人教版高中英语必修一uint1---unit4全部语法语言点(教案+试卷)

Unit 1 Friendship

I. Words and Phrases

1. Are you good to your friends?你对你的朋友好吗?

be good to=be kind to:对......友善(opp.) be bad to

eg: Thought he looks cold, in fact, he is always good to others.

尽管他看起来冷淡,但实际上他一向对人友善。

拓展:⑴.be good at sth./doing sth. 擅长于(做)......

⑵.be good for 对......有好处/有益(opp.) be bad for

★⑶.do good(n.) to 给......带来好处或益处

eg: Eat more fruit, and it will do good to you.

多吃水果,那会使你受益。(opp.) do harm to

2. Make the following survey.

‵survey (n.) 调查,测验;民意调查,民意测验

eg:①.The school carried out a survey to find who is the most popular among students.

学校进行了一次调查,看看谁在学生中最受欢迎。

②.In order to know what the people need most, the government has done many

surveys.

为了弄清楚人们最迫切的需要,政府进行了多次民意测验。

sur‵vey (v.) 调查,测验;进行民意调查,进行民意测验

eg: We surveyed 500 smokers and found over three quarters would like to give up.

我们对500个吸烟者进行了调查,发现四分之三的人想要戒烟。

3. Add up your score and see how many point s you can get.

把你的分数加起来,看看你能得多少分。

add (vt.) 增加;添加;补充说(vi.) 加,加起来;增添

eg: The visiting leader expressed his satisfaction(满意) with these talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.来访的领导表达了对这几次会议的满意,并补充说他很喜欢呆在这里。

add up sth.=add sth. up(vt.) 把......加起来;合计

eg: ①.Add up these numbers and you will get 100.

把这些数字加起来,你就能得到100。

②.Please add all the money up.

请把所有的钱加起来。

add up(vi.) 算总数,做加法

eg: ①.The waiter can’t add up.

这个服务员不会算帐。

②.Her seven-year-old son can’t add up properly.

她七岁的儿子不会做加法。

拓展:★⑴.add up to 合计达......,共计

eg: ①.His whole school education added up to no more than one year.

他所受的全部学校教育加起来只不过一年。

②.The students in the school add up to 3000. 在校学生共计3000。

★⑵.add to 增加,增添

eg: ①.The bad weather added to our difficulty.

恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。

②.This garden will add to the beauty of our school.这座花园将为我们

学校增添美丽。

add sth. to… 把......加到.....上/里

eg:①.please add my name to the list.

请把我的名字加到名单上。

②.If the tea is too strong, add some hot water to it.

如果茶太浓,加点开水。

point (n.) 分数,得分

eg: ①.In the game we got ten points while the Medical School got only three.

比赛中我们得了十分,而医学院只得了三分。

②.Australia finished 20 points ahead.

澳大利亚最终以20分的优势领先。

point (n.) 点;小数点

eg: ①.4.5 reads four point five.

4.5读作four point five。

②.What do these red points stand for on the map?

地图上的这些红点表示什么?

point (n.) 观点、论点

eg: She made several interesting points in the article.

她在文章中提出了几个有趣的观点。

拓展:★①.strong point 优点、强项weak point 弱点、缺点

②.to the point 切题,切中要害off the point 离题

③.be on/at the point of doing sth. 正要干某事的时候

eg: He was on the point of leaving home when the bell rang.

他正要出门的时候,门铃响了。

point (v.) to/at 指着,指向

辨析:表远指用point to;表无敌意也用point to

表近指用point at;表含敌意也用point at

eg: ①.It’s no polite to point at others.

指着别人是不礼貌的。

②.He pointed at the book he wanted.

他指着他想要的那本书。

③.He pointed to a house in the distance and said that was his grandparents’.

他指着远处的一所房子说那是他祖父母的。

★point (v.) sth. at sb./sth.用某物瞄准、对准某人或某物

eg: The hunter pointed his gun at the bear.

猎人用枪对准了那只熊。

★point (v.) out指★出

eg: He pointed out my mistakes in my composition.

