---Yes , I do.

They didn’t go to the park last Sunday .

I do finish my homework.

4. 助动词will和shall用于构成将来时(shall仅用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称)Eg. There will be more trees in one hundred years.

I shall be forty next year.

易混点清单

1注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,又可以作为连系动词。

1)look看;看起来

He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词

It looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词

2)feel摸;感觉

I felt someone touch my arm.(我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词

Are you feeling better today than before?(你今天比以前感到好些了吗?)连系动词

3)smell嗅;闻起来

My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.(我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行为动词

Great! The flowers smell nice.(这些花闻起来多香啊!)连系动词

4)sound弄响,发音;听起来

The letter ―h‖ in hour is not sounded.(在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。)行为动词

The gun sounded much closer.(枪声听起来更近了。)连系动词

5)taste辨味;尝起来

Please taste the soup.(请尝一口汤。)行为动词

The soup tastes terrible.(这汤尝起来味道太差了。)连系动词

6)get得到,获得;变

There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.(桌上有些香蕉,你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词

The weather gets warmer in spring .(春天,天气变暖了。)

7)grow生长,种植;变

Do you grow rice in your country?(你们的国家种水稻吗?)行为动词

It’s too late. It’s growing dark.(太迟了,天渐渐变暗了。)连系动词

8)turn转动,翻动,使变得;变

The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)行为动词

When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.(春天来了,树叶变绿了,花儿开了。)连系动词

9) keep 保留,借;保持

How long could I keep the book?(这本书我可以借多久?) 行为动词

It’s cold outside .Please put on more clothes to keep warm. (外面很冷。请多穿点衣服来保暖.)连系动词

上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等,既可以作连系动词,又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。例如:

The trees turn/are green when spring comes.(春天来临,树叶变绿。)

The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)

这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词,意为―转动‖。无法以is替换。

2 have to 与must

1)have to表示―必须‖、―不得不‖,它不仅能代替must, 用于现在时和过去时以外的其他时态,强调客观上的需要。例如:

If we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home.(如果我们末班车,我们将不得不走回家。)The ship started to go down slowly. We must leave the ship.(船慢慢地开始下沉了。我们必须离开这船。)

2)在回答must的疑问句时,否定回答常用needn’t表示―不必‖,例如:

--- Must I return this book to you in two weeks?(这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗?)

---Yes, you must.(是的。)/ No, you needn’t.(不,不必了。)

3 be able to 与can

be able to代替can, 也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could), 而be able to则有更多的时态形式,例如:

You will be able to talk with the foreign teacher in English next week.(下星期你将能与外国老师用英语交谈了。)

My little brother has been able to write.(我的小弟弟已会写字了。)

两年模拟题组

2009全国模拟题组

( ) 1.(2009·湖北武汉)

—I thought you had English.

—No. It has been useful in my work.

A. studied

B. dropped

C. failed

D. passed

【答案】 B drop 意为“放弃”相当于give up

( ) 2.(2009·河北)

Sally, ______ your sunglasses. The sun is so bright.

A. put on

B. put up

C. put away

D. put down

【答案】A put on 意为“穿上;戴上”根据句意:戴上你的眼镜,太阳光很强烈。

( ) 3.(2009·河北)

Helen loves to talk about travel. She ______ many places.

A. has gone to

B. has been to

C. has gone for

D. has been from

【答案】B have / has beet to 意为“去过某地”

( ) 4.(2009·山东威海)

---May I borrow your camera?

---Of course. You can ______ it for 2 or 3 days.

A. borrow

B. lend

C. receive

D. use

【答案】D borrow 表“借”时是一个非延续性动词,不能与时间段连用。use 则是一个延续性动词。

( ) 5.(2009·山东威海)

______ your coat, Emily. It’s warm enough in the room.

A. Take off

B. Try on

C. Put on

D. Turn off

【答案】A take off 意为“脱下”符合题意

( ) 6.(2009·山东威海)

---Do you like playing computer games?

---No, but I ______ .

A. used to

B. didn’t

C. do

D. don’t

【答案】A 此处用used to 表示“过去喜欢”

( )7.(2009·山东烟台)

We are sure that scientists will ______ a way to solve the difficult problem.

