英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)

英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)

1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:

Abbreviations in Note taking

Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.

Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum

f = frequency

Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.

cf = compare

e.g. = example

dept = department

Use only the first syllable of a word.

pol = politics

dem = democracy

lib = liberal

cap = capitalism

Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.

pres = presentation

subj = subject

ind = individual

cons = conservative

Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.

assoc = associate

biol = biology

info = information

ach = achievement

chem = chemistry

max = maximum

intro = introduction

conc = concentration

min = minimum

rep = repetition

Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.

ppd = prepared

prblm = problem

estmt = estimate

bkgd = background

gvt = government

Use an apostrophe in place of letters.

am't = amount

cont'd = continued

gov't = government

educat'l = educational

Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.

chpts = chapters

egs = examples

fs = frequencies

intros = introductions

Use g to represent ing endings.

ckg = checking

estg = establishing

decrg = decreasing

exptg = experimenting

Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.

Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.

Leave out unimportant words.

Leave out the words a and the.

If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.

Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.

& = and

w/ = with

w/o = without

vs = against

\ = therefore

= = is or equal

Use technical symbols where applicable.

zb = German, for example

ibid = Latin, the same work

o = degrees

H2O = water

More reference:

Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:

+ plus

// parallel

Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:

eg example

IT dept Information Technology department

UK United Kingdom

Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:

mar marketing

cus customer

cli client

Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:

subj subject

budg budget

ind individual

To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:

tech'gy technology

gen'ion generalisation

del'y delivery

Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:

assoc associated

ach achievement

info information

Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:

bkgd background

mvmt movement

prblm problem

Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customers

fs frequencies

/s ratios

Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:

decrg decreasing

ckg checking

estblg establishing

Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:

in

but

as

key

Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:

is

was

were

Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:

a

an

the

If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:

January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB

Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:

@ at

2 to

4 for

& and

w/ with

w/o without

vs against

Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.

Other Symbols and Abbreviations

as a result of / consequences of <--->

resulting in --->

and / also +

equal to / same as =

following ff

most importantly *

less than <

greater than > especially esp/

关于缩略词

一、缩略词

英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。

缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:

F拿掉所有元音

MKT: market

MGR: manager

MSG: message

STD: standard

RCV: receive

F保留前几个字母

INFO information

INS insurance

EXCH exchange

I owe you IOU

In stead of I/O

F保留开头和结尾个发音字母

WK week

RM room

PL people

F根据发音

R are

THO though

THRU through

高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表

缩略词原词

APT Apartment

ACC Accountant

ACDG According

ACPT Accept

AD Advertisement

ADS Address

ADV Advice

AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount

APV Approve

ASAP As soon as possible

BAL Balance

BLDG Building

CERT Certificate

CFM Conform

CNCL Cancel

CNF Conference

CMI Commission

CMP Complete

CMPE Compete/competitive

CMU Communication

CONC Concern/concerning/concerned

COND Condition

CO. Company

DEPT Department

DISC Discount

DPT Departure

EXCH Exchange

EXPLN Explain

EXT Extent

FLT Flight

FNT Final

FRT Freight

FYR For your reference GD Good

GUAR Guarantee

H.O. Home office

INFO Information

IMPS Impossible

IMP(T) Important

INCD Include

INDIV Individual

INS Insurance

INTST Interested

I/O In stead of

IOU I owe you

IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture

MDL Model

MEMO Memorandum

MGR Manger

MIN Minimum

MKT Market

MSG Message

NCRY Necessary

NLT No later than

OBS Observe

OBT Obtain

ORD Ordinary

PAT Patent

PC Piece

PKG Packing

PL People

PLS Please

POSN Position

POSS(BL) Possible

PROD Product

QLTY Quality

QUTY Quantity

RCV Receive

REF Reference

REGL Regular

REP Representative

RESN Reservation

RPT Repeat

RESPON Responsible

SEC Section

SITN Situation

STD Standard

TEL Telephone

TEMP Temporary

TGM Telegraph

THO Though

TKS Thanks

TRD Trade

TRF Traffic

TTL Total

U You

UR Your

WK Week

WL Will

WT Weight

XL Extra large

关于字母和图像

二、字母、图像

Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ。

C 表示政府,统治:government,govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZ P 表示政治:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZ

E 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。

G 表示效率:efficient, effective。G为效率符号。

Q 表示"通货膨胀":inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。

B 表示商业:business。

C× 表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对,字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。

W 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。

i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。

U U 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入2××××,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U 中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。

O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等:country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口,Og表示出口

这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over。那么在此符号上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc.