他指出了我作文中的错误。

4. Your friend comes to school very upset.你朋友来到学校,

5. 心情很不

6. 好。

upset (adj.) 心烦意乱的;不舒服的

upset 在本句中作主语补足语,表示主语的状态或说明主语的特征。

eg: He stayed in a new strange place quite upset.

他呆在一个新的陌生的地方感到很不安。

upset (adj.) 也作表语或定语

eg: ①.Jim wsa/felt quite upset because he was worried about his exam.

吉姆担心考试,感到心烦意乱。(表语)

②.she had an upset stomach.

她感到肠胃不舒服。(定语)

upset (v.) 使不安,使心烦意乱;使......难过;使......不舒服

upset----upset----upset

eg: ①.The new policy upset a lot of people.

新政策使得很多人都很不安。

②.Don’t upset yourself about that news.

别让那条学习令你心烦意乱。

③.Eating too much will upset your stomach.

吃太多会使你的胃不舒服。

拓展:upset (v.) 打翻;打乱

eg: ①.I upset a glass of milk.

我打翻了一杯牛奶。

②.Rain upset our plans for a picnic.

雨打乱了我们去野餐的计划。

upset----upsetting (现在分词或形容词)

作adj.时常有结构:★It be + upsetting + that从句

eg: It is upsetting that she is so late.

她迟到这么长时间,使人很不高兴。

7. You had to pay to get it repaired. 你不8. 得不9. 出钱让人修理。

get /have sth./sb. done 请(让)别人做某事;遭遇某事表被动

eg: 1.I got/had a tooth filled yesterday.

昨天我去补了一颗牙。(由别人补的)

2.There’s something wrong with the TV, I must get/have it repaired.

电视机有毛病,我得请人修理。(由别人修理)

3.I had my wallet stolen in the street the other day.

几天前在街上我的钱包被人偷了。(遭到偷窃,而不是我请人来偷的)拓展:另外,动词keep、make、let和感官动词see、find等也适用此结构eg: 1.Keep the fish untouched.

别动那些鱼。

2.I saw the old lady carried upstairs.

我看见那个老妇人被抬到楼上了。

3.She found the world outside completely changed after the typhoon.

她发现台风过后外面的世界彻底不一样了。

回顾:⑴.get/have/keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

eg: They had us laughing all through the meal.

他们让我们在吃饭时自始至终笑个不停。

⑵.keep doing sth. 一直做某事

eg: I kept waiting for her for about 2 hours.

我一直等了她2小时。

⑶.get sb. to do sth.=have/let/make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

eg: 1.I’ll get the driver to take you to the airport.

我会让司机送你去机场。

2.You should have your friends help you. 你应该让你的朋友们帮助你。6.You will ignore the bell and go some where quiet to calm your friend down.

你会不顾铃声去一个安静的地方让你的朋友镇定下来。

ig`nore (v.) 不理睬,不顾;忽视

eg: 1.The boys were so rude that we decided to ignore them.

这些孩子太粗鲁了,我们决定不理他们。

2.I’m very upset to be ignored by my English teacher.

英语老师忽视我使我很难过。

拓展:`ignorant (adj.) 无知的,愚昧的+of/about

`ignorance (n.) 无知,愚昧+of/about

eg: 1.This is an ignorant question.

这是一个无知的问题。

2.They are ignorant of the recent changes here.

他们对这里最近的变化一无所知。

3.Please forgive my ignorance.

请原谅我的无知。

4.His talk shows his ignorance of electronics.

他的谈话表现出他对电学一无所知。

calm(v.) 使平静,使镇定

calm down平静下来,镇定下来

eg: 1.The mother calmed her baby (down) by giving him some candy.

母亲给婴儿糖果使他安静下来了。

2,He took a deep breath to calm himself (down).

他深吸一口气让自己镇定下来。

3.The sea calmed down.

海上风平浪静了。

calm (adj.) ⑴.(形容人)镇静的,沉着的;冷静的,不激动的

eg: We must keep calm when facing danger.

面对危险时我们必须保持镇静。

⑵.(形容海洋等)平静的

eg: After the storm, the sea became calm.

暴风雨过后,大海又风平浪静了。

⑶.(形容天气)无风的

eg: a calm cloudless day 云淡风轻的日子

⑷.(形容场所)宁静的,平静的

eg: The city is calm again after yesterday’s riots.

