商务英语阅读(第二版) 王关富 Unit14 Green business 课后答案

Chapter 14

Patagonia: Blueprint for green business

Exercises

1．Answer the questions on the text

1)What is Patagonia’s work environment like?

Patagonia has freeform work environments which have become common enough that barefoot employees, cavorting pets and organic chefs hardly merit a second glance. But the bicycles, the surfboards, the solar panels, the Tibetan prayer flags, the shed full of convalescing owls and hawks all suggest that it is not traditional corporate-land, either. The place is all business, but it's business conducted upside down and inside out. Simply put, it's radical.

2)How does Chouinard view average American businesses?

To Chouinard, the average suit ranks somewhere between alcoholic and criminal on the respect scale, and American business, when powered by the endless consumption and discarding of stuff, is unimaginative at best and evil at worst, responsible for clear-cutting forests, polluting oceans, and bulldozing wetlands to make way for the next condo development. Its modus operandi is unsustainable growth, which he compares to an "out-of-control tumor."

3)What was Chouinard’s first try in the business world?

Back in Burbank, Chouinard installed a coal forge in his parents' garage and became a self-taught blacksmith, hammering out pitons - three-inch strips of steel used for anchoring climbing ropes. Chouinard's pitons were stronger and more elegant than their predecessors, a triumph of minimalist engineering. He sold them out of the back of his car for $1.50 and tried to live on the proceeds.

4)What is the “dirtbag” way according to Chouinard? How does he view it?

Chouinard describes as the "dirtbag" way as living as close to the wild as possible with as little as possible. To Chouinard, the “dirtbag” way never seemed like privation. Rather, it was freedom.

5)How do Chouinard and Malina define Patagonia?

It wouldn't release toxins into rivers or cause nervous breakdowns or chase endless growth. It wouldn't make disposable crap that people didn't really need. Anything it produced would be of the highest quality, manufactured in the most responsible way. When the surf was up or the powder wafted down, employees would be where they ought to be: outside. If an employee's child was sick, the parent would also be where he ought to be: at home. They would keep Patagonia privately held and say no to anything that compromised their values.

6)What big lessons did Chouinard learn from scaling the likes of Yosemite’s EL

Capitan?

The biggest was that reaching the summit had nothing to do with where you arrived and everything to do with how you got there. Likewise, he thought, with business: The point was not to focus on making money; focus on doing things right, and the profits would come.

7)Who are Patagonia’s potential customers?

There is no one type of customer here. There are couples pushing double-wide strollers, teenagers and grandparents, and even a woman in high heels.

8)What was the result of Chouinard’s effort to use organic cotton?

Patagonia's cotton sales rose 25 percent and, more important, established an organic-cotton industry so that other companies could cross over. Demand grew and prices decreased, leading to even more demand. In 2006, Wal-Mart became the world's largest purchaser of organic cotton.

9)Summarize the measures that Patagonia took in search of greener materials.

a) use organic cotton instead of non-organic cotton

b) use recycled polyester to produce

c) stop using Chlorine in wool products

d) use a product made of crushed crab shells for odor control instead of

antimicrobial silver which is a groundwater pollutant.

e) advise customers to use the shipping by ground or sea—which is more

energy-saving than airfreight.

10) Why does Chouinard plan to shift his business to watersports?

Climate change. "We're getting into the surf market, because it's never going to snow again, and the waves are going to get bigger and bigger,"

2．Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.

1) After school Alan always threw himself into computer games.

2) Some of his good luck must have rubbed off on me.

3) We are taught from childhood to distance ourselves from a bad neighbor so as to

avoid possible negative consequences from being in his proximity.

4) He was pissed off by the man’s rude behavior and began to call names.

5) Susan has an annoying habit of spying on her neighbors.

6) She signed on for a concentrated course in the basics of nursing by the Red Cross.

7) The agreement on the venture follows Samsung's recent pledges to break into

new industries to develop future growth engines.

8) According to the agenda, the President will be in residence of this hotel this

weekend.

9) Chua's celebration of Chinese parenting and her bizarre assertions fly in the face

of everything Western parents hold dear.

10) As a result, durable goods tend to punch above their weight) in determining if

the economy is booming or slumping.

11) The basketball players are suiting up in the locker room.

12) Saddled with) the heavy burden of supporting the whole family, he could not

pursue the dream of his own.

