全新版大学英语快速阅读4 中英文对照

Unit 1

1号机组

Alone in the Arctic Cold

一个人在北极严寒

Day had broken exceedingly cold and gray, when the man turned aside from the main Yukon

一天打碎了非常寒冷和灰色,当那个人偏离主要育空





trail and climbed the slope, where a dim and little-traveled trail led eastward through the

试验和爬上斜坡,在那里的是一个朦胧而过去向东穿过了踪迹





pine forest. The slope was steep, and he paused for breath at the top. There was no sun nor

松林之间。坡率陡峭,而且他停顿了一下喘不过气来保持最佳的状态。没有太阳和





hint of sun, though there was not a cloud in the sky. It was a clear day, and yet there

缕阳光,尽管他天空无云。这是一个晴朗的日子,但在那里





seemed to be a mist over the face of things, that made the day dark. This fact did not worry

似乎是一个蒙上了一层水汽表面看来,把这天黑暗。这个事实不担心





the man. He was used to the lack of sun.

那个人。他被用来缺乏阳光。

The man looked back along the way he had come. The Yukon River lay a mile wide and hidden

那人回头而且他已经来了。育空河打下英里宽藏起来了





under three feet of ice. On top of this ice were as many feet of snow. It was unbroken

以下3英尺的冰。这个世界上的冰一样多英尺的积雪。这是连续的





white, save for a dark hairline that was the trail that led south five hundred miles to the

白色的,除了一个黑暗的发际线了痕迹,向南延伸达500英里去的





Chilcoot Pass.

库特关口。

But all this—the mysterious, far-reaching hairline trail, the absence of sun from the sky,

但是,整个神秘,深远的发际线跟踪,没有太阳从天空,





the tremendous cold, and the strangeness and weirdness of it all—made no impression on the

巨大的冷的,陌生和怪异的没有什么印象all-made上了





man. He was a newcomer in the land and this was his first winter. The trouble with him was

的人。他是新来的人在这地,这是他的第一个冬天。他的问题





that he was without imagination. He was quick and alert in the things of life, but only in

他是缺乏想象力。他很快和警惕在生活的一切,但只有在





the things, and not in the significances. Fifty degrees below zero meant eighty-odd degrees

去吧,而不是在意义。意思eighty-odd零下五十度学位





of frost. Such fact impressed him as being cold and uncomfortable, and that was all. It did

霜。这样的事实了冷漠,而且不舒服,就这些。它并





not lead him to think about man 's weakness in general, able only to live within certain

不带他去思考男人的一般是脆弱,能够只活在确定的





narrow limits of heat and cold. Fifty degrees below zero

stood for a bit of frost that hurt

限度窄的热量和冷。零下五度代表点冰霜伤害





and that must be guarded against by the use of thick, warm clothing. Fifty degrees below

必须提防,利用厚,暖和的衣服。50度以下





zero was to him just precisely fifty degrees below zero. That there should be anything more

零是他就精确50度零度以下。应该有其他东西了





to it than that was a thought that never entered his head.

可那是一个思想,从来没有进过他的头上。

As he turned to go on, he spat speculatively. There was a sharp, explosive crackle that

当他转身要走,他吐不确定。就有一个陡坡、易爆裂纹





startled him. He spat again. And again, in the air, before it could fall to the snow, the

他的震惊。他吐了。又一次,空气里之前,这可能下降至雪





spittle crackled. He knew that at fifty below spittle crackled on the snow, but this spittle

吐口唾沫裂了。他知道五十岁的唾沫在雪地上闪现下面,但这吐口唾沫





had crackled in the air. Undoubtedly it was colder than fifty below—how much colder he did

空气中闪现了。毫无疑问这个五十个更加寒冷below-how要冷得多了





not know. But the temperature did not matter. He was bound for the old mine on the left fork

不知道。但是温度还显得无关紧要。他注定的老我的左边叉子





of Henderson Creek where the boys were already. They had come over the hill from the Indian

汉德森的孩子们在小溪了。他们来了在山上从印度人





Creek country, while he had come the roundabout way to take a look at the possibilities of

小河的国家,虽然他来拐弯抹角看一看的可能性





getting out logs in the spring from the islands in the Yukon. He would be in to camp by six

走出木材来源于群岛的育空。他要在六营地





o'clock; a bit after dark, it was true, but the boys would be there, a fire would be going,

点,有点天黑之后,这是真的,但男孩们会去,火灾的去,





and a hot supper would be ready.

和热晚饭将为此做好准备。

He plunged in among the big pine trees. The trail was faint. He was glad he was without a

他陷入水中在大松树。踪迹减弱了。他很高兴他没有





sled, traveling light. In fact, he carried nothing but the lunch wrapped in the

雪橇、旅游的光。事实上,他带着什么都是用午餐





handkerchief. He was surprised, however, at the cold. It certainly was cold, he concluded,

手帕。他很惊奇,然而,在寒冷。当然很冷,他总结道,





as he rubbed his numb nose and cheekbones with his gloved hand.

他又揉麻木,鼻子和颧骨和他"握"手。









Memories of Afghanistan

阿富汗的记忆

Afghanistan—a country on the brink of a hu

manitarian disaster, a land filled with fleeing

Afghanistan-a国家一场人道主义灾难的边缘的土地,充满了逃离





refugees, starving people, and turbaned terrorists in training camps. TV pictures tell the

难民,饥饿的人,turbaned恐怖分子在训练营。电视画面告诉





story of a country in ruin and poverty, a country brought almost to total destruction by

一个国家的故事破坏和贫穷的国家,几乎完全摧毁了





twenty years of war and struggle. Yet once—though poor—this was a proud nation, and a

二十年的战争和斗争。然而once-though poor-this真是一个值得骄傲的那国,并有





beautiful country, and one that had survived many centuries of harsh history. Not too long

美丽的国家,还能存活下来,许多世纪的严酷的历史。不要太长





ago, it was a country in peace, and one with a rich cultural heritage ...