昨天的暴乱过后,这个城市又恢复了宁静。

7. You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him.

be concerned about 关心、挂念......;为......担心

eg: 1.She was only concerned about herself.

她只关心她自己。

2.I was very concerned about my mother’s illness.

我很担心我母亲的病。

拓展:be concerned with 与......有关

eg: 1.The meeting was concerned with foreign trade.这次会议与外贸有关。

2.This accident was concerned with his carelessness.那次事故与他的粗心有关。

show concern(n.) for sb. 对……表现出真正的关心

eg: The teacher shows true concern for his students.

这位表现出对他学生的真正的关心。

相关链接:I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.

我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

to do with 与......有关,常用于have something to do with结构中

eg: 1.His job has something to do with computers.

他的工作与电脑有关。

2.Does the news have anything to do with the accident?

这条新闻与那起事故有关联吗?

类似的有:★⑴.have nothing to do with 与.....毫无关系

★⑵.have a lot/much to do with 与......有很大关系

eg: 1.I have nothing to do with him.

我和他没有关系。

2.Hard work has a lot to do with her success.

努力工作与她的成功息息相关。

另外,do with=deal with处理,处置;对付

但是,do with 只能跟what搭配,而deal with 要跟how搭配

eg: 1.The new manager didn’t know what to do with the matter.

2.The new manager didn’t know how to deal with the matter.

这位新经理不知道如何处理这件事。

8. The dog got loose and was hit by a car. 狗松脱了,9. 被一辆轿车给撞了。

get loose 松开,松脱结构为:get(连系动词)+adj./动词过去分词

类似的还有:get lost迷路get married结婚get hurt受伤get caught被抓拓展::let……loose 释放

eg: Don’t let the dog loose. 别把狗放开。

10. cheat (v.) 作弊

cheat in/at 在……中作弊

eg: He never cheated in/at exams. 他考试从不作弊。

cheat (v.) 欺骗,骗取

★cheat sb. (out) of sth. 骗取某人某物

eg: They cheated the old woman (out) of her house and money.

他们骗取了老妇人的房屋和钱财。

★cheat sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事

eg: The salesman cheated me into buying those useless things.

那个推销员骗我买了那些没用的东西。

cheat(n.) 骗子;欺骗行为

eg: We all hated that cheat’s cheat.

我们都憎恨那个骗子的欺骗行为。

11. go through ①.经历,遭受

eg: Frank went through many dangers during the war.

法兰克在战争中经历了很多危险。

②.通过,穿过(从中间或内部)

eg: I’m afraid of going through that dark forest.

我害怕穿越那个黑暗的森林。

③.仔细查看

eg: The police went through each pocket of the thief.

警察检查了窃贼了每一只口袋。

12. crazy 疯的;痴迷

be crazy about 对……痴迷

eg: He is crazy about dancing. 他痴迷于跳舞。

be crazy to do sth. 疯狂做某事

eg: You’re crazy to go out in this stormy night.

在这样暴风的夜晚出去,你真是疯了。

拓展:go crazy 发疯

13. share(v.) 分享;分担

share (in) sth. 分享/分担某事或某物

eg: 1.We shared (in) the delicious meal.

我们分享了美餐。

2.She will share (in) my troubles as my joys.

她愿和我苦乐与共。

★share (in) sth. with sb. 与某人分享/分担某事或某物

eg: 1.He hated to share (in) the hotel bedroom with a stranger.

他讨厌和陌生人分享一个房间。

2.My wife shared (in) distress with me.

我妻子与我共患难。

share(n.) 一份,份额

eg: I only want my share. 我只要我的那份。

have/take one’s share of…负担……的部分

eg: I’ll take my share of the cost.

我负担我那部分的费用。

14. nature 自然,15. 大自然

the balance of nature 自然界的平衡;生态平衡

natural(adj.) 自然的,自然界的

naturally(adv.) 自然地,自然界地

16. purpose 目的,17. 意图

eg: our main purpose is to make money.

我们的主要目的是赚钱。

on purpose故意= purposely(adv) (opp.)by accident/chance 偶然

eg: He stepped on my foot on purpose/purposely.