3．Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B

A B ___

1) going public A) A sector in which companies in the active

outdoor recreation business provide products

and services for a variety of outdoor activities

such as bicycling, boating and climbing.2

2) outdoor industry B) A term commonly used to describe the world

of corporations within the United States not

under government ownership. 3

3) corporate America C) The process of performing an initial public

offering (IPO) by a firm, and for the first time

the general public can buy its shares. 1

4) environmental assessment D) Things that define or constrain aspects of

business that are intended to assert business

structure or influence the behavior of

business. 8

5) wilderness adventure E) Activities, often regarded as sports or recreations,

performed by people in areas of natural land

without much cultivation or very sparsely

populated. 5

6) flextime F) Programs by governments, enterprises or

individuals to create sensibility of

environmental protection and to encourage

environment-friendly behaviors like energy

efficiency, recycling, and healthy housing. 9 7) gross revenue G) Process of estimating and evaluating significant

short-term and long-term effects of a program

or project on the environmental quality of

a location. 4

8) rules of business H) Money generated by all of a company's

operations, before deductions for expenses. 7 9) green initiatives I) Non-traditional work scheduling practice which

allows employees to choose their individual

working hours certain limits. 6

10) patented product L) A product in respect of which a patent has been

granted and its production and sale are legally

protected by the patent. 10

4. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

全球变暖可能是世界领袖们面临的最复杂的问题。一方面，由于不断壮大的科技力量指出因人类活动（主要是矿物燃料和林木燃烧）而产生的温室气体危险持续恶化，因此来自科技界的警告变得越来越强烈。另一方面，在减少有害物质排放的全球共同行动开始之前必须先解决好相关的科技、经济和政治问题，但现在面对全球经济萧条，这些问题已变得复杂化了。

2010年末在墨西哥的坎昆举行了全球气候变化谈判，但最棘手的问题并未得到解决，会议只取得了十分有限的成果。不过，虽然坎昆会议所通过的措施可能对地球变暖的短期效应微不足道，但对解决这一问题的国际进程来说却赢得了重要的信任票。

会议达成的协议离科学家所说的为避免今后数十年气候恶化所需的广泛措施还相差甚远。假如世界各国能够克服情绪化争论的话，它则为今后采取更强有力的措施奠定了基础，遗憾的是近些年来气候变化的谈判正是毁于这样的争论。被称作坎昆协定的一蓝子协议，决定再给190多个参会国一年时间来决定是否延长已受损了的京都议定书。该议定书是1997年签订的，它要求绝大多数富裕国家削减有害物体的排放，同时要求资助发展中国家争取今后获得更为清洁的能源。

国际争论的核心问题是以下重大议题：富国与穷国间谁应先采取步骤，谁来支付改变能源使用项目单上的大部分费用。

2011年1月2日美国环保署强制推出了首批温室气体排放规定。这些规定对公用事业、炼油设施和主要制造商的瞬即效应不会很大，因为新规定针对的是那些计划兴建的大型新设施或要准备进行大规模改造的现有工厂。不过，在今后10年环保署打算要真正监管所有的温室气体来源，对几乎所有产业和区域都要强制实行效率和排放的要求。

5. Read the following text and choose the best answer from A to F below to fill in each of the gaps in the text.

1) Unfortunately it is also one of the most polluting.

2) The European Union already restricts emissions from cement kilns, and other

jurisdictions are likely to follow suit.

3) In 2006, for example, Holcim's emissions per tonne were 16% below the level of

1990.

4) The cuts come in three main areas.

5) But all three tactics have their limits.

6) Holcim's total emissions, for example, have risen by two-thirds since 1990. Supplementary Reading

Wal-Mart: Measuring Just How Green

1)War-Mart will begin its green initiative with suppliers in the following product

categories EXCEPT .

A.toothpaste and soap

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e018894704.html,k, beer and soda

C.DVD players and vacuum cleaners ∨

D.DVDs and vacuum cleaners

2)According to the passage, the CDP is an organization that focuses on .

A.global warming and carbon emission

B.climate change and global warming

C.carbon emission and climate change ∨

D.climate change and animal protection

3)Which of the following statements is NOT the environmentalists’opinion about

War-Mart’s green initiative?

A.Some people believe Wal-Mart has been using green initiatives to burnish its

image which has been stained by its worker pay and benefits policies.

B.Some environmentalists are supportive of Wal-Mart’s green initiative and are

ready to cooperate. ∨

C.Some environmental activists are cautiously optimistic about Wal-Mart’s green

initiative.