前,它还是一个国家在和平,有丰富的文化遗产…

Apart from the nations of Europe, there are few countries in the world that have never been

除了欧洲国家,很少有国家在这个世界上,从来没有





under colonial rule—or at least never in recent times: Afghanistan was one of them. Many

在殖民rule-or至少从不在最近的几次,:阿富汗是其中之一。许多





centuries ago, Genghis Khan 's troops rode down from Mongolia, mercilessly killing the

几个世纪以前,成吉思汗的那军队策马撞倒从蒙古、无情地杀死了





mountain tribesmen of Afghanistan who dared to resist the invader; but apart from this

阿富汗的部落山敢于抵抗侵略者;但除此之外





humiliating period in time, the Afghans—who are in fact a mixture of three separate ethnic

羞辱时期Afghans-who,在时间,其实是一种混合的三个独立的民族





groups—have held their heads high in the face of invasion.

groups-have把头抬得高高的面对的入侵。

The country that is now at the centre of the world 's attention was once one of the world 's

现在在这个国家曾是世界的中心的注意是曾经是世界上的





proudest nations, and a nation that other countries invaded at their own risk. In the 19th

最引以为傲的国家,国家,其它国家入侵在自身的危险。在19





century the armies of the British Empire knew that Afghanistan was not a country to

世纪大英帝国的军队知道阿富汗不是一个国家





interfere with.

干预的。

A hundred and twenty years ago, in 1881, British soldiers were nonetheless stationed in the

共二十年前,1881年,英国士兵被然而驻





Afghan capital, Kabul. They were there for two reasons, firstly to help stop the Russians

阿富汗首都喀布尔。他们在这里有两点原因,首先要阻止俄罗斯人





from invading the country, and secondly to ens

ure the existence of an independent buffer-

侵入全国各地,其次为保证方程有一个独立的缓冲-





state between the Russian Empire to the north, and the British Empire in India (modern

俄罗斯帝国的状态与向北,在印度和大英帝国(现代





Pakistan) to the south east.

巴基斯坦)至东南亚。

Queen Victoria would have liked to add Afghanistan to her empire, but her soldiers never

维多利亚女王都愿意加入阿富汗到她的帝国,但她的士兵永远不会





succeeded in this mission, though they tried, and failed. In 1879, the whole British Mission

成功地这个使命,虽然他们试著,但失败了。在1879年,整个英国的使命





(embassy) in Kabul, including servants, was massacred by a group of rebel Afghan soldiers,

在喀布尔人员,包括侍者,是由一群屠杀了叛军阿富汗士兵,





furious because they had not been paid by their own king, Mohammed Yacoub. Yacoub was

雷霆,因为他们而尚未支付被他们自己的国王,穆罕默德Yacoub。Yacoub是





friendly to the British, so the British got the blame. The story of the Kabul Massacre was

友好的英国,所以英国得到的指责。喀布尔的故事大屠杀是





remembered for a long time by the British in India, and recorded by several Victorian

记得长期受到英国在印度,并记录由几个维多利亚女王时代的





writers and poets.

作家和诗人。

Other bloody events also marked the relationship between the British and the Afghans in the

其他血腥事件之间的关系也标志着英国和阿富汗人在





19th century. In 1842, in the notorious battle of the Khyber Pass, a complete British army

19世纪。1842年,在其声名狼藉觉得之战通过,一套完整的英军





was massacred by Afghans as they returned from a short raid into the country. Just one man,

他们是由阿富汗屠杀了短回来袭击进入这个国家。只是一个人,





a doctor, managed to survive the massacre, and make his way back to the safety of India, to

医生,设法生存大屠杀发生,使他的方式回到印度,安全





tell the story of the terrible event.

讲述故事的这一可怕的事件。

Though the world has changed a lot since Victorian times, Afghanistan has changed little. In

尽管这个世界已经发生了很大的改变,阿富汗当局自维多利亚时代以来,没有什么改变。在





many ways, the Taliban have even moved the country back in time, to a dark age of ignorance,

许多方面,塔利班甚至把国家回到过去,一个黑暗时代的无知,





intolerance and repression; but even without the Taliban, Afghanistan would still, today, be

偏狭和压抑,但是,即使没有塔利班,阿富汗仍然,今天





one of the world's most undeveloped nations. Land-locked, aside from mos

t modern routes of

世界上最不发达的国家。Land-locked,除了最现代化的路线





communication, and broken up by the mighty Hindu Kush mountains and by vast deserts,

沟通、的,长了霉了强大的兴都库什山脉和深受广大沙漠,





Afghanistan, like the "tribal territory" of northwest Pakistan, has remained fiercely

阿富汗,象“部落领土”,都始终巴基斯坦西北的加剧





independent from outside interference, and strongly attached to its traditional ways.

独立于外界干扰,大力在它的传统方式。

For the last twenty-five years, the Afghan people have suffered from war and destruction:

在过去的25年中,阿富汗人民饱受战争和摧毁:





the overthrow of the monarchy, then the invasion by the Soviet Union in 1978, then the war

推翻帝制,然后入侵苏联在1978年,那么这场战争





against the Soviets, then the struggle for control of the country between the Taliban and

对苏联,然后争取控制的塔利班和国家之间





the supporters of General Massoud, now the massive departure of a people on the verge of

一般的支持者萨尼,现在大量离开的边缘在





starvation, driven from their homes as much by fear of the Taliban as by the threat of

饥饿、赶出自己的家园一样,被害怕塔利班的威胁的





military invasion.

军事入侵。

Yet in spite of all this, despite the destruction of a large part of their country, the

虽有这一切的事,尽管很大一部分的破坏他们的国家





Afghan people remain kind and hospitable. Older Afghans remember back to a past, when they

阿富汗人仍然友善、好客。年长的阿富汗人回忆过去,当他们





lived in peace and relative security; younger Afghans, who have never known an era of peace,

生活在平静和相对安全;年轻的阿富汗人,他从来不知道和平的时代,





look forward to the day when a new age of peace will come. Hopefully, that new dawn will not

期待着有一天,和平的新时代来。真希望那崭新的黎明





be too far away.