他故意踩我的脚。

拓展:★for the purpose of (doing sth.) 为了……的目的(做某事)

eg: Do you come to London for the purpose of seeing your family?

你来伦敦的目的是为看你的家人吗?

★with the purpose of (doing sth.) 怀着……的目的(做某事)

eg: He went to town with the purpose of buying a new TV

他进城的目的是买一台新电视机。

18. 辨析in order to, in order that与so as to

in order to, in order that既可放句首,又可放句中

so as to 只能放句中

eg: 1.They went to Beijing in order to/so as to attend an important meeting.

2.In order to attend an important meeting, they went to Beijing.

而用in order that/so that时,从句中要加情态动词

eg: She has bought the book in order that/so that she can follow the TV lessons.

她为了能跟上电视课程买了这本书。

同样,in order that 可置句首、句中,而so that只能置于句中。

拓展:★(opp.) in order not to/so as not to

eg: I got up very early in order not to/so as not to be late.

19. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.

但是当月光太亮的时候,我不敢打开窗户。

far: 程度副词,可修饰形容词或副词“…得多;过于…;远比…更…”

形容词或副词的比较级

too

eg: 1.South America is far different from North America.

南北美洲差异极大。(修饰形容词)

2.This one is far better.

这个要好得多。(修饰比较级)

3.She has done far too little.

她做的远远不够。(修饰too)

4.I have been talking far too much.

我实在说的太多太多了。(修饰too)

辨析:by far “……得多”,常用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级或最高级,以加强语气,置于后面;若带有the或a时,置于前后都可以。

eg: 1.This one is better by far. 最高要好得多。

2.She is by far the best.=she is the best by far. 她显然是最优

秀的。

★dare:用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中,过去式为dared,其他各人称都用dare。

eg: 1.Tom dared not go alone. 汤姆不敢独自去。

2.Dare you ask him? 你敢问他吗?

3.If he dare go out of the house, I will punish him.

如果他胆敢走出这个房间,我就要惩罚他。

★dare:用作实意动词时,它有一般动词的全部形式:dares,dared,dared,daring,

后加带to的不定式,但在否定句和疑问句中,其后的不定式符号to可以省

去,而daring后的to一般不能省。

eg: 1.He didn’t dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。

2.How did you dare (to) tell her? 你怎么竟敢告诉她了?

3.I dare to tell him what I think of him. 我敢告诉他我对他的看法。

4.The little boy stopped at the door, not daring to enter.

那个小男孩站在门口,不敢进去。

17.I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. set down = write down/put down 写下,记下

eg: Please set down what you said just now. 请把你刚才所说的话写下来。 set down 把……放下

eg: He set down the heavy box and rested for a while.

他放下重盒休息了一会。

★a series of 一连串的;一系列的;一套

a series of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语

eg: A series of rainy days is going to spoil their holidays.

连绵的雨天将毁了他们的假期。

18.feelings(pl.) 感情,情感

eg: I’m afraid what you said hurt her feelings.

恐怕你的话伤了她的感情。

辨析:feeling 感觉,知觉

eg: 1.a feeling of cold 冷的感觉

2.i have a feeling that we are being followed.

我觉得有人跟踪我们。

19.according to(介词)后面须接 n.、pron.、或v-ing, 不能接to do 结构。

“按照,根据……所说”

eg: 1.each worker will get paid according to the amount of his work.

每个工人将根据其工作量来获得报酬。

2.According to george, it was not the driver’s fault.

按照乔治的说法,那不是司机的过错。

20.power(n.) ⑴.力量,能力,操纵力:in one’s power 在某人的控制下

⑵.权利:come into power 掌权

⑶.动力,电力:electric power 电力;water power 水力

Powerful(adj.) (opp.) powerless(adj.)

21.outdoors(adv.) 户外 indoors(adv.) 户内

outdoor(adj.) 户外的 indoor(adj.) 户内的

eg: 1.Many flowers can be grown indoors.

2.I prefer outdoor sports.

22.suffer(v.) 遭受

eg: Many people in the war suffered hunger.