D.Even the most radical environmental activists acknowledge that if War-Mart really

pushes for change with the latest initiative, it has the size and scale to make a real difference.

4)What will be the key test to Wal-Mart?

A.How Wal-Mart balances the green of the environment with the green of its

balance sheet. ∨

B.How Wal-Mart balances the green of the environment with the green of its

products.

C.How Wal-Mart balances the green of its products with the green of its balance

sheet.

D.How Wal-Mart balances the green of the environment with the green of its

marketing strategies.

5)Which of the following states is true?

A.War-Mart will cut off those suppliers who do not use energy in a green way.

B.War-Mart will stop doing business with high-polluting companies.

C.War-Mart hasn’t decided how it will use the new measurement system. ∨

D.War-Mart will only do business with those that supplies the lowest-cost goods.

6)After being advised by which company did War-Mart launch its green initiative?

A.McKinsey & Co. ∨

B.Accenture

C.Arthur Anderson

D.the Boston Consulting Group

7)Wal-Mart’s plan to double the fuel economy of its trucks by 2015 would save:

A.20 million gallons of diesel fuel a year

B. 3.5 million gallons of diesel fuel a year

C.60 million gallons of diesel fuel a year ∨

D.3 billion gallons of diesel fuel a year

8)According to Heather Rogers, it would be more meaningful for Wal-Mart to focus

on items like than on “low tech” products:

A.tooth paste and soup

B.cell phones and DVD players ∨

C.DVDs and DVD players

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e018894704.html,k, beer and soda

9)Wal-Mart admitted to emit in 2005

A.1.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide

B. 2.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide

C.28 million metric tons of carbon dioxide

D.15.3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide ∨

10)Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Some skeptics say the number from War-Mart’s environmental efforts just don’t

add up.

B.Critics suspect that War-Mart uses its green initiatives to deflect attention from its

workplace policies as well as financial performance in recent years.

C.Many War-Mart’s skeptics see the latest initiative with the CDP as full of promise.

D.One skeptic suggests that War-Mart maintain its carbon emission. ∨

商务英语阅读(第二版)参考译文王关富编

Chapter 1 Why China Works 中国是今年唯一呈现出重大发展的主要经济体（economy），由于它通常是唯一敢于打破经济教科书中每一条例的经济体。事实上，中国不像其他五大经济体那样发展缓慢的主要原因是，它宏观调控的能力（its capacity for macro-economic control）。为什么中国市场经济体系奏效？（market economic system）目前，欧美等国正通过银行及汽车业国有化及金融业实施新的有力规定（regulations），走向宏观调控。但问题更加紧迫（the question has a new urgency）。中国看上去最能驾驭（navigate）七十年内最糟的经济滑坡（downturn）。在危机中，中国官员既能吸取像西方同行（counterparts）的传统市场工具，也能吸取中国市场经济体系的积累经验（arsenal）。去年早期，由于房地产市场（housing market）过热，中国官员仅命令银行削减房贷（cut back on housing loans），然后随着房屋销售量下降（fall），他们提供类似更低的房屋购置税（lower taxes on home purchases）。最近几周，他们展开类似西方的经济救援行动（launch economic rescue efforts），其中包括价值6000亿的大计划以增加政府开支和大幅利率削减（ramp up government spending）（big interests cuts）。但同时，他们也发布在西方国家眼里是不合理的干涉的命令，例如，上周中国官员召集包括钢铁建筑等行业的国有行业并购（buy up）国内外新资产（at home and abroad）以积极（actively）发挥在经济中的作用。曾把中国宏观调控视为不成熟经济的弊病（immature economy），现在是稳定的保障（bulwark of stability）。CLSA经济学家AR说，”政府对大多数资本密集型产业的控制，让我看好中国的未来。政府会对这些领域的公司说，继续花吧，不要由于你们的投资计划“。尽管最大的出口及股票市场出现下滑，中国经济在09年看上去增加7%多，虽比近些年两位数（double-digit）增速有所下滑，但与其他国家相比仍然坚挺。随着国有银行放松信贷（loose credit），企业贷款率切实（actually）增加。摩根斯坦利的亚洲首席SR说，在一个投资支持可持续发展，并占GDP的40%的国家，政府再次增加投资以抵抗对增长的威胁。他又说，在危机时期，中国的指挥控制系统切实比其他市场基础系统有效。