A. put up

B. come up with

C. look up

D. come up

【答案】B 题意:我们相信科学家会想出解决那个难题的办法。come up with 意为“想出”( ) 8.(2009·四川成都)

---Are your shoes expensive?

---No, I only ______ five dollars on them..

A. used

B. cost

C. spent

【答案】C spend time /money on sth 表示“在------上花费时间或金钱”

( ) 9.(2009·江西)

Don’t do any other things while you are doing your homework. So please _____ your MP3

A. turn up

B. turn down

C. turn on

D. turn off

【答案】 D 本题考查四个词组在词义上的区分,turn on“打开”turn off“关闭”turnup “把(声音)调高”turn down“把(声音)调低”

( ) 10.(2009·江西)

Go along the street. The museum is just on your right. You can’t ______ it.

A. make

B. find

C. miss

D. fail

【答案】 C 题意:沿着这条街向前走,博物馆就在你的右边,你不会错过的。miss 在此处意为“错过”

( )11.(2009·湖北宜昌)

---Could you come to the party this weekend?

---I’m afraid I can’t join you. I___________ look after my grandma.

A. used to

B. have to

C. prefer to

D. belong to

【答案】B 用have to 表示客观上必须,不得不

( ) 12.(2009·湖南娄底)

—My spoken English is poor, what shall I do?

—Join an English language club to practice,you’ll it?

A. be good at

B. drop in

C. deal with

【答案】A本题考查三个词组的词义辨析,be good at 表示“擅长”drop in 意为“顺便或偶然到访(某人或某地)”deal with 则表示“应付;处理”,根据题意只有选项A正确。( ) 13.(2009·江苏宿迁)

–Would you please________ your storybook________ me?

–Sure, But you must return it to me before Wednesday.

A. borrow; to

B. keep; for

C. lend; to

D. buy; for

【答案】C 动词borrow 通常与介词from 连用,表示“从----借”lend sth to sb 在表示“把某物借给某人”

( ) 14.(2009·山西)

---When did your uncle ______ in Shanghai?

---The day before yesterday.

A. arrive

B. get

C. reach

【答案】 A 本题考查三个表示“到达”的同义词:get , reach和arrive。arrive 是不及物动词,后必须加介词才能接宾语.,arrive at 加小地点,.arrive in 加大地点,.get 后加to 然后加宾语.,reach 后直接加宾语.

( ) 15(2009·江苏无锡)

It will _______ us several years to learn a foreign language well.

A. cost

B. take

C. spend

D. use

【答案】 B 本题考查词义辨析,spend,cost,take和pay的区别是历年中考试题的必考内容之一,虽然它们都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。(2) spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,take后面常跟双宾语,It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。

2010年全国模拟题组

1.【2010宁夏平罗】—________ you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the phone number. —Sure. Here it is.

A. Can

B. Need

C. Might

D. Must

【答案】A由题干可知,本句表示请求、许可。

2.【2010广西南宁】—May I go to the cinema, mum?

—Certainly, but you ________ be back by 11 o’clock.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

【答案】C由题意可知,此处并非表推测的用法,而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求,故选C, 意为― 必须‖。

3. 【2010山东济宁】You ______ get there by bus.

A. don’t need

B. needn’t to

C. don’t need to

D. need don’t to

【答案】C 由选项A 可知need 为实义动词,故应加上to 才正确。选项B needn’t为情态动词,应去掉to,故选C.

4. 【2010广西柳州】You _______ worry about me. It’s n othing serious.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. won’t

【答案】C 由题干It’s nothing serious 可推断,第一句意为―你不必为我担心‖,故选C。本题易错选B, mustn’t 意为―禁止‖,故不正确。

5. 【2010广西南宁】—Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please?

—Sorry, I’m not sure . But it _______ be.

A might

B can

C must

D can’t

【答案】A考查情态动词might 表推测的用法。―I’m not sure‖ 说明说话者的语气并不肯定,所以要用might。

6. 【2010浙江】The man in the office___be Mr. Black because he went home just now.