战争中许多人遭受饥饿/忍饥挨饿。

★suffer from 遭受……之苦;患病

eg: She often suffers from headaches. 她常常头痛。

Suffering(n.) 痛苦;苦难

23.★happen to do sth.=It happens that从句:“碰巧……”,有一般式,进行式和完成式。

eg: 1.I happened to be there when the accident took place.=It happened that I was there when the accident took place. 事故发生时我碰巧

在那里。(一般式)

2.I happened to be bathing when the telephone rang.=It happened that

I was bathing when the telephone rang. 电话响时我恰好在洗澡。(进

行式)

3.He happened to have seen the film.=It happened that he had seen

the film.

他碰巧已经看过这部电影了。(完成式)

happen的否定式有两种: do not happen to do和 happen not to do

eg: 1.I didn’t happen to take any money with me.

2.I happened not to take any money with me.

我碰巧没带钱。

happen to的there be句型:There happens to be……“恰好有一个……”

eg: There happened to be a post office in the next street.

恰好在下条街上有一家邮局。

拓展:happen to sb./sth. 发生在……身上

eg: 1.What has happened to Jim? 吉姆怎么啦?/吉姆发生什么事了?

2.If anything happens to the machine, do let me know.

如果机器出了毛病,务必通知我。

Happenings(n.) 所发生的事

24.Jews were caught by Nazis and put away.

尤太人被纳粹抓起来并被送进监狱。

Jew(n.) 尤太人 Jewish(adj.) 尤太的,尤太人的

put (sb.) away 把(某人)关押起来

put away 把……收起来 eg: Put these tools away after you finished the work.

25.thunder(n.) 雷,雷声 thunderous(adj.)

lighting(n.) 闪电

26.trust(v.) 相信,信任

trust sb./sth. 相信/信任某人/某事

eg: We trust him because he has never cheated anyone.

trust(n.)

have/put trust in sb./sth.

eg: 1.You should have trust in the doctor.

你应该相信医生。

2.Don’t put your trust in that man, he may trick.

别相信那个男人,他会骗你的。

27.stay close(adv.) to…待得离……很近具体的、真正的距离概念

而 closely(adv.) 仔细地,严密地是一个抽象的概念

eg: He stood close to his brother and looked at the map closely.

他站在他哥哥的旁边,仔细地看着地图。

链接:close(adj.) ⑴.离……近的 get close to 靠近……(强调动作)

be close to 离……近(强调状态)

eg: When you find a child is close to the pool, don’t let

him get closer to it. 当你发现一个小孩在池边时,别

让他再靠近了。

⑵.亲密的

eg: a close friend 一位密友

28.German(n.) 德国人;德语 (pl.) Germans 德国人的复数形式

(adj.) 德国的,德国人的;德语的

Germany(n.) 德国(国名)

29.teenager(n.) 十几岁的青少年

eg: a club for teenagers 青少年俱乐部

teenage(adj.) 青少年的

eg: teenage problem 青少年问题

拓展:teens 指的是13~19岁的年龄;十几岁

30.get along/on with sb.与某人相处得……(进行时用的较多)

get along/on with sth.某事进展得……

+well,nicely,badly等,表示相处/进展的程度

eg: 1.He gets along/on very well with his classmates.

他和他的同班同学相处得非常好。

2.How are you getting along/on with your study?

你学习进展得怎么样了?

3.How are you getting along?

你过得怎样?

31.gossip(n.) 闲话;流言蜚语

eg: She had a gossip with her neighbour.

她与邻居闲聊了一会。

gossip(v.)

gossip (with sb.) about sb./sth. 与(某人)闲聊/流短蜚长……

eg: It’s getting late, I must stop gossiping with you about those useless topics any longer.天色晚了,我得停止和你聊那些无聊的话题了。

32.fall in love (with) 爱上……

eg: 1.They met at a party and immediately fell in love.

他们在一次聚会上相遇并一见钟情。

2.At the age of 24, she fell in love with a teacher, and two years

later, they got married. 她在24岁时爱上了一位老师,两年后他们结

婚了。

辨析:fall in love (with) 表短暂性的动作

be in love (with) 表持续性的状态,可与一段时间连用

eg: 1.The two young people have been in love with each other for five years.

两个年轻人相恋已经有五年了。

2.It is five years since they fell in love with each other.