太遥远。









The Conquest of Mt. Jolmo Lungma

征服太。珠峰

It was 11: 30 a.m. My first sensation was one of relief—relief that the long climb was

那是11:30营业。我的第一感觉是relief-relief,长时间的攀登





over; that the summit had been reached before our oxygen supplies had dropped to a critical

在峰会,已经具备在我们的氧气供应已经降到了一个至关重要的





level; and the relief that in the end the mountain had been kind to us in having a

水平;、救济,到后来,这座山被客气的对我们来说有一个





pleasantly rounded cone for its summit instead of a fearsome and unapproachable steep cliff.

因其峰会锥圆形愉快而不是可怕而无与伦比

的陡峭的悬崖上。





But mixed with the relief was a vague sense of astonishment that I should have been the

但和莫名的赈灾是展现出惊愕的表情,我应该的





lucky one to attain the ambition of so many brave and determined climbers. It seemed

幸运达到最大的心愿,那么多勇敢的和坚定的人。似乎





difficult at first to grasp that we had got there. I was too tired and too conscious of the

难懂掌握,我们已经到了。我太累了,太意识





long way down to safety really to feel any great joy. But as the fact of our success thrust

很长的一段路下来,获得了安全真的感觉到有什么巨大的乐趣。但这一事实我们的成功的推力





itself more clearly into my mind, I felt a quiet glow of satisfaction spread through my body

本身更清楚我的心思,我觉得一个安静的辉光满足感传遍我的身体





—a satisfaction more powerful than I had ever felt on a mountain top before. I turned and

-满意,能力比我更大所感到得之前在山顶上。我转身





looked at my guide, Tenzing. Even beneath his oxygen mask and the icicles hanging from his

看着我的向导,登。即使掩藏在氧气罩和冰柱悬在他





hair, I could see his infectious grin of sheer delight. But this was not enough for Tenzing,

头发,我可以看见他的传染病是喜悦的微笑。但这不够登,





and impulsively he threw his arm around my shoulders and we thumped each other on the back

他把他的,不由自主地搂着我的肩膀和协助对方的背部





in mutual congratulations.

在相互的祝贺。

But we had no time to waste. First I must take some photographs and we would hurry down. I

但我们没有时间可以浪费了。首先我必须拍一些照片,而且我们也快下楼来。我





turned off my oxygen and took the set off my back. I remembered all the warnings I had had

关掉了我生命的氧气,把出发我的背上。我记得警告我





of the possible fatal consequences of this, but for some reason felt quite confident that

可能致命的后果,但出于某种原因,感到很有信心





nothing serious would result. I took my camera out of the pocket of my windproof jacket and

没什么严重的结果。我拿出照相机到我的口袋里的夹克





clumsily opened it with my thickly gloved hands. I clipped on the lens hood and ultra-violet

笨拙地打开它和我的厚手套的手。我夹在遮光罩和紫外线





filter and then shuffled down the ridge a little so that I could get the summit into my

过滤,然后们沿着山脊一点,以便我可以买得到峰会进我的





viewfinder. Tenzing had been waiting patiently, but now, at my request, he unfurled the

取景器。登已经耐心地等待着,但现在,在我的请求下,他展开了

flags wrapped around his ice-axe and standing on the summit held them above his head. Clad

旗帜缠在了他的ice-axe站在山顶使他们保持在他的头上。穿衣





in all his bulky equipment and with the flags flapping furiously in the wind, he made a

在他笨重设备和有小旗在风中扑疯狂,他做了一个





dramatic picture, and the thought drifted through my mind that this photograph should be a

戏剧性的图片,和思想中漂流这张照片我认为应该是一个





good one if it came out at all. I did not know, he had never taken a photograph before and

好如果就出来了。我不知道,他从来没有采取了相片前面





the summit of Jolmo Lungma was hardly the place to show him now.

珠峰的顶峰的地方几乎没有给他了。

I climbed up to the top again and started taking a photographic record in every direction.

我爬上了上了,开始抢一个摄影记录每个方向。





The weather was still extraordinarily fine. From our viewpoint I could see all the northern

天气还非常好。从我们的观点我能看到所有的北部





slopes of the mountain and was immediately struck by the possibility of a feasible route to

山坡上了山,顿时可行的路线的可能性





its summit. With a growing feeling of excitement, I took another photograph to study at

它的首脑会议。不断增长的兴奋的感觉,我把学习另一张照片





leisure on returning to civilization. Almost under our feet, it seemed, was the famous North

休闲回到文明。几乎在我们的脚下,似乎就是著名的天津北方





Col glacier, where so many epic deeds of courage and endurance were performed by the earlier

西冰川,在如此多的史诗的行为的勇气和耐力进行了必要的更早





British Expeditions. It was a sobering thought to remember how often these men had reached

英国考察活动。这是一个清醒地想要记住这些男人有多久了





9,000m without the benefits of our modern equipment and reasonably efficient oxygen sets.

9,000m没有好处我们的现代化的设备,合理有效的氧气套。





Inevitably my thoughts turned to Mallory and Irving, who had lost their lives on the

不可避免地我的思想转向马罗礼与欧文,谁已失去了他们的生命





mountain 30 years before.

30年前就山。









Buzz-bombs and Doodlebugs

Buzz-bombs和Doodlebugs

In 1944 I was a schoolboy of 15. I had not been in London during the Blitz of 1940-41, but I

我有一种自己还是高中生在1944年15。我没有在伦敦的在猛烈空袭期间,1940-41,但我





returned to the family home in South London in 1942 and went to school there. It has to be

回到家在伦敦南部1942年的今天,在那儿上学。它必须是





remembered that for nearly three ye

ars, from 1941 to 1944, there was almost no bombing at

想起了将近3年,从1941年至1944年,那时几乎没有什么轰炸





all. Then in February 1944 Germany launched what became known as the "little Blitz". This

所有的人。然后在1944年2月发射德国成为了所谓的“小闪电战”。这





went on for a few days, but was on nothing like the scale of the bombing of 1940-41, still

了几天,而在它一点都不像大规模的轰炸1940-41,还





less the massive Anglo-American air raids then being directed at Germany.