A.mustn’t

B.may not

C.can’t

D.needn’t

【答案】C 由下文he went home just now 可知,作者判断办公室里那个人(不可能是Mr. Black 。mustn’t 意为―千万别‖,may 表推测通常用在肯定句中,needn’t意为―不必‖。can’t 意为不可能,故选C。

7. 【2010四川成都】---Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?

---I’d like to , but I __ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.

A.need

B.must

C.have to

D.should

【答案】C 由题干my mother is ill 为客观要求可知,选C.

8. 【2010江苏盐城】----May I take this book out of the reading room?

------______. Please read it here.

A. Certainly

B.No, you needn’t

C.No, you mustn’t

D.No, you may not

【答案】C

注意含情态动词的否定回答

May I …? 的否定答语为No, you can’t/ mustn’t. ;

Must I …?否定答语为No,you needn’t/don’t have to.;

Can I …? 的否定答语为No,you can’t.在口语交际中,要体会句子中的情感差别。

9【2010山东临沂】John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. may

B. can

C. has to

D. must

【答案】A 由but he isn't very sure yet.确定选用may来表示“可能”

10.【2010广西】They ___ do well in the exam.

A. can be able to

B. be able to

C. can able to

D. are able to

【答案】D can与could 表示能力(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。而be able to可以用于各种时态。例如:

They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

11.【2010浙江海宁】-Can you speak Japanese?

-No, I____.

A. mustn't

B. can't

C. needn't

D. may not

【答案】B 此处的can 表示能力,意为“能,会”can’t 则表示“不会”

12.【2010山东淄博】-He___ be in the classroom, I think.

-No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.

A. can; may not

B. must; may not

C. may; can't

D. may; mustn't

【答案】C 本题题意:---我想他可能在教室里。---不,他不可能在教室里,我刚才看见他回家了。用may 表示“可能”用can’t 表示“不可能”

13. 【2010黑龙江】-Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?

-Thanks, but you___, I've had enough.

A. may not

B. must not

C. can't

D. needn't

【答案】D 由句意知没必要再拿了,用needn’t 表示没必要。

14.【2010北京朝阳】Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it_______be very difficult.

A. may

B. must

C. can

D. need

【答案】B此题考查情态动词表推测,由题意可知:这道题一定很难。因为连班里的优秀生都解答不出来。Must表推测时意为“一定“

15. 【2010山东青岛】The children___ play football on the road.

A. can't

B. can

C. mustn't

D. must

【答案】C 用mustn’t +动词原形表示“不许,禁止做某事”

16. 【2010浙江东阳】You'd better___late next time.

A. not to be

B. not be

C. won't be

D. don't be

【答案】B You’d better do 表示“你最好做某事”注意该句式变否定句是在better 后面加not

17. 【2010辽宁大连】You___ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.

A. had better not to

B. had not better

C. had better

D. had better not

【答案】C 本题考查提建议的句式,题意是:你最好问问那边那个人,他可能知道路。18.【2010北京西城】-Would you like to go boating with us?

-Yes, ___.

A. I'd like

B. I want

C. I'd like to

D. I do

【答案】C 注意简略回答中的to 不能省去。

19. 【2010山东烟台】The poor man needs our help, ___ he?

A. need

B. needn't

C. does

D. doesn't

【答案】D 由题中的need 用了单三形式我们可以判断need 在这里是一个行为动词,故变反意疑问句时应借助于助动词does .

20. 【2010内蒙古】-Why don't you ask Mike to go with us?

-Thanks, ___.

A. I will

B. I won't

C. lean

D. I may

【答案】A 用I will 表示对未来事情的一种承诺。意思是“我会的”

21. The boy was able to ______ himself when he was very young.

A. dress

B. wear

C. put on

D. have

【答案】A本题考查动词词义的辨析,dress 和反身代词连用表示“某人自己穿着打扮”,而wear意思是“穿着”,表示状态;put on意思是“穿上”,表示动作。wear、put on只能接表示“衣服”的词,所以选择A。

22. -Would you like to _____ the children something about the Olympic Games?

-Sure. I’d love to.