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BEC商务英语高级真题及答案(5) In the last few years, managers throughout industry have seen more changes than many of them could have expected to see in their entire working lives having to communicate information which often leads to feelings of insecurity has become a key activity. From being regarded as relatively unimportant in many companies , management employee communication has become a central corporate need. Concordia International provides a good example of a company that has adjusted well to the changing needs for communication . since 1995 , Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led, customer-responsive business, one that looks outwards at customers and competitors, rather than inwards at its own processes and the way things were done in the past. In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated. From being an engineering company, Concordia is now remaking itself as a service company. The role of employee communication in such a context is to build people’s self-confidence, to persuade them that, although it is inevitable that the changes will go ahead, they also bring with them new opportunities for employees. However, this is not an easy task. People tend to be skeptical of these claims and to feel that they are losing touch with the company they have worked for over many years. This is understandable, since many of the old certainties are being swept away , including the core activities of the company they work for. Above all , they have had to face up to the fact that they no longer have a job for life. Research indicates that people respond to this predicament in a variety of ways. The bulk of employees fall into two main categories in terms of their response to the

商务英语阅读(第二版) 王关富 Unit 6 Goodbye, Free Trade 课后答案

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全国职业能力测评考试高级商务英语模拟试题（一）第一部分模拟试题 I．In each of the following questions and select a different 1．A、bread B、dream C、lead D、team 2．A、hole B、none C、old D、fold 3．A、house B、south C、touch D、mouth 4．A、bush B、must C、rub D、truck 5．A、ease B、mean C、head D、heat II.The following example from the sentence chosen the right answer 6 、Adults sometimes envy children who play all the time they themselves have to work.rain or shine. A、while B、once C、since D、though 7、Talking to foreigners is fun if you the right time and place. A、locate B、consider C、choose D、decide

8、A person with the blood type AB can any type of blood. A、apply B、recognize C、receive D、absorb 9、In a second-hand bookshop ,Billy came across a book which he thought was certainly a edition. A、rare B、scarce C、seldom D、hardly 10、The red color can stimulate all our ,including appetite. A、thoughts B、worries C、senses D、desires 11、While I was waiting for her ,I killed time looking in the show windows. A、by B、with C、in D、over 12、Mrs.London has that she is unable to get a job. A、such small education B 、so little education C、a such little education D、a so small education 13、I come yesterday ,but I could not. A、was to have B、must C、ought D、have to 14、He treats it a request for information. A、for B、as C、like D、by 15、They promised each other when they went to work. A、get in touch with B、getting in touch with C、to get in touch with D、to get touch with 16、She was too shy to speak . A、in public B、in the public C、in a public D、at public 17、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm. A、when B、which C、where D、who 18、I don’t like this hat.Please show me . A、another B、the other C、others D 、both 19、They shopping,when someone knocked at the door. A、are about to B、are to go C、were about to go D、were to go 20、He gained his by printing of famous writers. A、wealth; work B、wealthy ; works C、wealthy; work D、wealth;works III.The following example from the short space select the right answer Nobody wants to be 21 .Unfortunately our bodies can 22 problems.When we aren’t 23 ,our bodies tell us .Sometimes a part of our bodies hurts. When a part of our bodies 24 ,we say we have aches and pains. We can have aches and pains in 25 parts of the body. We call some simple 26 proplems“aches”.For example, we can have a headache,a toothache,an earache,a backache or a stomachache.Other simple problems are not 27 aches,so we describe them in different ways. For example,we can 28 a sore throat,a sore leg ,a sore toe. “Pain”is another word that we use to 29 a problem.We can have a pain in the chest, a pain in the shoulder or a pain 30 the back.A pain is strong. Also, a pain hurts in a specific place. When aches and pains aren’t too31 ,we can buy medicine in the drugstore . Usually small aches go away 32 .When pain is more serious ,we 33 to visit the doctor(or the dentist).The doctor asks us what our 34 are.The doctor may have to do tests or take Xrays to 35 what is wrong .Then he or she will tell us what to do. 21、A、sleep B、bad C、cold D、sick