T 表示"领导人":leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT

⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference, negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium

k 这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。

O 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.

J 表示开心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc.

L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.

EO 表示听到、总所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.

O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc.

用箭头、数学符号、标点符号来表示

三、箭头

g 表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc. 表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.

表示屈服:submit to

f 表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc.

表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate

h 表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc.

表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc.

表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen, promote, etc

表示"波折":ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.

四、数学符号

+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.

++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级:more

+3 表示"多"的最高级:most

-表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.

× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.

> 表示"多于"概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.

表示"高" 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.

< 表示"少于"概念:less/smaller,etc.

表示"低"概念:inferior to,etc.

= 表示"同等"概念:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.

表示"对手"概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.

( ) 表示"在......之间":among, within, etc.

≠ 表示"不同"概念:be different from, etc.

表示"无敌"概念:matchless, peerless, etc.

~表示"大约"概念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc.

/ 表示"否定","消除"等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.

五、标点等

: 表示各种各样"说"的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. ? 表示"问题":question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?

. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."

∧表示转折

√ 表示"好的"状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.

表示"同意"状态,stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.

☆表示"重要的"状态:important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.

n 表示"交流"状态:exchange,mutual, etc.

& 表示"和","与":and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc.

∥表示"结束":end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.

六、较长单词的处理办法

-ism 简写为m 例如:socialism Sm

-tion 简简写为n 例如:standardization (标准化) stdn

-cian 简简写为o 例如:technician techo

-ing 简写为g 例如:marketing (市场营销) MKTg

-ed 简写为 d 例如:accepted acptd

-able/ible/ble 简写为bl 例如:available avbl

-ment 简写为mt 例如:amendment amdmt

-ize 简写为z 例如:recognize regz

-ful 简写为fl 例如:meaningful mnfl

专四听力常用速记符号

专四听力常用速记符号 c.f. : compare e.g. : example dept: department max: maximum min: minimum bkgd: background gvt : government // : parallel <---:as a result / consequence of --->: resulting in = : equal to / same as *: important msg: message std: standard rcv: receive wk: week rm: room ad: advertisement z: people/person co: company etc: and so on esp: especially ie: that is ≈: about, approximate, or so, ↑: increase↓: decrease∈:belong V: victory ↗: development >< conflict, confrontation <<: difficulty ⊙: conference, meeting ∞: communication⊥: disagreement, discrepancy ∽: in stead of △: stand for ?:question ∧: but, however ( ):among, within, etc tm: time ∵: by reason that, because, owing to, inasmuch as; on the score of; in so much as; considering that; now that ∴: therefore, so; consequently + : many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. (++(+2):more, +3:most) -: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. ×:wrong/incorrect,something bad √: right/good >:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, superior to,surpass, etc. <:less/smaller,inferior to,etc. =: means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc. ::say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. . (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later "next week", 可以表示为"wk." & :and,together with,along with,accompany,further more,etc. 1

口译笔记速记符号归总(二)

口译笔记速记符号归总(二)

一、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式: F拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people F根据发音 R are THO though THRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve

ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent FLT Flight FNT Final FRT Freight FYR For your reference GD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe you

英语听力速记符号张腾归纳

英语听力速记符号张腾总结

1.表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc. 2.表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 3.表示屈服:submit to 1.表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc. 2.表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate 1.表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc. 2.表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc. 3.表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen,promote, etc 表示“波折”:ups and downs, twists and turns, etc. 常用速记数学符号汇编 +表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. ++(+2)表示“多”的比较级:more +3表示“多”的最高级:most -表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. ×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念: wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious, negative, etc. > 1.表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.