A. be

B. speak

C. look

D. tell

【答案】D本题考查动词和连系动词的不同用法。从句子的意思理解是用动词短语tell somebody something表示“告诉某人某事情”的意思,所以选择D。

23. With the help of the Internet, news can ______ every corner of the world.

A. arrive

B. reach

C. go

D. get

【答案】B本题考查及物动词和不及物动词的用法,本句子后面的宾语corner表示“角落”

的意思,所以前面要用及物动词,reach表示“到达”,是及物动词,其他的是不及物动词。所以选择B。

24. -I tried to _____ you at home several times, but no one answer the phone.

-I was traveling around last three months.

A. touch

B. reach

C. receive

D. meet

【答案】B本题考查动词词义的区别。reach在此句中意思是“联系”,根据句意符合上下文要求,所以选择B。

25. -It _____ like a television. Do you think so?

-Yes, I _____.

A. look; do

B. takes; understand

C. looks; agree

D. means; know

【答案】C本题考查连系动词和动词。第一个句子中连系动词look和like构成短语表示“看起来”的意思,后面接名词。第二个句子用动词agree表示同意对方的观点,所以选择C。

26. -Must I stay at home and take care of her?

-No, you _____.

A. mustn’t

B. won’t

C. can’t

D. needn’t

【答案】D本题考查情态动词的用法。以must开头的一般疑问句,它的否定回答用needn’t表示“不必”的意思,不能用mustn’t。

27. -Could I borrow your dictionary?

-Of course you ______.

A. can

B. must

C. should

D. will

【答案】A 本题考查情态动词can

三年中考题组

2009全国中考题组

( )1.(2009·甘肃兰州)

This type of MP4 is my favorite, but I can’t ________ it.

A. spend

B. cost

C. pay

D. afford

【答案】 D 本题考查词义辨析,afford买的起,付得起、花得起时间、金钱、精力等。但是afford只能表示能力,不表示意愿

( ) 2.(2009·广州)

The boys arrived late at the cinema, and the start of the film.

A. caught

B. missed

C. got

D. lost

【答案】 B 题意:那些男生到达电影院晚了,所以他们错过了电影的开头。

( )3.(2009·广州)

As we know, some people are good at but bad at giving back.

A. lending

B. keeping

C. borrowing

D. using

【答案】 C 根据连词but 在此处选用give back 的反义词borrow ,此题表达的意思是:就像我们所了解的那样,有的人善于借但不善于还。

( )4.(2009·广州)

—Why couldn't you the correct spelling of the word?

—Err. . . I hadn't got a Chinese-English dictionary at hand.

A. look for

B. look down

C. look up

D. look at

【答案】 C 本题考查词组辨析,“在字典里查询单词”用词组look up

( ) 5.(2009·广州)

Have you your new classmates yet?

A. had friends with

B. made friend with

C. got friend to

D. made friends with

【答案】 D 本题考查固定词组make friends with sb . 和某人交朋友

( )6.(2009·山东淄博)

—How long could I your English-Chinese dictionary?

—Only one day, please.

A. keep

B. borrow

C. lend

D. get

【答案】 A How long 提问一段时间,连用的动词应该是延续性动词,borrow 是瞬间性动词,keep表示“借”时是一个延续性动词。

( ) 7.(2009·山东淄博)

—Would you mind my little sister while I am away?

—Of course not.

A. looking for

B. looking at

C. looking after

D. looking forward to

【答案】 C Would you mind...?意为―你介意……吗?‖,汉语常常译为―做……你不反对/介意吗?‖,用来询问对方对某一件事的态度,是一种比较客气的表达方法。根据题意此处用look after 表示“当我外出的时候,你不反对照顾我的妹妹吗?”

( ) 8.(2009·山东淄博)

—Hello! This is Henry Speaking. I’d like to speak to your father.

—Sorry, he has Shanghai.

A. been in

B. been to

C. gone to

D. come to

【答案】 C have / has gone to 表示“去了某地”还没有回来。

( )9.【2009.福建漳州】

The yellow coat ______ be Linda’s because nobody likes yellow except her.

A. can’t

B. can

C. mustn’t

D. must

【答案】 D 根据because引导的原因状语从句可以判断那件黄色的上衣一定是琳达的因为除了她没有人喜欢黄色。

( ) 10【2009·深圳】

---The cake looks__________

---Yes,and it tastes even________

A.well,good B. nice,better C.good, worse D.better, best

【答案】B 本题中的look , taste 都是系动词,注意后面要跟形容词构成系表结构,另外even 表示“更”一般用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级。

( ) 11.【2009·扬州】

—May I smoke here, please?