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财富：如何改变苹果乔布斯的十年北京时间11月5日《财富》文章指出,专横但又极富才华的乔布斯是如何改变苹果的呢? 这是一段扣人心弦的创业故事:年轻的乔布斯在上个世纪八十年代一手创立了苹果,九十年代回归,在随后的十年里,他在鬼门关前转了两圈,也曾陷入违反证券法的丑闻,但是他领导苹果开发的一系列产品一直到今天还很畅销,他经常作出的一些令人不愉快的行为成为四个不同行业的主流个性,数次荣登亿万富豪榜,长期担任硅谷最有价值公司的掌门人. 这听起来是不是有点象天方夜谭? 也许吧.但是这却是史蒂夫乔布斯的真实经历,他对他接触到的任何事物都产生了巨大的影响. 商业界过去的十年是属于乔布斯的.就在一年之前,任何关于他的生平介绍的文章似乎都带着一丝告别的意味. 但是时至今日,乔布斯又回来了. 他经常签的“再多一件事(one more thing)”放在他自己的身上也同样合适.经过上半年长达6个月的病休之后,他又精神抖擞地出现在3.4万苹果员工的面前.他在离开的期间接受了肝脏移植手术. 在乔布斯年轻的时候,他的身边就聚集了一大批富有才干的追随者.现在乔布斯已经到了54岁,仅仅是简单地列出他的辉煌成就就足以解释他为什么能够当选财富杂志的“十年CEO”.仅在过去的十年里,他就从根本上改变了音乐、电影和手机等三大市场的格局.而他对最初起家的电脑行业的影响力也是有增无减. 他是一位少见的全球知名的生意人. 即便是从未看过苹果年报或者商业杂志的消费者也能滔滔不绝地谈论乔布斯的设计品位、优雅的零售店以及他不拘一格的广告创意. 他经常被比喻为演员、天生的推销员、魔法师以及专横的完美主义者.这些评价当然十分准确,同时它们也给乔布斯增添了不少的传奇色彩. 他经常与撰稿人、工业设计师和音乐家们混在一起,虽然他的着装不太正统和讲究,但是别搞错了,他可是天生的企业家.他或许不太注意对客户进行研究,但是他会非常勤奋地工作以生产出客户愿意购买的产品. 他是一个极富幻想的人,但是他也不脱离现实,他密切注意着苹果的各种运营和营销活动.他的好友、甲骨文首席执行官拉里埃利森说,乔布斯是一个不为金钱所动的人. 他的勤奋显然是处于内心对苹果的热爱,通过苹果这个媒介,他既是冷酷的裁决者,又是改变世界的执行者. 不管对于苹果还是乔布斯来说,每个季度的财报都是令人大吃一惊的.苹果在2000年时的市值大约为50亿美元,不久之后乔布斯第一次披露了苹果的数字生活方式战略,当时几乎没有评论家们能理解他的战略意图. 如今,苹果的市值达到了1700亿美元,略微超过谷歌. 当时苹果在个人电脑市场的份额大幅下滑,现金外流非常严重,公司几乎到了破产的边缘. 现在苹果手中的现金和现金等价物的总价值达到340亿美元,超过了竞争对手戴尔的总市值. Mac电脑在美国个人电脑市场上的份额达到了9％,而且还在继续增长. 苹果在9个国家开设了275家零售店,在美国MP3播放器市场占有73％的份额,自从推出iPhone之后,它又无可争议地确立了它在创新上的领袖地位. 迪斯尼在2006年斥资75亿美元收购了乔布斯创立和控制的皮克斯动画制片厂.乔布斯顺理成章地成为迪斯尼董事和大股东. 仅仅计算他所持有的苹果和迪斯尼股票的价值,他的净资产就达到了50亿美元.一些其他企业的高管也有人能够辉煌十年,但是无人能够与乔布斯相比. 乔布斯的十年实际上始于1997年,当时的乔布斯在离开了公司12年之后刚刚回归. 乔布斯重掌公司大权后的第二年,他就完成了新的领导班子的组建. 那些优秀的人才正是十年以来乔布斯智囊团的核心人物. 随后,苹果推出了乔布斯回归之后的首款Mac电脑iMac,那款具有突破性意义的产品预示着苹果将恢复健康.iMac推出之后大获成功,加上乔布斯坚决果断地大幅削减成本,为苹果今后的发展积累了充足的现金. 他改善了苹果的资产负债表,为未来的大投资做好了准备. 在一切看起来都还正处于最黑暗的时候,乔布斯就开始为苹果日后的飞跃式发展打基础.苹果在2000年9月份发布的财报未能达到预期目标,股价在随后的几个月里持续下跌,一直跌到相当于如今的7美元的水平上. 然而乔布斯到现在仍然记得苹果东山再起的关键因素. 2001年,当全球市场下滑,全球都陷入衰退的时候,苹果在那一年的1月份发布了iTunes,在3月份发布了

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