33.`edit(v.) 编辑,编排

`editor(n.) 编辑,编者

e`dition(n.) 版本,版次

34.★advice(Un.) 建议,忠告 advice [s]

eg: a piece of advice 一条建议/忠告

follow/take one’s advice 接受/听从某人的建议

ask for sb’s advice=ask sb for advice 征询某人的意见

give sb some advice on (doing) sth. 给某人提关于……的建议

eg: Mr. Smith gave us some good advice on the study of English.

史密斯先生给了我们一些如何学习英语的建议。

advise(v.) advise [z]

⑴.advise sth. 建议某事

eg: He advised an early start. 他建议早点出发。

⑵. advise doing sth. 建议做某事

eg: He advised putting off the meeting. 他建议推迟会议。

⑶. advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人(不要)做某事

eg: I’ve advised my father not to smoke any more.

我建议我的父亲别再吸烟了。

⑷. advise sb. +疑问词+不定式建议某人……

eg: Could you advise me how to do it? 你能告诉我该怎样做这件事吗?★⑸. advise (sb.) that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人应该做某事注意:这是一个虚拟语气

eg: The teacher advised us that we (should) speak English in and out of class.

老师建议我们课内课外都应该说英语。

35.situation(n.) 情形;形势;境况;局面;位置,场所

eg: 1.He is now in a difficult situation.

目前他处境艰难。

2.you should know something about the present international

situation.

你应该知道一些当前的国际形势。

3.This is a good situation to draw tourists.

这是一个吸引游客的好位置。

36.make an effort(Cn.) to do sth. 努力做某事

make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事

make great efforts to do sth. 全力做某事

eg: 1.They made every effort to finish the work on time.

他们尽一切努力准时地完成了工作。

2.He has made great efforts to learn English, but he still failed.

他已经尽全力学英语了,但是他还是失败了。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e817271331.html,municate(v.) 交际,沟通

★communicate with sb. 与某人交际/沟通

eg: 1.We communicate with each other by e-mail.

我们用电子邮件相互交际。

2.I’m not good at communicating with people.

我不善与人交际。

拓展:communication(n.)

eg: The satellites has become an important means of communication.

卫星已经成为一种重要的通讯工具。

Communications(n.) 通讯系统,交通设施

eg: Our city has excellent communications with all parts of the country.

我们城市有完备的交通网与全国各地联系。

38.grateful=thankful(adj.) 感谢的,感激的

eg: He was grateful that she kept the secret for him.

他很感激她为他保守了这个秘密。

be grateful to sb.

eg: I’m very grateful to all the teachers for their help.

我非常感谢所有老师的帮助。

39.habit(n.) 习惯

⑴.have the/a habit of doing sth. 有做……的习惯

⑵.form/build up/develop the/a habit of 养成……的习惯

⑶.fall/get into the/a habit of 沾染上……的习惯

⑷.get out of/give up/kick the/a habit of 戒除……的习惯

eg: 1.He has the habit of getting up early.

他有早起的习惯。

2.He has formed the good habit of taking notes in class.

他已经养成了在课上作笔记的好习惯。

3.When did you fall/get into the habit of smoking?

你什么时候染上吸烟的习惯的?

4.It’s hard to get out of the habit of taking drugs.

戒除吸毒的恶习很难。

II. Sentences

1. Your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning the bicycle.

你的朋友直到擦完车子才会走.

not…until/till…直到……才……

在否定句中,主句谓语一般是终止性动词(如:come, go, arrive, leave等),且从句既可跟名词,也可跟句子.

eg: 1.I didn’t go to bed until/till midnight(名词). 我直到午夜才睡觉.

2.She won’t come until/till you call her(句子). 你打电话给她她才

会来.

★not until可置句首,但主句须半倒装,助动词置于主语前,动词用原形,此时不

可用till。

eg: 1.Not until last week did I receive his letter.

直到上星期我才收到他的信。

2.Not until I got to the station did I find my wallet stolen.

直到到了火车站,我才发现我的钱包被偷了。

★也可用强调句式:It is/was not until…that…,用is还是was取决于that后面句子的时态。

eg: 1.It was not until 2 o’clock in the early morning that I finished my work.

直到凌晨两点我才完成工作。

2.It is not until you promise to help her that she goes away.