—I am afraid you ___________. This is a non-smoking area.

A. can

B. can’t

C. may

D. may not

【答案】B 题意:---我可以在这儿吸烟吗?---恐怕不能,因为这里是无烟区。

( ) 12.【2009·扬州】

—What is Mum cooking in the kitchen?

—Fish, I guess. How nice it ___________!

A. looks

B. sounds

C. tastes

D. smells

【答案】D 本题考查四个感官动词的词义辨析。look / sound / taste / smell 作为感官动词用时意思分别是“看/ 听/ 尝/ 闻起来,根据题意此处用smell 表示“鱼闻起来很香”

2008全国中考题组

1【2008湖北】Plastic bags have caused serious environmental pollution, ______?

A. haven’t they

B. have they

C. don’t they

D. do they

A这是现在完成时的反意疑问句,前半句是肯定式,后半句应该是否定式。

2 【2008苏州】Bill won’t make any progress ______ he studies harder than before.

A. if

B. when

C. because

D. unless

D这是状语从句,if 如果,用于条件状语从句;when 当…时,用于时间状语从句;because 因为,用于原因状语从句;unless 除非…(否则),本句意思是“除非比尔比以前学习更用功,否则他将不能取得进步。”因此应选D。

3 【2008北京】George was frightened to see a snake in the grass. His face turned ______.

A. pale

B. clean

C. sadly

D. happily

A turned 是连系动词,后接形容词;sadly 和happily是副词,不能用在此处。clean 是“干

净的”,而pale意为“苍白的”,吓得脸变苍白了。

4【2008山东烟台】After a long journey, the eight pandas from Wolong safely ______ in Beijing.

A. arrived

B. reached

C. got

D. came

A reach是及物动词,不需要接介词in;got to 解释“到达”,C少了to;D中的came 应该是came to Beijing,也少了to;A中的arrived是不及物动词,后接大地方用in ,小地方用at,所以此句选A。

5【2008厦门】Look! Jane’s grandmother ______ with some aged people in the park.

A. dances

B. danced

C. is dancing

D. was dancing

C 此句中―Look!‖表示“看!那人正在做什么。”因此此句要用现在进行表达这个动作。

6.【2008石家庄】Kevin ______ to work in his hometown after he graduated from university.

A. goes

B. went

C. will go

D. had gone

B在这句时间状语中,after表示“以后”,后用一般过去时,所以主句不需要用过去完成时,更不必用一般现在时和一般将来时,应该和从句时态一致,用went。

7.【2008浙江绍兴】-- Must I return the magazine to you right now, Sandy?

-- No, you ______. You may keep it until next Wednesday.

A. needn’t

B. can’t

C. must

D. may

A情态动词must 的否定回答是needn’t, 因此选A。

8. 【2008长沙】Our headmaster asked us ______ a report on how to protect wild animals.

A. write

B. writing

C. to write

D. wrote

本题答案是C。ask sb. to sth. 叫某人做某事,这是动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选C。

9.【2008温州】The plane from Shanghai to Paris will ______ in an hour.

A. take up

B. take away

C. take out

D. take off

D take up 从事,take away拿走take out拿出take off是多义词,既是“脱下”,又是“起

飞”,在此处是起飞的意思,所以选D。

10.【2008徐州】Our monitor has won the first prize in the competition. We’re very ______ him.

A. busy with

B. famous for

C. good at

D. proud of

D be busy with忙于某事;be famous for以…著名;be good at 擅长;be proud of 以…

骄傲。根据句意应该选D。

备课资料

历年中考题汇编

1.【2009 石家庄】—Miriam had nothing for breakfast this morning, ______?

—No. She got up too late.

A. did she

B. didn’t she

C. had she

D. hadn’t she

A这组对话的意思是:“今天早晨米里亚姆没吃早餐,对吗?”“是的,她起床太晚了。”该题测试反意疑问句的用法。在反意疑问句中,如果陈述部分含有nothing,few, hardly等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分要用肯定形式。这样就可以锁定A和C两项。又根据本句不是过去完成时,而是一般过去时,就可确定答案为A。

2.【2009湖北】—May I have a word with you?

