英语辅导主谓一致

英语辅导主谓一致
英语辅导主谓一致

英语辅导:主谓一致学习中应注意的几个问题

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e09427836.html, 2005/02/21 15:23 英语通

主谓一致是语法学习中的一个重点, 也是一大难点。处理主谓一致需遵循三条原则, 即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。然而, 在具体使用时, 学生常感困惑不解。本文从以下几个方面入手帮助学生解决这一难点问题。

一、主语为单数名词的主谓一致问题

一般来说, 当主语为单数名词时, 根据语法一致原则, 谓语动词也采用单数形式。

A merger is a combination of two or more businesses under a single management.

然而, 情况并不总是如此,请看下列选择题:

1) The committee ________ (is / are) of the opinion that the time is inopportune.

2) Good and bad butter ________ (is / are) things quite different to our taste.

3) More educators than one ________ (wants / want) to expose those educationally disadvantaged students to enriching educational experiences for a five-year period.

以上句子中的主语从形式上看无一不是单数,如果按照语法一致原则,谓语动词应选择单数形式。然而,若仔细研究,这些单数形式的名词在意义上都为复数。因此,如果按照意义一致原则, 谓语动词应采用复数形式。那么,在这种情况下究竟应遵循哪一种原则?答案是,优先考虑意义一致原则,即谓语动词选择复数形式。

从以上例句也可归纳出以下三条规则:

1. 当主语在形式上是单数但意义为复数时, 根据意义一致原则, 谓语动词采用复数形式。(见例1)

2. 当主语为“形容词+ and + 形容词+ 单数名词”结构时, 根据意义一致原则, 谓语动词采用复数形式。(见例2)

3. 当主语为“more + 复数名词+ than one”结构时, 根据意义一致原则,谓语动词采用复数形式。(见例3)

俗话说,任何规则都有例外。下面两条规则中的“例外”十分重要,需要牢牢记住。

1. 当主语为“more than one + 单数名词”结构时, 尽管有复数之意, 谓语动词仍采用单数形式。

More than one researcher is investigating a series of indicators that could help them to predict

earthquakes.

2. 同样, 当主语为“many a + 单数名词”结构时, 尽管也有复数之意, 谓语动词仍采用单数形式。

1) Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks.

2) Many a chalet covers the bare hillsides.

二、主语为复数名词的主谓一致问题

当主语为复数名词时, 根据语法一致原则, 谓语动词一般采用复数形式。

Maine's abundant forests have made it a haven for many kinds of wildlife.

然而, 也有例外。请看下列例句:

1) Billiards is one of his favorite games.

2) Ten years is a moment in history.

3) A hundred miles is a long distance.

4) A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.

以上句子中的主语尽管都是复数形式,但谓语动词却均采用了单数形式。这是因为:

1. 当主语形式上是复数但意义为单数时, 根据意义一致原则, 谓语动词仍采用单数形式。(见例1)

2. 当主语为表示时间、距离、度量等复数名词时, 往往根据意义一致原则, 谓语动词要采用单数形式。(见例2、例3)

3. 当主语为“a series of, a portion of, a kind of等+ 名词(常为复数名词)”结构时, 谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则采用单数形式。(见例4)

但是,当主语为“lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of 等+ 名词”结构时, 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于其后名词的单、复数形式。如果名词是单数形式, 动词也采用单数形式; 如果名词是复数形式, 动词也采用复数形式。

1) Lots of industrial psychologists are concerned with the manipulation of the worker's psyche.

2) Lots of work needs to be done at the moment.

三、主语为并列结构的主谓一致问题

1. 当主语为and, both...and 连接的两个名词词组时, 根据语法一致原则, 谓语动词用复数形式。

The visitors and the guide have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa.

但是, 当并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时, 根据意义一致原则, 谓语动词用单数形式。

1) Trial and error is the source of knowledge.

2) If law and order is not preserved,neither the citizen nor his property is safe.

2. 当主语前或后跟有with, along with, together with, as well as, as much as, accompanied by, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, except, like, plus, including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 谓语动词的单、复数形式依照语法一致原则, 取决于主语的单、复数形式。如果主语为单数形式, 动词用单数形式; 如果主语为复数形式, 动词用复数形式。

1) The hostess dressed in her finest costume, together with the guests of honor, was seated comfortably in the living room.