直到你答应帮她她才会走。

而在肯定句中,主句谓语动词一般是延续性动词(如:stay, sleep, work, study 等),表示动作一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止,且从句既可跟名词,也可跟句子。

eg: 1.I will stay here until/till Friday(名词). 我将一直在这里待到星期五。

2.He worked in HongKong until/till his father found him a job in

Canada(句子). 在他父亲给他在加拿大找到工作之前,他一直在香港工

作。

2.While walking the dog, you were careless and …

在你遛狗的时候,你非常粗心……

while walking the dog=while you were walking the dog

在时间状语、条件状语以及让步状语从句中,主语和谓语可省略,但必须符合两个条件:

⑴.从句主语与主句主语一致,或从句主语为it;

⑵.从句中的谓语动词为be的某种形式,主动用现在分词。

eg: 1.When (you are) crossing the street, be careful.

2.She is very experienced, though (she is) very young.

3.If (it is) necessary, I’ll come to help you.

被动时用过去分词:

eg: 1.When (it is) published, the novel will become one of the bestsellers of the year.这部小说被出版以后将成为今年最畅销书之

一。

2.If (he was) given more time, he could finish all the work.

如果再给他多点时间,他就能完成全部的工作。

3.Tell him that he should have studied. 告诉他他本应该好好学习的。

should/ought to have done 过去本应该做某事而实际上却没做

这是一种与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,同时表示一种比较婉转的自责或责备。

eg: 1.I should have come earlier. 我本来应该早点来的。 (实际上没早来) 2.You should have washed the wound, but you haven’t.

你本应该把伤口洗一洗的,但你没有。(实际上没有洗)

(opp.) shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done 过去本不该做的事而实际上却做了

eg: 1.You shouldn’t have told him about it.

你本不应该把这件事告诉他的。(实际上告诉了)

2.She shouldn’t have taken away my dictionary, for I wanted to use it.

她本不该把我的词典拿走的,因为我自己要用了。(其实已经拿走了)

4.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想不想要一位你可以向他倾诉一切的朋友,比如你最深的情感与思想?

I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.

我不想像大多数人那样,在日记中把一系列的事都记下来。

当like与as都解释为“像……;如……”时, like后跟词或词组

as后跟句子

5.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovere她和她的家人躲藏了两年零一个月之后才被发现。

Before在句中用作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“在……之前;……之后才……;

没来得及……就……”

eg: 1.He had left before I could have a word with him.

我还没来得及和他说句话,他就离开了。

2.The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could

control it.

大火持续了四个小时,消防人员才把它控制住。

★6.If it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.

it is…that…为强调句,强调because引导的原因状语从句。

结构:It is/was+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语〔以时间和地点状语为多〕)+that/who…(被强调部分指人时可用who或that,指物时只能用that)

eg: 1.It was we who/that held an English evening in the school hall last night.

昨天晚上是我们在学校大厅举办的摇晚会。(强调主语)

2.It was an English evening that we held in the school hall last night.

昨天晚上我们在学校大厅举办的是英语晚会。(强调宾语)

3.It was in the school hall that we held an English evening last night.

昨天晚上我们是在学校大厅举办的英语晚会。(强调地点状语)

4.It was last night that we held an English evening in the school hall.

我们是昨天晚上在学校举办的英语晚会。(强调时间状语)

7.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…

这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……

结构:It is/was the+序数词+time+that引导的从句(用现在完成时或过去完成时)这是某人第几次做某事。

在非正式语体中,it可用this或that代替。

eg: 1.It/This is the third time that you have been late this term.

这是你这个学期第三次迟到了。

2.It was the second time that our boss had made investment in this city.

这是我们老板第二次在这个城市投资。

III. Grammar

Direct speech and Indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语)

⑴.时态变化:如果主句谓语动词为现在时,从句时态无须变化;当主句谓语的动词

①.直接引语的内容为普遍存在的客观真理;

②.直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的时间状语;

③.直接引语本身就是过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时;

④.直接引语中有should,could,would,ought to,must,had better,would rathe 时;

⑤.当主句中动词的主语是第一人称时,间接引语中的人称代词不变;

⑥.当直接引语中的主语是第三人称时,间接引语中的人称也勿须变化。

eg: 1.The teacher said,“The earth travels around the sun.”