—No, you ______. I’m busy today.

A. needn’t

B. wouldn’t

C. don’t have to

D. can’t

D这组对话的意思是:“我可以跟你说句话吗?”“不行,我今天很忙。”该题测试情态动词的用法。对May开头的问句进行否定回答时,通常用can’t或may not来回答。

3 . 【2009福建】—It’s too hot. Would you mind ______ the window?

—Of course not. Please do it now.

A. to open

B. opening

C. opens

D. opened

B这组对话的意思是:“天太热,开一下窗户您介意吗?”“当然不会介意了,请开吧。”该题测试动词的-ing形式的用法。根据mind后面要接动词的-ing 形式,就可确定答案。( ) 4.【2009·江苏无锡】

---It must be John who is in the office.

---I’m sure it ______ be John. I saw him off at the railway station just twenty minutes ago.

A. won’t

B. mustn’t

C. can’t

D. needn’t

【答案】 C 本题考查情态动词表推测,根据后面一句“二十分钟前我刚刚在火车站为他送行”可判断办公室里的那个人不可能是John ,故用can’t 表否定推测。

( ) 5.【2009.北京】

---______ you swim?

---Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer.

A. Can

B. May

C. Need

D. Must

【答案】 A 此题考查情态动词can 表能力的用法。

( ) 6.【2009.安徽】

---Long time no see!

---Oh, It ______ like years since I last saw you.

A. looks

B. seems

C. feels

D. sounds

【答案】B题意是“我似乎好几年没看见你了。”look like 表示“看起来像”侧重于对外貌的描述。

7. 【2008石家庄】Do you know ______?

A. when will the Beijing Olympic Games end

B. when the Beijing Olympic Games will end

C. when would the Beijing Olympic Games end

D. when the Beijing Olympic Games would end

B这句是宾语从句,语序和陈述句一样,所以不能选A和C,因为它们是疑问句句式;而D是过去将来时,这里没有表示过去将来的时间短语,故不能用在此句。所以只能选B。

8. 【2008哈尔滨】-- Would you like me to bring you a cup of coffee?

-- ______.

A. Yes, I’d like to.

B. It’s a pleasure.

C. Yes, please.

D. It doesn’t matter.

C本句意为“你要我给你拿一杯咖啡吗?”A是回答“Would you like to do sth.?”的;B 的意思是“我很乐意做某事”;D则表示“没关系”,而C表示“好的”,符合回答要求,所

以应选C。

9.【2008山西】Of all the famous stars, Liu Dehua looks ______.

A. the happiest

B. the most happiest C happier D. happy

A这句话的意思是:在所有著名的明星中,刘德华看起来最快乐。该题测试形容词最高级的用法。Of all the famous stars表示至少三个以上,常用在最高级的句子中。这样就可排除C 和D项。Happy的最高级是在其后加-est,前面再加the most就画蛇添足了。

10.【2007 年山东青岛】---- How much ______ the shoes?---- Five dollars ______ enough.

A. is;is

B. are;is

C. are;are

D. is;are

B shoes作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;five dollars是一个整体,应按单数对待。

精选教研论文

中考对英语语法知识考查要点

1. 名词

(1) 不规则名词的单、复数形式要特别记忆:

man—men, woman—women, child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth

(2) 单数、复数同形的名词:

fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese

(3) 常用复数形的名词:

trou sers, shoes, glasses

(4) 只有复数形的名词:

thanks, clothes

(5) 单数形式但其意为复数的可数名词:

people, police

(6) 有生命的名词所有格形式:

单数名词加's, 复数名词加s', 不是以s结尾的复数名词加 's , 如: children's

room

(7) 无生命的名词所有格用of结构表达:

如: the capital of China

(8) 表示并列名词各自所有,在各名词词尾加's:

如: Tom's and Mary's bikes (两人各自的自行车)

(9) 表示并列名词共同所有,则在后一个名词的词尾加's:

如: Tom and Mary's mother (即Tom与Mary是兄妹)

(10) 关于时间、距离、长度、重量、价格的所有格:

如: ten minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, a boat's length, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth

(11) 双重所有格:

a friend of my father's

2. 形容词与副词

(1) 原级,比较级,最高级词形变化:

①[单元音+单辅音]的单音节词

fat—fatter—fattest

thin—thinner—thinnest

hot—hotter—hottest

big—bigger—biggest

②of the two结构中用比较级,在比较级前加定冠词,三者以上用最高级

例: He is the taller of the two.