巨大的盎格鲁血统的美国人少空袭就被针对德国。

In June 1944 the first flying bombs fell on London; they were usually called "buzz-bombs" or

1944年6月份的一次飞行炸弹落在伦敦,他们常常被称为“buzz-bombs”或





"doodlebugs". It was not clear what they were at first, as they were obviously not dropped

“doodlebugs”。目前尚不清楚他们在第一,正如显然他们没有下降





from a plane. Then it was understood that they were in effect self-propelled pilotless

从一架飞机。然后它是了解到他们是有效推进的无人驾驶





aircraft, which when they reached their maximum range would crash with their explosive load.

飞机,当他们到达其最大范围坠毁中他们爆炸性的负荷。





At first only one or two fell, but soon it became obvious that a regular bombardment was

起初只有一两跌倒了,但很快就变得越来越明显,一个好的轰炸





under way.

在进行中。

The most noticeable aspect of the doodlebugs was their sound, which was quite unlike any

最值得注意的方面是他们的声音doodlebugs,实在很不一样的





ordinary plane; it had a strange tearing and rasping sound, more like a motorcycle. It soon

普通飞机,它有一种奇特的声音,守护的眼泪及更像一个摩托车。很快就





acquired a disquieting and disturbing quality, and prompted unbecoming reactions. If the

获得了恶躁和不安的质量,促使“反应。如果





motor cut out when the weapon was approaching, then it was likely to drop nearby and one

当电机削减武器正在来临,然后它是有可能把附近的





tried to take shelter; if it continued its flight, one could feel relieved: someone else

试着去庇护;如果它继续其飞行中,一个人可以放心:别人





would be the victim. South London was on their regular flight path, and many of them fell

将受害者。伦敦南部在他们的正常航班的道路,也有许多人仆倒





nearby, causing damage and loss of life. Our house suffered broken glass and a ceiling down

在附近,造成的伤害及生命的损失。我们的房子遭受了碎玻璃和天花板下来





but no serious damage.

但伤势并不严重。

There was a particularly bad incident on

28th July 1944 when a flying bomb fell in the main

有一个特别恶劣事件1944年7月28日当飞行炸弹倒落在重要





shopping centre of Lewisham; it penetrated an air raid shelter, causing 51 deaths and many

购物中心的Lewisham,它的空袭了住所,造成51人死亡,很多





casualties. At about that time I was in a street about a quarter of a mile away, conscious

伤亡。那时我在大街上有25英里外,是有意识的





of all the nearby disturbance; what I remember most clearly was seeing bloodstains on the

所有的附近的干扰;我记得最清楚地看到血迹





pavement. Looking back, I am struck by the very matter-of-fact way in which at that age I

人行道上。回想一下,我是被很平静的讨论其他球队在那个年龄的





responded to all this.

对这一切。

In August 1944 I went to stay with an uncle who lived in a village near Canterbury in Kent.

在1944年8月我去留一个叔叔住在附近的村庄在肯特郡坎特伯雷。





This was out of the way of the flying bombs in one sense, as they were directed at London;

这是的方式飞行炸弹从某种意义上讲,因为他们是针对伦敦。





but they often passed overhead as the village was situated in what was called Doodlebug

但他们经常通过治理的村庄坐落也就是在所谓Doodlebug





Alley. Sometimes they would fall in the nearby fields, either because they had fallen short,

最拿手的。有时他们还会落在附近的领域,要么是因为他们没有达到,





or were shot down by fighters. The RAF brought the first jet fighters into operation to try

或被击落的战士。英国皇家空军了第一喷气式战斗机使用尝试





to catch them as they were much faster than piston-engined fighters. They would fly

捉到他们,因为他们远远超过piston-engined战士。他们将坐飞机





alongside them and flip their wing to spill them harmlessly into the open fields below.

在他们的飞翼,然后把他们田野里无害的下面。

I remember sitting on the North Downs with my cousin and his girl-friend, and seeing a

我记得有坐在北方与我的堂弟和他的女友,看见这有





fighter chasing a doodlebug. It crashed somewhere in the distance, which was an exciting

战士追逐doodlebug。它撞远处,这是一场令人兴奋的





spectacle, either shot down or tipped off course by the pursuing plane. Some of them failed

的景象,要么击落或偷了过程追赶的飞机。他们中的一些人没有





to explode and one was put on display at a store in Canterbury.

爆炸,其中一个被展出坎特伯雷一家礼品店里。

There is no doubt that these things did a great deal of damage in London within the space of

毫无疑问,这事一场巨大的破坏在伦敦的空间内





a few week

s. The allied armies were advancing on the launching sites in Northern France and

几个星期。多国部队在网站的发展在法国北部发射





Belgium, and there was concern that they would not get there in time to prevent more damage

比利时、有担心,自己也不能及时赶到那里阻止更多的伤害





and loss of life.

和人员伤亡。

Soon, however, they were replaced by the far more frightening V2 weapons. These were rockets

不久,然而,他们被更多的可怕的V2武器。这些都是火箭





proper, much larger and more destructive which gave no notice at all of their arrival, and

得当,大得多,且更具有破坏性,没有通知到达时,所有的





they continued to fall on London at intervals during the last winter of the war, 1944-45.

他们继续落在伦敦期间的最后一个冬天的间隔的战争,1944-45。


Unit 2

单元二

Atomic Cars

原子汽车

Every motorist dreams of a car of the future that does not have to be refuelled every few

每个司机的梦想未来的汽车,它不必被refuelled每隔几





hundred miles, a car that will cost little to run because there is no outlay on petrol.

100英里,一辆汽车那将花费小跑,因为没有经费油。

"Of course", you hear it said by an optimistic motorist, "the answer is the atom. Harness

“当然”,你听到持乐观的司机,“回答是原子。治理





atomic power in a car, and you'll have no more worries about petrol. The thing will run for

原子能在一辆车里,你就不再担心汽油。将竞选的东西





years without a refill."