The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.

2.Mr. John said,“I visited the Great Wall in 1998.”

Mr. John said that he visited the Great Wall in 1998.

3.Mary said,“I must finish the work in time.”

Mary said that she must finish the work in time.

4.I said,“You did quite well.”

I said that you had done quite well.

5.Tom said to me,“She will fly to Beijing.”

Tom told me that she would fly to Beijing.

⑶.句式变化

①.陈述句和感叹句变为间接引语时,一般变为加that引导的宾语从句(that可

省),感叹号变为句号;谓语动词是say/said to sb.的要改为tell/told sb.。 eg: 1.He often says,“China is great.”

He often says (that) China is great.

2.He often says to me,“What a great country China is!”

He often tells me (that) China is such a great country.

②.一般疑问句,加if或whether,直接引语中的疑问句式变为间接引语中的陈述

句式,后加句号;谓语动词是say/said (to sb.)的要改为ask/asked (sb.)。 eg: 1.He said,“Did you see her last night?”

He asked (me) if/whether I had seen her the night before.

2.mother said to me,“ did you do your homework yesterday?”

Mother asked me if/whether I had done my homework the day before.

另外,选择疑问句和反意疑问句,多用whether连接,其他一样。

eg: 1.He said,“Did Tom leave today or yesterday?”

He asked whether Tom had left that day or the day before.

2.“You’ve already finished your experiment, haven’t you?”asked the

teacher.

The teacher asked me whether I had already finished my experiment.

如果是否定的一般疑问句,则用whether…or not连接,其他一样。

eg: He said,“Don’t you know I’m one of you?”

He asked (us) whether we knew he was one of us or not.

③.特殊疑问句,疑问词加上陈述语序,再加句号,其他不变。

eg: 1.“What are you doing now?” he asked.

He asked me what I was doing then.

2.He asked,“How are you getting along, Tom?”

He asked Tom how he was getting along.

④.祈使句,要将动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据句子的意

思加上tell, ask, order等动词,如果祈使句的否定式,在其前面加not。

eg: 1.She said to us,“Please sit down.”

She asked us to sit down.

2.He said,“Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

He told the boys not to make so much noise.

3.He said to him,“Go away!”

He ordered him to go away.

⑷.

⑸.

说明:如果在当地转述,here不必改为there, come不必改为go,bring也不用改。

说明:如果是在当天转述,today, yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语不必改变。

Unit 2 English Around The World

I. Words and Phrases

1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English in the world?

你知道世界上不止有一种英语吗?

more than one + 单数可数名词:“不止一个”,语意上为复数,但谓语动词用单数。

Eg: More than one person has made the suggestion.

不止一个人提过这个建议。

拓展:more + 复数名词+ than one做主语时,谓语动词用复数。

Eg: More persons than one are concerned with this accident.

不止一个人与这个事故有关。

链接:more than ⑴.= over超过,多于

Eg: There were more than 100 people at the party.

⑵.= not only不只是,不仅仅是

Eg: 1.Helen and Mary are more than classmates, they are close friends.

海伦和玛丽不只是同班同学,她们更是知心朋友。

2.Bamboo is used for more than building.

竹子不仅仅用于建筑。

⑶.more than后面接形容词、副词或分词= very:“很,非常”。

Eg: 1.When I asked them for help, they were more than glad to come.

当我向他们求助时,他们非常乐意地就来了。

2.I’m more than willing to help you.

我很愿意帮助你。

⑷.more than +主语+ can +谓语,表示否定意义;“是……所不

能……,非……所能……”

Eg: 1.What the leader said was more than we could understand.

这位领导所讲的话是我们所不能理解的。

2.That was more than they could do.

那是他们力所不能及的事情。

拓展:★⑴.more…than…: 与其说……不如说……(more和than后接相同的成分) Eg: 1.He’s more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪明,不如说他幸运。

2.He’s more a writer than a teacher. 与其说他是老师,不如说他是作家。

⑵.no more than 不过,仅仅

Eg: He appears very rich, in fact he is no more than an ordinary worker.

他看上去很富有,事实上他不过/仅仅是个普通的工人。

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