She is the best player of the three.

③越……越……的表达法

例: The days are getting hotter and hotter.

The more you study, the more you learn.

④修饰比较级的词有:much, by far, even, a little,

例: She is much better now.

切记不要用比较级来修饰比较级。

3. 介词

(1) 表示时间:

at: 表示某一时间点,如: at noon

on: 表示特定的日子,如: on Christmas

in: 表示一段不具体的时间,如: in the morning, in the Second world war

如表示在某一特定的早上、下午则用on,如: on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morning

till/until: 表示动作持续的终点

例:I studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.

(2) 表示地点:

at: 表示较小的地点

如: arrived at the school gate

in: 表示较大的地点

如: arrived in Shanghai

for: 表示目的地

例: I'll leave for Shanghai.

above: 表示上面,上方,其反意词是below

over: 表示垂直上方,其反意词是under

例: The dog jumped over the table.

through: 表示穿过

如: through the forest

across: 表示从平面上的跨越

例: I want to walk across the road.

5. 动词

(1) 动词的时态:

①一般现在时

一般现在时的主要用法有两点:其一表示一经常发生的动作,如: I always go to scho

ol at seven. 其二表示某一真理,事实,如: The earth moves around the sun.

②现在完成时

现在完成时的主要用法有两点:其一表示某一动作发生于过去,并持续下来,到现在完成。如: I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某动作发生于过去并已结束,但其影响到现在。如: I haven't had my lunch. I'm hungry now.

与现在完成时连用的词语有:yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。

其考查要点:

其一: Have been表示曾经去过,如:I have been to America twice. 说此话的人应

已经回到国内。而He has gone to Japan.则此人目前已到日本去了。

其二: 截止性动词可以有现在完成时,但不可与表示一段长度的词连用,如: The class has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.

③一般过去时

表示过去发生的动作,过去的习惯或反复发生的动作。如: Who broke the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 与过去时连用的时间状语有: at that time, ago, in 1949, just now (刚才), last night, yesterday

④一般将来时

纯将来时的表示法: shall/will+动词原形

例: I'll leave for Shanghai this evening.

表示按计划要做或可能做的事: be going to+动词原形

例: I'm going to help you tonight.

将来时的特殊表示法

a. be+coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving

例: Don't worry. I'm coming.

b. be about to+动词原形

例: He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.

c. 状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来

例: If it rains tomorrow I won't go to the party.

(2) 情态动词:

can: 能,会

例: He can do it very well.

may: 许可,可能性

例: May I use your pen?

must: 必要,禁止(多表示主观看法)

例: You mustn't play with fire.

have to: 不得不(多表示客观之事)

例: I have to go, because I have a meeting.

could与would:二者用于现在时表示语气的委婉

例: Could you help me?

6.句型

(1) 宾语从句:

由疑问代词或副词引出的宾语从句

例: Could you tell me where the post office is?

Could you tell me what he said? (what作said的宾语)

由that引出的宾语从句

例: They said that they would give me some help. (that 仅作引导词)

宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。

例: He asked when we would leave home.

(2) 状语从句:

状语从句可包括:时间/地点/原因/结果/目的等状语从句。

例:I will come when I am free.

I'm late because my bike is broken.

He went so early that he got a good seat.

She studied hard so that she would pass the exam.

状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

例: If it rains tomorrow I shall not go to the cinema.

表示在一长动作进行过程中某一动作突然发生则长动作要用进行时态,而突发性动作要用一般时态。

例: When I'm reading a book, the telephone rings.

(3) 反意疑问句

例: She can swim across the river, can't she?

It's a fine day, isn't it?

Marry needs to have a rest, doesn't she?

You have nothing to do, do you?

He seldom does homework, does he?