年却抓点药。”

And, theoretically, he is right. The answer is the atom. If atomic power could be used in a

而且,从理论上来讲,他是对的。答案是原子。如果原子力量能被用于





car, one small piece of uranium would keep the engine running for twenty or more years. Of

车,一件小的铀要保持发动机正在运转了20年或以上。的





course, this would cut the cost of running a car by quite a few hundred pounds, depending

历程,这将把运行成本相当一辆按不同,几百英镑





upon how much you spend on petrol.

在汽油花了多少钱。

But is this science-fiction-like picture of the atom exploding peacefully beneath the bonnet

但这是原子爆炸的照片science-fiction-like和平在阀盖





of a car possible? In theory it is, since already the atom has been harnessed to drive

一辆汽车可能吗?理论上说,既然已是推广香港的原子开车





submarines, and an atomic engine is already in existence. But, say the experts, there are

潜水艇和原子引擎已经存在。但是,专家们说,那儿有





many problems still to be conquered before such an engine can in fact be fixed into a car.

许多问题仍然是征服主动力前确

实可以被固定到一辆汽车上。

Now what exactly are these problems that stand between you and a car that you will never

现在那是什么问题,站之间你和一辆车,你永远不会





have to refuel? Frankly, most of them can be summed up in one word—radiation. An atomic

需要加油吗?坦白地说,他们中的大多数可以归结为一个word-radiation。原子





reactor, the kind of engine that would produce energy by atom-splitting, throws off

反应堆,这种引擎,会产生能源atom-splitting、摔投了





radiation, extremely dangerous radiation. These rays are just as dangerous as when they are

辐射,非常危险的辐射。这些射线一样是危险的,因为当他们





released from an atomic bomb. This radiation penetrates anything except the thickest

释放原子弹。除了这种辐射穿透的前线





concrete and lead, with fatal results for anybody in its path. Thus, at the moment, any car

混凝土和领先,造成致命的结果对任何人和道路。因此,目前,任何的车





carrying an atomic engine would also have to carry many tons of lead in order to prevent the

带着原子引擎也必须携带大量吨的铅以防止





radiation from escaping.

辐射逃跑。

Since a car made up of tons of lead is rather impracticable, the only answer at the moment

既然一辆车由吨的铅是相当做不到的,唯一的答案的时候。





seems to be the discovery or invention of a metal that will be strong enough to hold in the

似乎是发现和发明出一种金属,这将成为一个坚强的人,能够保持





rays, but at the same time light enough for a vehicle to carry, with ease and economy. Most

射线,但同时足够轻便携带跟车辆,轻松和经济。大多数





likely this metal would have to be synthetic, since no natural metal except lead has yet

这种金属可能要合成,因为没有自然金属除了铅呢





proved fit for the job. When this light metal is invented, the motoring world will be well

证明了适合这个工作。当这轻金属诞生了,汽车的世界将好吗





on the way to an atomic car. However, even after the invention of a protective but light

在原子的车。然而,即使是在保护的发明,但重量轻





metal, two other problems still remain, those of economics and safety.

金属,另外两位问题仍然存在,经济和安全。

It is extremely doubtful whether at the beginning a really economic engine could be made,

这是极为怀疑开始一个真正经济引擎可以被做,





that is, one cheap enough to make it worth putting in a car. But it seems safe to say that

那是一条便宜,让它值得投入一辆车。但似乎有把握说





eventually, as technology and mass production come in atomic engines, the price will go

最终,在技术和大规

模生产进来原子引擎的话,我们的价格将会去





down. This is basic economics, and manufacturers should eventually be able to produce

下来。这是简单的经济学、宏观经济学、制造商最终将会产生





something that will at least be cheaper than having to pay for petrol during the lifetime of

至少有一些价格低于不必支付的一生期间汽油





the car.

那辆车。

But then this third problem still remains, that of safety. Suppose that there is a road

不过这第三个问题,仍然是安全之本。想象一下有一条道路





accident involving one, or perhaps two, atomic cars, and that the atomic reactor or its

事故中,或者也许是两场、原子汽车,原子反应堆或其





protective covering were damaged. Any explosion would be equal to that of a very small

保护,包括被破坏。任何爆炸等于一个非常小的





atomic bomb. The effects of such an explosion would be felt for several miles around. As

原子弹。这一爆炸的影响会感到了几英里左右。作为





will be realised, this is perhaps the biggest problem of all to overcome. Is it possible to

将意识到,这或许是最大的问题来克服。是否有可能





make an atomic engine that will be really safe in every circumstance?

使原子引擎,会很安全的每个情况如何?









Improving Industrial Efficiency Through Robotics

提高工业效益进行机器人

Robots, becoming an increasingly prevalent adjunct in factories and industrial plants

机器人,日益普遍在工厂和辅助工业的植物





throughout the developed world, are programmed and engineered mechanical manipulators

在发达国家,通过编制程序和工程机械有效性





designed to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.

被设计来完成,无须人工干预工业生产任务。

Most of today 's robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed

大多数今天的机器人用于汽车工业,在那里他们被编程





to take over such assembly line operations as welding and spray painting automobile and

接管这样的流水线操作的焊接和喷漆汽车





truck bodies. They also load and unload hot, heavy metal forms used in machines casting auto

卡车的身体。它们也装卸的炽热、笨重的金属铸模的机器铸造汽车





and truck frames. In addition, they install bulbs in instrument panels.

和卡车框架。此外,他们在仪表板安装灯泡。

Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen,

机器人已经接管汽车的领域人类的工作,正在开始被见到,





although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. There they build electric motors,

虽然达到一个较少的程度,在其他的工业中

也。在其它领域机器人用来做电机,





small appliances, pocket calculators, and even watches. The robots used in nuclear power

小的用具,袖珍计算器,甚至是手表。在其它领域机器人用来核电





plants handle the radioactive materials, sparing human personnel exposure to radiation.

植物处理放射性材料,留下人员暴露于辐射。





These are the robots responsible for the reduction in job-related injuries in this new

这样的机器人负责中用来减少职业性伤害在这个新的





industry.