2) The congressmen, accompanied by secret service agents and aids, are prepared to enter the conventional hall.

3. 当主语为each...and each..., every...and every...等结构时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

Each man and each woman has good reasons to be proud of the work done by their fathers.

4. 当主语为not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor或or连接的并列主语时, 根据就近原则, 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最接近它的名词词组的单、复数形式。

On most American farms, one or two principal products are raised for a cash crop.

四、主语为不定代词的主谓一致问题

主语为不定代词时, 一般遵循语法一致原则, 即表示单数概念的不定代词(如one, nothing, nobody, anyone等)后, 谓语动词用单数形式; 表示复数概念的不定代词(如many, several, both等)后,谓语动词用复数形式。

1) Nobody has given any reasons for Europe's comparative clarity concerning the different functions of men in society.

2) Many of the American writers have to fight their way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder by means of pure bull-headedness.

但是, 有些不定代词, 如all, most, some, any等作主语时, 要遵循意义一致原则: 如所指为单数意义, 谓语动词用单数形式; 如所指为复数意义, 谓语动词用复数形式。

1) Most of the talk was related to the abominable human habitations in that backward region.

2) Most of the poor old women are mummified with age and sun.

另外,还需特别注意的是, 当不定代词either, neither, none等作主语时, 一般根据语法一致原则, 谓语动词用单数形式, 但在非正式文体中, 也可根据意义一致或就近原则, 谓语动词用复数形式。

1) Neither of them has (have) participated in the Olympic Games.

2) None of the cures really works (work).

五、定语从句、what-从句的主谓一致问题

关于定语从句、what-从句的主谓一致问题, 以下几点需特别注意:

1. 关系代词that, who, which在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数与该关系代词的先行词的数相一致。

1) This article deals with the natural phenomenon which is most interesting to all.

2) We offer not a pledge but a request to those nations who have made themselves our adversary.

2. 在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中, 定语从句中谓语动词的单、复数形式一般采用复数形式, 但当one之前有the only等限定词和修饰词语时, 即采用单数形式。

1) David is one of those boys who go out of their way to be helpful.

2) David is the only one of those boys who goes out of his way to be helpful.

3. 当what-从句作主语时, 其后的谓语动词通常按语法一致原则采用单数形式。

What rests in your hands is the final success or failure of our course.

然而, 在下列情况下, 谓语动词用复数形式:

1) 在以what-从句为主语的SVC结构中, 如果主语补语是复数时:

What we pledge to those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe are our best efforts to help them save themselves.

2) 当what-从句的主语和谓语动词均为复数形式时:

Sometimes what appear to be disciplinary problems are easily solved by very elementary applied psychology.

3) 当what-从句是个具有复数意义的并列结构时:

What the both sides are obsessed with and overburdened by are the cost of modern weapons.

Exercises: Choose the correct answer from each pair of options.

1. The president of the college, together with the deans, ________ (is / are) planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.

2. Neither his training nor his experience as a railway engineer ________ (qualifies / qualify) him for his job.

3. Mr. Gilmore is one of those men who ________ (appears / appear) to be friendly, however, it is very hard to deal with him.

4. Neither of the alternatives that had been outlined at the last meeting ________ (was / were) acceptable to the executive committee.

5. There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which ________ (does / do) not bring a return in money to the community.

6. The amount of pressure which the materials are subject to ________ (affects / affect) the quality of the products.

7. The weeds and tall grass in that yard ________ (makes / make) the house look as if it had been vacant for quite some time.

8. Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that ________ (is / are) not fully understood.