Don't open the door, will you?

Open the door please, will you?

Let us have a rest, will you?

Let's go, shall we?

(4) 感叹句:

例. What a hot day it is!

How hot the weather is!

7. 不定式

(1) 不定式在句中作宾语,状语:

例: It has begun to rain.

I want to go to the cinema.

(2) 不定式与疑问词连用:

例: I want to know how to work.

I want to know what to do.

(3) 不定式的否定句:

例: He told me not to do it.

④省略to的不定式:

例: I saw him come this morning.

这样的动词有see, hear, watch等感官动词,及have(作让、使讲) make, let.

(英语)中考英语动词专项训练及答案

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中考英语动词短语专项练习经典

人教版中考英语专项训练动词短语专项练习经典 一、动词 1.Many teenagers the old and they often offer their seats to them on buses. A. depend on B. care for C. laugh at D. listen to 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:许多青少年关心老人,他们经常在公车上给这些人让座。dependon依靠;carefor关心;laughat嘲笑;listento听。结合语境,所以选B。 2.— Michael Jackson was called the king of pop, wasn't he? — Of course. He by people all over the world. A. was looked at B. was looked up to C. was looked for D. was looked down 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——Michael Jackson被称为流行音乐之王,是不是?——当然。他被全世界的人们尊敬。look at: 看一看,look up to: 尊敬,look for:寻找,look down: 瞧不起,根据语境可知答案,故选B。 【点评】考查动词短语。牢记四个动词短语的词义。 3.—Who reached the station on time? —I ! In fact, I arrived there 5 minutes earlier. A. was B. reached C. did D. do 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】问句的谓语动词为行为动词reach的过去式,故在作简短回答时,需要借助助动词did.故选C。句意是:—谁按时到达了车站?—我!实际上我提前五分钟就到了那里。 【点评】本题考查助动词的使用。 4.Thomas Edison was such a great person who never that he made so many great inventions all his life. A. took up B. thought up C. made up D. gave up 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】。句意:爱迪生是如此伟大的人物, 一生中他从来不放弃他做的这么多的发明。A. took up接收;B. thought up想出;C. made up编造;D. gave up放弃。根据语意故答案选D。 【点评】考查动词短语辨析主要考查took up thought up made up gave up四个动词短语

初三中考英语动词填空100题

新版译林牛津初三--英语一动词适当形式填空100题

__________________ (get) here on time next time, or your teacher will be angry with you.

1. have known 2.to improve 3. improved 4. proved 5. givi ng 6.Were; remin ded 7.fi nding 8. to fini sh; try 9. livi ng 10.was offered ll.came 12.Maki ng 13. will be dealt 14. to spe nd 15. has offered 16. to solve 17.is eaten 18. To make 19. has stopped; to be fixed/fixing; fixed 2O.Buildi ng 21. Build 2 2 .Build 23.Readi ng; helps 24.bu ying; to keep 25. was expla ined 26. will be provided 27. to ski 28. will get 29. watch ing 30. was not in vited 31. to watch 32.was lying 33.read ing 34. talk ing; to remember 35.built 36. will be expla ined 37. to give 38. proved 39. in cludes 40. n amed 41. was n amed 42. wait ing 43. work 44. represe nt 45. repaired 46. to cha nge 47. are allowed 48.was writ ing 49.has eate n 50.broke 51.p unishing 52.am wait ing 53. trying 54. is completed 55 . didn't realize 56. to solve 57. has cha nged 58. relaxes 59. will do 60. has rise n 61. support ing 62. aren ' t allowed 63. to complete 64. will be puni shed 65.was paid 66. con trolli ng 67. has bee n 68. will be showed 69.c onn ected 70. was offered 71. sell 72. pointing 73. don 'make 74. will mend 75. works 76. is provided 77. Get 78. are asked 79. writi ng 80. led 81. conn ected 82. connecting 83. was conn ected 84. repeats 85. is savi ng 86. are paid 8 7 .prin ts; feels 88. has falle n 89. is sleep ing 90. was wait ing 91. will be offered 92. has happe ned 93. is done 94. con trolli ng 95. fou nd 96. to stop 97. to complete 98.moves 99. to see 100.has lost

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