工业。

What makes a robot a robot and not just another kind of automatic machine? Robots differ

什么使机器变成机器人,而不是其他的自动化机器呢?机器人不同





from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be

机器的自动完成某一特定任务后,





reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. As an example, a robot doing spot welding one

电脑重新编程去执行另一个。比如说,一个机器人做点焊





month can be reprogrammed and switched to spray painting the next. Automatic machines, on

月可以重新编程,下个月转向喷漆。自动化机器





the other hand, are less versatile; they are built to perform only one task. Robots are more

另一方面,很少多才多艺,它只是被制造成执行一项任务。机器人更





flexible and adaptable and usually more transportable than other machines.

灵活性和可移动,通常比其他机器。

Future Robots Will See, Touch, and Think

未来机器人将会看到,触觉,和思考

The next generation of robots will be able to see objects, will have a sense of touch, and

下一代机器人将可以看见物体,将有触觉,





will make critical decisions. Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology

能够做关键性的决策。从事电子学和计算机技术





are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to "see," robots can identify

正在研制机器人的人工视觉。有了看的能力后,“机器人能识别





and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials.

和检查一个特定的一类的物体在一堆不同类的材料。





One robot vision system uses electronic digital cameras containing many rows of light-

一种机器人的视觉系统用电子数码相机包含许多一排排的光-





sensitive materials. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera,

敏感的材料。当光从一个物体如一个机械零件罢工镜头,





the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a

测量敏感材料的光的强度、转换成一个光线





range of numbers. The numbers are part of a gray-scale system in which brightnes

s is

范围的数字。这些数字都是部分灰度系统中,亮度





measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15, and another from 0 to 255. The

测量了不同的值。一个刻度范围是0到15,另一个是0到255。这





0 is represented by black. The highest number is white. The numbers in between represent

0是为黑色。最多数量是白色的。这两个数字之间表现甚麽





different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers

各种不同灰度的颜色。计算机进行计算和转换成数字





into a picture that shows an image of the object in question. It is not yet known whether

表明图像物体的形象。尚不清楚





robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. Technicians believe they will, but

机器人会不会有朝一日具有人眼那样的视力。技术人员相信他们会,但





only after years of development.

只有通过多年的发展。

Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of

在其他方面取得进展的工程技术人员正在设计和试验新型的





articulated metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch. Other engineers are

挂接金属手与手指,使机器人具有触觉。其他工程人员正在





writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective

编写新的程序使机器人做出决定,例如是否要报废缺陷





parts in finished products. To do this, the robot will also have to be capable of

部分成品。要做到这一点,机器人还应能





identifying those defective parts.

识别哪些零件有缺陷。

These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make

这些未来的机器人,聚集在一个触觉感和看和做的能力





decisions, will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to prospect for minerals on the

决定,将会有许多工作要做。它们能被用于矿物对前景





ocean floor or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They will work as

海洋地板或深层区域的对人类太危险的地雷进入。它们可以做





gas station attendants, firefighters, housekeepers, and security personnel. The robot

加油站服务人员、消防员、家庭主妇和安全人员的工作。机器人





business will continue to grow also. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future

生意将会继续生长。任何人想要了解未来工业的人





will have to know about robotics.

就必须要了解机器人。









Maglev: A New Generation in Railroad Technology

磁悬浮:新一代于铁路技术

The Japanese have one of the most advanced mass railroad systems in the world. The

日本有一个最先进的

大规模铁路系统,在世界上。这





Shinkansen, referred to as the Bullet Train, covers thousands of kilometers of tracks at

新干线,即所谓“子弹头”列车,占地面积有几千公里的轨道





speeds in excess of 200 kilometers per hour. Each day the more than 270 bullet-nosed trains

以上的速度每小时200公里。每一天都超过270 bullet-nosed火车





convey 340,000 passengers throughout Japan. Since the Japanese system went into service in

34万乘客。日本全国传达因为日本的系统进入服务





1964, the trains have carried more than 1.8 billion travelers without an injury or a

1964年,火车把超过1.8亿游客受伤或者不





fatality. The well-maintained system is not only safe and fast, but it is not petroleum

的死亡率。维修良好的系统不仅安全快捷的,但它不是石油





dependent.

依赖。

The Japanese National Railways made a huge investment in time, money, and technical

日本国家铁路作出了巨大的投资时间、金钱、和技术





personnel in building the Shinkansen. Now, as always, on the cutting edge, they are working

人才新干线建设。现在,像往常一样,最时髦,他们正在工作





on developing the next generation of high-speed supertrains.

在研发新一代高速supertrains。

Technical specialists working at the Japanese National Railways have been experimenting with

技术专家工作在日本全国铁路实验了





a prototype magnetic levitation train. The maglev (an acronym for magnetic levitation) will

一个原型磁悬浮火车。磁悬浮列车(缩写磁悬浮)





actually race along a guideway at almost 500 kilometers per hour, floating on a magnetic

其实种族沿导轨近500公里每小时,是漂浮在一个磁性的





field. The maglev will operate on the basic principles of electromagnetism.

领域。磁悬浮列车将对其进行操作的基本原则,电磁学。

The train depends on magnetism for propulsion, suspension, and braking. Specialized sets of

火车取决于磁为推进,暂停,刹车。专业套





magnetic coils are built into the body framework of the train. Other sets of magnetic coils

磁线圈被造进身体框架在火车后面。其他组磁线圈





are installed in the bottom and sides of a U-shaped guideway that cradles the train. When

安装在底部和两边u形导轨的摇篮,火车。当





electric power is switched on, the coils on the train and in the guideway produce a magnetic

电力时,火车上线圈和导轨产生的磁场





field with north and south poles. The magnetic forces between the coils on the train and the

南北极领域。线圈之间的磁力的火车上了





coils in the guideway can be made to attract or repel each other by changing their polarity.