9. Just outside of the ruins ________ (is / are) a castle surrounded by high walls and stately trees.

参考答案:

1. is

2. qualifies

3. appear

4. was

5. do

6. affects

7. make

8. are

9. is

初中英语主谓一致详解

主谓一致性 集合名词作主语的主谓一致问题 一、必须用复数的情形 police(警察),people(人),cattle(牛,牲口), clothes(衣服)等集合名词作主语时,谓语总是用复数。如: My clothes were soaked. 我的衣服都湿透了。 The police are looking into the complaint. 警察在了解这项投诉。 Too few people are interested in such music nowadays. 如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。 二、必须用单数的情形 clothing(衣服),poetry(诗歌),baggage / luggage(行李),furniture(家具),scenery(景色),jewellery(珠宝),equipment(设备)等不可数的集合名词用作主语时,其谓语用单数形式。如: Furniture is chiefly made of wood. 家具主要是由木材制造。 Poetry was blooming in China in the Tang dynasty. 中国的诗歌在唐代十分盛行。 3. 可用单数或复数的情形 family(家庭),team(队员),class(班上的全体学生),crowd(人群),government(政府),crew(乘务员),committee(委员会),audience(听众),public(公众)等集合名词用作主语时,其谓语既可用单数,也可用复数:当它们被视为整体时,谓语用单数;当它们强调个体时,谓语用复数。如: My family is very large. 我家人很多。(视为整体) His family are waiting for him. 他家里人在等他。(强调个体成员) 注:有时没有特定的上下文,用单数或复数谓语区别不大。如: The public are [is] requested not to leave litter in the park.要求公众在公园不要乱扔东西。 the rest (of)等作主语,谓语的数取决于什么 请看下面两道题: a. The rest of the boys __________ watching TV. b. The rest of the money __________ stolen. A. were,were B. was,were C. were,was D. was,was 此题应选C。all,most,some,half,percent,the rest等词语后接介词of再接名词用作主语时,若该名词为可数名词的复数形式,则其谓语要用复数形式; 若该名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式,则其谓语要用单数形式: 1. a. Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中大部分是坏的。 b. Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果坏了一大部分。 c. Most of the time was spent on it. 这上面花了大部分时间。 2. a. Half of the buildings were destroyed in the fire. 有一半的楼房在大火中被毁。 b. Half of the building was destroyed in the fire. 这座大楼在大火中有一半被毁。 c. Half of the money was spent on foo d. 有一半的钱用来买食物。 3. a. 30 percent of the workers here are women. 这里的工人有30%是女性。 b. 30 percent of the work has been done. 有30% 的工作已完成。 c. 30 percent of the wall has been painte d. 墙壁有30%已被刷漆。 并列主语受every, each修饰时谓语用单数还是复数 请看两个句子: Every boy and girl __________ the film. Each boy and girl __________ the film. A. likes,likes B. like,like C. likes,like D. like,likes 此题应选A。该题容易误选B,认为主语部分含有boy 和girl 两部分,应该用复数。其实当两个并列主语受到each,every,no等词修饰时,其谓语通常要用单数: Each boy and (each) girl was in white. 每个男孩和女孩都穿着白衣服。 Every man and woman was interested in it. 每一个男人和女人都对此感兴趣。 Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。 Every man and (every) woman in the village knows this. 这个村子里的男男女女都知道这事。 Every boy and every girl is given an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被发给一个苹果。 No teacher and (no) student was present. 没有一个老师和学生出席。 He listened carefully,but no sound and no voice was heard. 他仔细地听,但是没听到一点声音。 we each等作主语谓语用单数还是复数 we each等作主语时,谓语动词应用复数,因为当we each作主语时,真正的主语是we,其后的each是修

(完整word版)主谓一致 详解 超详细

1、形式一致 主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式 主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式 2、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的清况 1)当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时,把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt. Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me. 2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名,谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时,常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时,谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有:economics经济学electronics电子学 physics物理学politics政治学 mathematics数学statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family. His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend. Politics is his favorite subject. Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce. Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn. 3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词,如:machinery(机械),clothing(衣服),luggage(行李),furniture(家具),equipment(设备),jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。如:My luggage was sent by air. The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain. 4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语,谓语动词通常用单数: Playing with fire is dangerous. 注意:若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句,表示两个不同的概念,则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念,则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit. When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided. 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct.What he gave me are five English books. 谓语动词用复数的情况 1)由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时,指的是复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如: Fire and water do not agree. 注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,则两个名词共用一个冠词,谓语动词必须用单数。

【英语】中考英语主谓一致100及答案经典

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