口译笔记速记符号归总

口译笔记速记符号归总 一、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。 2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。 3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。 4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare),Co(company),eg(for example),etc(and so on),esp(especially),ie(that is),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。 二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。 口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。 人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。 in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics

速记符号汇总

口译笔记速记符号归总 [1] Note-taking symbols and abbreviations [2] 关于缩略词 [3] 关于字母和图像 [4] 用箭头、数学符号、标点符号来表示 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters.

高中英语听力技巧与常用词汇

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英语听力试题分析

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尾部分的主题句以及提示上下文关系的关联词。养成边听边做记号和做笔记的习惯。有许多细节题型,尤其是和某个选项有关的数字、年代、时间、人物、地点等要素,要在选项上作出记号,留下适当提示,以助后面的答题。要抓住四级大纲重点的句型和词组。不求听懂每个单词,碰到没听清楚的地方要先放过去,注意下面的内容。 Section C 是复合式听写(Compound Dictation ),这是老题型,但现在已成为必考题型了。听一篇250词左右的短文,要求分填单词和完成句子两类题目,文章读三遍;而这一部分的句子听写通常是考生最犯怵的。因为试卷上会提供听到的大部分文字,因此可以先浏览一下这些文字,猜测可能填的单词的意思和词性,这样带着问题去听效果会好得多。对于完成句子的题目,主要是先听懂句子的意思,然后填写。要充分利用读三遍的作用,第一遍可以完成单词的填写和掌握要填写句子的大意,第二遍重点应该放在句子上,即使写完句子,第三遍则基本上要再做题目,用于校对。不要轻易改动已经完成的填写,除非本来填的时候就没有把握的那些部分。要学会暂时放弃和大胆猜测,考试如遇到暂时做不出来的题目,应立刻放弃,不要影响后面的听音。待全部听力结束后,选一个与听到的句子重复词最少的选项,至少还有25%以上答对的可能性。再者,听力题型的题材选择也会比较广泛,考生也需关注社会热点话

英语听写速记符号

英语速记符号 一、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式: F拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F保留前几个字母 INFO : information INS : insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK: week RM: room PL: people F根据发音

R :are THO: though THRU: through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词原词 APT :Apartment ACC: Accountant ACDG :According ACPT: Accept AD :Advertisement ADS :Address ADV: Advice AMAP :As much/many as possible AMT: Amount APV :Approve ASAP :As soon as possible BAL :Balance BLDG :Building CERT Certificate CFM :Conform CNCL :Cancel

CNF: Conference CMI :Commission CMP :Complete CMPE :Compete/competitive CMU :Communication CONC :Concern/concerning/concerned COND :Condition CO. :Company DEPT: Department DISC :Departure EXCH: Exchange EXPLN: Explain EXT: Extent FLT :Final FRT: Freight FYR :For your reference GD :Good GUAR :Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO :Information IMPS :Impossible IMP(T): Important

提高英语听力理解能力的策略与技巧

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口译笔记速记符号归总(一)

口译笔记速记符号归总(一)

口译笔记速记符号归总(一) 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math —— these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology

英语口译技巧

尽管每个人的对记录符号的使用可能是多样的,同一事物不同的人可能会使用不同的符号,同一符号在不同的人意识中肯能代表不同的意思,但是通行的原则还是存在的,活用这些原则,那会让你在口译的过程中如虎添翼…… 在听力活动中,笔记是一个辅助我们记忆的非常有效的工具。 对于专业的口译译员来说,口译笔记的作用是帮助他们还原刚刚听到的内容。而对于同学们来说其最大的作用则是在我们做题的时候帮助我们记录并最终理清语言材料之间的逻辑关系,还原具体信息细节。 在听力练习当中,题目经常是在一大段语言材料播放完毕之后才出现,由于人记忆能力的局限这个时候很多本来已经听懂的内容已经无法被我们回忆起来,造成了信息模糊、信息丢失,以至于无法完成题目。而笔记可以有效地弥补人短时记忆的缺陷,掌握一点英语口译者们常用的笔记法,你会发现这些“专业人士”所谓的“高端技能”,对于普通的学习者来说同样有很大意义,可以帮助我们在一般的听力考试中游刃有余。 英语笔记法的适用前提——听力过关(五大支柱),听懂是做笔记的前提条件,如果听都没有听懂,又怎么可能去记?再好地记录能力都不可能创造信息本身。 下面举例说明听力笔记的一些技巧: 1、不要大量记录文字(汉字、单词) ——而要使用符号来表示意思(缩写、图形) Eg:“powerful country”记作“强口”, “我同意”记作“I√ ”; “观点,看法一致”记作“⊙ same”, “economic development”记作“经↑” ↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等” ↓表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”; ↗表示“缓慢上升,缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”; ←表示“返回,倒退等”; →表示“达到,至,导致,前进等”; +表示“加,增加,此外,另外,又加之”; —表示“减少,减”; >表示“多于,大于,强于”; <表示“少于,小于,不如”; ∵表示“因为,由于”; ∴表示“所以,因此”; =表示“等于,相同,与……相同”。 t表示thousand; m表示million; b表示 billion; 1st表示first。 2、不要横着写:

口译记录材料速记符号归总及其记录材料技巧窍门

主要内容 1 Note-taking symbols and abbreviations 2缩略词 3字母、图像 4箭头 5数学符号 6标点 技巧 一. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math ——these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department

Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition

英语听力速记符号

1.表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc. 2.表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 3.表示屈服:submit to 1.表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc. 2.表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate 1.表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc. 2.表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc. 3.表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen,promote, etc 表示“波折”:ups and downs, twists and turns, etc. 常用速记数学符号汇编 +表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. ++(+2)表示“多”的比较级:more +3表示“多”的最高级:most -表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. ×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:wrong/incorrect, something bad,notorious,negative, etc. > 1.表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 2.表示“高” 概念:superior to,surpass, etc. < 1.表示“少于”概念:less/smaller,etc. 2.表示“低”概念:inferior to,etc. =1.表示“同等”概念:means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc. 2.表示“对手”概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( )表示“在......之间”:among, within, etc. ≠1.表示“不同”概念:be different from, etc.

口译速记方法

首页 | 博客群 | 公社 | 专栏 | 论坛 | 图片 | 资讯 | 注册 | 帮助 | 博客联播 | 随机访问 PKM of Beautiful_Thing 已锁定- -| 回首页| 2008年索引| - -标语英文 英文速记简介 ////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////// 英文速记简介zz 1588年,英国人T.布赖特采用几何图形的直线、圆圈和半圆弧线,设计了一种英文速记法。这个速 记系统的创制,使中世纪宗教迫害狂中被摧残的欧洲速记得以复活。布赖特把他的速记系统献给伊丽 莎白王后,得到了出版这种速记法15年的专利权。此后英国又陆续出现了几种经过改进的速记系统。 1834年,德国的F.X.戈贝尔斯伯格设计了一种草书式速记,对当时德国的和斯堪的纳维亚地区许多国家的速记法的发展产生了极大的影响。 1837年,英国人I.皮特曼改进了前人的速记系统,出版了一本《语音速记法》。它以几何式的正圆弧线和直线为基础,采用了加粗笔画来区别两个发音近似的辅音,把符号写在不同的位置以省去 元音等方法,因而获了成功。皮特曼速记直到今天在英语国家中仍比较流行。 1888年,爱尔兰人J.R.格雷格(1867~1948)采用几何式椭圆弧线和斜直线,设计了一种完全用轻线的速记法,不用位置变换表示元音,而是用普通写法的拼写原则,一般人学习起来比较容易。这 种速记后来在美国和拉丁美洲的一些国家得到广泛传播。 20世纪以来,欧美又出现了一种以拉丁字母的简化[speed writing]写法和简单笔画混合使用的速记体系。这种速记法是为了适应非专职速记人员的需要而设计的,不需要花较长时间的训练就能掌握。 对不要求具有高速度书写能力的一般文字工作者说来,有相当的实用价值。 Taking quick notes <口译笔记> 常用速记符号: 大于> 小于< 小于或等于≤ 大于或等于≥ 等于、意味着= 不等于≠ 约等于≈ L遗憾、悲哀:( 高兴、荣兴:)

partC英语听力速记技巧

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