在导轨线圈可

以互相吸引还是排斥改变他们的极性。





The train is propelled by magnetic attraction between the magnets aboard the train and those

火车的推动下的磁体磁场之间的吸引力,上了火车





on the guideway. As the successive and rapid bursts of magnetism move from coil to coil with

在导轨防护装置。连续的磁性微球的突然迅速离开卷卷





lightning speed, the train accelerates after them, resulting in the forward movement of the

闪电般的速度,火车加速追赶他们,造成向前移动





train. In summary, then, the magnetic coils on the train are attracted by the opposing

火车。总之,那么,磁线圈在火车上反对所吸引





polarity of the guideway coils immediately ahead of them.

同时,我们立即线圈导轨超过他们。”

Magnetism is also used to lift the train off the guideway to reduce friction, diminishing

磁力是也用于电梯火车从导轨为了减少摩擦,减少





wear and tear where the train meets the guideway. The special coils aboard the train and on

火车在磨损和撕裂符合导轨防护装置。特殊的线圈上了火车





the guideway repel each other, making the train float. This repulsion force is so strong

这导轨互相排斥,使火车浮动。这排斥的力量是如此强大





that it can lift a moving 10,000-kilogram train 10 centimeters off the guideway. The braking

它能举起移动10,000-kilogram火车10厘米从导轨防护装置。制动





action is accomplished by changing the polarity of the train coils relative to those of the

行动是通过改变极性完成火车线圈的相对





guideway coils, reversing their relationship from one of attraction between two unlike poles

导轨势线圈,关系之间的吸引力的两个与增长极





to one of repulsion between two like poles.

两间斥力的同性两极。

Japanese National Railway System engineers believe the new maglev trains will be an

日本全国铁路系统工程相信新的磁浮列车将是一个





improvement over the Shinkansen. Not only will the maglev be faster than the Bullet, it will

新干线改善。不仅会磁悬浮列车速度超过了子弹,它会的





be more comfortable and more reliable as well. Since the maglev rides on a magnetic wave, it

更舒适、更可靠。因为磁悬浮列车乘驾磁波,它





has a low noise level and a diminished vibration level. This is an important consideration

有减少、低噪音的振动水平。这是一个重要的考虑





for the people living in neighboring areas, particularly in a country with such high

生活的人,周边地区的国家,特别是在这样的高





population density. Low maintenance is another advantage of the maglev train because of the

人口密度。低维修是磁悬浮列车的另一个

好处因为





fact that the maglev has no moving motor parts or steel wheels as conventional trains do.

事实:磁浮公司没有移动汽车零件或钢传统列车轮子。





This factor virtually eliminates guideway wear and tear and prevents costly breakdowns. In

这个因素几乎消除导轨损耗和防止昂贵的故障。在





addition, much less time will be spent on equipment inspection, track repair, and parts

另外,很短的时间将花在设备检验,跟踪维修、和零件





replacement.

更换。

The Japanese are still conducting test runs of the new prototype maglev train and have been

日本仍然进行测试运行的新原型,磁悬浮列车





running unmanned maglev prototypes since 1972. In 1997, a remote-controlled maglev in

从1972年运行无人磁悬浮原型。在1997年,一场遥控磁悬浮





Miyazaki, Japan, set a world speed record of 341 miles per hour.

宫崎骏、日本、一项世界性的速度纪录的341英里每小时。









Letters: Obsolete Technology

过时的技术字母:

Readers' complaints that our young people are helpless when thrown back on obsolete

读者抱怨我们的年轻人无助的如果扔回到过时了





technology, such as the dial telephone and simple addition, have aroused a protest.

技术,如拨电话和简单的加法,调动了抗议。

You may remember reading here about the fifth-grade pupil who wanted to call home from

你方可能记得阅读这儿的五年级学生想打电话回家





school but didn't know how to use the dial phone, and the ice cream parlor that had to close

学校,但不知道如何使用拨电话,冰淇淋店,不得不关闭





because the computerized cash register broke down.

因为电脑现金出纳机坏了。

These stories suggested that young people are almost wholly dependent on state of the art

这些故事表明年轻人差不多完全依赖于国家的艺术





technology, and also that we older people are becoming obsolete or outdated along with the

技术,也是我们上了年纪的人变得过时或过时的随着





machines of our era.

我们时代的机器。

Perhaps it is the latter that hurts.

或许它是后者很痛。

John A. Junot wants to know whether, if my car broke down, I would know how to ride a horse.

约翰答:Junot想知道,如果我的汽车抛锚的时候,我将会知道如何去骑一匹马。





I might be willing to try. But the problem is—where could I ride one?

我可能是愿意尝试。但问题is-where我可以骑的吗?

Junot suggests that I would either get the car repaired or replace it. That is what today 's

Junot建议我也不会把车送去维修或更换。这就是今天的





young engineers do when their computers break down, he points out.

年轻的工程师做”,当她们的

电脑崩溃,他指出。

In that respect I am as dependent on modern technology as the young. I have allowed myself

在这方面我也依赖于现代技术为年轻。我已经让我





to become wholly dependent on my computer, and when it breaks down I am like a man cast

成为完全依赖我的电脑,并且当它打破了我像一个人施放





adrift at sea in a small boat.

在海上漂浮的一只小船。

"Cultures do not lose arts and skills," Junot argues. "They abandon them. Calculating by

不要失去“文化艺术和技术,Junot下降。“他们抛弃他们。计算





slide rule is in exactly the same class as archery, blacksmithing, sailing, hand-weaving and

计算尺已经完全相同的上课,射箭、锻造、帆船、等





drawing. To the extent that those things are done, they are done by hobbyists, historians

图。在某种程度上,那些事物被做,他们做是爱好者,历史学家





and cultural anthropologists and are preserved mainly by librarians."

和文化人类学家和保留主要由馆员。”

Junot points out that certain ancient skills, such as archery and sailing, are themselves

Junot指出,某些古老的技能,如射箭和帆船运动,是自己





improved by modern technology. "Robin Hood probably couldn't shoot one of today 's graphite/

提高了现代技术。“罗宾汉可能不能把一个的今天的石墨/





epoxy compound bows."

环氧化合物的蝴蝶结。”

He says: "And so to that fifth-grader who didn't know how to dial a dial-type phone, you

他说:”,所以,没有人知道如何fifth-grader拨一个拨号型电话,你





imply that the boy was somehow culturally deprived, and that it would 'come in handy' if he

那男孩在某种程度上暗示的文化,它将会被剥夺的派上用场“如果他





learned."

学习。”

"I fail to see how. Rotary-dial phones are going the way of high-button shoes; they are

“我不明白。Rotary-dial电话的的比赛方式high-button鞋,他们是





uncommon now and doomed to extinction simply because you can't talk to computers with a

现在,注定要灭绝的不凡,只是因为你不能跟计算机,





rotary-type phone."

rotary-type电话。”

Junot points out that the first computers are already obsolete. I know what he means. I

Junot指出,第一批计算机过时了。我知道他是什么意思。我





bought the first IBM Personal Computer on the market. Recently I blew what is known as the

买了第一IBM的个人电脑市场。最近我吹了所谓的





"mother card." It was replaced by a more advanced clone card that is not perfectly

“母亲卡。”这是被一种更先进的克隆卡片不是完美的





compatible with my machine. I have had little but misery with it ever since.

符合我的洗衣机。我有小但是,

不幸与它至今。

Junot says it would have been impossible for the ice cream clerks to go on doing business,

Junot说是不可能冰淇淋职员去做业务,





making their calculations by hand, when their computerized register failed.

使他们的计算用手,当他们的电脑注册失败了。

"Well, before cash registers were invented, business was done that way. And employees stole

“恩,在收款机被发明,事业是那样做。和员工偷了





because it was easy. Cash registers were invented precisely to keep employees honest, and to

因为它是件容易的事。收款机被发明就是让员工真诚,





protect them from charges of dishonesty ... "

保护他们免受费用的欺骗…“

"Furthermore, computerized receipts are used for computing sales tax and the printouts for

“此外,计算机化的收入用于计算销售税和打印





people buying on expense accounts. Are you suggesting that the kids give the businessman and

的人购买费用帐户。你是在暗示孩子们给商人和吗





the tax man numbers scribbled on the backs of paper sacks? The manager was probably only

税务员编号潦草的背上纸袋子吗?经理很可能仅仅





following the company policy when he closed the store."

遵守公司政策时,他关闭店铺。”

"Evidently, then, we have seen the end of mental calculations. Those fast-food computers

“很明显,然后结束,我们看到了心理计算。那些快餐电脑





even note the amount of money the customer pays and also the exact amount of change due. The

甚至可见大量金钱客户自付的确切数额的变化原因。这





clerk doesn't even have to figure out how much change is due from a $ 10 bill, nor does the

店员甚至没有数字从许多变化源于一张10美元的纸币,也没有了





customer, since he can assume that the computer doesn't err."

客户,因为他会假设的电脑都不会错了。”

It's OK with me. I never was any good at arithmetic, anyway, and I 'm glad I have lived long

这对我来说是合适的。我没有擅长算术,无论如何,我真高兴我住久了





enough to see it become obsolete.

能够看到它过时了。

Meanwhile, Barbara Jones of Santa Barbara wonders how children can ever learn how to tell

与此同时,芭芭拉·琼斯圣巴巴拉奇迹孩子如何能学习如何知道





time when all they see are digital watches.

时候所有他们看到的是数字手表。

And Sally Wade wonders, "How will tomorrow 's adult (today 's child) ever master a wrench,

伟德和莎莉奇迹,“那就会明天的成年人(今天的孩子不会)主人扳手,





spigot, tap, screw or the like when the directions tell him/ her to turn it 'clockwise' or

终止,水龙头,螺杆或像当方向告诉他/她关的顺时针”或





'counterclock

wise' in this age of digital clocks?"

逆时针方向”的这个时代的数字钟啊?”

Why would tomorrow 's adult ever have to use a wrench or a screwdriver?

为什么明天的成人以往任何时候都必须使用扳手或螺丝刀吗?

Anyway, I think schoolroom clocks still have hands.

无论如何,我认为课堂时钟仍然有手。

I will give the last word to Barbara L. Sigman of Simi Valley:

我要给最后一句话Simi >,芭芭拉平原的西

"I cannot let your article escape me without at least a murmur of protest. The 'young' are

“我不会让你的文章从我这里逃走需要至少一种模糊的抗议。“年轻的”





not all a bunch of mindless, although charming, beautiful and healthy people, as you imply

不完全是在一系列愚蠢的,虽然迷人、美丽、健康的人说过,当你不意味





... Some of us read Shakespeare, Flaubert, and even Voltaire! Better yet, we can dial

…我们中的一些人读莎士比亚,《福楼拜,甚至伏尔泰!还有更好的,我们可以拨





telephones and we can make change. And a few of us know a tiny bit about history, too."

电话,我们可以做出改变。和一些人都知道一丁点儿对历史也是这样想的。”

Thank you, Ms. Sigman.

谢谢你,女士西格曼。

I 'm glad to know that all is not lost.

很高兴知道不是全盘皆输。



Unit 3

第三单元

How to Prepare for an Interview

如何准备面试

Being interviewed is a situation that nearly everyone faces at some time in life, whether

接受采访是一种情况下,几乎每个人都面临着在某些时候,不管生活中





for college or for a job. Most people face this ordeal with anxiety and even fear. However,

为大专和寻求一份工作。大多数人们面对这个严酷的甚至是恐惧和焦虑。然而,





people who prepare for an interview avoid much of this anxiety. Preparing for an interview

那些准备面试避免许多这样的焦虑。面试准备工作





involves doing advance research, choosing the right outfit, and planning appropriate

包括做研究进展,选择正确的外套搭配,并且安排适当的





communication with the interviewer.

沟通的面试官。

Doing research before the actual interview will increase the chances for a successful

做研究在实际面试的机会增加成功





interview. Find out the location of the interview site and decide how to travel there to

面试。找出面试的位置网站,并决定如何去那里





arrive on time. Nothing makes as poor an impression on an interviewer as arriving late. In

准时到达。没有任何东西能让穷面试者的印象,迟到。在





addition, learn about the company or institution where you are being interviewed. This will

另外,了解公司或机构你在哪里接受采访。这将





h